Table of Contents
215 relations: Abdominal aorta, Addison's disease, Adenoma, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal crisis, Adrenal ferredoxin, Adrenal insufficiency, Adrenal medulla, Adrenal steroid, Adrenaline, Adrenarche, Adrenergic receptor, Adrenochrome, Adrenocortical adenoma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Adrenopause, Aldosterone, Aldosterone synthase, Amine, Amino acid, Androgen, Androstenedione, Angiotensin, Angiotensin II receptor, Anterior pituitary, Anti-inflammatory, Antibody, Antihypotensive agent, Aorta, Arteriole, Arthur Guyton, Asymptomatic, Autoimmune disease, Autoimmunity, Bartolomeo Eustachi, Birth defect, Blood pressure, Blood volume, Bone morphogenetic protein, Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Calcium channel, Capillary, Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Catechol, Catecholamine, Celiac plexus, Cell migration, Cell proliferation, Cholesterol, ... Expand index (165 more) »
- Adrenaline
Abdominal aorta
In human anatomy, the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity.
See Adrenal gland and Abdominal aorta
Addison's disease
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.
See Adrenal gland and Addison's disease
Adenoma
An adenoma is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both.
Adrenal cortex
The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenal cortex
Adrenal crisis
Adrenal crisis, also known as Addisonian crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency, is a serious, life-threatening complication of adrenal insufficiency.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenal crisis
Adrenal ferredoxin
Adrenal ferredoxin (also adrenodoxin (ADX), adrenodoxin, mitochondrial, hepatoredoxin, ferredoxin-1 (FDX1)) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FDX1 gene.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenal ferredoxin
Adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla (medulla glandulae suprarenalis) is the inner part of the adrenal gland. Adrenal gland and adrenal medulla are adrenaline.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenal medulla
Adrenal steroid
Adrenal steroids are steroids that are derived from the adrenal glands.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenal steroid
Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).
See Adrenal gland and Adrenaline
Adrenarche
Adrenarche is an early stage in sexual maturation that happens in some higher primates (including humans), typically peaks at around 20 years of age, and is involved in the development of pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, axillary hair, sexual attraction/sexual desire/increased libido and mild acne.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenarche
Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenergic receptor
Adrenochrome
Adrenochrome is a chemical compound produced by the oxidation of adrenaline (epinephrine).
See Adrenal gland and Adrenochrome
Adrenocortical adenoma
An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenocortical adenoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenopause
Adrenopause is the decline in secretion and levels of adrenal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) from the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands with age.
See Adrenal gland and Adrenopause
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.
See Adrenal gland and Aldosterone
Aldosterone synthase
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone and other steroids.
See Adrenal gland and Aldosterone synthase
Amine
In chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
See Adrenal gland and Amino acid
Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
See Adrenal gland and Androgen
Androstenedione
Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
See Adrenal gland and Androstenedione
Angiotensin
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.
See Adrenal gland and Angiotensin
Angiotensin II receptor
The angiotensin II receptors, (ATR1) and (ATR2), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with angiotensin II as their ligands.
See Adrenal gland and Angiotensin II receptor
Anterior pituitary
A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.
See Adrenal gland and Anterior pituitary
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory or antiphlogistic is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.
See Adrenal gland and Anti-inflammatory
Antibody
An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.
See Adrenal gland and Antibody
Antihypotensive agent
An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or simply vasopressor, or pressor, is any substance, whether endogenous or a medication, that tends to raise low blood pressure.
See Adrenal gland and Antihypotensive agent
Aorta
The aorta (aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
Arteriole
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
See Adrenal gland and Arteriole
Arthur Guyton
Arthur Clifton Guyton (September 8, 1919 – April 3, 2003) was an American physiologist.
See Adrenal gland and Arthur Guyton
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic (or clinically silent) is an adjective categorising the medical conditions (i.e., injuries or diseases) that patients carry but without experiencing their symptoms, despite an explicit diagnosis (e.g., a positive medical test).
See Adrenal gland and Asymptomatic
Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the adaptive immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms.
See Adrenal gland and Autoimmune disease
Autoimmunity
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents.
