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194 relations: Abdul Haris Nasution, Aceh, Alexander Evert Kawilarang, Allies of World War II, Ambarawa, Ambon Island, Amir Sjarifuddin, Ammunition, Anti-communism, APRA coup d'état, Athens, Ohio, Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby, Australian Army, Bali, Balikpapan, Bambu runcing, Bandung, Bandung Sea of Fire, Bangka Island, Bersiap, Bogor, Bone state, Borneo, British Armed Forces, British Indian Army, British Raj, Budi Utomo, Bugis, Bukittinggi, Central Indonesian National Committee, Central Java, Chinese Indonesians, Clement Attlee, Cold War, Colonialism, Communist Party of Indonesia, Constitution of Indonesia, Counter-insurgency, Darul Islam (Indonesia), Dean Acheson, Decolonisation of Asia, Dutch East Indies, Dutch Ethical Policy, Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, East Indies, East Java, East Sumatra revolution, Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, End of World War II in Asia, Federal Consultative Assembly, ..., Federation, Feudalism, General Offensive of 1 March 1949, Great Dayak, Groote Oost, Guerrilla warfare, Guided democracy, Hamengkubuwana IX, History of Indonesia, History of the Netherlands, Hubertus van Mook, I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Ignatius Slamet Riyadi, Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy, Indo people, Indonesia, Indonesia Raya, Indonesian language, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Indonesian National Awakening, Indonesian National Party, Islamic state, Jakarta, Japan, Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Java, John Lie Tjeng Tjoan, Juliana of the Netherlands, Kalimantan, Karawang, Kuniaki Koiso, Legion of Ratu Adil, Leiden, Lesser Sunda Islands, Lieutenant colonel, Linggadjati Agreement, List of high-ranking commanders of the Indonesian War of Independence, Lombok, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Lower house, Madiun Affair, Madura Island, Magelang, Makassar, Makassar Uprising, Makassarese language, Maluku Islands, Manado, Marshall Plan, Masyumi Party, Medan, Militia, Moestopo, Mohammad Hatta, Monarchy of the Netherlands, Morotai, Mount Slamet, Netherlands, Netherlands Indies Civil Administration, Netherlands New Guinea, North Sumatra, Operation Kraai, Operation Product, Padang, Palembang, Pao An Tui, Parliamentary republic, Parliamentary system, Pasundan, Pathé News, Pekalongan, Pembela Tanah Air, Philip Christison, Politionele acties, Pontianak Sultanate, Postage stamp, President of Indonesia, Presidential system, Prime Minister of Indonesia, Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Proletariat, Raja, Rawagede massacre, Raymond Westerling, Renville Agreement, Republic of South Maluku, Republican Party (United States), Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Sarekat Islam, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo, Semarang, Simon Spoor, Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, Social revolution, Socialist Party of Indonesia, South East Asia Command, South Sulawesi, South Sulawesi Campaign, South Sumatra, Soviet (council), Soviet Union, Stalemate, State of East Indonesia, Sudirman, Sudjana Kerton, Suharto, Sukarno, Sulawesi, Sultan, Sultan Hamid II, Sumatra, Supreme Allied Commander, Surabaya, Surakarta, Surrender of Japan, Sutan Sjahrir, Sutomo, Tan Malaka, The Hague, The Japan Times, Timeline of the Indonesian National Revolution, Tjilik Riwut, Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati, Train ticket, Unitary state, United Kingdom, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 27, United Nations Security Council Resolution 63, United States, United States Congress, United States of Indonesia, United States Secretary of State, Urip Sumoharjo, Van Mook Line, Vice President of Indonesia, Victory over Japan Day, Weapon, West Java, West Sumatra, Western New Guinea, Yogyakarta. Expand index (144 more) »
Abdul Haris Nasution
Abdul Haris Nasution (3 December 1918 – 6 September 2000) was an Indonesian general who was twice appointed Army Chief of Staff and who escaped an assassination attempt during the 1965 coup attempt by 30 September Movement.
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Aceh
Aceh; (Acehnese: Acèh; Jawoë:; Dutch: Atjeh or Aceh) is a province of Indonesia.
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Alexander Evert Kawilarang
Alexander Evert Kawilarang (23 February 1920 – 6 June 2000) was an Indonesian freedom fighter, military commander, and founder of Kesko TT, what would become the Indonesian special forces unit Kopassus.
