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Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Index Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 68 relations: ACTH receptor, Addison's disease, Adenylyl cyclase, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal gland, Adrenal insufficiency, Adrenaline, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication), Adrenoleukodystrophy, Amino acid, Anterior pituitary, Bioavailability, Cholesterol, Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, Circadian rhythm, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Corticotropic cell, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Cortisol, Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Dalton (unit), David Landsborough Thomson, DAVID syndrome, Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, Endopeptidase, Epileptic spasms, Evelyn M. Anderson, G protein-coupled receptor, Glucocorticoid, Glycosylation, Half-life, Hyperpigmentation, Hypopituitarism, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, Hypothalamus, James Collip, Lipoprotein, Melanin, Melanocortin receptor, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Nelson's syndrome, Norepinephrine, Organic compound, Osteoblast, Peptide, Phosphorylation, Physiological Reviews, Pituitary disease, ... Expand index (18 more) »

  2. Anterior pituitary hormones
  3. Melanocortin receptor agonists

ACTH receptor

The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC2 receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and ACTH receptor

Addison's disease

Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Addison's disease

Adenylyl cyclase

Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming).

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adenylyl cyclase

Adrenal cortex

The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenal cortex

Adrenal gland

The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenal gland

Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenaline

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone is used as a medication and as diagnostic agent in the ACTH stimulation test. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication) are melanocortin receptor agonists.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication)

Adrenoleukodystrophy

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a disease linked to the X chromosome.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Adrenoleukodystrophy

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Amino acid

Anterior pituitary

A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Anterior pituitary

Bioavailability

In pharmacology, bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Bioavailability

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Cholesterol

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme is commonly referred to as P450scc, where "scc" is an acronym for side-chain cleavage.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Circadian rhythm

A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Circadian rhythm

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Corticotropic cell

Corticotropic cells, (corticotropes or corticotrophs) are basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary that produce pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), β-lipotropin (β-LPH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Corticotropic cell

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress responses. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone are peptide hormones.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Cortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Cortisol

Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency

Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency is a form of adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients who have blood corticosteroid levels which are inadequate for the severe stress response they experience.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency

Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Cushing's syndrome

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Dalton (unit)

The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (symbols: Da or u) is a non-SI unit of mass defined as of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Dalton (unit)

David Landsborough Thomson

David Landsborough Thomson F.R.S.C., (1901–1964) was a Canadian biochemist, best known for the co-discovery of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adreno-cortical thyroid hormone or ACTH) and as the vice-principal of McGill University.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and David Landsborough Thomson

DAVID syndrome

DAVID syndrome, short for deficient anterior pituitary with variable immune deficiency syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency combined with common variable immunodeficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia, which is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the NFKB2 gene.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and DAVID syndrome

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), also known as dopamine beta-monooxygenase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DBH gene.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

Endopeptidase

Endopeptidase or endoproteinase are proteolytic peptidases that break peptide bonds of nonterminal amino acids (i.e. within the molecule), in contrast to exopeptidases, which break peptide bonds from end-pieces of terminal amino acids.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Endopeptidase

Epileptic spasms

Epileptic spasms is an uncommon-to-rare epileptic disorder in infants, children and adults.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Epileptic spasms

Evelyn M. Anderson

Evelyn M. Anderson (March 20, 1899 – June 8, 1985) was an American physiologist and biochemist, most known for her co-discovery of adrenocorticotropic hormone (adreno-cortical thyroid hormone or ACTH) in 1934.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Evelyn M. Anderson

G protein-coupled receptor

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and G protein-coupled receptor

Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, glucocorticosteroids) are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Glucocorticoid

Glycosylation

Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or 'glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Glycosylation

Half-life

Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Half-life

Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Hyperpigmentation

Hypopituitarism

Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Hypopituitarism

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys).