See Adrenal gland and Autoimmunity
Bartolomeo Eustachi
Bartolomeo Eustachi (27 August 1574), also known as Eustachio or by his Latin name of Bartholomaeus Eustachius, was an Italian anatomist and one of the founders of the science of human anatomy.
See Adrenal gland and Bartolomeo Eustachi
Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause.
See Adrenal gland and Birth defect
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
See Adrenal gland and Blood pressure
Blood volume
Blood volume (volemia) is the volume of blood (blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual.
See Adrenal gland and Blood volume
Bone morphogenetic protein
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens.
See Adrenal gland and Bone morphogenetic protein
Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene.
See Adrenal gland and Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions.
See Adrenal gland and Calcium channel
Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system.
See Adrenal gland and Capillary
Caspar Bartholin the Elder
Caspar Bartholin the Elder (12 February 1585 – 13 July 1629) was a Danish physician, scientist and theologian.
See Adrenal gland and Caspar Bartholin the Elder
Catechol
Catechol, also known as pyrocatechol or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with the molecular formula.
See Adrenal gland and Catechol
Catecholamine
A catecholamine (abbreviated CA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine.
See Adrenal gland and Catecholamine
Celiac plexus
The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta.
See Adrenal gland and Celiac plexus
Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
See Adrenal gland and Cell migration
Cell proliferation
Cell proliferation is the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells.
See Adrenal gland and Cell proliferation
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
See Adrenal gland and Cholesterol
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme is commonly referred to as P450scc, where "scc" is an acronym for side-chain cleavage.
See Adrenal gland and Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
Cholesteryl ester
Cholesterol oleate, a member of the cholesteryl ester family Cholesteryl ester, a dietary lipid, is an ester of cholesterol.
See Adrenal gland and Cholesteryl ester
Chromaffin cell
Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals.
See Adrenal gland and Chromaffin cell
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
See Adrenal gland and Chromium
Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.
See Adrenal gland and Circadian rhythm
Collecting duct system
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.
See Adrenal gland and Collecting duct system
Coma
A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis.
See Adrenal gland and Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Connective tissue
Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
See Adrenal gland and Connective tissue
Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.
See Adrenal gland and Corticosteroid
Corticosterone
Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.
See Adrenal gland and Corticosterone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress responses.
See Adrenal gland and Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone.
See Adrenal gland and Cortisol
Cortisone
Cortisone is a pregnene (21-carbon) steroid hormone.
See Adrenal gland and Cortisone
Crus of diaphragm
The crus of diaphragm (crura), refers to one of two tendinous structures that extends below the diaphragm to the vertebral column.
See Adrenal gland and Crus of diaphragm
CT scan
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body.
Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol.
See Adrenal gland and Cushing's syndrome
Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases.
See Adrenal gland and Cytochrome P450
Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)).
Daniel Reisberg
Daniel Reisberg is an American academic who is the Patricia and Clifford Lunneborg Professor of Psychology at Reed College in Portland, Oregon.
See Adrenal gland and Daniel Reisberg
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor.
See Adrenal gland and Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex.
See Adrenal gland and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone primarily involved in the growth and repair of the prostate and the penis, as well as the production of sebum and body hair composition.
See Adrenal gland and Dihydrotestosterone
Distal convoluted tubule
The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule.
See Adrenal gland and Distal convoluted tubule
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.
See Adrenal gland and Dopamine
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), also known as dopamine beta-monooxygenase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DBH gene.
See Adrenal gland and Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Dorsal aorta
The dorsal aortae are paired (left and right) embryological vessels which progress to form the descending aorta.
See Adrenal gland and Dorsal aorta
Ectoderm
The ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers formed in early embryonic development.
See Adrenal gland and Ectoderm
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer FRS FRSE FRCP (2 June 1850 – 29 March 1935) was a British physiologist.
See Adrenal gland and Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Edward Calvin Kendall
Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886 – May 4, 1972) was an American biochemist.
See Adrenal gland and Edward Calvin Kendall
Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons.
See Adrenal gland and Electrolyte
Embryo
An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.
Endocrine disease
Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system.
See Adrenal gland and Endocrine disease
Endocrine gland
Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood.
See Adrenal gland and Endocrine gland
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs.
See Adrenal gland and Endocrine system
Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a living system such as an organism, tissue, or cell.