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Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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Ambarawa
Ambarawa is a town (and administratively, a subdistrict of the Semarang Regency) located between the city of Semarang and Salatiga in Central Java, Indonesia.
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Ambon Island
Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.
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Amir Sjarifuddin
Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap, also spelled Amir Sjarifoeddin Harahap (27 April 1907 – 19 December 1948) was a socialist politician and one of the Indonesian Republic's first leaders, becoming Prime Minister during the country's National Revolution.
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Ammunition
Ammunition (informally ammo) is the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any weapon.
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Anti-communism
Anti-communism is opposition to communism.
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APRA coup d'état
The APRA coup d'état was a coup d'état by Raymond Westerling's Legion of Ratu Adil (APRA) to capture Bandung and Jakarta, and to overthrow Sukarno’s unitary Republic of Indonesia.
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Athens, Ohio
Athens is a city in and the county seat of Athens County, Ohio, United States.
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Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby
Brigadier Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby CIE OBE (12 December 1899 – 30 October 1945) was a British Indian Army officer killed in a shootout during the Battle of Surabaya in what was then the Netherlands East Indies during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Australian Army
The Australian Army is Australia's military land force.
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Bali
Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.
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Balikpapan
Balikpapan is a seaport city on the east coast of the island of Borneo, in the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan.
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Bambu runcing
Bambu Runcing or Prìng Lancìp (which literally means "Spiked Bamboo") is a traditional spear made of a sharpened bamboo.
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Bandung
Bandung (Sundanese:, Bandung, formerly Dutch: Bandoeng), is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia and Greater Bandung made up of 2 municipalities and 38 districts, making it Indonesia's 2nd largest metropolitan area with over 8.5 millions inhabitants listed in the 2015 Badan Pusat Statistik data.
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Bandung Sea of Fire
The Bandung Sea of Fire (Bandung Lautan Api) was the name given to the deliberate burning of much of the southern side of the city of Bandung by retreating Indonesian Republican troops during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Bangka Island
Bangka (or sometimes Banka) is an island lying east of Sumatra, administratively part of Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of about 1 million.
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Bersiap
Bersiap is the name given by the Dutch to a violent and chaotic phase of the Indonesian National Revolution following the end of World War II.
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Bogor
Bogor (Sundanese: ᮘᮧᮌᮧᮁ, Dutch: Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia.
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Bone state
Bone (also Boni, or Bone Saoraja) was a sultanate in the south-west peninsula of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), now part of modern-day Indonesia.
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Borneo
Borneo (Pulau Borneo) is the third largest island in the world and the largest in Asia.
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British Armed Forces
The British Armed Forces, also known as Her/His Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military services responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and the Crown dependencies.
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British Indian Army
The Indian Army (IA), often known since 1947 (but rarely during its existence) as the British Indian Army to distinguish it from the current Indian Army, was the principal military of the British Indian Empire before its decommissioning in 1947.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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Budi Utomo
Budi Utomo (Dutch: Boedi Oetomo), meaning "Prime Philosophy", was the first native political society in the Dutch East Indies.
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Bugis
The Buginese people are an ethnic group—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, in the southwestern province of Sulawesi, third largest island of Indonesia.
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Bukittinggi
Bukittinggi (Kota Bukittinggi, Bukittinggi, Jawi), is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 124,000 people and an area of 25.24 km².
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Central Indonesian National Committee
The Central Indonesian National Committee (Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat) or KNIP, was a body appointed to assist the president of the newly independent Indonesia.
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Central Java
Central Java (Jawa Tengah, abbreviated as Jateng) is a province of Indonesia.
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Chinese Indonesians
Chinese Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Tionghoa-Indonesia) are Indonesians descended from various Chinese ethnic groups, primarily the Han Chinese.
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Clement Attlee
Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British statesman of the Labour Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.
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Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia that existed throughout the mid-20th century.
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Constitution of Indonesia
The Constitution of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945, UUD '45) is the basis for the government of Indonesia.
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Counter-insurgency
A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency (COIN) can be defined as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".
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Darul Islam (Indonesia)
Darul Islam (meaning House of Islam), also known as Darul Islam/Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia (Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia, DI/TII) was an Islamist group in Indonesia that fought for the establishment of an Islamic state of Indonesia.
