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101 relations: Apple, Asparagus, Auxin, Banyan, Basal shoot, Biomass, Bryophyllum daigremontianum, Bud, Callus (cell biology), Cambium, Cell (biology), Cell cycle, Cellular differentiation, Cirsium arvense, Cloning, Coleus, Coppicing, Cotyledon, Crassula, Cutting (plant), Dahlia, Developmental biology, Differential centrifugation, Embryo, Emergence, Epipremnum aureum, Evolutionary history of plants, Fertilisation, Flowering plant, Gene expression, Gene product, Germination, Gibberellin, Gravitropism, Gynoecium, Heteroblasty (botany), Horseradish, Hydrotropism, Hypoxia (environmental), Inflorescence, Layering, Leaf, Maize, Meristem, Microarray analysis techniques, Mitosis, Molecular genetics, Momordica charantia, Northern blot, Pando (tree), ..., Parenchyma, Perianth, Petal, Petunia, Phloem, Phototropism, Phyllotaxis, Physiology, Plant hormone, Plant stem, Plant tissue culture, Poinsettia, Pollination, Pollinator, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Populus, Populus tremuloides, Portulaca, Primordium, Pruning, Riparian zone, Rose, Saintpaulia, Scientific modelling, Secondary growth, Sedum, Seed, Seedling, Sepal, Sequoia sempervirens, Sexual reproduction, Shoot, Species, Stamen, Stimulus (physiology), Succulent plant, Sugarcane, Sweet potato, Thigmotropism, Tolmiea menziesii, Tree, Turmeric, Vascular bundle, Vascular cambium, Vascular plant, Vegetative phase change, Vegetative reproduction, Western blot, Whorl (botany), Xylem, Zygote. Expand index (51 more) »
Apple
An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).
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Asparagus
Asparagus, or garden asparagus, folk name sparrow grass, scientific name Asparagus officinalis, is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus.
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Auxin
Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.
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Banyan
A banyan, also spelled "banian", is a fig that begins its life as an epiphyte, i.e. a plant that grows on another plant, when its seed germinates in a crack or crevice of a host tree or edifice.
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Basal shoot
Basal shoots, root sprouts, adventitious shoots, water sprouts and suckers are various types of shoots which grow from a bud at the base of a tree or shrub or from adventitious buds in its roots.
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Biomass
Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.
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Bryophyllum daigremontianum
Bryophyllum daigremontianum, commonly called devil’s backbone, mother of thousands, alligator plant, or Mexican hat plant is a succulent plant native to Madagascar.
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Bud
In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a stem.
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Callus (cell biology)
Plant callus (plural calluses or calli) is a growing mass of unorganized plant parenchyma cells.
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Cambium
A cambium (plural cambia or cambiums), in botany, is a tissue layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
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Cirsium arvense
Cirsium arvense is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced elsewhere.
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Cloning
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.
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Coleus
Coleus is a former genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae.
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Coppicing
Coppicing is a traditional method of woodland management which exploits the capacity of many species of trees to put out new shoots from their stump or roots if cut down.
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Cotyledon
A cotyledon ("seed leaf" from Latin cotyledon, from Greek: κοτυληδών kotylēdōn, gen.: κοτυληδόνος kotylēdonos, from κοτύλη ''kotýlē'' "cup, bowl") is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant, and is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "The primary leaf in the embryo of the higher plants (Phanerogams); the seed-leaf." Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling.
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Crassula
Crassula is a genus of succulent plants containing about 1480 accepted species, including the popular jade plant (Crassula ovata).
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Cutting (plant)
A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation.
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Dahlia
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico.
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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Differential centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is a common procedure in microbiology and cytology used to separate certain organelles from whole cells for further analysis of specific parts of cells.
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Embryo
An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.
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Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts," meaning the whole has properties its parts do not have.
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Epipremnum aureum
Epipremnum aureum is a species of flowering plant in the family of Araceae, native in Mo'orea, French Polynesia.
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Evolutionary history of plants
The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats, through multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms of today.
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Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.
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Flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Gene product
A gene product is the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from expression of a gene.
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Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.
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Gibberellin
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development and leaf and fruit senescence.