See Adrenal gland and Endogeny (biology)
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Adrenal gland and Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Estrogen
Estrogen (oestrogen; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
See Adrenal gland and Estrogen
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
See Adrenal gland and Fatty acid
Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.
See Adrenal gland and Feedback
Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.
See Adrenal gland and Fertilisation
Fight-or-flight response
The fight-or-flight or the fight-flight-freeze-or-fawn (also called hyperarousal or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.
See Adrenal gland and Fight-or-flight response
Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
See Adrenal gland and Gastrointestinal tract
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Adrenal gland and Gene expression
George Oliver (physician)
George Oliver (13 April 1841 – 27 December 1915) was an English physician.
See Adrenal gland and George Oliver (physician)
Georges Phillipe Trousseau
Georges Phillipe Trousseau (1 May 1833 – 4 May 1894) was a French physician who became the royal doctor of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and engaged in a variety of agricultural ventures.
See Adrenal gland and Georges Phillipe Trousseau
Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, glucocorticosteroids) are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.
See Adrenal gland and Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoid deficiency
Glucocorticoid deficiency is a condition where the body doesn’t produce enough glucocorticoid hormones.
See Adrenal gland and Glucocorticoid deficiency
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.
See Adrenal gland and Gluconeogenesis
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
Gonad
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism.
Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
See Adrenal gland and Gonadotropin
Henry Gleitman
Henry Gleitman (January 4, 1925 – September 2, 2015) was a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.
See Adrenal gland and Henry Gleitman
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is excessive body hair on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal.
See Adrenal gland and Hirsutism
Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.
See Adrenal gland and Histology
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
HSD3B2
HSD3B2 is a human gene that encodes for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta(5)-delta(4)isomerase type II or hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2.
Human embryonic development
Human embryonic development or human embryogenesis is the development and formation of the human embryo.
See Adrenal gland and Human embryonic development
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
See Adrenal gland and Human genome
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication.
See Adrenal gland and Hydrocortisone
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids.
See Adrenal gland and Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.
See Adrenal gland and Hyperpigmentation
Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ huper 'over' + πλάσις plasis 'formation'), or hypergenesis, is an enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.
See Adrenal gland and Hyperplasia
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
See Adrenal gland and Hypertension
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys).
See Adrenal gland and Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus (hypothalami) is a small part of the vertebrate brain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions.
See Adrenal gland and Hypothalamus
Hypovolemic shock
Hypovolemic shock is a form of shock caused by severe hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume or extracellular fluid in the body).
See Adrenal gland and Hypovolemic shock
Immune system
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.
See Adrenal gland and Immune system
Incidence (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, incidence reflects the number of new cases of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.
See Adrenal gland and Incidence (epidemiology)
Incidental imaging finding
In medical or research imaging, an incidental imaging finding (also called an incidentaloma) is an unanticipated finding which is not related to the original diagnostic inquiry.
See Adrenal gland and Incidental imaging finding
Incidental medical findings
Incidental medical findings are previously undiagnosed medical or psychiatric conditions that are discovered unintentionally and during evaluation for a medical or psychiatric condition.
See Adrenal gland and Incidental medical findings
Inferior phrenic arteries
The inferior phrenic artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the abdominal cavity which represents the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm.
See Adrenal gland and Inferior phrenic arteries
Inferior phrenic vein
The inferior phrenic veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries;.
See Adrenal gland and Inferior phrenic vein
Inferior suprarenal artery
The inferior suprarenal artery is a paired artery that supplies the adrenal gland.
See Adrenal gland and Inferior suprarenal artery
Inferior vena cava
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart.
See Adrenal gland and Inferior vena cava
Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
See Adrenal gland and Inflammation
Intermediate mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm or intermediate mesenchyme is a narrow section of the mesoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate of the developing embryo.
See Adrenal gland and Intermediate mesoderm
Jean Riolan the Younger
Jean Riolan (the Younger) (15 February 1577 or 1580 – 19 February 1657) was a French anatomist who was an influential member of the Medical Faculty of Paris.
See Adrenal gland and Jean Riolan the Younger
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (also known as the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron, the functional units of the kidney.
See Adrenal gland and Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Kidney
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.
L-DOPA
-DOPA, also known as levodopa and -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis using small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera.