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Dean Acheson
Dean Gooderham Acheson (pronounced; April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer.
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Decolonisation of Asia
The decolonization of Asia was the gradual growth of independence movements in Asia, leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of a number of nation-states in the region.
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.
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Dutch Ethical Policy
The Dutch Ethical Policy (Ethische Politiek) was the official policy of colonial government of Indonesia during the four decades from 1901 until the Japanese occupation of 1942.
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Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in The Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the BFO (Federal Consultative Assembly) representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago.
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East Indies
The East Indies or the Indies are the lands of South and Southeast Asia.
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East Java
East Java (Jawa Timur, abbreviated as Jatim, Jåwå Wétan) is a province of Indonesia.
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East Sumatra revolution
The East Sumatra revolution, also known as the East Sumatra Social Revolution, began on 3 March 1946.
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Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia
The Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia), (PDRI) was established by Indonesian Republicans after the Netherlands occupied Yogyakarta in Central Java the location of the temporary Republican capital.
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End of World War II in Asia
The end of World War II in Asia occurred on 14 and 15 August 1945, when armed forces of the Empire of Japan surrendered to the forces of the Allies.
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Federal Consultative Assembly
The Federal Consultative Assembly, or Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (BFO) was a committee established by the Netherlands to administer the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RUSI) during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949).
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Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.
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Feudalism
Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.
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General Offensive of 1 March 1949
The General Offensive of 1 March 1949 (Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949) was a military offensive during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Great Dayak
Great Dayak (Dayak Besar, old spelling Dajak Besar; Groot Dajak) was a component entity of the United States of Indonesia in Dayak regions on the island of Borneo.
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Groote Oost
The Groote Oost (English: Great East) was a gouvernement of the Dutch East Indies between 1938 and 1946.
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Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
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Guided democracy
Guided democracy, also called managed democracy, is a formally democratic government that functions as a de facto autocracy.
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Hamengkubuwana IX
Hamengkubuwana IX or HB IX (Javanese:; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988) was the first Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the second Vice President of Indonesia and the ninth Sultan of Yogyakarta during the rule of Suharto.
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History of Indonesia
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics.
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History of the Netherlands
The history of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.
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Hubertus van Mook
Hubertus Johannes "Huib" van Mook (30 May 1894 – 10 May 1965) was a Dutch administrator in the East Indies.
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I Gusti Ngurah Rai
Lieutenant Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai (30 January 1917 – 20 November 1946) was an Indonesian National Hero who commanded Indonesian forces in Bali against the Dutch during the Indonesian War of Independence.
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Ignatius Slamet Riyadi
Brigadier General Ignatius Slamet Rijadi (Perfected Spelling: Ignatius Slamet Riyadi; 26 July 1927 – 4 November 1950) was an Indonesian soldier.
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Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun; "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945.
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Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, "Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's defeat and surrender in World War II.
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Indo people
The Indo people or Indos are Eurasian people, descendants of various indigenous peoples of Indonesia and Dutch settlers. Indos are associated with colonial culture of the former Dutch East Indies, a Dutch colony in Southeast Asia and a predecessor to modern Indonesia after its proclamation of independence shortly after World War II. It was used to describe people acknowledged to be of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent, or it was a term used in the Dutch East Indies to apply to Europeans who had partial Asian ancestry. "Indos–people of Dutch descent who stayed in the new republic Indonesia after it gained independence, or who emigrated to Indonesia after 1949–are called Dutch-Indonesians. Although the majority of the Indos are found in the lowest strata of European society, they do not represent a solid social or economic group." The European ancestry of these people was predominantly Dutch, but also included Portuguese, British, French, Belgian, German, and others. Other terms used were Indos, Dutch Indonesians, Eurasians, Indo-Europeans, Indo-Dutch, and Dutch-Indos.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Indonesia Raya
"Indonesia Raya" has been the national anthem of Indonesia since the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia on the 17 August 1945.
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Indonesian language
Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia.
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Indonesian National Armed Forces
The Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI; literally "Indonesian National Military") are the military forces of the Republic of Indonesia.
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Indonesian National Awakening
The Indonesian National Awakening (Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia) is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians".
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Indonesian National Party
The Indonesian National Party (Partai Nasional Indonesia, PNI) is the name used by several political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the present day.
