Table of Contents
540 relations: Abscess, Abu Haggag Mosque, Abydos boats, Abydos, Egypt, Achaemenid Empire, Administration (government), Aegean Sea, Affricate, Afghanistan, African humid period, Afroasiatic languages, Afterlife, Agricultural productivity, Ahmose I, Akhenaten, Akkadian Empire, Al-Maqrizi, Alabaster, Alexander the Great, Alexandre Cabanel, Alexandria, Alluvium, Amarna, Amarna art, Amarna Period, Amenemhat I, Amenemhat III, Amenemhat IV, American Journal of Biological Anthropology, Amethyst, Ammit, Amratian culture, Amun, Analytic language, Anatolia, Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, Ancient Egyptian agriculture, Ancient Egyptian architecture, Ancient Egyptian deities, Ancient Egyptian funerary texts, Ancient Egyptian literature, Ancient Egyptian mathematics, Ancient Egyptian medicine, Ancient Egyptian multiplication, Ancient Egyptian navy, Ancient Egyptian pottery, Ancient Egyptian religion, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient history, ... Expand index (490 more) »
- Bronze Age civilizations
- Cradle of civilization
- History of Egypt by period
Abscess
An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.
Abu Haggag Mosque
The Mosque of Abu Haggag (Arabic: مسجد أبو الحجاج بالأقصر) is a mosque in Luxor, Egypt.
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Abydos boats
The Abydos boats are the remnants of a group of ancient royal Egyptian ceremonial boats found at an archaeological site in Abydos, Egypt.
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Abydos, Egypt
Abydos (Abīdūs or; Sahidic Ⲉⲃⲱⲧ) is one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, and also of the eighth nome in Upper Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Abydos, Egypt
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Ancient Egypt and Achaemenid Empire are former empires in Africa and former empires in Asia.
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Administration (government)
The term administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to the jurisdiction under which it operates.
See Ancient Egypt and Administration (government)
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia.
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Affricate
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
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African humid period
The African humid period (AHP; also known by other names) is a climate period in Africa during the late Pleistocene and Holocene geologic epochs, when northern Africa was wetter than today.
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Afroasiatic languages
The Afroasiatic languages (or Afro-Asiatic, sometimes Afrasian), also known as Hamito-Semitic or Semito-Hamitic, are a language family (or "phylum") of about 400 languages spoken predominantly in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara and Sahel.
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Afterlife
The afterlife or life after death is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousness or identity continues to exist after the death of their physical body.
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Agricultural productivity
Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs.
See Ancient Egypt and Agricultural productivity
Ahmose I
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Akhenaten
Akhenaten (pronounced), also spelled Akhenaton or Echnaton (ꜣḫ-n-jtn ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy,, meaning 'Effective for the Aten'), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
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Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Ancient Egypt and Akkadian Empire are former empires in Asia.
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Al-Maqrizi
Al-Maqrīzī (المقريزي, full name Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī, تقي الدين أحمد بن علي بن عبد القادر بن محمد المقريزي; 1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid era, and the earlier periods of Egyptian history.
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Alabaster
Alabaster is a mineral and a soft rock used for carvings and as a source of plaster powder.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
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Alexandre Cabanel
Alexandre Cabanel (28 September 1823 – 23 January 1889) was a French painter.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
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Alluvium
Alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.
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Amarna
Amarna (al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty.
Amarna art
Amarna art, or the Amarna style, is a style adopted in the Amarna Period during and just after the reign of Akhenaten (r. 1351–1334 BC) in the late Eighteenth Dynasty, during the New Kingdom.
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Amarna Period
The Amarna Period was an era of Egyptian history during the later half of the Eighteenth Dynasty when the royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna.
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Amenemhat I
Amenemhat I (Ancient Egyptian: Ỉmn-m-ḥꜣt meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet I, was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the first king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom.
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Amenemhat III
Amenemhat III (Ancient Egyptian: Ỉmn-m-hꜣt meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet III, was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the sixth king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom.
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Amenemhat IV
Amenemhat IV (also known as Amenemhet IV) was the seventh and penultimateJürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz: Philip von Zabern, 1999,, see pp.
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American Journal of Biological Anthropology
The American Journal of Biological AnthropologyInfo pages about the renaming are: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/26927691/homepage/productinformation.html and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/26927691 (previously known as the American Journal of Physical Anthropology) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official journal of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists.
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Amethyst
Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz.
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Ammit
Ammit (ꜥm-mwt, "Devourer of the Dead"; also rendered Ammut or Ahemait) was an ancient Egyptian goddess with the forequarters of a lion, the hindquarters of a hippopotamus, and the head of a crocodile—the three largest "man-eating" animals known to ancient Egyptians.
Amratian culture
The Amratian culture, also called Naqada I, was an archaeological culture of prehistoric Upper Egypt.
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Amun
Amun was a major ancient Egyptian deity who appears as a member of the Hermopolitan Ogdoad.
Analytic language
An analytic language is a type of natural language in which a series of root/stem words is accompanied by prepositions, postpositions, particles and modifiers, using affixes very rarely.
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Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
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Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination
The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. Egypt has had a legendary image in the Western world through the Greek and Hebrew traditions.
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Ancient Egyptian agriculture
The civilization of ancient Egypt was indebted to the Nile River and its dependable seasonal flooding.
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Ancient Egyptian architecture
Spanning over three thousand years, ancient Egypt was not one stable civilization but in constant change and upheaval, commonly split into periods by historians.
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Ancient Egyptian deities
Ancient Egyptian deities are the gods and goddesses worshipped in ancient Egypt.
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Ancient Egyptian funerary texts
The literature that makes up the ancient Egyptian funerary texts is a collection of religious documents that were used in ancient Egypt, usually to help the spirit of the concerned person to be preserved in the afterlife.
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Ancient Egyptian literature
Ancient Egyptian literature was written with the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination.
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Ancient Egyptian mathematics
Ancient Egyptian mathematics is the mathematics that was developed and used in Ancient Egypt 3000 to c., from the Old Kingdom of Egypt until roughly the beginning of Hellenistic Egypt.
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Ancient Egyptian medicine
The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented.
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Ancient Egyptian multiplication
In mathematics, ancient Egyptian multiplication (also known as Egyptian multiplication, Ethiopian multiplication, Russian multiplication, or peasant multiplication), one of two multiplication methods used by scribes, is a systematic method for multiplying two numbers that does not require the multiplication table, only the ability to multiply and divide by 2, and to add.
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Ancient Egyptian navy
The ancient Egyptian navy has a very extensive history almost as old as the nation itself.
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Ancient Egyptian pottery
Ancient Egyptian pottery includes all objects of fired clay from ancient Egypt.
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Ancient Egyptian religion
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
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Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
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Ancient history
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity.
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Ancient Libya
During the Iron Age and Classical antiquity, Libya (from Greek Λιβύη: Libyē, which came from Berber: Libu) referred to modern-day Africa west of the Nile river.
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Ancient Macedonians
The Macedonians (Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece.
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Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, and northeastern Syria), ancient Egypt, ancient Persia (Elam, Media, Parthia, and Persis), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus) and the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient Egypt and ancient Near East are history of the Mediterranean.
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Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.
Animal fat
Animal fats and oils are lipids derived from animals: oils are liquid at room temperature, and fats are solid.
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Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.
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Anno Domini
The terms anno Domini. (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
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Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans.
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Arab conquest of Egypt
The Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of 'Amr ibn al-'As, took place between 639 and 642 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate.
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Arab News
Arab News is an English-language daily newspaper published in Saudi Arabia.
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Arabic grammar
Arabic grammar (النَّحْوُ العَرَبِيُّ) is the grammar of the Arabic language.
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Archaeological Institute of America
The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is North America's oldest society and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology.
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Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Archaeology (magazine)
Archaeology is a bimonthly magazine for the general public, published by the Archaeological Institute of America.
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Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
The archaeology of Ancient Egypt is the study of the archaeology of Egypt, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history.
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Archeological Map of Egypt
The Archeological Map of Egypt is an archeological Geographical Information System (GIS) documenting Egyptian archaeological sites at the national, site, and monument levels.
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Architectural sculpture
Architectural sculpture is the use of sculptural techniques by an architect and/or sculptor in the design of a building, bridge, mausoleum or other such project.
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Archive
An archive is an accumulation of historical records or materials – in any medium – or the physical facility in which they are located.
Art of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt.
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Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any member of a class of dedicated words that are used with noun phrases to mark the identifiability of the referents of the noun phrases.
See Ancient Egypt and Article (grammar)
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Ancient Egypt and Assyria are Bronze Age civilizations and former empires in Asia.
Assyrian conquest of Egypt
The Assyrian conquest of Egypt covered a relatively short period of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 673 to 663 BCE.
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Asthma
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
Aten
Aten, also Aton, Atonu, or Itn (jtn, reconstructed) was the focus of Atenism, the religious system formally established in ancient Egypt by the late Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Akhenaten.
Atenism
Atenism, also known as the Aten religion, the Amarna religion, and the Amarna heresy, was a religion in ancient Egypt.
Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes and aubergine (eggplant).
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Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.
