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Anatomical terminology

Index Anatomical terminology

Anatomical terminology is a form of scientific terminology used by anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals such as doctors. [1]

139 relations: Abdomen, Abdominopelvic cavity, Anastomosis, Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of muscle, Anatomy, Ancient Greek, Ankle, Artery, Ascending colon, Axilla, Biceps, Biology, Birth defect, Blood vessel, Bowel obstruction, Brachialis muscle, Brachioradialis, Buttocks, Car controls, Carpal bones, Cartesian coordinate system, Cell biology, Cerebral arteries, Clavicle, College, Comparative anatomy, Coronary arteries, Cubital fossa, Deep fascia, Dentistry, Duct (anatomy), Ductus arteriosus, Embryo, Embryology, Euclidean vector, Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology, Femur, Finger, Forearm, Frontalis muscle, Function (biology), Gallstone, Gastrointestinal tract, Glossary of medicine, Groin, Gross anatomy, Hand, Health care, Health professional, ..., Hip, Histology, Human body, International, International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, Intertubercular plane, Intervertebral disc, Joint, Jumping jack, Kidney stone disease, Knee, Latin, Latin America, Ligamentum arteriosum, Linguistic description, Liver, Lotus position, Lumbar, Mandible, Mass, Medicine, Microscopic scale, Morphology (biology), Morphology (linguistics), Muscle coactivation, Navel, Nerve, Nomina Anatomica, Olecranon, Oral mucosa, Orbicularis oculi muscle, Organ (anatomy), Outline of health sciences, Palmaris longus muscle, Pan American Association of Anatomy, Patella, Patent (disambiguation), Patent ductus arteriosus, Pelvis, Pennate muscle, Pericardium, Periosteum, Peritoneum, Phalanx bone, Popliteal fossa, Portuguese language, Prayer, Prefix, Pubis (bone), Radius (bone), Research, Rib, Root (linguistics), Scapula, Scientific terminology, Serous membrane, Sir Henry Morris, 1st Baronet, Skull, Small intestine, Spanish language, Spleen, Standard anatomical position, Sternum, Stomach, Subcostal plane, Submental lymph nodes, Suffix, Symphysis, Synovial joint, Teacher, Tendon, Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Embryologica, Terminologia Histologica, Thigh, Thoracic cavity, Thumb, Tissue (biology), Transverse colon, Triceps, Ulna, Umbilical region, Urinary bladder, Urinary system, Vein, Vertebral column, Wrist, Yoga, Zoology. Expand index (89 more) »

Abdomen

The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.

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Abdominopelvic cavity

The abdominopelvic cavity is a body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

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Anastomosis

An anastomosis (plural anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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Anatomical terms of muscle

Muscles are described using unique anatomical terminology according to their actions and structure.

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Anatomy

Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Ankle

The ankle, or the talocrural region, is the region where the foot and the leg meet.

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Artery

An artery (plural arteries) is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc).

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Ascending colon

The ascending colon is the part of the colon located between the cecum and the transverse colon.

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Axilla

The axilla (also, armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder.

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Biceps

The biceps, also biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle that lies on the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Blood vessel

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.

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Bowel obstruction

Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion.

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Brachialis muscle

The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint.

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Brachioradialis

The brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow.

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Buttocks

The buttocks (singular: buttock) are two rounded portions of the anatomy, located on the posterior of the pelvic region of primates (including humans), and many other bipeds or quadrupeds, and comprise a layer of fat superimposed on the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles.

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Car controls

Car controls are the components in automobiles and other powered road vehicles, such as trucks and buses, used for driving and parking.

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Carpal bones

The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (or carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm.

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Cartesian coordinate system

A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.

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Cell biology

Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.

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Cerebral arteries

Cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain.

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Clavicle

The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone.

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College

A college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one.

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Comparative anatomy

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.

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Coronary arteries

The coronary arteries are the arteries of the coronary circulation that transport blood into and out of the cardiac muscle.

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Cubital fossa

The cubital fossa or elbow pit is the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow of a human or other hominid animal.

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Deep fascia

Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of dense connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also surround groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments.

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Dentistry

Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.

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Duct (anatomy)

In anatomy and physiology, a duct is a circumscribed channel leading from an exocrine gland or organ.

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Ductus arteriosus

In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Embryology

Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.

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Euclidean vector

In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction.

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Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology

The Federative International Committee for Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) is a group of experts who review, analyze and discuss the terms of the morphological structures of the human body.

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Femur

The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs.

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Finger

A finger is a limb of the human body and a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates.

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Forearm

The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.

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Frontalis muscle

The frontalis muscle is muscle which covers parts of forehead of the skull.

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Function (biology)

In biology, function has been defined in many ways.

