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64 relations: Ahmed III, Al-Muntafiq, Aleppo, Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad), Arabic, Baban, Baghdad, Baghdad Eyalet, Basra, Basra Eyalet, Bubonic plague, Cambridge University Press, Christianity, Constantinople, Dawud Pasha of Baghdad, East India Company, Egypt Eyalet, Encyclopædia Britannica, Europe, Eyalet, Georgian language, Georgians, Grand vizier, Hillah, History of Iraq, Iraqis, Islam, Jalili dynasty, Janissaries, Judaism, Karim Khan Zand, Kurds, Kurds in Iraq, List of Ottoman governors of Baghdad, Mahmud II, Mamluk, Mamluk dynasty (Iraq), Mandaeism, Medina, Mesopotamian Arabic, Mosul Eyalet, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Najaf, Naji Shawkat, Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Iraq, Ottoman Syria, Ottoman Turkish language, Pasha, ..., Pearson Education, Prime Minister of Iraq, Safavid dynasty, Said Pasha of Baghdad, Shahrizor Eyalet, Sheikh, Shiraz, Sublime Porte, Sulaymaniyah, SUNY Press, Syrian Desert, Tulip period, Wali, World War I. Expand index (14 more) »
Ahmed III
Ahmed III (Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث, Aḥmed-i sālis) (30/31 December 16731 July 1736) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–87).
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Al-Muntafiq
Al-Muntafiq (المنتفق) is a large Arab tribal confederation of southern and central Iraq.
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Aleppo
Aleppo (ﺣﻠﺐ / ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, serving as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most-populous Syrian governorate.
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Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad)
Ali Rıza Pasha (sometimes spelled Ali Ridha Pasha) led the Ottoman army in 1831 against the mamluk governor in Baghdad after Dawud Pasha refused to give up his office.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Baban
The house of Baban (1649–1850) ruled a Kurdish principality which encompassed areas of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan and western Iran from the early 17th century until 1850.
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Baghdad
Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.
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Baghdad Eyalet
Baghdad Eyalet (ایالت بغداد; Eyālet-i Baġdād) was an Iraqi eyalet of the Ottoman Empire centered on Baghdad.
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Basra
Basra (البصرة al-Baṣrah), is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab between Kuwait and Iran.
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Basra Eyalet
Basra Eyalet (ایالت بصره; Eyālet-i Baṣrâ) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Christianity
ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Dawud Pasha of Baghdad
Dawūd Pasha (داود باشا; დაუდ ფაშა; Davud Pasha) (c.1767-1851), who was born in Tbilisi, Georgia of Georgian Christian origin, His full name was (დავით მანველაშვილი; Davit Giorgis Manvelashvili), was the last Mamluk ruler of Iraq, from c.1816 to 1831.
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East India Company
The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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Egypt Eyalet
The Eyalet of Egypt was the result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517) and the absorption of Syria into the Empire in 1516.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Eyalet
Eyalets (ایالت,, English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
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Georgian language
Georgian (ქართული ენა, translit.) is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians.
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Georgians
The Georgians or Kartvelians (tr) are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia.
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Grand vizier
In the Ottoman Empire, the Grand Vizier (Sadrazam) was the prime minister of the Ottoman sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissible only by the sultan himself.
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Hillah
Hillah (الحلة al-Ḥillah), also spelled Hilla, is a city in central Iraq on the Hilla branch of the Euphrates River, south of Baghdad.
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History of Iraq
The territory of the modern state of Iraq was defined in 1920 as Mandatory Iraq.
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Iraqis
The Iraqi people (Arabic: العراقيون ʿIrāqiyyūn, Kurdish: گهلی عیراق Îraqîyan, ܥܡܐ ܥܝܪܩܝܐ ʿIrāqāyā, Iraklılar) are the citizens of the modern country of Iraq. Arabs have had a large presence in Mesopotamia since the Sasanian Empire (224–637). Arabic was spoken by the majority in the Kingdom of Araba in the first and second centuries, and by Arabs in al-Hirah from the third century. Arabs were common in Mesopotamia at the time of the Seleucid Empire (3rd century BC).Ramirez-Faria, 2007, p. 33. The first Arab kingdom outside Arabia was established in Iraq's Al-Hirah in the third century. Arabic was a minority language in northern Iraq in the eighth century BC, from the eighth century following the Muslim conquest of Persia, it became the dominant language of Iraqi Muslims because Arabic was the language of the Quran and of the Abbasid Caliphate. Kurds who are Iraqi citizens live in the Zagros Mountains of northeast Iraq to the east of the upper Tigris. Arabic and Kurdish are Iraq's national languages.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Jalili dynasty
The al-Jalili family (Arabic: الجليلي), are an Iraqi family who served as effective rulers of the city of Mosul, Iraq between 1726 until 1834, during its integration as a district of the Ottoman Empire.
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Janissaries
The Janissaries (يڭيچرى, meaning "new soldier") were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards and the first modern standing army in Europe.
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Judaism
Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.
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Karim Khan Zand
Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (Mohammad Karīm Khān-e Zand), better known as Karim Khan Zand (کریم خان زند), was the founder of the Zand Dynasty and the Shah of Iran, ruling from 1751 to 1779.
