Table of Contents
521 relations: A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Abbasid Caliphate, Abjad, Abu al-Aswad ad-Du'ali, Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati, Académie Française, Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo, Academy of the Arabic Language in Israel, Accusative case, Adjective, Adposition, Afghanistan, African Union, Afroasiatic languages, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, Al-Akhfash al-Akbar, Al-Andalus, Al-Hira, Al-Jahiz, Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (dictionary), ALA-LC romanization, Albanian language, Algeria, Algerian Arabic, Algerian Saharan Arabic, Allomorph, Amharic, Analytic language, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient North Arabian, Andalusi Arabic, Apoptosis, Arab Academy of Damascus, Arab citizens of Israel, Arab League, Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, Arab sign-language family, Arab world, Arabian Peninsula, Arabic alphabet, Arabic chat alphabet, Arabic diacritics, Arabic grammar, Arabic language influence on the Spanish language, Arabic Language International Council, Arabic language school, Arabic literature, Arabic numerals, ... Expand index (471 more) »
- Central Semitic languages
- Fusional languages
- Languages attested from the 9th century BC
- Languages of Algeria
- Languages of Bahrain
- Languages of Djibouti
- Languages of Eritrea
- Languages of Gibraltar
- Languages of Iraq
- Languages of Israel
- Languages of Jordan
- Languages of Kurdistan
- Languages of Kuwait
- Languages of Lebanon
- Languages of Libya
- Languages of Mauritania
- Languages of Morocco
- Languages of Niger
- Languages of Oman
- Languages of Qatar
- Languages of Saudi Arabia
- Languages of Senegal
- Languages of Sicily
- Languages of Somalia
- Languages of Syria
- Languages of Tunisia
- Languages of the Comoros
- Languages of the State of Palestine
- Languages of the United Arab Emirates
- Lingua francas
- Stress-timed languages
A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic is an Arabic–English dictionary compiled by Hans Wehr and edited by J Milton Cowan.
See Arabic and A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Arabic and Abbasid Caliphate
Abjad
An abjad (أبجد), also abgad, is a writing system in which only consonants are represented, leaving the vowel sounds to be inferred by the reader.
See Arabic and Abjad
Abu al-Aswad ad-Du'ali
Abu al-Aswad ad-Duʾali (أَبُو ٱلْأَسْوَد ٱلدُّؤَلِيّ,; -16 BH/603 CE – 69 AH/689 CE), whose full name is ʾAbū al-Aswad Ẓālim ibn ʿAmr ibn Sufyān ibn Jandal ibn Yamār ibn Hīls ibn Nufātha ibn al-ʿĀdi ibn ad-Dīl ibn Bakr, surnamed ad-Dīlī, or ad-Duwalī, was the poet companion of Ali bin Abu Talib and was one of the earliest, if not the earliest, Arab grammarians.
See Arabic and Abu al-Aswad ad-Du'ali
Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
Abū Ḥayyān Athīr ad-Dīn al-Gharnāṭī (أَبُو حَيَّان أَثِير ٱلدِّين ٱلْغَرْنَاطِيّ, November 1256 – July 1344 CE / 654 - 745 AH), whose full name is Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf bin ‘Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Hayyān (مُحَمَّد ٱبْن يُوسُف ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن يُوسُف ٱبْن حَيَّان), also called Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī, was a celebrated commentator on the Quran and foremost Arabic grammarian of his era.
See Arabic and Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
Académie Française
The Académie Française, also known as the French Academy, is the principal French council for matters pertaining to the French language.
See Arabic and Académie Française
Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo
The Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo is a language academy for Arabic created in Cairo, Egypt in 1932 by Fuad I of Egypt.
See Arabic and Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo
Academy of the Arabic Language in Israel
The Academy of the Arabic Language (Mujamma‘ al-Luġa al-‘Arabiyya; HaAkademia laLashon haAravit) is an institute for the study and research of the Arabic language in Israel. Arabic and Academy of the Arabic Language in Israel are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Academy of the Arabic Language in Israel
Accusative case
In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb.
See Arabic and Accusative case
Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.
Adposition
Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
African Union
The African Union (AU) is a continental union of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.
Afroasiatic languages
The Afroasiatic languages (or Afro-Asiatic, sometimes Afrasian), also known as Hamito-Semitic or Semito-Hamitic, are a language family (or "phylum") of about 400 languages spoken predominantly in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara and Sahel.
See Arabic and Afroasiatic languages
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed or Aḥmad Luṭfī Sayyid Pasha (15 January 1872 – 5 March 1963) was a prominent Egyptian nationalist, intellectual, anti-colonial activist and the first president of Cairo University.
See Arabic and Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Al-Akhfash al-Akbar
Abu al-Khaṭṭāb ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn ʻAbd al-Majīd (أبو الخطاب عبد الحميد بن عبد المجيد; died 177 AH/793 CE), commonly known as Al-Akhfash al-Akbar (الأخفش الأكبر) was an Arab grammarian who lived in Basra and associated with the method of Arabic grammar of its linguists, and was a client of the Qais tribe.