See Adrenal gland and Laparoscopy
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin is the name given to fine yellow-brown pigment granules composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion.
See Adrenal gland and Lipofuscin
List of human cell types
The list of human cell types provides an enumeration and description of the various specialized cells found within the human body, highlighting their distinct functions, characteristics, and contributions to overall physiological processes.
See Adrenal gland and List of human cell types
Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein that transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular water.
See Adrenal gland and Low-density lipoprotein
Lung
The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in humans and some other animals, including tetrapods, some snails and a small number of fish.
Lysosome
A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells.
See Adrenal gland and Lysosome
Medical emergency
A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health, sometimes referred to as a situation risking "life or limb".
See Adrenal gland and Medical emergency
Medical imaging
Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).
See Adrenal gland and Medical imaging
Mesoderm
The mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals.
See Adrenal gland and Mesoderm
Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are molecules that are the precursors or metabolites of biologically significant molecules.
See Adrenal gland and Metabolic intermediate
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
See Adrenal gland and Metabolism
Microsome
In cell biology, microsomes are heterogeneous vesicle-like artifacts (~20-200 nm diameter) re-formed from pieces of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when eukaryotic cells are broken-up in the laboratory; microsomes are not present in healthy, living cells.
See Adrenal gland and Microsome
Middle suprarenal arteries
The middle suprarenal artery (middle capsular artery) is a paired artery in the abdomen.
See Adrenal gland and Middle suprarenal arteries
Mineralocorticoid
Mineralocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones.
See Adrenal gland and Mineralocorticoid
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
See Adrenal gland and Mitochondrion
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
See Adrenal gland and Mutation
Neoplasm
A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
See Adrenal gland and Neoplasm
Neural crest
Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells that arise from the embryonic ectoderm germ layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.
See Adrenal gland and Neural crest
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.
See Adrenal gland and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.
See Adrenal gland and Norepinephrine
Organic compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.
See Adrenal gland and Organic compound
Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
See Adrenal gland and Osmoregulation
Osteoblast
Osteoblasts (from the Greek combining forms for "bone", ὀστέο-, osteo- and βλαστάνω, blastanō "germinate") are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone.
See Adrenal gland and Osteoblast
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk.
See Adrenal gland and Osteoporosis
Palpitations
Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart.
See Adrenal gland and Palpitations
Periaortic lymph nodes
The periaortic lymph nodes (also known as lumbar) are a group of lymph nodes that lie in front of the lumbar vertebrae near the aorta.
See Adrenal gland and Periaortic lymph nodes
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula.
See Adrenal gland and Phenylalanine
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) is an enzyme found primarily in the adrenal medulla that converts norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to epinephrine (adrenaline).
See Adrenal gland and Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells and is part of the paraganglioma (PGL) family of tumors, being defined as an intra-adrenal PGL.
See Adrenal gland and Pheochromocytoma
Philip Showalter Hench
Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 – March 30, 1965) was an American physician.
See Adrenal gland and Philip Showalter Hench
Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.
See Adrenal gland and Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an endocrine gland in vertebrates.
See Adrenal gland and Pituitary gland
Placenta
The placenta (placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.
See Adrenal gland and Placenta
Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number19.
See Adrenal gland and Potassium
Preganglionic nerve fibers
In the autonomic nervous system, nerve fibers from the central nervous system to the ganglion are known as preganglionic nerve fibers.
See Adrenal gland and Preganglionic nerve fibers
Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
See Adrenal gland and Pregnenolone
Prenatal development
Prenatal development involves the development of the embryo and of the fetus during a viviparous animal's gestation.
See Adrenal gland and Prenatal development
Primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism (PA), also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, refers to the excess production of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands, resulting in low renin levels and high blood pressure.
See Adrenal gland and Primary aldosteronism
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination).
See Adrenal gland and Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Renal artery
The renal arteries are paired arteries that supply the kidneys with blood.
See Adrenal gland and Renal artery
Renal fascia
The renal fascia is a dense, elastic connective tissue envelope enclosing the kidney and adrenal gland, together with the layer of perirenal fat surrounding these two.
See Adrenal gland and Renal fascia
Renal plexus
The renal plexus is a complex network of nerves formed by filaments from the celiac ganglia and plexus, aorticorenal ganglia, lower thoracic splanchnic nerves and first lumbar splanchnic nerve and aortic plexus.
