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Pneumothorax

Index Pneumothorax

A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. [1]

195 relations: Acute (medicine), Air travel, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Altered level of consciousness, Ambient pressure, Ambulatory care, Anatomy, Ankylosing spondylitis, Apex beat, Asthma, Atelectasis, Atmospheric pressure, Axilla, Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu, Barotrauma, Biopsy, Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome, Birth defect, Blast injury, Bleb (medicine), Blood, Blood pressure, Blunt trauma, British Thoracic Society, Bronchiole, Cancer, Cannabis, Cannula, Cardiac arrest, Cardiac output, Cardiothoracic surgery, Carlo Forlanini, Centimetre of water, Central venous catheter, Check valve, Chest (journal), Chest pain, Chest radiograph, Chest tube, Chromosome 17, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Coma, Confusion, Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, Connective tissue disease, Conservative management, Correlation and dependence, CT scan, Current Opinion (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), Cyanosis, ..., Cyst, Cystic fibrosis, Decompression sickness, Deep sulcus sign, Dermatomyositis, Diving chamber, Doxycycline, Dressing (medical), Echinococcosis, Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, Emergency medical technician, Emergency Medicine Journal, Endometriosis, Epigastrium, European Respiratory Journal, Evidence-based medicine, Family history (medicine), Fatigue, Flutter valve, Focused assessment with sonography for trauma, Folliculin, Foreign body, Fremitus, French catheter scale, Gene, Gunshot wound, Haplotype, Heart rate, Hemopneumothorax, Hemothorax, HIV/AIDS, Homocystinuria, Human leukocyte antigen, Hydropneumothorax, Hyperbaric medicine, Hypercapnia, Hypotension, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia (medical), Iatrogenesis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Incidence (epidemiology), Inflammation, Injury, Interstitial lung disease, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, John Benjamin Murphy, Jugular venous pressure, Karger Publishers, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Lesion, Local anesthetic, Lung, Lung cancer, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Marfan syndrome, Measles, Mechanical ventilation, Mediastinal shift, Mediastinum, Medical emergency, Medical imaging, Medical ultrasound, Menstrual cycle, Microorganism, Minocycline, Modes of mechanical ventilation, Myocardial infarction, Necrosis, Non-invasive ventilation, Oxygen, Oxygen saturation (medicine), Parenchyma, Patient, Pectoralis major, Penetrating trauma, Percussion (medicine), Perfusion, Physical examination, Pleural cavity, Pleurodesis, Pneumatosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Pneumonia, Polymyositis, Port (medical), Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary pleurae, Pulmonology, René Laennec, Respiration (physiology), Respiratory arrest, Respiratory disease, Respiratory failure, Respiratory rate, Respiratory sounds, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rib fracture, Root of the lung, Sarcoidosis, Sarcoma, Scuba diving, Sedation, Seldinger technique, Sensitivity and specificity, Serous fluid, Shock (circulatory), Shortness of breath, Smoking, Smoking cessation, Spirometry, Stabbing, Sternum, Stethoscope, Surgery, Syringe, Systemic scleroderma, Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Talc, Tetracycline, The BMJ, The Lancet, Thoracic cavity, Thoracic diaphragm, Thoracic wall, Thoracoscopy, Thoracotomy, Thorax, Thorax (journal), Tidal volume, Tissue (biology), Tobacco, Trachea, Trap (plumbing), Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis management, Ultrasound, Underwater diving, Veterinary physician, Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, Vocal resonation, X-ray. Expand index (145 more) »

Acute (medicine)

In medicine, describing a disease as acute denotes that it is of short duration and, as a corollary of that, of recent onset.

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Air travel

Air travel is a form of travel in vehicles such as helicopters, hot air balloons, blimps, gliders, hang gliding, parachuting, airplanes, jets, or anything else that can sustain flight.

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Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease.

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Altered level of consciousness

An altered level of consciousness is any measure of arousal other than normal.