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Islamic state
An Islamic state (دولة إسلامية, dawlah islāmiyyah) is a type of government primarily based on the application of shari'a (Islamic law), dispensation of justice, maintenance of law and order.
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Jakarta
Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
The Japanese Empire occupied the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the War in September 1945.
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Java
Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.
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John Lie Tjeng Tjoan
Jahja Daniel Dharma, BMP, also known as John Lie Tjeng Tjoan (11 March 1911 – 28 August 1988), a National Hero of Indonesia, was one of the first high-ranking navy commanders during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Juliana of the Netherlands
Juliana (Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.
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Kalimantan
Kalimantan is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.
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Karawang
Karawang (Kota Karawang or Karawang Kota) is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia.
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Kuniaki Koiso
was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 28th Prime Minister of Japan from July 22, 1944, to April 7, 1945.
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Legion of Ratu Adil
The Legion of Ratu Adil, also known as Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA) or the Prince Justice Legion was a pro-Dutch militia and private army established during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Leiden
Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.
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Lesser Sunda Islands
The Lesser Sunda Islands (Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara "southeastern archipelago" or Kepulauan Sunda Kecil "lesser Sundanese archipelago") are a group of islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia.
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Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.
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Linggadjati Agreement
The Linggadjati Agreement (Linggajati in modern Indonesian spelling) was a political accord concluded on 15 November 1946 by the Dutch administration and the unilaterally declared Republic of Indonesia in the village of Liggarjati, near Cirebon in which the Dutch recognised the republic as the de facto authority in Java, Madura and Sumatra.
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List of high-ranking commanders of the Indonesian War of Independence
This list includes high-ranking commanders who took part in Indonesian War of Independence.
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Lombok
Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia.
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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979) was a British Royal Navy officer and statesman, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II.
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Lower house
A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.
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Madiun Affair
The Madiun Affair (Peristiwa Madiun) was an armed conflict between the government of the Republic of Indonesia and the left-wing opposition group, Front Demokrasi Rakyat (FDR, People's Democratic Front) during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Madura Island
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java.
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Magelang
Magelang is one of six cities in Central Java, each of which is governed by a mayor rather than a bupati.
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Makassar
Makassar (Buginese-Makassar language: ᨀᨚᨈ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ) – sometimes spelled Macassar – is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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Makassar Uprising
The Makassar Uprising (5–15 April 1950) was a skirmish in Makassar Sulawesi between former Royal Dutch East Indies Army soldiers under Captain Andi Aziz against the Republic of the United States of Indonesia government.
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Makassarese language
Makassarese (sometimes spelled Makasar, Makassar, or Macassar) is a language of the Makassarese people, spoken in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia.
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Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands or the Moluccas are an archipelago within Banda Sea, Indonesia.
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Manado
Manado (pronounced in Manado Malay, in Indonesian) is the capital city of the North Sulawesi province of Indonesia.
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Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $ billion in US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.
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Masyumi Party
Masyumi Party (Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia) (Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations) was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia.
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Medan
Medan; is the capital of North Sumatra province in Indonesia.
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Militia
A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).
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Moestopo
Major General Professor Moestopo (13 July 1913 – 29 September 1986) was an Indonesian dentist, freedom fighter, and educator.
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Mohammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta (12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was Indonesia's first vice president, later also serving as the country's prime minister.
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Monarchy of the Netherlands
The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such, the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the Constitution of the Netherlands.
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Morotai
Morotai Island (Pulau Morotai) is an island in the Halmahera group of eastern Indonesia's Maluku Islands (Moluccas).
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Mount Slamet
Mount Slamet or Gunung Slamet is an active stratovolcano in the Purbalingga Regency of Central Java, Indonesia.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
The Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (abbreviated NICA; Nederlandsch-Indische Civiele Administratie) was a semi-military organisation, established April 1944, tasked with the restoration of civil administration and law of Dutch colonial rule after the capitulation of the Japanese occupational forces in the Netherlands East Indies (present-day Indonesia) after World War II.
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Netherlands New Guinea
Netherlands New Guinea (Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea) refers to the Papua region of Indonesia while it was an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962.
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North Sumatra
North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) is a province of Indonesia.
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Operation Kraai
Operation Crow (Operatie Kraai)Zweers (1995) was the code name for a Dutch military offensive against the newly formed Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 – January 1949.