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Autobiography of Harkhuf
The Autobiography of Harkhuf is a private tomb inscription from ancient Egypt.
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Autobiography of Weni
The Autobiography of Weni is a tomb inscription from Ancient Egypt, which is significant to Egyptology studies.
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Avaris
Avaris (Egyptian: ḥw.t wꜥr.t, sometimes hut-waret; Auaris; Ávaris; Hawwara) was the Hyksos capital of Egypt located at the modern site of Tell el-Dab'a in the northeastern region of the Nile Delta.
Ay (pharaoh)
Ay was the penultimate pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty.
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Badarian culture
The Badarian culture provides the earliest direct evidence of agriculture in Upper Egypt during the Predynastic Era.
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Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
Bastet
Bastet or Bast (bꜣstjt, Oubaste, Phoenician: 𐤀𐤁𐤎𐤕, romanized: ’bst, or 𐤁𐤎𐤕, romanized: bst) is a goddess of ancient Egyptian religion possibly of Nubian origin, worshipped as early as the Second Dynasty (2890 BC).
Battle of Actium
The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
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Battle of Kadesh
The Battle of Kadesh took place in the 13th century BC between the Egyptian Empire led by pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire led by king Muwatalli II.
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Battle of Pelusium
The Battle of Pelusium was the first major battle between the Achaemenid Empire and Egypt.
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Battle of Perire
The Battle of Perire was fought around 1208 BC between the New Kingdom of Egypt, led by the pharaoh Merneptah, and a coalition of Libyan tribes and Sea Peoples.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
Beauty and cosmetics in ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians regarded beauty as a sign of holiness.
See Ancient Egypt and Beauty and cosmetics in ancient Egypt
Beni Hasan
Beni Hasan (also written as Bani Hasan, or also Beni-Hassan) (بني حسن) is an ancient Egyptian cemetery.
See Ancient Egypt and Beni Hasan
Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Ancient Egypt and Berber languages
Berbers
Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also called by their endonym Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Arab migrations to the Maghreb.
Biblical Archaeology Society
The Biblical Archaeology Society was established in 1974 by American lawyer Hershel Shanks, as a non-sectarian organisation that supports and promotes biblical archaeology.
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Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective.
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Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body.
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Bow and arrow
The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device (bow) and long-shafted projectiles (arrows).
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British school of diffusionism
The British school of diffusionism was an archaeological and anthropological movement which believed ancient Egypt was the source of all human culture.
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Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
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Bubastis
Bubastis (Bohairic Coptic: Ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥϯ Poubasti; Greek: Βούβαστις Boubastis or Βούβαστος Boubastos), also known in Arabic as Tell-Basta or in Egyptian as Per-Bast, was an ancient Egyptian city.
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Buhen
Buhen, alternatively known as Βοὥν (Bohón) in Ancient Greek, stands as a significant ancient Egyptian settlement on the western bank of the Nile, just below the Second Cataract in present-day Northern State, Sudan.
Building material
Building material is material used for construction.
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Bulletin of the American Society of Overseas Research
The Bulletin of the American Society of Overseas Research (BASOR), formerly the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, is one of three academic journals published by the American Society of Overseas Research.
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Byblos
Byblos (Βύβλος), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Jubayl, locally Jbeil; 𐤂𐤁𐤋,, probably Gebal), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Ancient Egypt and Byzantine Empire are former empires in Africa, former empires in Asia and history of the Mediterranean.
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Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.
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Cambyses II
Cambyses II (translit) was the second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 530 to 522 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Cambyses II
Canaan
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes.
Canopic jar
Canopic jars are containers that were used by the ancient Egyptians during the mummification process, to store and preserve the viscera of their owner for the afterlife.
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Capital city
A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational division, usually as its seat of the government.
See Ancient Egypt and Capital city
Carnelian
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone.
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Cartonnage
Cartonnage or cartonage is a type of material used in ancient Egyptian funerary masks from the First Intermediate Period to the Roman era.
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Cataracts of the Nile
The Cataracts of the Nile are shallow lengths (or whitewater rapids) of the Nile river, between Khartoum and Aswan, where the surface of the water is broken by many small boulders and stones jutting out of the river bed, as well as many rocky islets.
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Cats in ancient Egypt
In ancient Egypt, cats were represented in social and religious scenes dating as early as 1980 BC.
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Cattle count
In ancient Egypt, the cattle count was one of the two main means of evaluating the amount of taxes to be levied, the other one being the height of the annual inundation.
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Caulk
Caulk or caulking is a material used to seal joints or seams against leakage in various structures and piping.
Central government
A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state.
See Ancient Egypt and Central government
Ceramic glaze
Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics.
See Ancient Egypt and Ceramic glaze
Chaff
Chaff is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective seed casings of cereal grains, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw.
Chamber tomb
A chamber tomb is a tomb for burial used in many different cultures.
See Ancient Egypt and Chamber tomb
Chariot
A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power.
Chariotry in ancient Egypt
In ancient Egyptian society chariotry stood as an independent unit in the King’s military force.
See Ancient Egypt and Chariotry in ancient Egypt
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
See Ancient Egypt and Christianity
Christopher Ehret
Christopher Ehret (born 27 July 1941), who currently holds the position of Distinguished Research Professor at UCLA, is an American scholar of African history and African historical linguistics particularly known for his efforts to correlate linguistic taxonomy and reconstruction with the archeological record.
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Church (building)
A church, church building, or church house is a building used for Christian worship services and other Christian religious activities.
See Ancient Egypt and Church (building)
Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre.
Civilization
A civilization (civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).
See Ancient Egypt and Civilization
Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Θεά ΦιλοπάτωρThe name Cleopatra is pronounced, or sometimes in British English, see, the same as in American English.. Her name was pronounced in the Greek dialect of Egypt (see Koine Greek phonology);Also "Thea Neotera", lit.
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Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners
Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners (Cléopâtre essayant des poisons sur des condamnés à mort) is an 1887 painting by the French artist Alexandre Cabanel.
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Code of law
A code of law, also called a law code or legal code, is a systematic collection of statutes.
See Ancient Egypt and Code of law
Coffin Texts
The Coffin Texts are a collection of ancient Egyptian funerary spells written on coffins beginning in the First Intermediate Period.
See Ancient Egypt and Coffin Texts
Colonies in antiquity
Colonies in antiquity were post-Iron Age city-states founded from a mother-city or metropolis rather than a territory-at-large.
See Ancient Egypt and Colonies in antiquity
Colony
A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule.
Commander
Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank as well as a job title in many armies.
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Composite bow
A composite bow is a traditional bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together, a form of laminated bow.
See Ancient Egypt and Composite bow
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
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Coptic language
Coptic (Bohairic Coptic) is a group of closely related Egyptian dialects, representing the most recent developments of the Egyptian language, and historically spoken by the Copts, starting from the third century AD in Roman Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Coptic language
Coptic Orthodox Church
The Coptic Orthodox Church (lit), also known as the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt.
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Coptic script
The Coptic script is the script used for writing the Coptic language, the most recent development of Egyptian.
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Corvée
Corvée is a form of unpaid forced labour that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain number of days' work each year.
Cosmetic palette
Cosmetic palettes are archaeological artifacts, originally used in predynastic Egypt to grind and apply ingredients for facial or body cosmetics.
See Ancient Egypt and Cosmetic palette
Costume jewelry
Costume or fashion jewelry includes a range of decorative items worn for personal adornment that are manufactured as less expensive ornamentation to complement a particular fashionable outfit or garmentBaker, Lillian.
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Courtyard
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky.
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Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.
See Ancient Egypt and Criminal law
Crop yield
In agriculture, the yield is a measurement of the amount of a crop grown, or product such as wool, meat or milk produced, per unit area of land.
See Ancient Egypt and Crop yield
Currency
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins.
See Ancient Egypt and Currency
Cushi
The word Cushi or Kushi (כּוּשִׁי colloquial) is generally used in the Hebrew Bible to refer to a dark-skinned person of African descent, equivalent to Greek Αἰθίοψ "Aithíops".
Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus, better known by the common names papyrus, papyrus sedge, paper reed, Indian matting plant, or Nile grass, is a species of aquatic flowering plant belonging to the sedge family Cyperaceae.
See Ancient Egypt and Cyperus papyrus
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Deben (unit)
The deben was an ancient Egyptian weight unit.
See Ancient Egypt and Deben (unit)
Decimal
The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers.
Decipherment of ancient Egyptian scripts
The writing systems used in ancient Egypt were deciphered in the early nineteenth century through the work of several European scholars, especially Jean-François Champollion and Thomas Young.
See Ancient Egypt and Decipherment of ancient Egyptian scripts
Deir el-Medina
Deir el-Medina (دير المدينة), or Dayr al-Madīnah, is an ancient Egyptian workmen's village which was home to the artisans who worked on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings during the 18th to 20th Dynasties of the New Kingdom of Egypt (ca. 1550–1080 BCE)Oakes, p. 110 The settlement's ancient name was Set maat ("Place of Truth"), and the workmen who lived there were called "Servants in the Place of Truth".
See Ancient Egypt and Deir el-Medina
Demotic (Egyptian)
Demotic (from δημοτικός dēmotikós, 'popular') is the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta.