See Adrenal gland and Renal plexus
Renal vein
The renal veins in the renal circulation, are large-calibre veins that drain blood filtered by the kidneys into the inferior vena cava.
See Adrenal gland and Renal vein
Renin
Renin (etymology and pronunciation), also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid) and causes arterial vasoconstriction.
Renin–angiotensin system
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.
See Adrenal gland and Renin–angiotensin system
Retroperitoneal space
The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space (sometimes a potential space) behind (retro) the peritoneum.
See Adrenal gland and Retroperitoneal space
Secondary sex characteristic
A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system.
See Adrenal gland and Secondary sex characteristic
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for something that encloses;: septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
Sex organ
A sex organ, also known as a reproductive organ, is a part of an organism that is involved in sexual reproduction.
See Adrenal gland and Sex organ
Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is unintended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.
See Adrenal gland and Side effect
Smooth muscle
Smooth (soft) muscle is one of the three major types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being skeletal and cardiac muscle.
See Adrenal gland and Smooth muscle
Sodium in biology
Sodium ions are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance.
See Adrenal gland and Sodium in biology
Spinal nerve
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
See Adrenal gland and Spinal nerve
Splanchnic nerves
The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers).
See Adrenal gland and Splanchnic nerves
Steroid hormone
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone.
See Adrenal gland and Steroid hormone
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, commonly referred to as StAR (STARD1), is a transport protein that regulates cholesterol transfer within the mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in the production of steroid hormones.
See Adrenal gland and Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
Stress (biology)
Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.
See Adrenal gland and Stress (biology)
Stretch marks
Stretch marks, also known as striae or striae distensae, are a form of scarring on the skin with an off-color hue.
See Adrenal gland and Stretch marks
Stupor
Stupor is the lack of critical mental function and a level of consciousness, in which an affected person is almost entirely unresponsive and responds only to intense stimuli such as pain.
Superior suprarenal artery
The superior suprarenal artery is an artery in the abdomen.
See Adrenal gland and Superior suprarenal artery
Suprarenal veins
The suprarenal veins are two in number.
See Adrenal gland and Suprarenal veins
Sympathetic ganglia
The sympathetic ganglia, or paravertebral ganglia, are autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system.
See Adrenal gland and Sympathetic ganglia
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
See Adrenal gland and Sympathetic nervous system
Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
See Adrenal gland and Tachycardia
Tadeusz Reichstein
Tadeusz Reichstein (20 July 1897 – 1 August 1996), also known as Tadeus Reichstein, was a Polish-Swiss chemist and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950), which was awarded for his work on the isolation of cortisone.
See Adrenal gland and Tadeusz Reichstein
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males.
See Adrenal gland and Testosterone
Thomas Addison
Thomas Addison (April 179529 June 1860) was an English physician and medical researcher.
See Adrenal gland and Thomas Addison
Thoracic diaphragm
The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.
See Adrenal gland and Thoracic diaphragm
Trabecula
A trabecula (trabeculae, from Latin for 'small beam') is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod that supports or anchors a framework of parts within a body or organ.
See Adrenal gland and Trabecula
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
See Adrenal gland and Tuberculosis
Tunica media
The tunica media (Neo-Latin "middle coat"), or media for short, is the middle tunica (layer) of an artery or vein.
See Adrenal gland and Tunica media
Tyrosine
-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
See Adrenal gland and Tyrosine
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA).
See Adrenal gland and Tyrosine hydroxylase
Ultrafiltration (kidney)
In renal physiology, ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) in the kidneys.
See Adrenal gland and Ultrafiltration (kidney)
Vatican Library
The Vatican Apostolic Library (Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library.
See Adrenal gland and Vatican Library
Vein
Veins are blood vessels in the circulatory system of humans and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart.
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
See Adrenal gland and W. W. Norton & Company
Zona fasciculata
The zona fasciculata (sometimes, fascicular or fasciculate zone) constitutes the middle and also the widest zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa.
See Adrenal gland and Zona fasciculata
Zona glomerulosa
The zona glomerulosa (sometimes, glomerular zone) of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the renal capsule.