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Operation Product
Operation Product was the first of two major Dutch military offensives against the Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Padang
Padang (Jawi) is the capital of the province of West Sumatra in Indonesia.
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Palembang
Palembang (Indonesian pronunciation: palɛmˈbaŋ) is the capital city of South Sumatra province of Indonesia.
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Pao An Tui
Pao An Tui, sometimes incorrectly spelt Po An Tui or Poh An Tui, was a self-defense force of the Chinese-Indonesian community during the Indonesian Revolution (1945–1950).
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Parliamentary republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).
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Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislative branch, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament.
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Pasundan
The State of Pasundan (Indonesian and Negara Pasundan) was a federal state (negara bagian) formed in the western part of the Indonesian island of Java by the Netherlands in 1948 as part of an attempt to reestablish the colony of the Dutch East Indies during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Pathé News
Pathé News was a producer of newsreels and documentaries from 1910 until 1970 in the United Kingdom.
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Pekalongan
Pekalongan (ꦦꦼꦏꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀) is a city of Central Java, Indonesia.
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Pembela Tanah Air
PETA (Indonesian: Pembela Tanah Air – Defenders of the Homeland) or was an Indonesian volunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in Indonesia by the occupying Japanese.
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Philip Christison
General Sir (Alexander Frank) Philip Christison, 4th Baronet, (17 November 1893 – 21 December 1993) was a British Army officer who served with distinction during the world wars.
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Politionele acties
"Politionele Acties" (Dutch for "police actions") refers to two major military offensives undertaken by the Netherlands on Java and Sumatra against the Republic of Indonesia during its struggle for independence in the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Pontianak Sultanate
The Pontianak Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pontianak) was an Islamic Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950.
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Postage stamp
A postage stamp is a small piece of paper that is purchased and displayed on an item of mail as evidence of payment of postage.
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President of Indonesia
The President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.
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Presidential system
A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.
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Prime Minister of Indonesia
Indonesia, in its various incarnations, had the position of Prime Minister (Perdana Menteri Republik Indonesia) from 1945 until 1966.
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Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply Proklamasi) was read at 10:00 a.m. on Friday, 17 August 1945.
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Proletariat
The proletariat (from Latin proletarius "producing offspring") is the class of wage-earners in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labour-power (their ability to work).
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Raja
Raja (also spelled rajah, from Sanskrit राजन्), is a title for a monarch or princely ruler in South and Southeast Asia.
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Rawagede massacre
The Rawagede massacre was committed by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army on 9 December 1947 in the village of Rawagede (now Balongsari in West Java), during Operatie Product. Forces of the Royal Netherlands Army were deployed in the East Indies to restore Dutch authority and protect the country's interests in Indonesia. They were battling Indonesian Republican army fighters TNI and militia forces seeking independence for Indonesia or engaging in criminal activities. Almost all males from the village, amounting to 431 men according to most estimates, were killed by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, since the people of the village would not tell where the Indonesian independence fighter Lukas Kustario was hiding. Although Dutch Army General Simon Hendrik Spoor recommended that the responsible officer, Major Alphons Wijnen, be prosecuted, no criminal investigation was started. A report from the United Nations published on 12 January 1948 called the killings "deliberate and merciless".NRC Handelsblad - On 8 September 2008, 10 survivors of the massacre officially held the Netherlands responsible for the massacre. The state lawyer replied in a letter published on 24 November 2008, that the Netherlands "deeply regrets" the massacre, but that it believes the term for prosecution had expired. This has drawn some criticism among members of the States-General of the Netherlands, as well as among leading Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad, which argued in an editorial that there is no such thing as a statute of limitations on war crimes. In December 2009, the 10 survivors decided to sue the Dutch state in court. The court decided on 14 September 2011 that the crime, due to its extraordinary nature, is not subject to a statute of limitations, and thus held the Dutch state fully accountable for the damages caused. Following settlement negotiations with the Dutch State, the plaintiffs/widows of the men executed in Rawagedeh were awarded 20,000 euros each in compensation; the State furthermore agreed to extend its formal apologies for the massacre. On 9 December 2011, the Dutch ambassador to Indonesia stated: "We remember the members of your families and those of your fellow villagers who died 64 years ago through the actions of the Dutch military... On behalf of the Dutch government, I apologize for the tragedy that took place." Only 9 relatives are still alive and will receive 20,000 euros ($27,000) compensation each, but there is no schedule for these payments. The ruling of the judge also included that the Dutch state was responsible because it has the duty to defend its inhabitants, which also indicated that the area was part of the Dutch East Indies in contradiction of the Indonesian claim of 17 August 1945 as its date of independence. Historians reading through soldiers' letter, diaries and memoirs argue that in Indonesia at the time "war crimes formed a structural ingredient of Dutch warfare.".