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Ambient pressure

The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, in contact with the object.

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Ambulatory care

Ambulatory care or outpatient care is medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services.

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Anatomy

Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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Ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis in which there is long term inflammation of the joints of the spine.

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Apex beat

The apex beat (lat. ictus cordis), also called the apical impulse, is the pulse felt at the point of maximum impulse (PMI), which is the point on the precordium farthest outwards (laterally) and downwards (inferiorly) from the sternum at which the cardiac impulse can be felt.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Atelectasis

Atelectasis is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.

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Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).

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Axilla

The axilla (also, armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder.

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Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu

Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385–1468) (Ottoman Turkish: شرف الدّین صابونجی اوغلی) was a medieval Ottoman surgeon and physician.

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Barotrauma

Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or in contact with the body, and the surrounding gas or fluid.

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Biopsy

A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist involving extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease.

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Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome

Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD), also Hornstein–Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome, Hornstein–Knickenberg syndrome, and fibrofolliculomas with trichodiscomas and acrochordons is a human autosomal dominant genetic disorder that can cause susceptibility to kidney cancer, renal and pulmonary cysts, and noncancerous tumors of the hair follicles, called fibrofolliculomas.

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Blast injury

A blast injury is a complex type of physical trauma resulting from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion.

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Bleb (medicine)

In medicine, a bleb is a blister (often hemispherical) filled with serous fluid.

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Blood

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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Blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.

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Blunt trauma

Blunt trauma, blunt injury, non-penetrating trauma or blunt force trauma is physical trauma to a body part, either by impact, injury or physical attack.

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British Thoracic Society

The British Thoracic Society (BTS) was formed in 1982 by the amalgamation of the British Thoracic Association and the Thoracic Society.

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Bronchiole

The bronchioles or bronchioli are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs, in which branches no longer contain cartilage or glands in their submucosa.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Cannabis

Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae.

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Cannula

A cannula (from Latin "little reed"; plural cannulae or cannulas) is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of data.

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Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.

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Cardiac output

Cardiac output (CO, also denoted by the symbols Q and \dot Q_), is a term used in cardiac physiology that describes the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by the left or right ventricle, per unit time.

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Cardiothoracic surgery

Cardiothoracic surgery (also known as thoracic surgery) is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thorax (the chest)—generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease) and lungs (lung disease).

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Carlo Forlanini

Carlo Forlanini (11 June 1847 – 26 May 1918) was an Italian physician.

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Centimetre of water

A centimetre of water (US spelling centimeter of water, abbreviated cm or cm H2O) is a less commonly used unit of pressure derived from pressure head calculations using metrology.

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Central venous catheter

A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line, central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein.

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Check valve

A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.

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Chest (journal)

Chest is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering chest diseases and related issues, including pulmonology, cardiology, thoracic surgery, transplantation, breathing, airway diseases, and emergency medicine.

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Chest pain

Chest pain is pain in any region of the chest.

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Chest radiograph

A chest radiograph, colloquially called a chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film, is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures.

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Chest tube

A chest tube (chest drain, thoracic catheter, tube thoracostomy, or intercostal drain) is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space or mediastinum.

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Chromosome 17

Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.

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Coma

Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awaken; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions.

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Confusion

Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, from confundere: "to pour together;" "to mingle together;" "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something.

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Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration.

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Connective tissue disease

A connective tissue disease is any disease that has the connective tissues of the body as a target of pathology.

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Conservative management

Conservative management is a type of medical treatment defined by the avoidance of invasive measures such as surgery or other invasive procedures, usually with the intent to preserve function or body parts.

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Correlation and dependence

In statistics, dependence or association is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

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CT scan

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

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Current Opinion (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)

Current Opinion is a series of medical journals published by Wolters Kluwer imprint Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Cyanosis

Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.

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Cyst

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue.

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Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.

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Decompression sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS; also known as divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, or caisson disease) describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurisation.