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Kurds
The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).
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Kurds in Iraq
Kurds in Iraq (کوردانی باشووری کوردستان / کوردانی عێڕاق.) are people born in or residing in Iraq who are of Kurdish origin.
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List of Ottoman governors of Baghdad
No description.
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Mahmud II
Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثانى Mahmud-u sānī, محمود عدلى Mahmud-u Âdlî) (İkinci Mahmut) (20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
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Mamluk
Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), meaning "property", also transliterated as mamlouk, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) is an Arabic designation for slaves.
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Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)
The Mamluk dynasty of Iraq (Arabic: مماليك العراق) was a dynasty which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
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Mandaeism
Mandaeism or Mandaeanism (مندائية) is a gnostic religion with a strongly dualistic worldview.
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Medina
Medina (المدينة المنورة,, "the radiant city"; or المدينة,, "the city"), also transliterated as Madīnah, is a city in the Hejaz region of the Arabian Peninsula and administrative headquarters of the Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia.
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Mesopotamian Arabic
Mesopotamian Arabic, or Iraqi Arabic, is a continuum of mutually-intelligible varieties of Arabic native to the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq as well as spanning into Syria, Iran, southeastern Turkey, and spoken in Iraqi diaspora communities.
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Mosul Eyalet
Mosul Eyalet (ایالت موصل; Eyālet-i Mūṣul) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
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Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval.
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Najaf
Najaf (اَلـنَّـجَـف; BGN: An-Najaf) or An Najaf Al Ashraf (النّجف الأشرف) is a city in central-south Iraq about 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad.
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Naji Shawkat
Muhammad Naji Shawkat Bey (ناجي شوكت) (1893 – May 11, 1980) was an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq under King Faisal I.
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Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha
Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1666 – October 16, 1730) served as Grand Vizier for Sultan Ahmed III of the Ottoman Empire during the Tulip period.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Ottoman Iraq
Ottoman Iraq refers to the period of the history of Iraq when the region was ruled by the Ottoman Empire (1534–1704 and 1831–1920).
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Ottoman Syria
Ottoman Syria refers to the parts of modern-day Syria or of Greater Syria which were subjected to Ottoman rule, anytime between the Ottoman conquests on the Mamluk Sultanate in the early 16th century and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1922.
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Ottoman Turkish language
Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlı Türkçesi), or the Ottoman language (Ottoman Turkish:, lisân-ı Osmânî, also known as, Türkçe or, Türkî, "Turkish"; Osmanlıca), is the variety of the Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire.
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Pasha
Pasha or Paşa (پاشا, paşa), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries and others.
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Pearson Education
Pearson Education (see also Pearson PLC) is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well as directly to students.
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Prime Minister of Iraq
The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government.
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Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.
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Said Pasha of Baghdad
Said Pasha (سعيد باشا, საიდ ფაშა) was the Mamluk ruler of Iraq between 1813 and 1816.
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Shahrizor Eyalet
Shahrizor Eyalet (ایالت شهر زور; Eyālet-i Šehr-i Zōr) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire covering the area of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan.
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Sheikh
Sheikh (pronounced, or; شيخ, mostly pronounced, plural شيوخ)—also transliterated Sheik, Shykh, Shaik, Shayk, Shaykh, Cheikh, Shekh, and Shaikh—is an honorific title in the Arabic language.
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Shiraz
Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).
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Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (باب عالی Bāb-ı Ālī or Babıali, from باب, bāb "gate" and عالي, alī "high"), is a synecdochic metonym for the central government of the Ottoman Empire.
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Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah (Iraqi:السليمانية, as-Sulaymāniyyah), also called Slemani, is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan.
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SUNY Press
The State University of New York Press (or SUNY Press), is a university press and a Center for Scholarly Communication.
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Syrian Desert
The Syrian Desert (بادية الشام, Bâdiyat aş-Şâm), also known as the Hamad, is a combination of steppe and desert covering of the Middle East, including parts of south-eastern Syria, northeastern Jordan, northern Saudi Arabia, and western Iraq.
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Tulip period
The Tulip Period or Tulip Era (21 July 1718 – 28 September 1730) (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, Lâle Devri) is a period in Ottoman history from the Treaty of Passarowitz on 21 July 1718 to the Patrona Halil Revolt on 28 September 1730.
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Wali
Walī (ولي, plural أولياء) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend".
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Redirects here:
Ahmad Pasha of Baghdad, Ali Pasha (Mamluk ruler of Baghdad), Ali Pasha of Baghdad, Buyuk Suleyman Pasha, Büyük Süleyman Pasha, Büyük Süleyman Pasha the Great, Daud Pasha (mamluk), Dynasty of Hasan Pasha, Hasan Pasha (Mamluk), Mamluk Dynasty (Iraq), Mamluk dynasty of Iraq, Mamluk rule in Iraq, Omar Pasha of Baghdad, Sulaiman Abu Layla Pasha, Sulayman Abu Layla Pasha, Sulayman Pasha the Great, Sulayman Pasha the Little.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)