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Raymond Westerling
Raymond Pierre Paul Westerling (31 August 1919 – 26 November 1987) was a Dutch military officer of the KNIL (Royal Netherlands East Indies Army).
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Renville Agreement
The Renville Agreement was a United Nations Security Council-brokered political accord between the Netherlands, which was seeking to re-establish its colony in South East Asia, and Indonesian Republicans seeking to secure Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Republic of South Maluku
South Maluku, officially the Republic of South Maluku, is an unrecognized secessionist republic in the southern Maluku Islands archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia that claims the islands of Ambon, Buru, and Seram as part of its territory, all of which are currently part of the Indonesian province of Maluku.
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Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.
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Royal Netherlands Army
The Royal Netherlands Army (Koninklijke Landmacht (KL), "Royal Army") is the land forces element of the military of the Netherlands.
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Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL) was the military force maintained by the Netherlands in its colony of the Netherlands East Indies (also known as the Dutch East Indies), in areas that are now part of Indonesia.
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Sarekat Islam
Sarekat Islam, formerly Islamists Trade Union (Indonesian: Sarekat Dagang Islam), was a cooperative of Javanese batik traders in the Dutch East Indies and a predecessor of independent Indonesia.
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Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo
Soekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo (January 7, 1905 – September 5, 1962) was an Indonesian Islamic mystic who led the Darul Islam rebellion against the Indonesian government from 1949 to 1962, with the objective of overthrowing the secular Pancasila ideology and establishing Negara Islam Indonesia (Islamic State of Indonesia) based on sharia law.
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Semarang
Semarang (formerly Dutch: Samarang), is a city on the north coast of the island of Java, Indonesia.
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Simon Spoor
General Simon Hendrik Spoor (12 January 1902 – 25 May 1949) was the Chief of Staff of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army and the Royal Dutch Army in the Dutch East Indies, from 1946 to 1949, during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, (also written Syafruddin Prawiranegara, 28 February 191115 February 1989), was an Indonesian politician, economist, and latterly Islamic philosopher.
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Social revolution
Social revolutions are sudden changes in the structure and nature of society.
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Socialist Party of Indonesia
The Socialist Party of Indonesia (Partai Sosialis Indonesia) was a political party in Indonesia from 1948 until 1960, when it was banned by President Sukarno.
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South East Asia Command
South East Asia Command (SEAC) was the body set up to be in overall charge of Allied operations in the South-East Asian Theatre during World War II.
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South Sulawesi
South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi.
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South Sulawesi Campaign
The South Sulawesi Campaign (10 December 1946 – 21 February 1947) was a campaign of the Indonesian National Revolution.
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South Sumatra
South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) is a province of Indonesia.
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Soviet (council)
Soviets (singular: soviet; sovét,, literally "council" in English) were political organizations and governmental bodies, primarily associated with the Russian Revolutions and the history of the Soviet Union, and which gave the name to the latter state.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stalemate
Stalemate is a situation in the game of chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move.
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State of East Indonesia
The State of East Indonesia (Negara Indonesia Timur, old spelling: Negara Indonesia Timoer) was a post-World War II federal state (negara bagian) formed in eastern Netherlands East Indies by the Netherlands in 1948.
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Sudirman
General of the Army Raden Soedirman (Perfected Spelling: Sudirman; 24 January 1916 – 29 January 1950) was a high-ranking Indonesian military officer during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Sudjana Kerton
Sudjana Kerton (22 November 1922 – April 1994) was an Indonesian painter.
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Suharto
Muhammad Suharto (also written Soeharto;, or Muhammad Soeharto; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.
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Sukarno
Sukarno (born Kusno Sosrodihardjo; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia, serving in office from 1945 to 1967.
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Sulawesi
Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes, is an island in Indonesia.
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Sultan
Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.