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Deep sulcus sign

In radiology, the deep sulcus sign on a supine chest radiograph is an indirect indicator of a pneumothorax.

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Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long term inflammatory disorder which affects muscles.

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Diving chamber

A diving chamber is a vessel for human occupation, which may have an entrance that can be sealed to hold an internal pressure significantly higher than ambient pressure, a pressurised gas system to control the internal pressure, and a supply of breathing gas for the occupants.

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Doxycycline

Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of a number of types of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa.

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Dressing (medical)

A dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm.

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Echinococcosis

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the Echinococcus type.

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Ehlers–Danlos syndromes

Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of genetic connective tissue disorders.

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Emergency medical technician

Emergency medical technician (EMT) and ambulance technician are terms used in some countries to denote a health care provider of emergency medical services.

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Emergency Medicine Journal

The Emergency Medicine Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that is jointly owned by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) and the BMJ Group.

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Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grows outside of it.

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Epigastrium

In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen.

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European Respiratory Journal

The European Respiratory Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering respirology.

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Evidence-based medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to medical practice intended to optimize decision-making by emphasizing the use of evidence from well-designed and well-conducted research.

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Family history (medicine)

In medicine, a family history (FH or FHx) consists of information about disorders from which the direct blood relatives of the patient have suffered.

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Fatigue

Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.

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Flutter valve

A flutter valve (also known as the Heimlich valve after its inventor, Henry Heimlich) is a one-way valve used in respiratory medicine to prevent air from travelling back along a chest tube.

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Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (commonly abbreviated as FAST) is a rapid bedside ultrasound examination performed by surgeons, emergency physicians and certain paramedics as a screening test for blood around the heart (pericardial effusion) or abdominal organs (hemoperitoneum) after trauma.

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Folliculin

Folliculin also known as FLCN, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome protein or FLCN_HUMAN is a protein that in humans is associated with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and hereditary spontaneous pneumothorax.

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Foreign body

In the field of medicine, a foreign body, sometimes known as FB (Latin: corpus alienum), is any object originating outside the body of an organism.

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Fremitus

Fremitus is a vibration transmitted through the body.

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French catheter scale

The French scale or French gauge system is commonly used to measure the size of a catheter.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gunshot wound

A gunshot wound (GSW), also known as ballistic trauma, is a form of physical trauma sustained from the discharge of arms or munitions.

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Haplotype

A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.

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Heart rate

Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).

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Hemopneumothorax

Hemopneumothorax, or haemopneumothorax, is a medical term describing the combination of two conditions: pneumothorax, or air in the chest cavity, and hemothorax (also called hæmothorax), or blood in the chest cavity.

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Hemothorax

A hemothorax is a type of pleural effusion in which blood accumulates in the pleural cavity.

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HIV/AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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Homocystinuria

Classical homocystinuria, also known as cystathionine beta synthase deficiency or CBS deficiency, is an inherited disorder of the metabolism of the amino acid methionine due to a deficiency of cystathionine beta synthase.

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Human leukocyte antigen

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans.

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Hydropneumothorax

Hydropneumothorax is defined as the presence of both air and fluid within the pleural space.

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Hyperbaric medicine

Hyperbaric medicine is medical treatment in which an ambient pressure greater than sea level atmospheric pressure is a necessary component.

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Hypercapnia

Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.

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Hypotension

Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.

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Hypoxemia

Hypoxemia (or hypoxaemia in British English) is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.

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Hypoxia (medical)

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.

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Iatrogenesis

Iatrogenesis (from the Greek for "brought forth by the healer") refers to any effect on a person resulting from any activity of one or more persons acting as healthcare professionals or promoting products or services as beneficial to health that does not support a goal of the person affected.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of chronic lung disease characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function.

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Incidence (epidemiology)

Incidence in epidemiology is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Injury

Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force.

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Interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is a group of lung diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs).

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Jean Marc Gaspard Itard

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (24 April 1774, Oraison, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 5 July 1838, Paris) was a French physician born in Provence.