See Arabic and Al-Akhfash al-Akbar
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Al-Hira
Al-Hira (translit Middle Persian: Hērt) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located south of what is now Kufa in south-central Iraq.
Al-Jahiz
Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Basri (translit), commonly known as al-Jahiz (lit), was an Arabic polymath and author of works of literature (including theory and criticism), theology, zoology, philosophy, grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, philology, linguistics, and politico-religious polemics.
Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
Abu ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Amr ibn Tammām al-Farāhīdī al-Azdī al-Yaḥmadī (أبو عبد الرحمن الخليل بن أحمد بن عمرو بن تمامالفراهيدي الأزدي اليحمدي; 718 – 786 CE), known as al-Farāhīdī, or al-Khalīl, was an Arab philologist, lexicographer and leading grammarian of Basra in Iraq.
See Arabic and Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (dictionary)
Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr ("The Great Dictionary" or "The Comprehensive Dictionary") is a dictionary of Arabic published by the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo.
See Arabic and Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (dictionary)
ALA-LC romanization
ALA-LC (American Library AssociationLibrary of Congress) is a set of standards for romanization, the representation of text in other writing systems using the Latin script.
See Arabic and ALA-LC romanization
Albanian language
Albanian (endonym: shqip, gjuha shqipe, or arbërisht) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group. Arabic and Albanian language are languages of Sicily and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Albanian language
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Algerian Arabic
Algerian Arabic (الدارجة الجزائرية, romanized: ad-Dārja al-Jazairia), natively known as Dziria, Darja or Derja, is a variety of Arabic spoken in Algeria. Arabic and Algerian Arabic are languages of Algeria.
See Arabic and Algerian Arabic
Algerian Saharan Arabic
Algerian Saharan Arabic (also known as Saharan Arabic, Tamanrasset Arabic, Tamanghasset Arabic) is a variety of Arabic indigenous to and spoken predominantly in the Algerian Sahara. Arabic and Algerian Saharan Arabic are languages of Algeria, languages of Libya, languages of Mali, languages of Mauritania, languages of Morocco and languages of Niger.
See Arabic and Algerian Saharan Arabic
Allomorph
In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, or in other words, a unit of meaning that varies in sound and spelling without changing the meaning.
Amharic
Amharic (or; Amarəñña) is an Ethiopian Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. Arabic and Amharic are Fusional languages.
Analytic language
An analytic language is a type of natural language in which a series of root/stem words is accompanied by prepositions, postpositions, particles and modifiers, using affixes very rarely.
See Arabic and Analytic language
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. Arabic and ancient Greek are languages attested from the 9th century BC and languages of Sicily.
Ancient North Arabian
Ancient North Arabian (ANA) is a collection of scripts and a language or family of languages under the North Arabian languages branch along with Old Arabic that were used in north and central Arabia and south Syria from the 8th century BCE to the 4th century CE.
See Arabic and Ancient North Arabian
Andalusi Arabic
Andalusi Arabic or Andalusian Arabic was a variety or varieties of Arabic spoken mainly from the 9th to the 15th century in Al-Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula, respectively modern Spain until the late-15th century, and modern Portugal until the mid-13th century under Muslim rule.
See Arabic and Andalusi Arabic
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.
Arab Academy of Damascus
The Arab Academy of Damascus (مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق) is the oldest academy regulating the Arabic language, established in 1918 during the reign of Faisal I of Syria.
See Arabic and Arab Academy of Damascus
Arab citizens of Israel
The Arab citizens of Israel (Arab Israelis or Israeli Arabs) are the country's largest ethnic minority.
See Arabic and Arab citizens of Israel
Arab League
The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization in the Arab world.
Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization
The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) is a Tunis-based institution of the Arab League, established in accordance with article 3 of the Arab Cultural Unity Charter by an announcement made in Cairo, Egypt, on 25 July 1970.
See Arabic and Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization
Arab sign-language family
The Arab sign-language family is a family of sign languages spread across the Arab Middle East.
See Arabic and Arab sign-language family
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa. Arabic and Arab world are Arabic language.
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
See Arabic and Arabian Peninsula
Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الْأَبْجَدِيَّة الْعَرَبِيَّة, or الْحُرُوف الْعَرَبِيَّة), or Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language.
See Arabic and Arabic alphabet
Arabic chat alphabet
The Arabic chat alphabet, Arabizi, Arabeezi, Arabish, Franco-Arabic or simply Franco (from) refer to the romanized alphabets for informal Arabic dialects in which Arabic script is transcribed or encoded into a combination of Latin script and Arabic numerals. Arabic and Arabic chat alphabet are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Arabic chat alphabet
Arabic diacritics
The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include consonant pointing known as (إِعْجَام), and supplementary diacritics known as (تَشْكِيل).
See Arabic and Arabic diacritics
Arabic grammar
Arabic grammar (النَّحْوُ العَرَبِيُّ) is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic and Arabic grammar are Arabic language.