See Ancient Egypt and Demotic (Egyptian)
Description de l'Égypte
The Description de l'Égypte ("Description of Egypt") was a series of publications, appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalog all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history.
See Ancient Egypt and Description de l'Égypte
Desiccation
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
See Ancient Egypt and Desiccation
Dhul-Nun al-Misri
Dhūl-Nūn Abū l-Fayḍ Thawbān b. Ibrāhīm al-Miṣrī (ذو النون المصري; d. Giza, in 245/859 or 248/862), often referred to as Dhūl-Nūn al-Miṣrī or Zūl-Nūn al-Miṣrī for short, was an early Egyptian Muslim mystic and ascetic.
See Ancient Egypt and Dhul-Nun al-Misri
Diocletian
Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Diokletianós; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305.
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Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Diódōros; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian.
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Discover (magazine)
Discover is an American general audience science magazine launched in October 1980 by Time Inc.
See Ancient Egypt and Discover (magazine)
Divine right of kings
In European Christianity, the divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandation, is a political and religious doctrine of political legitimacy of a monarchy.
See Ancient Egypt and Divine right of kings
Djoser
Djoser (also read as Djeser and Zoser) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty during the Old Kingdom, and was the founder of that epoch.
Domestication
Domestication is a multi-generational mutualistic relationship in which an animal species, such as humans or leafcutter ants, takes over control and care of another species, such as sheep or fungi, to obtain from them a steady supply of resources, such as meat, milk, or labor.
See Ancient Egypt and Domestication
Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)
The Early Dynastic Period, also known as Archaic Period or the Thinite Period (from Thinis, the hometown of its rulers), is the era of ancient Egypt that immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in.
See Ancient Egypt and Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)
Early modern human
Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (the only extant Hominina species) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species.
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Eastern Desert
The Eastern Desert (known archaically as Arabia or the Arabian Desert) is the part of the Sahara Desert that is located east of the Nile River.
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Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea.
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Ebers Papyrus
The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to (the late Second Intermediate Period or early New Kingdom).
See Ancient Egypt and Ebers Papyrus
Edwin Smith Papyrus
The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text, named after Edwin Smith who bought it in 1862, and the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma.
See Ancient Egypt and Edwin Smith Papyrus
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
Egypt–Mesopotamia relations were the relations between the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, in the Middle East.
See Ancient Egypt and Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
Egyptian algebra
In the history of mathematics, Egyptian algebra, as that term is used in this article, refers to algebra as it was developed and used in ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian algebra
Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic, locally known as Colloquial Egyptian (اللغة العامية المصرية.), or simply Masri (also Masry) (مَصرى), is the most widely spoken vernacular Arabic variety in Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian blue
Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi4O10 or CaOCuO(SiO2)4 (calcium copper tetrasilicate)) or cuprorivaite, is a pigment that was used in ancient Egypt for thousands of years.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian blue
Egyptian chronology
The majority of Egyptologists agree on the outline and many details of the chronology of Ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian chronology
Egyptian cuisine
Egyptian cuisine makes heavy use of poultry, legumes, vegetables and fruit from Egypt's rich Nile Valley and Delta.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian cuisine
Egyptian faience
Egyptian faience is a sintered-quartz ceramic material from Ancient Egypt.
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Egyptian fraction
An Egyptian fraction is a finite sum of distinct unit fractions, such as \frac+\frac+\frac.
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Egyptian geometry
Egyptian geometry refers to geometry as it was developed and used in Ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian geometry
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian language
The Egyptian language, or Ancient Egyptian, is an extinct branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages that was spoken in ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian language
Egyptian medical papyri
Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian medical papyri
Egyptian mythology
Egyptian mythology is the collection of myths from ancient Egypt, which describe the actions of the Egyptian gods as a means of understanding the world around them.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian mythology
Egyptian numerals
The system of ancient Egyptian numerals was used in Ancient Egypt from around 3000 BC until the early first millennium AD.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian numerals
Egyptian pyramids
The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian pyramids
Egyptian temple
Egyptian temples were built for the official worship of the gods and in commemoration of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt and regions under Egyptian control.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian temple
Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty
The Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty, also known as the Eternal Treaty or the Silver Treaty, is the only Ancient Near Eastern treaty for which the versions of both sides have survived.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty
Egyptians
Egyptians (translit,; translit,; remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt.
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Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; علمالمصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Egyptology
Elam
Elam (Linear Elamite: hatamti; Cuneiform Elamite:; Sumerian:; Akkadian:; עֵילָם ʿēlām; 𐎢𐎺𐎩 hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. Ancient Egypt and Elam are ancient peoples.
Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
The Eleventh Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XI) is a well-attested group of rulers.
See Ancient Egypt and Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
Embalming
Embalming is the art and science of preserving human remains by treating them (in its modern form with chemicals) to forestall decomposition.
See Ancient Egypt and Embalming
Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.
Emmer
Emmer wheat or hulled wheat is a type of awned wheat.
Emphatic consonant
In Semitic linguistics, an emphatic consonant is an obstruent consonant which originally contrasted, and often still contrasts, with an analogous voiced or voiceless obstruent by means of a secondary articulation.
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Empirical evidence
Empirical evidence for a proposition is evidence, i.e. what supports or counters this proposition, that is constituted by or accessible to sense experience or experimental procedure.
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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Ancient Egypt and Encyclopædia Britannica
End of the 19th Dynasty
The end of the 19th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is a period of short-reigning rulers.
See Ancient Egypt and End of the 19th Dynasty
Eye of Providence
The Eye of Providence or All-Seeing Eye is a symbol depicting an eye, often enclosed in a triangle and surrounded by a ray of light or a halo, intended to represent Providence, as the eye watches over the workers of mankind.
See Ancient Egypt and Eye of Providence
Faiyum Oasis
The Faiyum Oasis (واحة الفيومWaḥet El Fayyum) is a depression or basin in the desert immediately west of the Nile river, 62 miles south of Cairo, Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Faiyum Oasis
Fish
A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.
Flail
A flail is an agricultural tool used for threshing, the process of separating grains from their husks.
Flax
Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, Linum usitatissimum, in the family Linaceae.
Flint
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone.
Flooding of the Nile
The flooding of the Nile has been an important natural cycle in Nubia and Egypt since ancient times.
See Ancient Egypt and Flooding of the Nile
Foreign contacts of ancient Egypt
The following is a chronicle of predynastic and ancient Egyptian foreign contacts up through 343 BC. Ancient Egypt and foreign contacts of ancient Egypt are ancient peoples.
See Ancient Egypt and Foreign contacts of ancient Egypt
Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
Fraction
A fraction (from fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts.
See Ancient Egypt and Fraction
Fricative
A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
See Ancient Egypt and Fricative
Funerary art
Funerary art is any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead.
See Ancient Egypt and Funerary art
Galena
Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS).
Genetic history of the Middle East
The genetic history of the Middle East is the subject of research within the fields of human population genomics, archaeogenetics and Middle Eastern studies.
See Ancient Egypt and Genetic history of the Middle East
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
See Ancient Egypt and Genetics
Gerzeh culture
The Gerzeh culture, also called Naqada II, refers to the archaeological stage at Gerzeh (also Girza or Jirzah), a prehistoric Egyptian cemetery located along the west bank of the Nile.
See Ancient Egypt and Gerzeh culture
Giza pyramid complex
The Giza pyramid complex (also called the Giza necropolis) in Egypt is home to the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with their associated pyramid complexes and the Great Sphinx.
See Ancient Egypt and Giza pyramid complex
Glossary of ancient Egypt artifacts
This is a glossary of ancient Egypt artifacts.
See Ancient Egypt and Glossary of ancient Egypt artifacts
God
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith.
God's Wife of Amun
God's Wife of Amun (Egyptian: ḥm.t nṯr n ỉmn) was the highest-ranking priestess of the Amun cult, an important religious institution in ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and God's Wife of Amun
Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.
See Ancient Egypt and Gold mining
Grammatical particle
In grammar, the term particle (abbreviated) has a traditional meaning, as a part of speech that cannot be inflected, and a modern meaning, as a function word (functor) associated with another word or phrase in order to impart meaning.
See Ancient Egypt and Grammatical particle
Grammatical person
In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person).
See Ancient Egypt and Grammatical person
Granary
A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain or animal feed.
Grazing
In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to free range (roam around) and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other forages into meat, milk, wool and other animal products, often on land that is unsuitable for arable farming.
Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.
See Ancient Egypt and Great Pyramid of Giza
Great Seal of the United States
The Great Seal is the seal of the United States of America.
See Ancient Egypt and Great Seal of the United States
Great Sphinx of Giza
The Great Sphinx of Giza is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion.
See Ancient Egypt and Great Sphinx of Giza
Greco-Roman world
The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans. Ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world are history of the Mediterranean.
See Ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world
Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Greek alphabet
Greywacke
Greywacke or graywacke (German grauwacke, signifying a grey, earthy rock) is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness, dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or sand-size lithic fragments set in a compact, clay-fine matrix.
See Ancient Egypt and Greywacke
Growing season
A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and the amount of daylight.
