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98 relations: Abbott Laboratories, Addiction, Adenosine triphosphate, Adverse effect, Amphetamine, Anorectic, Anorexia nervosa, Anti-obesity medication, Appetite, Arthur MacNalty, Barbiturate, Bupropion, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Cannabinoid receptor type 1, Cannabis (drug), Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom), Colombia, Conjugated linoleic acid, Dexfenfluramine, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Dietary supplement, Dieting, Digitalis, Digoxin, Dinitrophenol, Diuretic, ECA stack, Endocannabinoid system, Ephedra, European Medicines Agency, Euthyroid, Exenatide, Exercise, Fenfluramine/phentermine, Flatulence, Food and Drug Administration, Genzyme, Glaucoma, Glucomannan, Guar gum, Heart rate, Herbalism, Human body, Human body weight, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothalamus, Hypothyroidism, Insomnia, ..., Inverse agonist, Laxative, Lipase, Liraglutide, Lorcaserin, Medical prescription, Medication, Metabolism, Metformin, Mitochondrion, Myocardial infarction, National Institutes of Health, Neurotransmitter, Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent, Obesity, Obetrol, Orlistat, Overweight, Oxidative phosphorylation, Palpitations, Pancreatic lipase family, Pharmacology, Phentermine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltropane, Pramlintide, Press release, Pulmonary hypertension, Pyruvic acid, Rimonabant, Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Sibutramine, Soranus of Ephesus, Steatorrhea, Stimulant, Substituted amphetamine, Tesofensine, Thyroid hormones, Topiramate, Uncoupling protein, United States, United States district court, Valvular heart disease, Weight loss, Weight loss effects of water, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT2C receptor. Expand index (48 more) »
Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories is an American health care company with headquarters in Lake Bluff, Illinois, United States.
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Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
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Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Adverse effect
In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Anorectic
An anorectic or anorexic is a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss.
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Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa, often referred to simply as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by low weight, fear of gaining weight, and a strong desire to be thin, resulting in food restriction.
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Anti-obesity medication
Anti-obesity medication or weight loss drugs are pharmacological agents that reduce or control weight.
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Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger.
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Arthur MacNalty
Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty (20 October 1880 – 11 April 1969) was the 8th Chief Medical Officer (the British office equivalent of the Surgeon General of the United States).
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Barbiturate
A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to death.
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Bupropion
Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is a medication primarily used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.
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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television.
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Cannabinoid receptor type 1
The cannabinoid type 1 receptor, often abbreviated as CB1, is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor located in the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Cannabis (drug)
Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the ''Cannabis'' plant intended for medical or recreational use.
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Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom)
The Chief Medical Officer (CMO) is the most senior advisor on health matters in a government.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Conjugated linoleic acid
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a family of at least 28 isomers of linoleic acid found mostly in the meat and dairy products derived from ruminants.
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Dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine, marketed as dexfenfluramine hydrochloride under the name Redux, is a serotonergic anorectic drug: it reduces appetite by increasing the amount of extracellular serotonin in the brain.
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Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
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Dietary supplement
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement the diet when taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid.
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Dieting
Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight, or to prevent and treat diseases, such as diabetes.
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Digitalis
Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and biennials commonly called foxgloves.
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Digoxin
Digoxin, sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions.
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Dinitrophenol
Dinitrophenols are chemical compounds which are nitro derivatives of phenol.
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Diuretic
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.
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ECA stack
The ECA stack is a drug combination used in weight loss and as a stimulant.
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Endocannabinoid system
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological system composed of endocannabinoids, which are endogenous lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the mammalian central nervous system (including the brain) and peripheral nervous system.
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Ephedra
Ephedra is a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica.
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European Medicines Agency
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Union agency for the evaluation of medicinal products.
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Euthyroid
Euthyroid is the state of having normal thyroid gland function.
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Exenatide
Exenatide (marketed as Byetta, Bydureon) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) medication, belonging to the group of incretin mimetics, approved in April 2005 for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Exercise
Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
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Fenfluramine/phentermine
The drug combination fenfluramine/phentermine, usually called fen-phen, was an anti-obesity treatment that utilized two anorectics.
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Flatulence
Flatulence is defined in the medical literature as "flatus expelled through the anus" or the "quality or state of being flatulent", which is defined in turn as "marked by or affected with gases generated in the intestine or stomach; likely to cause digestive flatulence".