See Adrenal gland and Zona glomerulosa
Zona reticularis
The zona reticularis (sometimes, reticulate zone) is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla.
See Adrenal gland and Zona reticularis
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD-11β or 11β-HSD) enzymes catalyze the conversion of inert 11 keto-products (cortisone) to active cortisol, or vice versa, thus regulating the access of glucocorticoids to the steroid receptors.
See Adrenal gland and 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
21-Hydroxylase
Steroid 21-hydroxylase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene.
See Adrenal gland and 21-Hydroxylase
See also
Adrenaline
- Adrenal gland
- Adrenal medulla
- Adrenaline
- Adrenergic cell group C1
- Adrenergic cell group C2
- Adrenergic cell group C3
- Adrenergic cell groups
- Adrenergic receptors
- Epinephrine autoinjector
References
Also known as Adrenal, Adrenal Glands, Adrenal function, Adrenals, Adrenomedullary, Epinephric gland, Glandula adrenalis, Glandula suprarenalis, Glandulae adrenalis, Glandulae suprarenalis, Mammalian adrenal gland, Suprarenal Gland, Suprarenal bodies, Suprarenal glands, Suprarenals.
, Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, Cholesteryl ester, Chromaffin cell, Chromium, Circadian rhythm, Collecting duct system, Coma, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Connective tissue, Corticosteroid, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Cortisol, Cortisone, Crus of diaphragm, CT scan, Cushing's syndrome, Cytochrome P450, Cytosol, Daniel Reisberg, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Dihydrotestosterone, Distal convoluted tubule, Dopamine, Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, Dorsal aorta, Ectoderm, Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, Edward Calvin Kendall, Electrolyte, Embryo, Endocrine disease, Endocrine gland, Endocrine system, Endogeny (biology), Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme, Estrogen, Fatty acid, Feedback, Fertilisation, Fight-or-flight response, Gastrointestinal tract, Gene expression, George Oliver (physician), Georges Phillipe Trousseau, Glucocorticoid, Glucocorticoid deficiency, Gluconeogenesis, Glucose, Gonad, Gonadotropin, Henry Gleitman, Hirsutism, Histology, Hormone, HSD3B2, Human embryonic development, Human genome, Hydrocortisone, Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Hyperpigmentation, Hyperplasia, Hypertension, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, Hypothalamus, Hypovolemic shock, Immune system, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidental imaging finding, Incidental medical findings, Inferior phrenic arteries, Inferior phrenic vein, Inferior suprarenal artery, Inferior vena cava, Inflammation, Intermediate mesoderm, Jean Riolan the Younger, Juxtaglomerular apparatus, Kidney, L-DOPA, Laparoscopy, Latin, Lipofuscin, List of human cell types, Low-density lipoprotein, Lung, Lysosome, Medical emergency, Medical imaging, Mesoderm, Metabolic intermediate, Metabolism, Microsome, Middle suprarenal arteries, Mineralocorticoid, Mitochondrion, Mutation, Neoplasm, Neural crest, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Norepinephrine, Organic compound, Osmoregulation, Osteoblast, Osteoporosis, Palpitations, Periaortic lymph nodes, Phenylalanine, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, Pheochromocytoma, Philip Showalter Hench, Pituitary adenoma, Pituitary gland, Placenta, Potassium, Preganglionic nerve fibers, Pregnenolone, Prenatal development, Primary aldosteronism, Receptor-mediated endocytosis, Renal artery, Renal fascia, Renal plexus, Renal vein, Renin, Renin–angiotensin system, Retroperitoneal space, Secondary sex characteristic, Septum, Sex organ, Side effect, Smooth muscle, Sodium in biology, Spinal nerve, Splanchnic nerves, Steroid hormone, Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, Stress (biology), Stretch marks, Stupor, Superior suprarenal artery, Suprarenal veins, Sympathetic ganglia, Sympathetic nervous system, Tachycardia, Tadeusz Reichstein, Testosterone, Thomas Addison, Thoracic diaphragm, Trabecula, Tuberculosis, Tunica media, Tyrosine, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Ultrafiltration (kidney), Vatican Library, Vein, W. W. Norton & Company, Zona fasciculata, Zona glomerulosa, Zona reticularis, 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 21-Hydroxylase.