Arabic language influence on the Spanish language
Arabic influence on the Spanish language overwhelmingly dates from the Muslim era of the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492. Arabic and Arabic language influence on the Spanish language are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Arabic language influence on the Spanish language
Arabic Language International Council
The Arabic Language International Council is an intergovernmental linguistic organization among Arabic-speaking countries. Arabic and Arabic Language International Council are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Arabic Language International Council
Arabic language school
Arabic language schools are language schools specialized in teaching Arabic as a foreign language.
See Arabic and Arabic language school
Arabic literature
Arabic literature (الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both as prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.
See Arabic and Arabic literature
Arabic numerals
The ten Arabic numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the most commonly used symbols for writing numbers.
See Arabic and Arabic numerals
Arabic Ontology
Arabic Ontology is a linguistic ontology for the Arabic language, which can be used as an Arabic WordNet with ontologically clean content.
See Arabic and Arabic Ontology
Arabic poetry
Arabic poetry (الشعر العربي ash-shi‘r al-‘arabīyy) is one of the earliest forms of Arabic literature.
Arabic script
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. Arabic and Arabic script are Arabic language.
Arabic-based creole languages
An Arabic-based creole language, or simply Arabic creole is a creole language which was significantly influenced by the Arabic language.
See Arabic and Arabic-based creole languages
Arabic–English Lexicon
The Arabic–English Lexicon is an Arabic–English dictionary compiled by Edward William Lane (died 1876), It was published in eight volumes during the second half of the 19th century.
See Arabic and Arabic–English Lexicon
Arabist
An Arabist is someone, often but not always from outside the Arab world, who specialises in the study of the Arabic language and culture (usually including Arabic literature).
Arabization
Arabization or Arabicization (translit) is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Arab society becomes Arab, meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Arabic language, culture, literature, art, music, and ethnic identity as well as other socio-cultural factors. Arabic and Arabization are Arabic language.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Arabic and Arabs
ArabTeX
ArabTeX is a free software package providing support for the Arabic and Hebrew alphabets to TeX and LaTeX.
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Armenian language
Armenian (endonym) is an Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family. Arabic and Armenian language are languages of Iran, languages of Kurdistan and languages of Lebanon.
See Arabic and Armenian language
Avdat
Avdat or Ovdat (עבדת), and Abdah or Abde (عبدة), are the modern names of an archaeological site corresponding to the ancient Nabataean, Roman and Byzantine settlement of Oboda (tabula Peutingeriana; Stephanus Byzantinus) or Eboda (Ptolemaeus 5:16, 4) in Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008, The Gale Group.
See Arabic and Avdat
Ayin
Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע, Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only).
See Arabic and Ayin
Azawad
Azawad, or Azawagh (Tuareg: Azawaɣ, or Azawad; أزواد), was a short-lived unrecognised state lasting between 2012 and 2013.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia.
Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch. Arabic and Azerbaijani language are languages of Iran, languages of Iraq and languages of Syria.
See Arabic and Azerbaijani language
Āyah
An āyah (آية,; آيات) is a "verse" in the Quran, one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (surah) of the Quran and are marked by a number.
See Arabic and Āyah
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.
Baghdad Jewish Arabic
Baghdad Jewish Arabic (عربية يهودية بغدادية, עַרָבִיָּה יְהוּדִיַּה בַּגדָאדִיַּה) or autonym haki mal yihud (Jewish Speech) or el-haki malna (our speech) is the variety of Arabic spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Lower Mesopotamia in Iraq. Arabic and Baghdad Jewish Arabic are languages of Iraq.
See Arabic and Baghdad Jewish Arabic
Baghdadi Arabic
Baghdadi Arabic is the Arabic dialect spoken in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Arabic and Baghdadi Arabic are languages of Iraq.
See Arabic and Baghdadi Arabic
Baharna
The Bahārna (بحارنة) are an ethnoreligious group of Shia Muslim Arabs indigenous to the historical region of Bahrain.
Baháʼí orthography
Texts of the Baháʼí Faith use a standard system of orthography to romanize Persian and Arabic script.
See Arabic and Baháʼí orthography
Bahrain
Bahrain (Two Seas, locally), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia.
Bahrani Arabic
Bahrani Arabic (also known as Bahrani or Baharna Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Baharna in Eastern Arabia and Oman. Arabic and Bahrani Arabic are languages of Bahrain, languages of Oman and languages of Saudi Arabia.
Balkans
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.
Balochi language
Balochi (rtl, romanized) is a Northwestern Iranian language, spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Arabic and Balochi language are languages of Iran.
See Arabic and Balochi language
Basra
Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.
See Arabic and Basra
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (singular) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq).
Beit al-Hikma Foundation
The Beit al-Hikma Foundation (shortened to Beit al-Hikma) or Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts is a scholarly national academy based in Tunis.
See Arabic and Beit al-Hikma Foundation
Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia.
See Arabic and Bengali language
Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Arabic and Berber languages are languages of Algeria, languages of Gibraltar, languages of Mali, languages of Mauritania, languages of Morocco, languages of Niger, languages of Sicily and languages of Tunisia.
See Arabic and Berber languages
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
See Arabic and Biblical Hebrew
Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules
Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules are a set of rules for the romanization of Arabic that is highly phonetic, almost one-to-one, and uses only two special characters, namely the hyphen and the apostrophe as modifiers.