See Ancient Egypt and Growing season
Gum arabic
Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names) is a natural gum originally consisting of the hardened sap of two species of the Acacia tree, Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal. However, the term "gum arabic" does not actually indicate a particular botanical source.
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Gypsum
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula.
Hand drill (hieroglyph)
The Hand drill is a hieroglyph, (and tool), used in ancient Egypt from the earliest dynasties.
See Ancient Egypt and Hand drill (hieroglyph)
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut (BC) was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II and the fifth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling first as regent, then as queen regnant from until (Low Chronology).
See Ancient Egypt and Hatshepsut
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Ancient Egypt and Hellenistic period
Hellenistic religion
The concept of Hellenistic religion as the late form of Ancient Greek religion covers any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (300 BCE to 300 CE).
See Ancient Egypt and Hellenistic religion
Heracleopolis Magna
Heracleopolis Magna (Μεγάλη Ἡρακλέους πόλις, Megálē Herakléous pólis), Heracleopolis (Ἡρακλεόπολις, Herakleópolis) or Herakleoupolis (Ἡρακλεούπολις) is the Roman name of the capital of the 20th nome of ancient Upper Egypt, known in Ancient Egyptian as nn nswt.
See Ancient Egypt and Heracleopolis Magna
Heraclius
Heraclius (Hērákleios; – 11 February 641) was Byzantine emperor from 610 to 641.
See Ancient Egypt and Heraclius
Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.
See Ancient Egypt and Herodotus
Hieratic
Hieratic (priestly) is the name given to a cursive writing system used for Ancient Egyptian and the principal script used to write that language from its development in the third millennium BCE until the rise of Demotic in the mid-first millennium BCE.
See Ancient Egypt and Hieratic
High Priest of Amun
The High Priest of Amun or First Prophet of Amun (ḥm nṯr tpj n jmn) was the highest-ranking priest in the priesthood of the ancient Egyptian god Amun.
See Ancient Egypt and High Priest of Amun
History of ancient Egypt
The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and History of ancient Egypt
History of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa; the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of years.
See Ancient Egypt and History of Ethiopia
History of Persian Egypt
The history of Persian Egypt is divided into two eras following the first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt punctuated by an interval of independence.
See Ancient Egypt and History of Persian Egypt
Hittites
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia. Ancient Egypt and Hittites are history of the Mediterranean.
See Ancient Egypt and Hittites
Hor-Aha
Hor-Aha (or Aha or Horus Aha) is considered the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt by some Egyptologists, while others consider him the first one and corresponding to Menes.
Horemheb
Horemheb, also spelled Horemhab, Haremheb or Haremhab (ḥr-m-ḥb, meaning "Horus is in Jubilation"), was the last pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt (1550–1292 BC).
See Ancient Egypt and Horemheb
Horn of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.
See Ancient Egypt and Horn of Africa
Hounds and jackals
Hounds and jackals or dogs and jackals is the modern name given to an ancient Egyptian tables game that is known from several examples of gaming boards and gaming pieces found in excavations.
See Ancient Egypt and Hounds and jackals
Hull (watercraft)
A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat.
See Ancient Egypt and Hull (watercraft)
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).
See Ancient Egypt and Hunter-gatherer
Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptian culture is full of rich traditions and practices that up to the present day we continue to learn more about.
See Ancient Egypt and Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt
Hyksos
The Hyksos (Egyptian ḥqꜣ(w)-ḫꜣswt, Egyptological pronunciation: heqau khasut, "ruler(s) of foreign lands"), in modern Egyptology, are the kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (fl. c. 1650–1550 BC).
Hypostyle
In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a roof which is supported by columns.
See Ancient Egypt and Hypostyle
Hypotenuse
In geometry, a hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle.
See Ancient Egypt and Hypotenuse
Iberomaurusian
The Iberomaurusian is a backed bladelet lithic industry found near the coasts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
See Ancient Egypt and Iberomaurusian
Imhotep
Imhotep (ỉỉ-m-ḥtp "(the one who) comes in peace") was an Egyptian chancellor to the Pharaoh Djoser, possible architect of Djoser's step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis.
Impalement
Impalement, as a method of torture and execution, is the penetration of a human by an object such as a stake, pole, spear, or hook, often by the complete or partial perforation of the torso.
See Ancient Egypt and Impalement
Income
Income is the consumption and saving opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.
Index of ancient Egypt–related articles
This page list topics related to ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Index of ancient Egypt–related articles
Instruction of Amenemope
Instruction of Amenemope (also called Instructions of Amenemopet, Wisdom of Amenemopet) is a literary work composed in Ancient Egypt, most likely during the Ramesside Period (ca. 1300–1075 BCE); it contains thirty chapters of advice for successful living, ostensibly written by the scribe Amenemope son of Kanakht as a legacy for his son.
See Ancient Egypt and Instruction of Amenemope
Instruction of Any
The Instruction of Any, or Ani, is an Ancient Egyptian text written in the style of wisdom literature which is thought to have been composed in the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom, with a surviving manuscript dated from the Twenty-First or Twenty-Second Dynasty.
See Ancient Egypt and Instruction of Any
Intef I
Sehertawy Intef I was a local nomarch at Thebes during the early First Intermediate Period and the first member of the 11th Dynasty to lay claim to a Horus name.
Ipuwer Papyrus
The Ipuwer Papyrus (officially Papyrus Leiden I 344 recto) is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus made during the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and now held in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden, Netherlands.
See Ancient Egypt and Ipuwer Papyrus
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns.
See Ancient Egypt and Irrigation
Isis
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Israel Exploration Society
The Israel Exploration Society (IES) (Hebrew:החברה לחקירת ארץ ישראל ועתיקותיה - Hakhevra Lekhakirat Eretz Yisrael Va'atikoteha), originally the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, is a society devoted to historical, geographical and archaeological research of the Land of Israel.
See Ancient Egypt and Israel Exploration Society
Itjtawy
Itjtawy or It-Towy ("Seizer of the Two Lands"), also known by its full name Amenemhat-itjtawy ("Amenemhat seizes the Two Lands"), was an ancient Egyptian royal city established by pharaoh Amenemhat I. As yet, Itjtawy’s exact location remains unidentified.
Jean-François Champollion
Jean-François Champollion, also known as Champollion le jeune ('the Younger'; 23 December 17904 March 1832), was a French philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding figure in the field of Egyptology.
See Ancient Egypt and Jean-François Champollion
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA) is a bi-annual peer-reviewed international academic journal published by the Egypt Exploration Society.
See Ancient Egypt and Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
The Journal of Near Eastern Studies is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press, covering research on the ancient and medieval civilizations of the Near East, including their archaeology, art, history, literature, linguistics, religion, law, and science.
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Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
The Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (JARCE) is an academic journal published for the American Research Center in Egypt by Lockwood Press.
See Ancient Egypt and Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
Kamose
Kamose was the last Pharaoh of the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty.
Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Carolus Richardius Lepsius) (23 December 181010 July 1884) was a Prussian Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.
See Ancient Egypt and Karl Richard Lepsius
Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt.
Khasekhemwy
Khasekhemwy (ca. 2690 BC; Ḫꜥj-sḫm.wj, also rendered Kha-sekhemui) was the last Pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Khasekhemwy
Khopesh
The khopesh (ḫpš; also vocalized khepesh) is an Egyptian sickle-shaped sword that developed from battle axes.
Khufu
Khufu or Cheops was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC).
Khufu ship
The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Khufu ship
Kingdom of Kush
The Kingdom of Kush (Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 kꜣš, Assyrian: Kûsi, in LXX Χους or Αἰθιοπία; ⲉϭⲱϣ Ecōš; כּוּשׁ Kūš), also known as the Kushite Empire, or simply Kush, was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, centered along the Nile Valley in what is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt. Ancient Egypt and kingdom of Kush are former empires in Africa.
See Ancient Egypt and Kingdom of Kush
Lake Timsah
Lake Timsah, also known as Crocodile Lake (بُحَيْرة التِّمْسَاح); is a lake in Egypt on the Nile delta.
See Ancient Egypt and Lake Timsah
Land management
Land management is the process of managing the use and development of land resources (in both urban and rural settings, but it is mostly managed in Urban places).
See Ancient Egypt and Land management
Land of Punt
The Land of Punt (Egyptian: pwnt; alternate Egyptological readings Pwene(t)) was an ancient kingdom known from Ancient Egyptian trade records.
See Ancient Egypt and Land of Punt
Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds.
See Ancient Egypt and Land reclamation
Lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
See Ancient Egypt and Lapis lazuli
Late Period of ancient Egypt
The Late Period of ancient Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period in the 26th Saite Dynasty founded by Psamtik I, but includes the time of Achaemenid Persian rule over Egypt after the conquest by Cambyses II in 525 BC as well.
See Ancient Egypt and Late Period of ancient Egypt
Lead
Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay.
Leontopolis
Leontopolis was an ancient Egyptian city located in the Nile Delta, Lower Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Leontopolis
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.
Library of Alexandria
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.
See Ancient Egypt and Library of Alexandria
Libyan Desert
The Libyan Desert (not to be confused with the Libyan Sahara) is a geographical region filling the northeastern Sahara Desert, from eastern Libya to the Western Desert of Egypt and far northwestern Sudan.
See Ancient Egypt and Libyan Desert
Life expectancy
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.
See Ancient Egypt and Life expectancy
Lighthouse of Alexandria
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria (ho Pháros tês Alexandreías, contemporary Koine; فنار الإسكندرية), was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC).
See Ancient Egypt and Lighthouse of Alexandria
Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
See Ancient Egypt and Linguistics
Lion
The lion (Panthera leo) is a large cat of the genus Panthera, native to Africa and India.
List of ancient Egyptians
This is a list of ancient Egyptian people who have articles on Wikipedia.
See Ancient Egypt and List of ancient Egyptians
List of ball games
This is a list of ball games and ball sports that include a ball as a key element in the activity, usually for scoring points.
See Ancient Egypt and List of ball games
List of historical capitals of Egypt
The current capital of Egypt is Cairo.
See Ancient Egypt and List of historical capitals of Egypt
List of rock formations
A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop.
See Ancient Egypt and List of rock formations
List of Theban tombs
The Theban Necropolis is located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Luxor, in Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and List of Theban tombs
Lithic flake
In archaeology, a lithic flake is a "portion of rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure,"Andrefsky, W. (2005) Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis.
See Ancient Egypt and Lithic flake
Lower Egypt
Lower Egypt (مصر السفلى) is the northernmost region of Egypt, which consists of the fertile Nile Delta between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea, from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur.
See Ancient Egypt and Lower Egypt
Lute
A lute is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.
Luxor Temple
The Luxor Temple (معبد الأقصر) is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE.
See Ancient Egypt and Luxor Temple
Lyre
The lyre is a stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the lute family of instruments.
Maat
Maat or Maʽat (Egyptian: ''mꜣꜥt'' /ˈmuʀʕat/, Coptic: ⲙⲉⲓ) comprised the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice.
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Macedonia (Μακεδονία), also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
See Ancient Egypt and Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Malachite
Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2.
See Ancient Egypt and Malachite
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Malkata
Malkata (or Malqata; lit), is the site of an Ancient Egyptian palace complex built during the New Kingdom, by the 18th Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Manetho
Manetho (Μανέθων Manéthōn, gen.: Μανέθωνος) is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytos (translit) who lived in the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the early third century BC, during the Hellenistic period.
Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocratic Roman Empire.
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Mastaba
A mastaba, also mastabah or mastabat) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward sloping sides, constructed out of mudbricks or limestone. These edifices marked the burial sites of many eminent Egyptians during Egypt's Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom.
Mathematical notation
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas.
See Ancient Egypt and Mathematical notation
Mehen (game)
Mehen is a board game which was played in ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Mehen (game)
Memphis, Egypt
Memphis (Manf,; Bohairic ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ; Μέμφις), or Men-nefer, was the ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, the first nome of Lower Egypt that was known as mḥw ("North").
See Ancient Egypt and Memphis, Egypt
Menes
Menes (mnj, probably pronounced *; Μήνης and Μήν) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty.
Mentuhotep II
Mentuhotep II (ḥtp, meaning "Mentu is satisfied"), also known under his prenomen Nebhepetre (Rˁ, meaning "The Lord of the rudder is Ra"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty.
See Ancient Egypt and Mentuhotep II
Merneptah
Merneptah or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213–2 May 1203 BCE) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
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Meroë
Meroë (also spelled Meroe; Meroitic: Medewi; translit and label; translit) was an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum.
Meroitic script
The Meroitic script consists of two alphasyllabic scripts developed to write the Meroitic language at the beginning of the Meroitic Period (3rd century BC) of the Kingdom of Kush.
See Ancient Egypt and Meroitic script
Mersa Gawasis
Mersa Gawasis (Ancient Egyptian Saww) is a small Egyptian harbour on the Red Sea and a former Egyptian port city.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an encyclopedic art museum in New York City.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
See Ancient Egypt and Middle Ages
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt following a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period.
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Military of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the northern reaches of the Nile River in Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Military of ancient Egypt
Mineral (nutrient)
In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element.
See Ancient Egypt and Mineral (nutrient)
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt)
The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is the Egyptian government organization which serves to protect and preserve the heritage and ancient history of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt)
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age culture which was centered on the island of Crete.
See Ancient Egypt and Minoan civilization
Mitanni
Mitanni (–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts,; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or Naharin in Egyptian texts, was a Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) with Indo-Aryan linguistic and political influences.
Mortise and tenon
A mortise and tenon (occasionally mortice and tenon) joint connects two pieces of wood or other material.
See Ancient Egypt and Mortise and tenon
Moscow Mathematical Papyrus
The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, also named the Golenishchev Mathematical Papyrus after its first non-Egyptian owner, Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev, is an ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus containing several problems in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra.
See Ancient Egypt and Moscow Mathematical Papyrus
Mouseion
The Mouseion of Alexandria (Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας), which arguably included the Library of Alexandria, was an institution said to have been founded by Ptolemy I Soter and his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
See Ancient Egypt and Mouseion
Mudbrick
Mudbrick or mud-brick, also known as unfired brick, is an air-dried brick, made of a mixture of mud (containing loam, clay, sand and water) mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw.
See Ancient Egypt and Mudbrick
Mummy
A mummy is a dead human or an animal whose soft tissues and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.
Musical instrument
A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds.
See Ancient Egypt and Musical instrument
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
See Ancient Egypt and Napoleon
Naqada
Naqada (Egyptian Arabic: نقادة; Coptic language: ⲛⲉⲕⲁⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ; Ancient Greek: Παμπανις, Ancient Egyptian: Nbyt), is a town on the west bank of the Nile in Qena Governorate, Egypt, situated ca.
Naqada culture
The Naqada culture is an archaeological culture of Chalcolithic Predynastic Egypt (c. 4000–3000 BC), named for the town of Naqada, Qena Governorate.
See Ancient Egypt and Naqada culture
Naqada III
Naqada III is the last phase of the Naqada culture of ancient Egyptian prehistory, dating from approximately 3200 to 3000 BC.
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Narmer
Narmer (nꜥr-mr, may mean "painful catfish", "stinging catfish", "harsh catfish", or "fierce catfish;") was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period, whose reign began at a date estimated to fall in the range 3273–2987 BC.
Narmer Palette
The Narmer Palette, also known as the Great Hierakonpolis Palette or the Palette of Narmer, is a significant Egyptian archaeological find, dating from about the 31st century BC, belonging, at least nominally, to the category of cosmetic palettes.
See Ancient Egypt and Narmer Palette
Natron
Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O, a kind of soda ash) and around 17% sodium bicarbonate (also called baking soda, NaHCO3) along with small quantities of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.
Natufian culture
Natufian culture is a Late Epipaleolithic archaeological culture of the Neolithic prehistoric Levant in Western Asia, dating to around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago.
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Natural disaster
A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event.
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Natural history
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.
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Natural resource
Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications.
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Naucratis
Naucratis or Naukratis (Ancient Greek: Ναύκρατις, "Naval Command"; Egyptian:,,, Coptic: Ⲡⲓⲉⲙⲣⲱ) was a city and trading-post in ancient Egypt, located on the Canopic (western-most) branch of the Nile river, south-east of the Mediterranean sea and the city of Alexandria.
See Ancient Egypt and Naucratis
NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.
See Ancient Egypt and NBC News
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Near East
Nebamun
Nebamun (fl.) was a middle-ranking official "scribe and grain accountant" during the period of the New Kingdom in ancient Egypt.
Nectanebo II
Nectanebo II (Egyptian: Nḫt-Ḥr-Ḥbt; Νεκτανεβώς) was the last native ruler of ancient Egypt, as well as the third and last pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty, reigning from 358 to 340 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Nectanebo II
Nekhen
Nekhen (nḫn), also known as Hierakonpolis (Hierákōn pólis; either: City of the Hawk, or City of the Falcon, a reference to Horus; lit) was the religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of prehistoric Egypt (3200–3100 BC) and probably also during the Early Dynastic Period (3100–2686 BC).
New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian state between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC.
See Ancient Egypt and New Kingdom of Egypt
New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States.
See Ancient Egypt and New York University
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.
Nile Delta
The Nile Delta (دلتا النيل, or simply الدلتا) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.
See Ancient Egypt and Nile Delta
Niya Kingdom
Niya (also Niye, Niy, Nii, and Nihe) was a kingdom in Syria near the Orontes River in northern Syria next to Nuhasse.
See Ancient Egypt and Niya Kingdom
Nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.
See Ancient Egypt and Nobility
Nomad
Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas.
Nomarch
A nomarch (νομάρχης, ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt).
Nome (Egypt)
A nome (from νομός, nomós, "district") was a territorial division in ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Nome (Egypt)
North African elephant
The North African elephant (Loxodonta africana pharaohensis) is an extinct subspecies of the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), or possibly a separate elephant species, that existed in North Africa, north of the Sahara, until it died out in Roman times.
See Ancient Egypt and North African elephant
Northeast Africa
Northeast Africa, or Northeastern Africa, or Northern East Africa as it was known in the past, is a geographic regional term used to refer to the countries of Africa situated in and around the Red Sea.
See Ancient Egypt and Northeast Africa
Nubia
Nubia (Nobiin: Nobīn) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), or more strictly, Al Dabbah. Ancient Egypt and Nubia are ancient peoples.
Nubian pyramids
The Nubian pyramids were built by the rulers of the ancient Kushite kingdoms.
See Ancient Egypt and Nubian pyramids
Nubians
Nubians (Nobiin: Nobī) are a Nilo-Saharan speaking ethnic group indigenous to the region which is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
Obelisk
An obelisk (from ὀβελίσκος; diminutive of ὀβελός obelos, "spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.
Obsidian
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.
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Old Kingdom of Egypt
In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning –2200 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Old Kingdom of Egypt
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.
See Ancient Egypt and Olive oil
Opium
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
Optimism
Optimism is an attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable.
See Ancient Egypt and Optimism
Oracle
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities.
Organ (biology)
In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
See Ancient Egypt and Organ (biology)
Ostracon
An ostracon (Greek: ὄστρακον ostrakon, plural ὄστρακα ostraka) is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel.
See Ancient Egypt and Ostracon
Outline of ancient Egypt
The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt: Ancient Egypt – ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Outline of ancient Egypt
Ox
An ox (oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), is a bovine, trained and used as a draft animal.
Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, edited by Donald B. Redford and published in three volumes by Oxford University Press in 2001, contains 600 articles that cover the 4,000 years of the history of Ancient Egypt, from the predynastic era to the seventh century CE.
See Ancient Egypt and Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.
See Ancient Egypt and Paleolithic
Papyrus
Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.
Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants.
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.
See Ancient Egypt and Periodontal disease
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
Pharyngeal consonant
A pharyngeal consonant is a consonant that is articulated primarily in the pharynx.
See Ancient Egypt and Pharyngeal consonant
Philae temple complex
The Philae temple complex (Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, فيلة, Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Philae temple complex
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon. Ancient Egypt and Phoenicia are history of the Mediterranean.
See Ancient Egypt and Phoenicia
Physician
A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.
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Pi
The number (spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159.
Pitch (resin)
Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, or plants.
See Ancient Egypt and Pitch (resin)
Piye
Piye (once transliterated as Pankhy or Piankhi; d. 714 BC) was an ancient Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled Egypt from 744–714 BC.
Place of worship
A place of worship is a specially designed structure or space where individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study.
See Ancient Egypt and Place of worship
Plank (wood)
A plank is timber that is flat, elongated, and rectangular with parallel faces that are higher and longer than wide.
See Ancient Egypt and Plank (wood)
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.
See Ancient Egypt and Pleistocene
Poaceae
Poaceae, also called Gramineae, is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.
Polis
Polis (πόλις), plural poleis (πόλεις), means ‘city’ in ancient Greek.
Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is any of various granites or igneous rocks with coarse-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate-rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass.
See Ancient Egypt and Porphyry (geology)
Post and lintel
Post and lintel (also called prop and lintel, a trabeated system, or a trilithic system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them.
See Ancient Egypt and Post and lintel
Poultry
Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of harvesting animal products such as meat, eggs or feathers.
Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors.
See Ancient Egypt and Power (social and political)
Precinct of Amun-Re
The Precinct of Amun-Re, located near Luxor, Egypt, is one of the four main temple enclosures that make up the immense Karnak Temple Complex.
See Ancient Egypt and Precinct of Amun-Re
Precious metal
Precious metals are rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical elements of high economic value.
See Ancient Egypt and Precious metal
Prehistoric Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt and Predynastic Egypt was the period of time starting at the first human settlement and ending at the First Dynasty of Egypt around 3100 BC. Ancient Egypt and Prehistoric Egypt are history of Egypt by period.
See Ancient Egypt and Prehistoric Egypt
Psamtik I
Wahibre Psamtik I (Ancient Egyptian) was the first pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the Saite period, ruling from the city of Sais in the Nile delta between 664–610 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Psamtik I
Psamtik III
Psamtik III (Ancient Egyptian:, pronounced), known by the Graeco-Romans as Psammetichus or Psammeticus (Ancient Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος), or Psammenitus (Ancient Greek: Ψαμμήνιτος), was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC to 525 BC.
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Ptolemaic dynasty
The Ptolemaic dynasty (Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), also known as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai; after Ptolemy I's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek royal house which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
See Ancient Egypt and Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
See Ancient Egypt and Ptolemaic Kingdom
Ptolemy IV Philopator
Ptolemy IV Philopator (Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr; "Ptolemy, lover of his Father"; May/June 244 – July/August 204 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC.
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Pylon (architecture)
A pylon is a monumental gate of an Egyptian temple (Egyptian: bxn.t in the Manuel de Codage transliteration).
See Ancient Egypt and Pylon (architecture)
Pyramid of Djoser
The pyramid of Djoser (or Djeser and Zoser), sometimes called the Step Pyramid of Djoser, is an archaeological site in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the ruins of Memphis.
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Pyramid of Khafre
The pyramid of Khafre or of Chephren (translit) is the middle of the three Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza, the second tallest and second largest of the group.
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Pyramid Texts
The Pyramid Texts are the oldest ancient Egyptian funerary texts, dating to the late Old Kingdom.
See Ancient Egypt and Pyramid Texts
Pythagorean theorem
In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.
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Ramesses II
Ramesses II (rꜥ-ms-sw), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Egyptian pharaoh.
See Ancient Egypt and Ramesses II
Ramesses XI
Menmaatre Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and as such, was the last king of the New Kingdom period.
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Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Ancient Egypt and Rashidun Caliphate
Regalia of the Pharaoh
The Regalia of the Pharaoh or Pharaoh's attributes are the symbolic objects of royalty in ancient Egypt (crowns, headdresses, scepters).
See Ancient Egypt and Regalia of the Pharaoh
Relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
Religious syncretism
Religious syncretism is the blending of religious belief systems into a new system, or the incorporation of other beliefs into an existing religious tradition.
See Ancient Egypt and Religious syncretism
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP; also designated as papyrus British Museum 10057, pBM 10058, and Brooklyn Museum 37.1784Ea-b) is one of the best known examples of ancient Egyptian mathematics.
See Ancient Egypt and Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
Roman Egypt
Roman Egypt; was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641. Ancient Egypt and Roman Egypt are history of Egypt by period.
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Roman emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler and monarchical head of state of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome. Ancient Egypt and Roman Empire are former empires in Africa, former empires in Asia and history of the Mediterranean.
See Ancient Egypt and Roman Empire
Roman legion
The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.
See Ancient Egypt and Roman legion
Sack of Thebes
The sack of Thebes took place in 663 BC in the city of Thebes at the hands of the Neo-Assyrian Empire under king Ashurbanipal, then at war with the Kushite Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt under Tantamani, during the Assyrian conquest of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Sack of Thebes
Sais, Egypt
Sais (Σάϊς, Ⲥⲁⲓ) was an ancient Egyptian city in the Western Nile Delta on the Canopic branch of the Nile,Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief.
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Sasanian conquest of Egypt
The Sasanian conquest of Egypt took place between 618 and 621 CE, when the Sasanian Persian army defeated the Byzantine forces in Egypt and occupied the province.
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Sasanian Egypt
Sasanian Egypt (known in Middle Persian sources as Agiptus) refers to the brief rule of Egypt and parts of Libya by the Sasanian Empire, following the Sasanian conquest of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Sasanian Egypt
Satrap
A satrap was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
Savanna
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.
Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
The Savanna Pastoral Neolithic (SPN; formerly known as the Stone Bowl Culture) is a collection of ancient societies that appeared in the Rift Valley of East Africa and surrounding areas during a time period known as the Pastoral Neolithic.
See Ancient Egypt and Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes.
See Ancient Egypt and Schistosomiasis
Scribe
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing.
Sea Peoples
The Sea Peoples were a group of tribes hypothesized to have attacked Egypt and other Eastern Mediterranean regions around 1200 BC during the Late Bronze Age. Ancient Egypt and Sea Peoples are ancient peoples and history of the Mediterranean.
See Ancient Egypt and Sea Peoples
Season of the Emergence
The Season of the Emergence (Prt) was the second season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.
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Season of the Harvest
The Season of the Harvest or Low Water was the third and final season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.
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Season of the Inundation
The Season of the Inundation or Flood (Ꜣḫt) was the first season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.
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Sebayt
Sebayt (Egyptian sbꜣyt, Coptic ⲥⲃⲱ "instruction, teaching") is the ancient Egyptian term for a genre of pharaonic literature.
Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period dates from 1700 to 1550 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
Seeker (media company)
Seeker (stylized See Seeker produces online video and editorial content for the digital media landscape, with an emphasis on social platforms and YouTube.
See Ancient Egypt and Seeker (media company)
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Ancient Egypt and Semitic languages
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
See Ancient Egypt and Semitic root
Senet
Senet or senat (i; cf. Coptic ⲥⲓⲛⲉ, 'passing, afternoon') is a board game from ancient Egypt that consists of ten or more pawns on a 30-square playing board.
Seqenenre Tao
N5-O34:N29-N35:N35|nomen.
See Ancient Egypt and Seqenenre Tao
Serapis
Serapis or Sarapis is a Graeco-Egyptian god.
Ship
A ship is a large vessel that travels the world's oceans and other navigable waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels.
See Ancient Egypt and Shipbuilding
Shoshenq I
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian ššnq; reigned)—also known as Shashank or Sheshonk or Sheshonq Ifor discussion of the spelling, see Shoshenq—was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Shoshenq I
Sickle
A sickle, bagging hook, reaping-hook or grasshook is a single-handed agricultural tool designed with variously curved blades and typically used for harvesting or reaping grain crops, or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock.
Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, commonly found in nature as quartz.
See Ancient Egypt and Silicon dioxide
Sintering
Sintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by pressure or heat without melting it to the point of liquefaction.
See Ancient Egypt and Sintering
Sistrum
A sistrum (plural: sistra or (in Latin) sīstra; from the Greek σεῖστρον seistron of the same meaning; literally "that which is being shaken", from σείειν seiein, "to shake") is a musical instrument of the percussion family, a form of rattle, used most notably by the ancient Egyptians.
Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.
Slavery in Africa
Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa.
See Ancient Egypt and Slavery in Africa
Smendes
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt – territory which he controlled.
Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations.
See Ancient Egypt and Social change
Social status
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.
See Ancient Egypt and Social status
Sodium oxide
Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
See Ancient Egypt and Sodium oxide
Soil fertility
Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality.
See Ancient Egypt and Soil fertility
Solar barque
Solar barques were the vessels used by the sun god Ra in ancient Egyptian mythology.
See Ancient Egypt and Solar barque
Solar deity
A solar deity or sun deity is a deity who represents the Sun or an aspect thereof.
See Ancient Egypt and Solar deity
Spread of Islam
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years.
See Ancient Egypt and Spread of Islam
Stone quarries of ancient Egypt
The stone quarries of ancient Egypt once produced quality stone for the building of tombs and temples and for decorative monuments such as sarcophagi, stelae, and statues.
See Ancient Egypt and Stone quarries of ancient Egypt
Stone structures
Stone structures, or megaliths, have been erected by humanity for thousands of years.
See Ancient Egypt and Stone structures
Stone tool
Stone tools have been used throughout human history but are most closely associated with prehistoric cultures and in particular those of the Stone Age.
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Story of Sinuhe
The Story of Sinuhe (also referred to as Sanehat or Sanhath) is a work of ancient Egyptian literature.
See Ancient Egypt and Story of Sinuhe
Story of Wenamun
The Story of Wenamun (alternately known as the Report of Wenamun, The Misadventures of Wenamun, Voyage of Unamūn, or as just Wenamun) is a literary text written in hieratic in the Late Egyptian language.
See Ancient Egypt and Story of Wenamun
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
Strap
A strap, sometimes also called strop, is an elongated flap or ribbon, usually of leather or other flexible materials.
Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.
See Ancient Egypt and Stress (linguistics)
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See Ancient Egypt and Sub-Saharan Africa
Subject–verb–object word order
In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.
See Ancient Egypt and Subject–verb–object word order
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.
Suez
Suez (as-Suways) is a seaport city (population of about 700,000) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez on the Red Sea, near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, and is the capital of the Suez Governorate.
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal (قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).
See Ancient Egypt and Suez Canal
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.
Sulfur
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.
Sumer
Sumer is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. Ancient Egypt and Sumer are Bronze Age civilizations.
Supervisor
A supervisor, or lead, (also known as foreman, boss, overseer, facilitator, monitor, area coordinator, line-manager or sometimes gaffer) is the job title of a lower-level management position and role that is primarily based on authority over workers or a workplace.
See Ancient Egypt and Supervisor
Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
See Ancient Egypt and Surveying
Synthetic language
A synthetic language is a language that is statistically characterized by a higher morpheme-to-word ratio.
See Ancient Egypt and Synthetic language
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
System of equations
In mathematics, a set of simultaneous equations, also known as a system of equations or an equation system, is a finite set of equations for which common solutions are sought.
See Ancient Egypt and System of equations
Taforalt
Taforalt, or Grotte des Pigeons, is a cave in the province of Berkane, Aït Iznasen region, Morocco, possibly the oldest cemetery in North Africa.
See Ancient Egypt and Taforalt
Taharqa
Taharqa, also spelled Taharka or Taharqo (tꜣhrwq, Akkadian: Tar-qu-ú, Tirhāqā, Manetho's Tarakos, Strabo's Tearco), was a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush (present day Sudan) from 690 to 664 BC.
Tanis
Tanis (Τάνις or Τανέως) or San al-Hagar (Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar; ḏꜥn.t;; ϫⲁⲛⲓ or ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ or ϫⲁⲛⲏ; rtl|Ṣōʿan) is the Greek name for ancient Egyptian ḏꜥn.t, an important archaeological site in the northeastern Nile Delta of Egypt, and the location of a city of the same name.
Tantamani
Tantamani (tnwt-jmn, Neo-Assyrian:, Τεμένθης), also known as Tanutamun or Tanwetamani (d. 653 BC) was ruler of the Kingdom of Kush located in Northern Sudan, and the last pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Tantamani
Tell es-Sakan
Tell es-Sakan, lit.
See Ancient Egypt and Tell es-Sakan
Temple of Dendur
The Temple of Dendur (Dendoor in the 19th century) is a Roman Egyptian religious structure originally located in Tuzis (later Dendur), Nubia about south of modern Aswan.
See Ancient Egypt and Temple of Dendur
Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (طيبة, Θῆβαι, Thēbai), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset (Arabic: وسط), was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about south of the Mediterranean.
See Ancient Egypt and Thebes, Egypt
Theodosius I
Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.
See Ancient Egypt and Theodosius I
Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years.
See Ancient Egypt and Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXX, alternatively 30th Dynasty or Dynasty 30) is usually classified as the fifth Dynasty of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
Thomas Young (scientist)
Thomas Young FRS (13 June 177310 May 1829) was a British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology.
See Ancient Egypt and Thomas Young (scientist)
Thoth
Thoth (from Θώθ Thṓth, borrowed from Ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲧ Thōout, Egyptian:, the reflex of ḏḥwtj " is like the ibis") is an ancient Egyptian deity.
Threshing
Threshing or thrashing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached.
See Ancient Egypt and Threshing
Thutmose I
Thutmose I (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; meaning "Thoth is born") was the third pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Thutmose I
Thutmose III
Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.
See Ancient Egypt and Thutmose III
Thyme
Thyme is a culinary herb consisting of the dried aerial parts of some members of the genus Thymus of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae.
Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries,The word 'caries' is a mass noun, and is not a plural of 'carie'. is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria.
See Ancient Egypt and Tooth decay
Trade route
A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo.
See Ancient Egypt and Trade route
Treenail
A treenail, also trenail, trennel, or trunnel, is a wooden peg, pin, or dowel used to fasten pieces of wood together, especially in timber frames, covered bridges, wooden shipbuilding and boat building.
See Ancient Egypt and Treenail
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun or Tutankhamen, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the late Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt. Born Tutankhaten, he was likely a son of Akhenaten, thought to be the KV55 mummy. His mother was identified through DNA testing as The Younger Lady buried in KV35; she was a full sister of her husband.
See Ancient Egypt and Tutankhamun
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is a series of rulers reigning from 1991–1802 BC (190 years), at what is often considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XI–XIV).
See Ancient Egypt and Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XX, alternatively 20th Dynasty or Dynasty 20) is the third and last dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1189 BC to 1077 BC.
See Ancient Egypt and Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty, the Kushite Empire, the Black Pharaohs, or the Napatans, after their capital Napata, was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt that occurred after the Kushite invasion.
See Ancient Egypt and Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty of ancient Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although other brief periods of rule by Egyptians followed).
See Ancient Egypt and Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
Ungulate
Ungulates are members of the diverse clade Euungulata ("true ungulates"), which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves.
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Upper and Lower Egypt
In Egyptian history, the Upper and Lower Egypt period (also known as The Two Lands) was the final stage of prehistoric Egypt and directly preceded the unification of the realm.
See Ancient Egypt and Upper and Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر, shortened to الصعيد,, locally) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel N. It thus consists of the entire Nile River valley from Cairo south to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
See Ancient Egypt and Upper Egypt
Ushabti
The ushabti (also called shabti or shawabti, with a number of variant spellings) was a funerary figurine used in ancient Egyptian funerary practices.
Verb–subject–object word order
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language has its most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges).
See Ancient Egypt and Verb–subject–object word order
Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.
See Ancient Egypt and Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
Wadi
Wadi (wādī), alternatively wād (وَاد), Maghrebi Arabic Oued) is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a river valley. In some instances, it may refer to a wet (ephemeral) riverbed that contains water only when heavy rain occurs. Arroyo (Spanish) is used in the Americas for similar landforms.
Wadi El Natrun
Wadi El Natrun (Arabic: وادي النطرون "Valley of Natron"; Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ, "measure of the hearts") is a depression in northern Egypt that is located below sea level and below the Nile River level.
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Wadi el-Hudi
The Wadi el-Hudi is a wadi in Southern Egypt, in the Eastern Desert.