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Gravitropism
Gravitropism (also known as geotropism) is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it.
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Gynoecium
Gynoecium (from Ancient Greek γυνή, gyne, meaning woman, and οἶκος, oikos, meaning house) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.
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Heteroblasty (botany)
Heteroblasty is significant and abrupt change in form and function that occurs over the lifespan of certain plants.
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Horseradish
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, and cabbage).
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Hydrotropism
Hydrotropism (hydro- "water"; tropism "involuntary orientation by an organism, that involves turning or curving as a positive or negative response to a stimulus") is a plant's growth response in which the direction of growth is determined by a stimulus or gradient in water concentration.
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Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions.
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Inflorescence
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.
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Layering
Layering has evolved as a common means of vegetative propagation of numerous species in natural environments.
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Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.
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Maize
Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.
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Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.
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Microarray analysis techniques
Microarray analysis techniques are used in interpreting the data generated from experiments on DNA, RNA, and protein microarrays, which allow researchers to investigate the expression state of a large number of genes - in many cases, an organism's entire genome - in a single experiment.
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Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
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Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.
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Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia, known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, bitter squash, or balsam-pear, is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit.
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Northern blot
The northern blot, or RNA blot,Gilbert, S. F. (2000) Developmental Biology, 6th Ed.
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Pando (tree)
Pando (Latin for "spread out"), also known as the Trembling Giant, is a clonal colony of an individual male quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) determined to be a single living organism by identical genetic markers and assumed to have one massive underground root system.
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Parenchyma
Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance.
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Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals).
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Petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers.
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Petunia
Petunia is genus of 20 species of flowering plants of South American origin.
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Phloem
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed.
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Phototropism
Phototropism is the growth of an organism which responds to a light stimulus.
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Phyllotaxis
In botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem (from Ancient Greek phýllon "leaf" and táxis "arrangement").
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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Plant hormone
Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth.
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Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.
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Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.
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Poinsettia
The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is a commercially important plant species of the diverse spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
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Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
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Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized).
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Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–35 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere.
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Populus tremuloides
Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name aspen.
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Portulaca
Portulaca (purslane) is the type genus of the flowering plant family Portulacaceae, comprising about 40-100 species found in the tropics and warm temperate regions.
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Primordium
A primordium (plural: primordia; synonym: anlage) in embryology, is defined as an organ or tissue in its earliest recognizable stage of development.
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Pruning
Pruning is a horticultural and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.
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Riparian zone
A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream.
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Rose
A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.
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Saintpaulia
Saintpaulias, commonly known as African violets, are a genus of 6–20 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, native to Tanzania and adjacent southeastern Kenya in eastern tropical Africa.
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Scientific modelling
Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge.
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Secondary growth
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate, and gives rise to primary tissue.
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Sedum
Sedum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops.
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Seed
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.
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Seedling
A seedling is a young plant sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed.
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Sepal
A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants).
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Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 is the sole living species of the genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae).
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Shoot
In botany, shoots consist of stems including their appendages, the leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems and flower buds.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Stamen
The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
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Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment.
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Succulent plant
In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents, are plants that have some parts that are more than normally thickened and fleshy, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions.
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Sugarcane
Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.
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Sweet potato
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.
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Thigmotropism
Thigmotropism is a directional growth movement which occurs as a mechanosensory response to a touch stimulus.
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Tolmiea menziesii
The plant Tolmiea menziesii is a member of the genus Tolmiea.
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Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species.
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Turmeric
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae.
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Vascular bundle
A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants.
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Vascular cambium
The vascular cambium is the main growth layer in the stems and roots of many plants, specifically in dicots such as buttercups and oak trees, and gymnosperms such as pine trees.
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Vascular plant
Vascular plants (from Latin vasculum: duct), also known as tracheophytes (from the equivalent Greek term trachea) and also higher plants, form a large group of plants (c. 308,312 accepted known species) that are defined as those land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
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Vegetative phase change
Vegetative phase change is the juvenile-to-adult transition in plants.
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Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or vegetative cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure.
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Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used in molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
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Whorl (botany)
In botany, a whorl or verticil is an arrangement of sepals, petals, leaves, stipules or branches that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem.
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Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the other.
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Zygote
A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_development
