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44 relations: ACTH receptor, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Afamelanotide, Agonist, Binding selectivity, Biological pigment, Bond cleavage, Chemical structure, Clinical trial, Drug, Endogeny (biology), Energy homeostasis, Hair, Human, Human sexual activity, Ischemia, Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, List of feeding behaviours, Mammal, Medicine, Melanocortin, Melanocortin 1 receptor, Melanocortin 3 receptor, Melanocortin 4 receptor, Melanocortin 5 receptor, Melanocortin receptor, Melanocyte, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Melanotan II, Neuropeptide, Peptide, Peptide hormone, Pharmacokinetics, Photoprotection, Potency (pharmacology), Proopiomelanocortin, Protein primary structure, Proteolysis, Reperfusion injury, Sexual dysfunction, Skin, Structural analog, Ultraviolet, United States.
ACTH receptor
The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC2 receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH.
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
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Afamelanotide
Afamelanotide ((INN) (brand name Scenesse), also known as melanotan I (or melanotan-1), originally developed at the University of Arizona and now by Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, is a synthetic peptide and analogue of the naturally occurring melanocortin peptide hormone α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that has been shown to induce the production of darkening dermal pigmentation through melanogenesis and thereby subsequently reduce sun (UV) damage to UV light-exposed skin in preliminary research and human clinical trials. Its amino acid sequence is Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, and it is additionally known as -α-MSH, which is sometimes abbreviated as NDP-MSH or NDP-α-MSH (especially in the scientific literature). Afamelanotide is the International Nonproprietary Name for the molecule α-MSH initially researched and developed as melanotan-1 and later, CUV1647 (by Clinuvel). A marketing trade name for one brand of afamelanotide was approved in 2010 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Name Review Group (NRG) and the agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) as Scenesse (pronounced "sen-esse"). On May 5, 2010 the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA, or Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) became the first governmental health organization ever (even before the drug received approval in Europe) to authorize afamelanotide as a medicine for therapeutic treatment of Italian citizens to reduce painful dermal photosensitivity stemming from the orphan disease erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). This approval allowed the drug to be immediately available for prescription in Italy and reimbursable under the country's national health system. Authorities in Switzerland have also allowed prescription of the drug for EPP with reimbursement approved by two unnamed insurers. Afamelanotide is currently being trialed in the form of a "grain of rice"-sized bioabsorbable subcutaneous implant as a potential therapeutic photoprotection-inducing agent for a series of light-related skin indications as well as a potential dermal repigmentation agent for vitiligo. Afamelanotide, as of October 24, 2014, has been approved by the EMA in Europe for the treatment of EPP. Clinuvel now intends to seek approval of afamelanotide in the United States. Unlicensed and untested powders sold as "melanotan" are found on the Internet and are reported to be used by tens of thousands of members of the general public for sunless tanning. Multiple regulatory bodies have warned consumers that the peptides may be unsafe and ineffective in usage, with one regulatory agency warning that consumers who purchase any product labeled "melanotan" risk buying a counterfeit drug. Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, the developer of afamelanotide, and medical researchers have warned consumers that counterfeit products sold using the names "melanotan I and II", could "pose a hazard to public health". on counterfeit products. February 10, 2009. Clinuvel has stated publicly that products sold online as "melanotan" are not afamelanotide.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Binding selectivity
Binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex.
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Biological pigment
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.
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Bond cleavage
Bond cleavage, or scission, is the splitting of chemical bonds.
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Chemical structure
A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Drug
A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a temporary physiological (and often psychological) change in the body.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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Energy homeostasis
In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow).
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Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
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Human
Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.
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Human sexual activity
Human sexual activity, human sexual practice or human sexual behaviour is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality.
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Ischemia
Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).
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Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
The Journal of Molecular Neuroscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in neuroscience.
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List of feeding behaviours
Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Melanocortin
The melanocortins are a group of peptide hormones which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and are derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland.
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Melanocortin 1 receptor
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
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Melanocortin 3 receptor
Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene.
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Melanocortin 4 receptor
Melanocortin 4 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC4R gene.
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Melanocortin 5 receptor
Melanocortin receptor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene.
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Melanocortin receptor
Melanocortin receptors are members of the rhodopsin family of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors.
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Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart.
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
The melanocyte-stimulating hormones, known collectively as MSH, also known as melanotropins or intermedins, are a family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides consisting of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH), and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) that are produced by cells in the pars intermedia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
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Melanotan II
Melanotan II is a synthetic analogue of the peptide hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).
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Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Peptide hormone
Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides or proteins, respectively.
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism.
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Photoprotection
Photoprotection is the biochemical process that helps organisms cope with molecular damage caused by sunlight.
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Potency (pharmacology)
In the field of pharmacology, potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity.
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Proopiomelanocortin
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor polypeptide with 241 amino acid residues.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
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Reperfusion injury
Reperfusion injury or reperfusion insult, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
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Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction (or sexual malfunction or sexual disorder) is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.
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Skin
Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.
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Structural analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Redirects here:
A-MSH, Alpha Intermedin, Alpha MSH, Alpha Melanocortin, Alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Alpha Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Alpha Melanotropin, Alpha intermedin, Alpha melanocortin, Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone, Alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Alpha melanotropin, Alpha-Intermedin, Alpha-MSH, Alpha-Melanocortin, Alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Alpha-Melanotropin, Alpha-intermedin, Alpha-melanocortin, Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Alpha-melanotropin, AlphaMSH, Alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone, Intermedin Alpha, Intermedin alpha, Intermedin-Alpha, Intermedin-alpha, MSH Alpha, MSH alpha, MSH-Alpha, MSH-alpha, Melanocortin Alpha, Melanocortin alpha, Melanocortin-Alpha, Melanocortin-alpha, Melanotropin Alpha, Melanotropin alpha, Melanotropin-Alpha, Melanotropin-alpha, Α-Intermedin, Α-MSH, Α-Melanocortin, Α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, Α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Α-Melanotropin, Α-intermedin, Α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, Α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Α-melanotropin.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone