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus (hypothalami) is a small part of the vertebrate brain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Hypothalamus

James Collip

James Bertram Collip (November 20, 1892 – June 19, 1965) was a Canadian biochemist who was part of the Toronto group which isolated insulin.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and James Collip

Lipoprotein

A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid (also known as fat) molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular fluids.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Lipoprotein

Melanin

Melanin is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Melanin

Melanocortin receptor

Melanocortin receptors are members of the rhodopsin family of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Melanocortin receptor

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

The melanocyte-stimulating hormones, known collectively as MSH, also known as melanotropins or intermedins, are a family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides consisting of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH), and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) that are produced by cells in the pars intermedia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone are anterior pituitary hormones, genes on human chromosome 2, melanocortin receptor agonists and peptide hormones.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Nelson's syndrome

Nelson's syndrome is a disorder that occurs in about one in four patients who have had both adrenal glands removed to treat Cushing's disease.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Nelson's syndrome

Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Norepinephrine

Organic compound

Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Organic compound

Osteoblast

Osteoblasts (from the Greek combining forms for "bone", ὀστέο-, osteo- and βλαστάνω, blastanō "germinate") are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Osteoblast

Peptide

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Peptide

Phosphorylation

In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Phosphorylation

Physiological Reviews

Physiological Reviews is a journal published quarterly by the American Physiological Society which has been published since 1921.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Physiological Reviews

Pituitary disease

A pituitary disease is a disorder primarily affecting the pituitary gland.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Pituitary disease

Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an endocrine gland in vertebrates.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Pituitary gland

Post-translational modification

In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Post-translational modification

Postorgasmic illness syndrome

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a syndrome in which human males have chronic physical and cognitive symptoms following ejaculation.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Postorgasmic illness syndrome

Proopiomelanocortin

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor polypeptide with 241 amino acid residues. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Proopiomelanocortin are genes on human chromosome 2.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Proopiomelanocortin

Protein kinase A

In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Protein kinase A

Residue (chemistry)

Within the sciences residue is a complex concept with multiple meanings.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Residue (chemistry)

Semax

Semax is a drug which is used mostly in Russia for a broad range of conditions but predominantly for its purported nootropic, neuroprotective, and neurorestorative properties.

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Small-cell carcinoma

Small-cell carcinoma is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Small-cell carcinoma

Structural analog

A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Structural analog

The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Time (magazine)

Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Transcription (biology)

Translation (biology)

In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Translation (biology)

Tropic hormone

Tropic hormones are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Tropic hormone are anterior pituitary hormones.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Tropic hormone

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA).

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Tyrosine hydroxylase

University of Pittsburgh

The University of Pittsburgh (also known as Pitt) is a public state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and University of Pittsburgh

Vascular endothelial growth factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by many cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Vascular endothelial growth factor

Zona fasciculata

The zona fasciculata (sometimes, fascicular or fasciculate zone) constitutes the middle and also the widest zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa.

See Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Zona fasciculata

See also

Anterior pituitary hormones

Melanocortin receptor agonists

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone

Also known as ACTH, ATC code H01AA01, ATCvet code QH01AA01, Acethropan, Acortan, Adrenocorticoid hormone, Adrenocorticoitropic hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Adrenocorticotropic, Adrenocorticotropin, Athcar, Athcar gel, Corticotrophin, Corticotropic, Corticotropin, Corticotropin zinc hydroxide, Corticotropin-zinc hydroxide, Exacthin, H.P. Acthar Gel, Isactid, Pituitary acth hypersecretion, Purified cortrophin gel, Reacthin, Solacthyl, Synthetic acth.

, Pituitary gland, Post-translational modification, Postorgasmic illness syndrome, Proopiomelanocortin, Protein kinase A, Residue (chemistry), Semax, Small-cell carcinoma, Structural analog, The Lancet, Time (magazine), Transcription (biology), Translation (biology), Tropic hormone, Tyrosine hydroxylase, University of Pittsburgh, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Zona fasciculata.