See Arabic and Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules
Bisayan languages
The Bisayan languages or Visayan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in the Philippines.
See Arabic and Bisayan languages
Bloomberg Businessweek
Bloomberg Businessweek, previously known as BusinessWeek (and before that Business Week and The Business Week), is an American monthly business magazine published 12 times a year.
See Arabic and Bloomberg Businessweek
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
Bosnian language
Bosnian (bosanski / босански), sometimes referred to as Bosniak language, is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by ethnic Bosniaks.
See Arabic and Bosnian language
Broken plural
In linguistics, a broken plural (or internal plural) is an irregular plural form of a noun or adjective found in the Semitic languages and other Afroasiatic languages such as the Berber languages. Arabic and broken plural are Arabic language.
Bulaq Press
The Amiri Press or Amiriya Press (المطبعة الأميرية, المطابع الأميرية) (Al-Matba'a al-Amiriya) (also known as the Bulaq Press (مطبعة بولاق) due to its original location in Bulaq) is a printing press, and one of the main agencies with which Muhammad Ali Pasha modernized Egypt.
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian (bŭlgarski ezik) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. Arabic and Bulgarian language are Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Bulgarian language
Bulletin board system
A bulletin board system (BBS), also called a computer bulletin board service (CBBS), was a computer server running software that allowed users to connect to the system using a terminal program.
See Arabic and Bulletin board system
Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
See Arabic and Bushehr province
Calque
In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.
Cameroon
Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.
Cardinal numeral
In linguistics, and more precisely in traditional grammar, a cardinal numeral (or cardinal number word) is a part of speech used to count.
See Arabic and Cardinal numeral
Catalan language
Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language. Arabic and Catalan language are stress-timed languages and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Catalan language
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Arabic and Catholic Church
Causative
In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated) is a valency-increasing operationPayne, Thomas E. (1997).
Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba, or sometimes Cordova, is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba.
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR), formerly known as Ubangi-Shari, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
See Arabic and Central African Republic
Central Asian Arabic
Central Asian Arabic or Jugari Arabic (العربية الآسيوية الوسطى) refers to a set of four closely-related varieties of Arabic currently facing extinction and spoken predominantly by Arab communities living in portions of Central Asia. Arabic and Central Asian Arabic are languages of Iran.
See Arabic and Central Asian Arabic
Central Semitic languages
Central Semitic languages are one of the three groups of West Semitic languages, alongside Modern South Arabian languages and Ethiopian Semitic languages.
See Arabic and Central Semitic languages
Chad
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa.
See Arabic and Chad
Chadian Arabic
Chadian Arabic (لهجة تشادية), also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.6 million people, both town dwellers and nomadic cattle herders. Arabic and Chadian Arabic are languages of Cameroon, languages of Chad, languages of Niger and languages of Sudan.
Charles A. Ferguson
Charles Albert Ferguson (July 6, 1921 – September 2, 1998) was an American linguist who taught at Stanford University.
See Arabic and Charles A. Ferguson
Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн мотт, Noxçiyn mott) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by approximately 1.8 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of Europe, Jordan, Austria, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Central Asia (mainly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and Georgia. Arabic and Chechen language are languages of Iraq and languages of Jordan.
See Arabic and Chechen language
Chittagonian language
Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া saṭgãia or চিটাইঙ্গা siṭaiṅga) or Chittagonian Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh.
See Arabic and Chittagonian language
Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic or Quranic Arabic (the most eloquent classic Arabic) is the standardized literary form of Arabic used from the 7th century and throughout the Middle Ages onwards, having succeeded the Paleo-Arabic script. Arabic and Classical Arabic are Arabic language and Verb–subject–object languages.
See Arabic and Classical Arabic
Classical Latin
Classical Latin is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire.
See Arabic and Classical Latin
Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός "leaning" or "enclitic"Crystal, David. A First Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1980. Print.) is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase.
Code-switching
In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation.
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Comoros
The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean.
Complementizer
In linguistics (especially generative grammar), a complementizer or complementiser (glossing abbreviation) is a functional category (part of speech) that includes those words that can be used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.
Congressional Record
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress, published by the United States Government Publishing Office and issued when Congress is in session.
See Arabic and Congressional Record
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.
Constitution of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran) is the supreme law of Iran.
See Arabic and Constitution of Iran
Constitution of Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan (آئینِ پاکستان; ISO: Āīn-ē-Pākistān), also known as the 1973 Constitution, is the supreme law of Pakistan.
See Arabic and Constitution of Pakistan
Construct state
In Afro-Asiatic languages, the first noun in a genitive phrase that consists of a possessed noun followed by a possessor noun often takes on a special morphological form, which is termed the construct state (Latin status constructus).
See Arabic and Construct state
Coptic script
The Coptic script is the script used for writing the Coptic language, the most recent development of Egyptian.
Creolization
Creolization is the process through which creole languages and cultures emerge.
Croatian language
Croatian (hrvatski) is the standardised variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by Croats.
See Arabic and Croatian language
Cypriot Arabic
Cypriot Arabic (العربية القبرصية), also known as Cypriot Maronite Arabic or Sanna is a moribund variety of Arabic spoken by the Maronite community of Cyprus.
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Cyrillic script
The Cyrillic script, Slavonic script or simply Slavic script is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia.
See Arabic and Cyrillic script
Dadanitic
Dadanitic is the script and possibly the language of the oasis of Dadān (modern Al-'Ula) and the kingdom of Liḥyān in northwestern Arabia, spoken probably some time during the second half of the first millennium BCE.
Dagestan
Dagestan (Дагестан), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea.
Daniel Newman (academic)
Daniel Lawrence Newman (born 1963) is a British writer, scholar and translator of Arabic literature.
See Arabic and Daniel Newman (academic)
Denominal verb
In grammar, denominal verbs are verbs derived from nouns.
Derived stem
Derived stems (also called D stems) are a morphological feature of verbs common to the Semitic languages.
Dhi Qar Governorate
Dhi Qar Governorate (translit) is a governorate in southern Iraq, in the Arabian Peninsula.
See Arabic and Dhi Qar Governorate
Dhofari Arabic
Dhofari Arabic, also known as Dhofari or Zofari, is a variety of Arabic spoken around Salalah in Oman's Dhofar Governorate. Arabic and Dhofari Arabic are languages of Oman.
Diacritic
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph.
Dialect
Dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word, 'discourse', from, 'through' and, 'I speak') refers to two distinctly different types of linguistic relationships.
Dictionary
A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by consonantal root for Semitic languages or radical and stroke for logographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, pronunciations, translation, etc.
Diglossia
In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used (in fairly strict compartmentalization) by a single language community.
Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
See Arabic and Digraph (orthography)
DIN 31635
DIN 31635 is a (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982.
Djibouti
Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east.
Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
See Arabic and Dual (grammatical number)
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Arabic and Early Muslim conquests
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the African continent, distinguished by its geographical, historical, and cultural landscape.
Eastern Anatolia Region
The Eastern Anatolia Region (Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Arabic and Eastern Anatolia Region
Eastern Arabia
Eastern Arabia, is a region stretched from Basra to Khasab along the Persian Gulf coast and included parts of modern-day Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (Eastern Province), and the United Arab Emirates.
Eastern Arabic numerals
The Eastern Arabic numerals, also called Indo-Arabic numerals, are the symbols used to represent numerical digits in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet in the countries of the Mashriq (the east of the Arab world), the Arabian Peninsula, and its variant in other countries that use the Persian numerals on the Iranian plateau and in Asia.
See Arabic and Eastern Arabic numerals
Edward William Lane
Edward William Lane (17 September 1801 – 10 August 1876) was a British orientalist, translator and lexicographer.
See Arabic and Edward William Lane
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See Arabic and Egypt
Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic, locally known as Colloquial Egyptian (اللغة العامية المصرية.), or simply Masri (also Masry) (مَصرى), is the most widely spoken vernacular Arabic variety in Egypt.
See Arabic and Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
See Arabic and Egyptian hieroglyphs
Elative (gradation)
In Semitic linguistics, the elative (اِسْمُ تَفْضِيل, literally meaning "noun of preference") is a stage of gradation that can be used to express comparatives or superlatives.
See Arabic and Elative (gradation)
Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving messages using electronic devices.
See Arabic and Email
Emphatic consonant
In Semitic linguistics, an emphatic consonant is an obstruent consonant which originally contrasted, and often still contrasts, with an analogous voiced or voiceless obstruent by means of a secondary articulation.
See Arabic and Emphatic consonant
Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.
See Arabic and Encyclopaedia of Islam
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain. Arabic and English language are Fusional languages, lingua francas, stress-timed languages and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and English language
Epigraphy
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.
Eritrea
Eritrea (or; Ertra), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara.
Foreign language
A foreign language is a language that is not an official language of, nor typically spoken in, a specific country.
See Arabic and Foreign language
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Arabic and French language are Fusional languages, languages of Algeria, languages of Cameroon, languages of Chad, languages of Djibouti, languages of Lebanon, languages of Mali, languages of Mauritania, languages of Morocco, languages of Niger, languages of Senegal, languages of Tunisia, languages of the Comoros, lingua francas and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and French language
Future tense
In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.
Garshuni
Garshuni or Karshuni (Syriac alphabet: ܓܪܫܘܢܝ, Arabic alphabet: كرشوني) are Arabic writings using the Syriac alphabet. Arabic and Garshuni are Arabic language.
Geʽez
Geez (or; ግዕዝ, and sometimes referred to in scholarly literature as Classical Ethiopic) is an ancient South Semitic language. Arabic and Geʽez are languages of Eritrea and Verb–subject–object languages.
See Arabic and Geʽez
Geʽez script
Geʽez (Gəʽəz) is a script used as an abugida (alphasyllabary) for several Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Gemination
In phonetics and phonology, gemination (from Latin 'doubling', itself from gemini 'twins'), or consonant lengthening, is an articulation of a consonant for a longer period of time than that of a singleton consonant.
Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. Arabic and German language are Fusional languages and stress-timed languages.
See Arabic and German language
Gerund
In linguistics, a gerund (abbreviated ger) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, it is one that functions as a noun.
Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic, also known as Iraqi Arabic, Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic, or simply Mesopotamian Arabic is one of the two main varieties of Mesopotamian Arabic, together with North Mesopotamian Arabic. Arabic and Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic are languages of Iran, languages of Iraq, languages of Kuwait and languages of Syria.
See Arabic and Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
Glossary of Islam
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language.
See Arabic and Glossary of Islam
Grammatical aspect
In linguistics, aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how a verbal action, event, or state, extends over time.
See Arabic and Grammatical aspect
Grammatical case
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording.
See Arabic and Grammatical case
Grammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar).
See Arabic and Grammatical conjugation
Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.
See Arabic and Grammatical gender
Grammatical mood
In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.
See Arabic and Grammatical mood
Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more").
See Arabic and Grammatical number
Grammatical tense
In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference.
See Arabic and Grammatical tense
Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. Arabic and Greek language are Fusional languages, languages of Sicily and Subject–verb–object languages.
Gujarati language
Gujarati (label) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken predominantly by the Gujarati people.
See Arabic and Gujarati language
Gulf Arabic
Gulf Arabic (خليجي local pronunciation: or اللهجة الخليجية, local pronunciation) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, southern Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia, northern Oman, and by some Iranian Arabs. Arabic and Gulf Arabic are languages of Bahrain, languages of Iran, languages of Iraq, languages of Kuwait, languages of Oman, languages of Qatar, languages of Saudi Arabia and languages of the United Arab Emirates.
Hadharem
The Hadharem (ḥaḍārim) or the Hadhrami (ḥaḍramī, singular) are an Arab sub-ethnic group indigenous to the Hadhramaut region in South Arabia, which is part of modern-day eastern Yemen and their own dialect, Hadhrami Arabic.
Hadhramaut
Hadhramaut (Ḥaḍramawt / Ḥaḍramūt; Hadramautic: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩, Ḥḍrmt) is a geographic region in South Arabia, comprising eastern Yemen, parts of western Oman and southern Saudi Arabia.
Hadhrami Arabic
Hadhrami Arabic, or Ḥaḍrami Arabic (ḤA), is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Hadhrami people (Ḥaḍārem) living in the region of Hadhramaut in southeastern Yemen, with a small number of speakers found in Kenya.
See Arabic and Hadhrami Arabic
Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.
Hamrin Mountains
The Hamrin Mountains (Jabāl Hamrīn, Çiyayê Hemrîn or Çiyayên Hemrîn) are a small mountain ridge in northeast Iraq.
See Arabic and Hamrin Mountains
Hamza
The hamza (هَمْزَة) is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottal stop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other features, depending on the language.
See Arabic and Hamza
Hans Wehr
Hans Bodo Wehr (5 July 190924 May 1981) was a German Arabist.
Hans Wehr transliteration
The Hans Wehr transliteration system is a system for transliteration of the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet used in the Hans Wehr dictionary (1952; in English 1961).
See Arabic and Hans Wehr transliteration
Harran inscription
The Harrān inscription (not to be confused with the Babylonian Harran Stela) is an Arabic-Greek bilingual Christian dedicatory at a martyrium in the Harran village, which is in the city of as-Suwayda (south of Damascus) in Syria.
See Arabic and Harran inscription
Hasaitic
Hasaitic is an Ancient North Arabian dialect attested in inscriptions in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia at Thaj, Hinna, Qatif, Ras Tanura, Abqaiq in the al-Hasa region, Ayn Jawan, Mileiha and at Uruk.
Hassan Massoudy
Hassan Massoudy (حسن المسعود الخطاط), born in 1944, is an Iraqi painter and calligrapher, considered by the French writer Michel Tournier as the "greatest living calligrapher", who currently lives in Paris.
See Arabic and Hassan Massoudy
Hassaniya Arabic
Hassaniya Arabic (translit; also known as,,,, and Maure) is a variety of Maghrebi Arabic spoken by Mauritanian Arabs and the Sahrawi people. Arabic and Hassaniya Arabic are languages of Algeria, languages of Libya, languages of Mali, languages of Mauritania, languages of Morocco, languages of Niger and languages of Senegal.
See Arabic and Hassaniya Arabic
Hausa language
Hausa (Harshen/Halshen Hausa; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) is a Chadic language that is spoken by the Hausa people in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo, and the southern parts of Niger, and Chad, with significant minorities in Ivory Coast. Arabic and Hausa language are Fusional languages, languages of Cameroon, languages of Niger, languages of Sudan and Subject–verb–object languages.
Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Ktav Ashuri, Jewish script, square script and block script, is traditionally an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian.
See Arabic and Hebrew alphabet
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. Arabic and Hebrew language are Fusional languages, languages of Israel and Verb–subject–object languages.
