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Antigenic drift

Index Antigenic drift

Antigenic drift is a mechanism for variation in viruses that involves the accumulation of mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites. [1]

26 relations: Adaptive immune system, Antibody, Antigen, Antigenic shift, Avidity, Evolutionary pressure, Flu season, Genetic code, Genetic drift, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Immune system, Immunity (medical), Influenza A virus, Influenza A virus subtype H3N2, Influenzavirus B, Mutation, Neuraminidase, Orthomyxoviridae, Point mutation, Population genetics, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Proofreading (biology), RNA polymerase, RNA virus, Strain (biology), Vaccine.

Adaptive immune system

The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Antigen

In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.

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Antigenic shift

Antigenic shift is the process by which two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two or more different viruses, combine to form a new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two or more original strains.

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Avidity

In biochemistry, avidity refers to the accumulated strength of multiple affinities of individual non-covalent binding interactions, such as between a protein receptor and its ligand, and is commonly referred to as functional affinity.

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Evolutionary pressure

Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a portion of a population potentially exerts evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure.

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Flu season

Flu season is an annually recurring time period characterized by the prevalence of outbreaks of Influenza (flu).

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Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.

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Genetic drift

Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.

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Hemagglutinin (influenza)

Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) or haemagglutininp (British English) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza viruses.

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Immune system

The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.

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Immunity (medical)

In biology, immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defenses to fight infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion, while having adequate tolerance to avoid allergy, and autoimmune diseases.

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Influenza A virus

Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses.

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Influenza A virus subtype H3N2

Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) is a subtype of viruses that causes influenza (flu).

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Influenzavirus B

Influenzavirus B is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.

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Neuraminidase

Neuraminidase enzymes are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids.

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Orthomyxoviridae

The Orthomyxoviruses (ὀρθός, orthós, Greek for "straight"; μύξα, mýxa, Greek for "mucus") are a family of RNA viruses that includes seven genera: Influenza virus A, Influenza virus B, Influenza virus C, Influenza virus D, Isavirus, Thogotovirus and Quaranjavirus.

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Point mutation

A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.

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Population genetics

Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two scientific journals published by the Royal Society.

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Proofreading (biology)

The term proofreading is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by John Hopfield and Jacques Ninio, involved in DNA replication, immune system specificity, enzyme-substrate recognition among many other processes that require enhanced specificity.

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RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.

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RNA virus

An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA (ribonucleic acid) as its genetic material.

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Strain (biology)

In biology, a strain is a low-level taxonomic rank used at the intraspecific level (within a species).

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_drift

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