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Genzyme
Sanofi Genzyme is an American biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss.
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Glucomannan
Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide that is considered a dietary fiber.
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Guar gum
Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in the food and hydraulic fracturing industries.
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Heart rate
Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).
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Herbalism
Herbalism (also herbal medicine or phytotherapy) is the study of botany and use of plants intended for medicinal purposes or for supplementing a diet.
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Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being.
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Human body weight
Human body weight refers to a person's mass or weight.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
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Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
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Inverse agonist
In the field of pharmacology, an inverse agonist is an agent that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that agonist.
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Laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements.
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Lipase
A lipase is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).
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Liraglutide
Liraglutide (NN2211) is a derivative of human incretin (metabolic hormone) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that is used as a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, binding to the same receptors as does the endogenous metabolic hormone GLP-1 that stimulates insulin secretion.
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Lorcaserin
Lorcaserin, currently marketed under the trade name Belviq and previously Lorqess during development, is a weight-loss drug developed by Arena Pharmaceuticals.
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Medical prescription
A prescription is a health-care program implemented by a physician or other qualified health care practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metformin
Metformin, marketed under the trade name Glucophage among others, is the first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in people who are overweight.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Obetrol
Obetrol was the brand of amphetamine mixed salts based drugs indicated for treatment of exogenous obesity by the American pharmaceutical company Obetrol Pharmaceuticals.
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Orlistat
Orlistat is a drug designed to treat obesity.
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Overweight
Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Palpitations
Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest: hard, fast and/or irregular beats.
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Pancreatic lipase family
Triglyceride lipases are a family of lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyse ester linkages of triglycerides.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Phentermine
Phentermine (contracted from phenyl-tertiary-butylamine), also known as α,α-dimethylphenethylamine, is a psychostimulant drug of the substituted amphetamine chemical class, with pharmacology similar to amphetamine.
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Phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant.
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Phenyltropane
Phenyltropanes (PTs) were originally developed to reduce cocaine addiction and dependency.
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Pramlintide
Pramlintide (trade name Symlin) is an injectable amylin analogue drug for diabetes (both type 1 and 2), developed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals (now a wholly owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca).
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Press release
A press release, news release, media release, press statement or video release is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something ostensibly newsworthy.
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Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of increased blood pressure within the arteries of the lungs.
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Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.
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Rimonabant
Rimonabant (also known as SR141716; trade names Acomplia, Zimulti) is an anorectic antiobesity drug that was first approved in Europe in 2006 but was withdrawn worldwide in 2008 due to serious psychiatric side effects; it was never approved in the United States.
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Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
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Sibutramine
Sibutramine, formerly sold under the brand name Meridia among others, is an appetite suppressant which has been discontinued in many countries.
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Soranus of Ephesus
Soranus of Ephesus (Σωρανός ὁ Ἑφέσιος; 1st/2nd century AD) was a Greek physician.
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Steatorrhea
Steatorrhea (or steatorrhoea) is the presence of excess fat in feces.
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Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
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Substituted amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents.
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Tesofensine
Tesofensine (NS2330) is a serotonin–noradrenaline–dopamine reuptake inhibitor from the phenyltropane family of drugs, which is being developed for the treatment of obesity.
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Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
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Topiramate
Topiramate (brand name Topamax) is an anticonvulsant (antiepilepsy) drug.
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Uncoupling protein
An uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States district court
The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system.
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Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and bicuspid valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart. These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging,Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, Gottdiener JS, Scott CG, Enriquez-Sarano. Lancet. 2006 Sep;368(9540):1005-11. but may also be the result of congenital (inborn) abnormalities or specific disease or physiologic processes including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy. Anatomically, the valves are part of the dense connective tissue of the heart known as the cardiac skeleton and are responsible for the regulation of blood flow through the heart and great vessels. Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair (valvuloplasty) or replacement (insertion of an artificial heart valve).
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Weight loss
Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue.
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Weight loss effects of water
The weight loss effects of water have been little studied, but it is plausible that consuming water with meals may reduce total energy intake and aid weight loss, particularly if water is taken instead of calorific drinks.
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2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2.
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5-HT receptor
5-hydroxytryptamine receptors or 5-HT receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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5-HT2C receptor
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-obesity_medication