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Sultan Hamid II
Sultan Hamid II, born Syarif Abdul Hamid Alkadrie (شريف عبد الحميد القادري; 12 July 1913 – 30 March 1978) was the eight Sultan of Pontianak and the only President of the State of West Kalimantan from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950.
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Sumatra
Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.
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Supreme Allied Commander
Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances.
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Surabaya
Surabaya (formerly Dutch: Soerabaia and later Surabaja) is a port city and the capital of East Java (Jawa Timur) province of Indonesia.
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Surakarta
Surakarta (ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, often called Solo or less common spelling Sala) is a city in Central Java.
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Surrender of Japan
The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close.
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Sutan Sjahrir
Sutan Sjahrir (5 March 1909 – 9 April 1966) was an avant garde and idealistic Indonesian intellectual, as well as revolutionary independence leader.
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Sutomo
Sutomo (3 October 1920 – 7 October 1981), also known as Bung Tomo, is best known for his role as an Indonesian military leader during the Indonesian National Revolution against the Netherlands.
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Tan Malaka
Ibrahim Gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka (Jawi: إبراهيم ڬلر داتوق سوتن ملاك; June 2, 1897 – February 21, 1949, usually called Tan Malaka, Jawi: تن ملاك) was a teacher, Indonesian philosopher, founder of Struggle Union (Persatuan Perjuangan) and Murba Party, independent guerrilla, Indonesian fighter, and Indonesian national hero.
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The Hague
The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.
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The Japan Times
The Japan Times is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper.
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Timeline of the Indonesian National Revolution
This is the Timeline of Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1950).
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Tjilik Riwut
Tjilik Riwut (2 February 1918 – 17 August 1987) was a former Governor of Central Kalimantan.
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Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati
Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati (new spelling: Cokorda Gde Raka Sukawati), (January 15, 1899 in Ubud, Gianyar, Bali – 1967) was the only President of the State of East Indonesia from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950.
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Train ticket
A train ticket is a ticket issued by a railway operator that enables the bearer to travel on the operator's network or a partner's network.
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Unitary state
A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 27
United Nations Security Council Resolution 27, adopted on August 1, 1947, called for the opposing Netherlands and Indonesian Republicans in the Indonesian National Revolution to lay down their arms and to allow a peaceful mediation of the conflict.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 63
United Nations Security Council Resolution 63, adopted on December 24, 1948, in response to a report by the Committee of Good Offices the Council called upon the parties to cease hostilities and to release the President of the Republic of Indonesia and other political prisoners arrested since December 18, 1948.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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United States of Indonesia
The Republic of the United States of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat, RIS), abbreviated as RUSI, was a federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies (minus Netherlands New Guinea) on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference.
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United States Secretary of State
The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S. Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs.
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Urip Sumoharjo
Oerip Soemohardjo (Perfected Spelling: Urip Sumoharjo, 22 February 1893 – 17 November 1948) was an Indonesian general and the first chief of staff of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.
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Van Mook Line
The Van Mook Line, also known as the Status Quo Line, named after Hubertus van Mook was an artificial boundary which separated Dutch and the Republic of Indonesia on Java during the Indonesian National Revolution.
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Vice President of Indonesia
The Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the first in the line of succession in the Republic of Indonesia.
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Victory over Japan Day
Victory over Japan Day (also known as V-J Day, Victory in the Pacific Day, or V-P Day) is the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war.
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Weapon
A weapon, arm or armament is any device used with intent to inflict damage or harm.
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West Java
West Java (Jawa Barat, abbreviated as Jabar; Sundanese: Jawa Kulon) is a province of Indonesia.
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West Sumatra
West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat, abbreviated to Sumbar, Jawi:, Minangkabau: Sumatera Baraik) is a province of Indonesia.
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Western New Guinea
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua (formerly Irian Jaya) and West Papua, is the part of the island of New Guinea (also known as Papua) annexed by Indonesia in 1962.
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Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (also Jogja or Jogjakarta; ꦛꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ; formerly Dutch: Djokjakarta/Djocjakarta or Djokja) is a city on the island of Java in Indonesia.
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Redirects here:
17 August 1945 revolution, Allied occupation of Indonesia, Indonesian National Struggle, Indonesian Revolution, Indonesian Revolutionary War, Indonesian War of Independence, Indonesian national Revolution, Indonesian national revolution, Indonesian revolution, Indonesian war of independence, Melano Supriata.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution