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John Benjamin Murphy

John Benjamin Murphy, born John Murphy (December 21, 1857 in Appleton, Wisconsin – August 11, 1916 Mackinac Island, Michigan), was an American physician and abdominal surgeon noted for advocating early surgical intervention in appendicitis appendectomy, and several eponyms: Murphy’s button,Griffith, B.; Yao, J.(2000) Journal of the American College of Surgeons Volume 191, Issue 4, Pages 419 - 434.

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Jugular venous pressure

The jugular venous pressure (JVP, sometimes referred to as jugular venous pulse) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein.

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Karger Publishers

Karger Publishers (also: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, S. Karger AG) is an academic publisher of scientific and medical journals and books.

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Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes.

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Latissimus dorsi muscle

The latissimus dorsi is a large, flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm, and is partly covered by the trapezius on the back near the midline.

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Lesion

A lesion is any abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.

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Local anesthetic

A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes reversible absence of pain sensation, although other senses are often affected, as well.

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Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.

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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive and systemic disease that typically results in cystic lung destruction.

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Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.

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Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus.

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Mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is the medical term for artificial ventilation where mechanical means is used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by an anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, physician, physician assistant, respiratory therapist, paramedic, EMT, or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows. Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument penetrating the trachea through the mouth, such as an endotracheal tube or the skin, such as a tracheostomy tube. There are two main types: positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea, and negative pressure ventilation, where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs. There are many modes of mechanical ventilation, and their nomenclature has been revised over the decades as the technology has continually developed.

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Mediastinal shift

Mediastinal shift is the deviation of the mediastinal structures towards one side of the chest cavity, usually seen on chest radiograph.

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Mediastinum

The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.

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Medical emergency

A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health.

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Medical imaging

Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).

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Medical ultrasound

Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.

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Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Minocycline

Minocycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, and has a broader spectrum than the other members of the group.

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Modes of mechanical ventilation

Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation.

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Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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Necrosis

Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.

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Non-invasive ventilation

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the use of airway support administered through a face (nasal) mask instead of an endotracheal tube.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Oxygen saturation (medicine)

Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood.

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Parenchyma

Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance.

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Patient

A patient is any recipient of health care services.

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Pectoralis major

The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest (anterior) of the human body.

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Penetrating trauma

Penetrating trauma is an injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating an open wound.

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Percussion (medicine)

Percussion is a method of tapping on a surface to determine the underlying structure, and is used in clinical examinations to assess the condition of the thorax or abdomen.

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Perfusion

Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue, usually referring to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue.

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Physical examination

A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.

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Pleural cavity

The pleural cavity is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (known as visceral and parietal) of each lung.

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Pleurodesis

Pleurodesis is a medical procedure in which the pleural space is artificially obliterated.

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Pneumatosis

Pneumatosis (pneumat- + -osis) or emphysema is the abnormal presence of air or other gas within tissues.

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Pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia that is caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Polymyositis

Polymyositis (PM) is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.

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Port (medical)

In medicine, a port is a small medical appliance that is installed beneath the skin.

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Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs.

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Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism).

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Pulmonary pleurae

The pulmonary pleurae (sing. pleura) are the two pleurae of the invaginated sac surrounding each lung and attaching to the thoracic cavity.

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Pulmonology

Pulmonology is a medical speciality that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract.

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René Laennec

René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laennec (17 February 1781 – 13 August 1826) was a French physician.

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Respiration (physiology)

In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

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Respiratory arrest

Respiratory arrest is caused by apnea (cessation of breathing) due to failure of the lungs to function effectively.

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Respiratory disease

Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms, and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.

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Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both cannot be kept at normal levels.

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Respiratory rate

The respiratory rate is the rate at which breathing occurs.