See Arabic and Hebrew language
Hedwig Klein
Hedwig Klein (19 February 1911 or 12 September 1911 – after 11 July 1942) was a German Jewish Arabist who died in Auschwitz.
Hegemony
Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.
Hejaz
The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.
See Arabic and Hejaz
Hejazi Arabic
Hejazi Arabic or Hijazi Arabic (HA) (ḥijāzī), also known as West Arabian Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Hejaz region in Saudi Arabia. Arabic and Hejazi Arabic are languages of Eritrea and languages of Saudi Arabia.
Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script. Arabic and Hindi are Fusional languages and lingua francas.
See Arabic and Hindi
Hindustani language
Hindustani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in North India, Pakistan and the Deccan and used as the official language of India and Pakistan. Hindustani is a pluricentric language with two standard registers, known as Hindi (written in Devanagari script and influenced by Sanskrit) and Urdu (written in Perso-Arabic script and influenced by Persian and Arabic). Arabic and Hindustani language are lingua francas.
See Arabic and Hindustani language
Hismaic
Hismaic (حسمائية) is a variety of the Ancient North Arabian script and the language most commonly expressed in it.
Historical dictionary
A historical dictionary or dictionary on historical principles is a dictionary which deals not only with the latterday meanings of words but also the historical development of their forms and meanings.
See Arabic and Historical dictionary
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a historic research facility headquartered on Locust Street in Center City Philadelphia.
See Arabic and Historical Society of Pennsylvania
History of the Jews in Algeria
The history of Jews in Algeria goes back to Antiquity, although it is not possible to trace with any certainty the time and circumstances of the arrival of the first Jews in what is now Algeria.
See Arabic and History of the Jews in Algeria
History of the Jews in Iraq
The history of the Jews in Iraq (יְהוּדִים בָּבְלִים,,; اليهود العراقيون) is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity.
See Arabic and History of the Jews in Iraq
Hormozgan province
Hormozgan Province (استان هرمزگان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
See Arabic and Hormozgan province
House of Wisdom
The House of Wisdom (بَيْت الْحِكْمَة), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, was believed to be a major Abbasid-era public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad.
See Arabic and House of Wisdom
Ibn Jinni
Abū l-Fatḥ ʿUthmān ibn Jinnī, best known as Ibn Jinnī, was a specialist on Arabic grammar, a philologist, and a philosopher of language.
Ibn Mada'
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Sa'id bin Harith bin Asim al-Lakhmi al-Qurtubi, better known as Ibn Maḍāʾ (ابن مضاء; 1116–1196) was an Andalusian Muslim polymath from Córdoba in Islamic Spain.
Ibn Manzur
Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī also known as Ibn Manẓūr (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author of a large dictionary, Lisan al-ʿArab.
Imperative mood
The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.
See Arabic and Imperative mood
Imperfective aspect
The imperfective (abbreviated or more ambiguously) is a grammatical aspect used to describe ongoing, habitual, repeated, or similar semantic roles, whether that situation occurs in the past, present, or future.
See Arabic and Imperfective aspect
Indonesian language
Indonesian is the official and national language of Indonesia. Arabic and Indonesian language are Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Indonesian language
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Arabic and Industrial Revolution
Infinitive
Infinitive (abbreviated) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs.
Infix
An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word or the core of a family of words).
See Arabic and Infix
Inflection
In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness.
Instant messaging
Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat allowing immediate transmission of messages over the Internet or another computer network.
See Arabic and Instant messaging
Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization
The Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization is an institute dedicated to Arabization in Rabat, Morocco created by decree January 14, 1960. Arabic and institute for Studies and Research on Arabization are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization
Intensive word form
In grammar, an intensive word form is one which denotes stronger, more forceful, or more concentrated action relative to the root on which the intensive is built.
See Arabic and Intensive word form
International Association of Arabic Dialectology
The International Association of Arabic Dialectology (Association Internationale de Dialectologie Arabe, AIDA) is an association of researchers in Arabic dialects, from all over the world. Arabic and International Association of Arabic Dialectology are Arabic language.
See Arabic and International Association of Arabic Dialectology
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries.
See Arabic and International Organization for Standardization
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.
See Arabic and International Phonetic Alphabet
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Arabic and Iran
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages, also called the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.
See Arabic and Iranian languages
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
See Arabic and Iraq
Iraqi Academy of Sciences
The Iraqi Academy of Sciences (Arabic: المجمع العلمي العراقي) is an academy in Baghdad founded in 1948 in order to develop and regulate the Arabic language in Iraq and the Arab World. Arabic and Iraqi Academy of Sciences are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Iraqi Academy of Sciences
IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging.
See Arabic and IRC
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Arabic and Islam
Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
See Arabic and Islamic calendar
ISO 233
The international standard ISO 233 establishes a system for romanization of Arabic script.
Isogloss
An isogloss, also called a heterogloss, is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or syntactic feature.
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.
Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Arabic and italian language are Fusional languages, languages of Sicily and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Italian language
James L. Gelvin
James L. Gelvin (born February 12, 1951) is an American scholar of Middle Eastern history.