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Gallstone

A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components. The term cholelithiasis may refer to the presence of gallstones or to the diseases caused by gallstones. Most people with gallstones (about 80%) never have symptoms. When a gallstone blocks the bile duct, a crampy pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, known as biliary colic (gallbladder attack) can result. This happens in 1–4% of those with gallstones each year. Complications of gallstones may include inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), jaundice, and infection of a bile duct (cholangitis). Symptoms of these complications may include pain of more than five hours duration, fever, yellowish skin, vomiting, dark urine, and pale stools. Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss. The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. Gallstones formed mainly from cholesterol are termed cholesterol stones, and those mainly from bilirubin are termed pigment stones. Gallstones may be suspected based on symptoms. Diagnosis is then typically confirmed by ultrasound. Complications may be detected on blood tests. The risk of gallstones may be decreased by maintaining a healthy weight through sufficient exercise and eating a healthy diet. If there are no symptoms, treatment is usually not needed. In those who are having gallbladder attacks, surgery to remove the gallbladder is typically recommended. This can be carried out either through several small incisions or through a single larger incision, usually under general anesthesia. In rare cases when surgery is not possible medication may be used to try to dissolve the stones or lithotripsy to break down the stones. In developed countries, 10–15% of adults have gallstones. Rates in many parts of Africa, however, are as low as 3%. Gallbladder and biliary related diseases occurred in about 104 million people (1.6%) in 2013 and they resulted in 106,000 deaths. Women more commonly have stones than men and they occur more commonly after the age of 40. Certain ethnic groups have gallstones more often than others. For example, 48% of Native Americans have gallstones. Once the gallbladder is removed, outcomes are generally good.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Glossary of medicine

This glossary of medical terms is a list of definitions about medicine, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

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Groin

In human anatomy, the groin (the adjective is inguinal, as in inguinal canal) is the junctional area (also known as the inguinal region) between the abdomen and the thigh on either side of the pubic bone.

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Gross anatomy

Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy) is the study of anatomy at the visible (macroscopic) level.

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Hand

A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered appendage located at the end of the forearm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs.

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Health care

Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.

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Health professional

A health professional, health practitioner or healthcare provider (sometimes simply "provider") is an individual who provides preventive, curative, promotional or rehabilitative health care services in a systematic way to people, families or communities.

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Hip

In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or "coxa"Latin coxa was used by Celsus in the sense "hip", but by Pliny the Elder in the sense "hip bone" (Diab, p 77) in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint.

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Histology

Histology, also microanatomy, is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals using microscopy.

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Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human being.

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International

International mostly means something (a company, language, or organization) involving more than a single country.

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International Federation of Associations of Anatomists

The International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is an umbrella scientific organization of national and multinational Anatomy Associations, dedicated to anatomy and biomorphological sciences.

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Intertubercular plane

A lower transverse line midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis; this is termed the intertubercular plane (or transtubercular), since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; behind, its plane cuts the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

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Intervertebral disc

An intervertebral disc (or intervertebral fibrocartilage) lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.

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Joint

A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole.

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Jumping jack

A jumping jack (Canada & US) or star jump (UK and other Commonwealth nations), also called side-straddle hop in the US military, is a physical jumping exercise performed by jumping to a position with the legs spread wide and the hands touching overhead, sometimes in a clap, and then returning to a position with the feet together and the arms at the sides.

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Kidney stone disease

Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract.

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Knee

The knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint).

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Ligamentum arteriosum

The ligamentum arteriosum (arterial ligament) is a small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth.

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Linguistic description

In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a group of people in a speech community.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Lotus position

Padmasana or Lotus Position (पद्मासन) is a cross-legged sitting asana originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs.

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Lumbar

In tetrapod anatomy, lumbar is an adjective that means of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum. The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity.

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Mandible

The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.

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Mass

Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Microscopic scale

The microscopic scale (from, mikrós, "small" and σκοπέω, skopéō "look") is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly.

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Morphology (biology)

Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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Morphology (linguistics)

In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

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Muscle coactivation

Muscle coactivation occurs when agonist and antagonist (or synergist) muscles surrounding a joint contract simultaneously to provide joint stability.

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Navel

The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus, colloquially known as the belly button, or tummy button) is a hollowed or sometimes raised area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord.

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Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

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Nomina Anatomica

Nomina Anatomica (NA) was the international standard on human anatomic terminology from 1955 until it was replaced by Terminologia Anatomica in 1998.

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Olecranon

The olecranon from the Greek olene meaning elbow and kranon meaning head is the large, thick, curved bony eminence of the ulna, a long bone in the forearm that projects behind the elbow.

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Oral mucosa

The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth and consists of stratified squamous epithelium termed oral epithelium and an underlying connective tissue termed lamina propria.

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Orbicularis oculi muscle

The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids.

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Organ (anatomy)

Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.

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Outline of health sciences

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to health sciences: Health sciences – are applied sciences that address the use of science, technology, engineering or mathematics in the delivery of healthcare to human beings.

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Palmaris longus muscle

The palmaris longus is a muscle visible as a small tendon between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris, although it is not always present.