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Respiratory sounds

Respiratory sounds, breath sounds, or lung sounds refer to the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral chacteristics of lung sounds. These include normal breath sounds and adventitious or "added" sounds such as rales, wheezes, pleural friction rubs, stertor and stridor. Description and classification of the sounds usually involve auscultation of the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the breath cycle, noting both the pitch (typically described as low, medium or high) and intensity (soft, medium, loud or very loud) of the sounds heard.

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Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.

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Rib fracture

A rib fracture is a break in a rib bone.

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Root of the lung

The root of the lung is located at the hilum of each lung, just above the middle of the mediastinal surface and behind the cardiac impression of the lung.

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Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas.

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Sarcoma

A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.

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Scuba diving

Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.

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Sedation

Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.

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Seldinger technique

The Seldinger technique, also known as Seldinger wire technique, is a medical procedure to obtain safe access to blood vessels and other hollow organs.

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Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.

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Serous fluid

In physiology, the term serous fluid or serosal fluid (originating from the Medieval Latin word serosus, from Latin serum) is any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow and transparent and of a benign nature.

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Shock (circulatory)

Shock is the state of low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.

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Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.

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Smoking

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

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Smoking cessation

Smoking cessation (also known as quitting smoking or simply quitting) is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking.

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Spirometry

Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs).

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Stabbing

A stabbing is penetration with a sharp or pointed object at close range.

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Sternum

The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest.

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Stethoscope

The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of an animal or human body.

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Surgery

Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via chirurgiae, meaning "hand work") is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.

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Syringe

A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes it's actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel.

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Systemic scleroderma

Systemic scleroderma, also called diffuse scleroderma or systemic sclerosis, is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue.

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

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Tachypnea

Tachypnea or tachypnoea is abnormally rapid breathing.

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Talc

Talc or talcum is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2.

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Tetracycline

Tetracycline, sold under the brand name Sumycin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections.

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The BMJ

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.

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Thoracic cavity

The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia).

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Thoracic diaphragm

For other uses, see Diaphragm (disambiguation). The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.

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Thoracic wall

The thoracic wall or chest wall is the boundary of the thoracic cavity.

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Thoracoscopy

Thoracoscopy is a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity.

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Thoracotomy

A thoracotomy is an incision into the pleural space of the chest.

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Thorax

The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ thorax "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via thorax) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

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Thorax (journal)

Thorax is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal specialising in both clinical and experimental research articles on respiratory medicine as well as paediatrics, immunology, pharmacology, pathology, and surgery.

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Tidal volume

Tidal volume (symbol VT or TV) is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.

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Trachea

The trachea, colloquially called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs.

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Trap (plumbing)

In plumbing, a trap is a device which has a shape that uses a bending path to capture water to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings, while allowing waste to pass through.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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Tuberculosis management

Tuberculosis management refers to the medical treatment of the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB).

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.

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Underwater diving

Underwater diving, as a human activity, is the practice of descending below the water's surface to interact with the environment.

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Veterinary physician

A veterinary physician, usually called a vet, which is shortened from veterinarian (American English) or veterinary surgeon (British English), is a professional who practices veterinary medicine by treating diseases, disorders, and injuries in animals.

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Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a type of thoracic surgery performed using a small video camera that is introduced into the patient's chest via small incisions.

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Vocal resonation

McKinney defines vocal resonance as "the process by which the basic product of phonation is enhanced in timbre and/or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air." Throughout the vocal literature, various terms related to resonation are used, including: amplification, filtering, enrichment, enlargement, improvement, intensification, and prolongation.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Aerothorax, Ball valve effect, Ball-valve effect, Catamenial Pneumothorax, Closed pneumothorax, Collapsed Lung, Collapsed lung, Collapsed lungs, Deflated lung, Lung Endometriosis, Lung collapse, Lungs collapsed, Nemothorax, Occult pneumothorax, Open pneumothorax, Pnemothorax, Pneumothoraces, Pneumothorax, artificial, Punctured lung, Spontaneous pneumothorax, Sucking chest wound, Tension pneumothorax, Traumatic pneumothorax.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax

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