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Wadi Hammamat
Wadi Hammamat (lit) is a dry river bed in Egypt's Eastern Desert, about halfway between Al-Qusayr and Qena.
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Walls of the Ruler
The Walls of the RulerIan Shaw, The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press 2000, p. 159Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, volume 1, University of California Press 1973, p. 224 was a fortification, or possibly a whole string of them, built by Amenemhat I in the 14th nome of Lower Egypt to protect the eastern approaches to Egypt.
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West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
See Ancient Egypt and West Asia
Westcar Papyrus
The Westcar Papyrus (inventory-designation: P. Berlin 3033) is an ancient Egyptian text containing five stories about miracles performed by priests and magicians.
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Western Desert
In Egypt, the Western Desert is an area of the Sahara that lies west of the river Nile, up to the Libyan border, and south from the Mediterranean Sea to the border with Sudan.
See Ancient Egypt and Western Desert
Wildlife
Wildlife refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.
See Ancient Egypt and Wildlife
Winnowing
Winnowing is a process by which chaff is separated from grain.
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Women in ancient Egypt
Women in ancient Egypt had some special rights other women did not have in other comparable societies.
See Ancient Egypt and Women in ancient Egypt
Wood
Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
Wooden tomb model
Wooden tomb models were deposited as grave goods in the tombs and burial shafts throughout early Egyptian History, most notably in the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.
See Ancient Egypt and Wooden tomb model
Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language.
See Ancient Egypt and Word order
Workforce
In macroeconomics, the labor force is the sum of those either working (i.e., the employed) or looking for work (i.e., the unemployed): \text.
See Ancient Egypt and Workforce
Working animal
A working animal is an animal, usually domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks instead of being slaughtered to harvest animal products.
See Ancient Egypt and Working animal
4.2-kiloyear event
The 4.2-kiloyear (thousand years) BP aridification event (long-term drought), also known as the 4.2 ka event, was one of the most severe climatic events of the Holocene epoch.
See Ancient Egypt and 4.2-kiloyear event
6th millennium BC
The 6th millennium BC spanned the years 6000 BC to 5001 BC (c. 8 ka to c. 7 ka).
See Ancient Egypt and 6th millennium BC
See also
Bronze Age civilizations
- Aegean civilizations
- Ancient Egypt
- Ancient Mesopotamia
- Assyria
- Babylonia
- Bronze Age in China
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Indus Valley civilisation
- Late Bronze Age collapse
- River valley civilization
- Sumer
- Ugarit
- Vedic period
- Yangtze civilization
- Yellow River civilization
Cradle of civilization
- Ancient Egypt
- Ancient Mesopotamia
- China
- Cradle of civilization
- Fertile Crescent
- Four Great Ancient Civilizations
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Indus Valley civilisation
- Olmec
- Peru
History of Egypt by period
- Ancient Egypt
- Hellenistic Egypt
- History of Egypt
- Ottoman Egypt
- Prehistoric Egypt
- Roman Egypt
- Years in Egypt
References
Also known as Aincent egypt, Ancenit egypt, Ancient Aegypt, Ancient EGYT, Ancient Egypt and race, Ancient Egyptian, Ancient Egyptian civilization, Ancient Egyptian economy, Ancient Egyptian law, Ancient Egyptian race, Ancient Egyptians, Ancient history of Egypt, AncientEgypt, Anicient egypt, Appearance of the ancient Egyptians, Classical Egypt, Economy of ancient Egypt, Egypt Empire, Egyptian Civilization, Egyptian furniture, Government in ancient Egypt, Old Egypt, Pharaonic Egypt, Pharonic, Population history of Ancient Egypt, Race and Ancient Egypt, Race and the Ancient egyptians, Racial characteristics of Ancient Egyptians, Racial origins of Ancient Egypt, Tawy, White kilt class, Women's rights in ancient Egypt.
, Ancient Libya, Ancient Macedonians, Ancient Near East, Ancient Rome, Animal, Animal fat, Animal husbandry, Anno Domini, Anseriformes, Arab conquest of Egypt, Arab News, Arabic grammar, Archaeological Institute of America, Archaeology, Archaeology (magazine), Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Archeological Map of Egypt, Architectural sculpture, Archive, Art of ancient Egypt, Article (grammar), Assyria, Assyrian conquest of Egypt, Asthma, Aten, Atenism, Atropa belladonna, Augustus, Autobiography of Harkhuf, Autobiography of Weni, Avaris, Ay (pharaoh), Badarian culture, Barley, Bastet, Battle of Actium, Battle of Kadesh, Battle of Pelusium, Battle of Perire, BBC, Beauty and cosmetics in ancient Egypt, Beni Hasan, Berber languages, Berbers, Biblical Archaeology Society, Biological anthropology, Bone fracture, Bow and arrow, British school of diffusionism, Bronze, Bronze Age, Bubastis, Buhen, Building material, Bulletin of the American Society of Overseas Research, Byblos, Byzantine Empire, Calcium oxide, Cambyses II, Canaan, Canopic jar, Capital city, Carnelian, Cartonnage, Cataracts of the Nile, Cats in ancient Egypt, Cattle count, Caulk, Central government, Ceramic glaze, Chaff, Chamber tomb, Chariot, Chariotry in ancient Egypt, Christianity, Christopher Ehret, Church (building), Circle, Civilization, Cleopatra, Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners, Code of law, Coffin Texts, Colonies in antiquity, Colony, Commander, Composite bow, Constantinople, Coptic language, Coptic Orthodox Church, Coptic script, Corvée, Cosmetic palette, Costume jewelry, Courtyard, Criminal law, Crop yield, Currency, Cushi, Cyperus papyrus, Cyprus, Deben (unit), Decimal, Decipherment of ancient Egyptian scripts, Deir el-Medina, Demotic (Egyptian), Description de l'Égypte, Desiccation, Dhul-Nun al-Misri, Diocletian, Diodorus Siculus, Discover (magazine), Divine right of kings, Djoser, Domestication, Early Dynastic Period (Egypt), Early modern human, Eastern Desert, Eastern Mediterranean, Ebers Papyrus, Edwin Smith Papyrus, Egypt, Egypt–Mesopotamia relations, Egyptian algebra, Egyptian Arabic, Egyptian blue, Egyptian chronology, Egyptian cuisine, Egyptian faience, Egyptian fraction, Egyptian geometry, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian language, Egyptian medical papyri, Egyptian mythology, Egyptian numerals, Egyptian pyramids, Egyptian temple, Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty, Egyptians, Egyptology, Elam, Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt, Embalming, Emerald, Emmer, Emphatic consonant, Empirical evidence, Empiricism, Encyclopædia Britannica, End of the 19th Dynasty, Eye of Providence, Faiyum Oasis, Fish, Flail, Flax, Flint, Flooding of the Nile, Foreign contacts of ancient Egypt, Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fraction, Fricative, Funerary art, Galena, Genetic history of the Middle East, Genetics, Gerzeh culture, Giza pyramid complex, Glossary of ancient Egypt artifacts, God, God's Wife of Amun, Gold mining, Grammatical particle, Grammatical person, Granary, Grazing, Great Pyramid of Giza, Great Seal of the United States, Great Sphinx of Giza, Greco-Roman world, Greek alphabet, Greywacke, Growing season, Gum arabic, Gypsum, Hand drill (hieroglyph), Hatshepsut, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic religion, Heracleopolis Magna, Heraclius, Herodotus, Hieratic, High Priest of Amun, History of ancient Egypt, History of Ethiopia, History of Persian Egypt, Hittites, Hor-Aha, Horemheb, Horn of Africa, Hounds and jackals, Hull (watercraft), Hunter-gatherer, Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt, Hyksos, Hypostyle, Hypotenuse, Iberomaurusian, Imhotep, Impalement, Income, Index of ancient Egypt–related articles, Instruction of Amenemope, Instruction of Any, Intef I, Ipuwer Papyrus, Iran, Irrigation, Isis, Islam, Israel Exploration Society, Itjtawy, Jean-François Champollion, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Kamose, Karl Richard Lepsius, Karnak, Khasekhemwy, Khopesh, Khufu, Khufu ship, Kingdom of Kush, Lake Timsah, Land management, Land of Punt, Land reclamation, Lapis lazuli, Late Period of ancient Egypt, Lead, Leather, Leontopolis, Levant, Library of Alexandria, Libyan Desert, Life expectancy, Lighthouse of Alexandria, Linen, Linguistics, Lion, List of ancient Egyptians, List of ball games, List of historical capitals of Egypt, List of rock formations, List of Theban tombs, Lithic flake, Lower Egypt, Lute, Luxor Temple, Lyre, Maat, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Malachite, Malaria, Malkata, Manetho, Mark Antony, Mastaba, Mathematical notation, Mehen (game), Memphis, Egypt, Menes, Mentuhotep II, Merneptah, Meroë, Meroitic script, Mersa Gawasis, Mesopotamia, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Middle Ages, Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Military of ancient Egypt, Mineral (nutrient), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt), Minoan civilization, Mitanni, Mortise and tenon, Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, Mouseion, Mudbrick, Mummy, Musical instrument, Napoleon, Naqada, Naqada 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