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Pan American Association of Anatomy

The Pan American Association of Anatomy (PAA) is a public, nonprofit, scientific organization that brings together professionals engaged in the study of Anatomy and related sciences in the American continent.

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Patella

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.

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Patent (disambiguation)

A patent is a set of rights granted by a government to an inventor.

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Patent ductus arteriosus

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.

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Pelvis

The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).

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Pennate muscle

A pennate or pinnate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon.

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Pericardium

The pericardium is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

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Periosteum

The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones.

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Peritoneum

The peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids.

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Phalanx bone

The phalanges (singular: phalanx) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates.

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Popliteal fossa

The popliteal fossa (sometimes referred to as the kneepit or hough1) is a shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.

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Prayer

Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship, typically a deity, through deliberate communication.

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Prefix

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word.

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Pubis (bone)

In vertebrates, the pubic bone is the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis.

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Radius (bone)

The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.

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Research

Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.

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Rib

In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage.

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Root (linguistics)

A root (or root word) is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word.

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Scapula

In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas; also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade or wing bone) is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).

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Scientific terminology

Scientific terminology is the part of the language that is used by scientists in the context of their professional activities.

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Serous membrane

In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid.

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Sir Henry Morris, 1st Baronet

Sir Henry Morris, 1st Baronet FRCS (7 January 1844 – 14 June 1926) was a British medical doctor and surgeon, president of the Royal Society of Medicine and the author and editor of significant works on anatomy.

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Skull

The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.

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Small intestine

The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Spleen

The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.

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Standard anatomical position

Because animals can change orientation with respect to their environment, and because appendages (arms, legs, tentacles, etc.) can change position with respect to the main body, it is important that anatomical terms of location refer to the organism when it is in its standard anatomical position.

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Sternum

The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest.

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Stomach

The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.

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Subcostal plane

The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra body L3.

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Submental lymph nodes

The submental lymph nodes (or suprahyoid) are situated between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle.

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Suffix

In linguistics, a suffix (sometimes termed postfix) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

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Symphysis

A symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones.

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Synovial joint

A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces.

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Teacher

A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.

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Tendon

A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.

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Terminologia Anatomica

Terminologia Anatomica (TA) is the international standard on human anatomic terminology.

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Terminologia Embryologica

The Terminologia Embryologica (TE) is a standardized list of words used in the description of human embryologic and fetal structures.

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Terminologia Histologica

The Terminologia Histologica (TH) is a controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology.

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Thigh

In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee.

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Thoracic cavity

The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia).

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Thumb

The thumb is the first digit of the hand.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

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Transverse colon

The transverse colon is the longest and most movable part of the colon.

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Triceps

The triceps, also triceps brachii (Latin for "three-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates.

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Ulna

The ulna is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the elbow to the smallest finger, and when in anatomical position, is found on the medial side of the forearm.

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Umbilical region

The umbilical region, in the anatomists' abdominal pelvic nine-region scheme, is the area surrounding the umbilicus and it is placed approximately on middle of distance between xiphoid process and pubic symphysis (navel).

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Urinary bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.

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Urinary system

The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.

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Vein

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

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Vertebral column

The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton.

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Wrist

In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand;Behnke 2006, p. 76. "The wrist contains eight bones, roughly aligned in two rows, known as the carpal bones."Moore 2006, p. 485. "The wrist (carpus), the proximal segment of the hand, is a complex of eight carpal bones. The carpus articulates proximally with the forearm at the wrist joint and distally with the five metacarpals. The joints formed by the carpus include the wrist (radiocarpal joint), intercarpal, carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints. Augmenting movement at the wrist joint, the rows of carpals glide on each other " (2) the wrist joint or radiocarpal joint, the joint between the radius and the carpus and (3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints.Behnke 2006, p. 77. "With the large number of bones composing the wrist (ulna, radius, eight carpas, and five metacarpals), it makes sense that there are many, many joints that make up the structure known as the wrist."Baratz 1999, p. 391. "The wrist joint is composed of not only the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints but also the intercarpal articulations." This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, bracelet lines, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum. As a consequence of these various definitions, fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as distal radius fracture are often considered fractures to the wrist.

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Yoga

Yoga (Sanskrit, योगः) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.

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Zoology

Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.

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Anatomic Landmarks, Anatomic terminology, Anatomical landmark, Anatomical landmarks, Anatomical terms, Anatomy terminology, Elbow flexion, Extension-flexion, Finger flexor, Flexer, Flexor, Flexor Muscle, Flexor muscles, Flexors, Glossary of anatomical terminology, definitions and abbreviations, Glossary of anatomy, Human Anatomical Terms, Human anatomical terms, International Morphological Terminology, International morphological terminology, Knee flexion, List of anatomical landmarks, Regions of the human body, Shoulder flexion, Standing position.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terminology

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