See Arabic and James L. Gelvin
Jebel Usays inscription
The Jebel Usays inscription (or Jabal Usays, Jabal Says) is a small rock graffito dating to 528 AD, located at the site of Jabal Says, an ancient volcano in the basaltic steppe lands of southern Syria.
See Arabic and Jebel Usays inscription
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Arabic and Jews
Jordan
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Jordan Academy of Arabic
The Jordan Academy of Arabic (مجمع اللغة العربية الأردني) is one of the Arabic language regulators based in Amman, Jordan. Arabic and Jordan Academy of Arabic are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Jordan Academy of Arabic
Jordanian Arabic
Jordanian Arabic is a dialect continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of Arabic spoken by the population of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Arabic and Jordanian Arabic are languages of Jordan.
See Arabic and Jordanian Arabic
Juba Arabic
Juba Arabic (Arabi Juba, عربی جوبا; ‘Arabiyyat Jūbā), also known since 2011 as South Sudanese Arabic, is a lingua franca spoken mainly in Equatoria Province in South Sudan, and derives its name from the South Sudanese capital, Juba. Arabic and Juba Arabic are languages of South Sudan.
Judeo-Arabic dialects
Judeo-Arabic dialects (ערביה יהודיה) are ethnolects formerly spoken by Jews throughout the Arab world. Arabic and Judeo-Arabic dialects are languages of Sicily.
See Arabic and Judeo-Arabic dialects
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (translit), also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic and Yahudic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by Iraqi Jews. Arabic and Judeo-Iraqi Arabic are languages of Iraq and languages of Israel.
See Arabic and Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Kabyle language
Kabyle or Kabylian (native name: Taqbaylit) is a Berber language (''tamazight'') spoken by the Kabyle people in the north and northeast of Algeria. Arabic and Kabyle language are languages of Algeria.
See Arabic and Kabyle language
Kanuri language
Kanuri is a Saharan dialect continuum of the Nilo–Saharan language family spoken by the Kanuri and Kanembu peoples in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, as well as by a diaspora community residing in Sudan. Arabic and Kanuri language are languages of Cameroon, languages of Chad and languages of Niger.
See Arabic and Kanuri language
Kashmiri language
Kashmiri or Koshur (Kashmiri) is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory.
See Arabic and Kashmiri language
Kazakh language
Kazakh or Qazaq is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia by Kazakhs.
See Arabic and Kazakh language
Khorasan province
Khorasan (استان خراسان; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times, was a province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided into three new provinces: North Khorasan, South Khorasan, and Razavi Khorasan.
See Arabic and Khorasan province
Khorasani Arabic
Khorasani Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken in Iran. Arabic and Khorasani Arabic are Arabic language and languages of Iran.
See Arabic and Khorasani Arabic
Khuzestan province
Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
See Arabic and Khuzestan province
Khuzestani Arabic
Khuzestani Arabic is a dialect of South Mesopotamian Arabic (SMA or "Gələt Arabic") spoken by the Iranian Arabs in Khuzestan Province of Iran.
See Arabic and Khuzestani Arabic
Kitab al-'Ayn
Kitāb al-ʿAyn (كتاب العين) is the first Arabic language dictionary and one of the earliest known dictionaries of any language.
Koiné language
In linguistics, a koine or koiné language or dialect (pronounced) is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a result of the contact, mixing, and often simplification of two or more mutually intelligible varieties of the same language.
Kurdish language
Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria. Arabic and Kurdish language are languages of Iran, languages of Iraq, languages of Israel, languages of Kurdistan, languages of Lebanon and languages of Syria.
See Arabic and Kurdish language
Kutchi language
Kutchi (કચ્છી,, ڪڇّي) or Kachhi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kutch region of India and Sindh region of Pakistan.
See Arabic and Kutchi language
Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.
Kuwaiti Arabic
Kuwaiti is a Gulf Arabic dialect spoken in Kuwait. Arabic and Kuwaiti Arabic are languages of Kuwait.
Kyrgyz language
Kyrgyz is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia.
See Arabic and Kyrgyz language
Lakhmid kingdom
The Lakhmid Kingdom (translit), also referred to in Arabic as al-Manādhirah (المناذرة, romanized as) or Banu Lakhm (بنو لخم, romanized as) was an Arab kingdom in Southern Iraq and Eastern Arabia, with al-Hirah as their capital, from the late 3rd century to 602 AD/CE.
See Arabic and Lakhmid kingdom
Language school
A language school is a school where one studies a foreign language.
See Arabic and Language school
Languages of Europe
There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family.
See Arabic and Languages of Europe
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Arabic and Latin are Fusional languages.
See Arabic and Latin
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
Latin script
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia.
Lebanese Arabic
Lebanese Arabic (عَرَبِيّ لُبْنَانِيّ; autonym), or simply Lebanese (لُبْنَانِيّ; autonym), is a variety of North Levantine Arabic, indigenous to and primarily spoken in Lebanon, with significant linguistic influences borrowed from other Middle Eastern and European languages and is in some ways unique from other varieties of Arabic. Arabic and Lebanese Arabic are languages of Lebanon.
See Arabic and Lebanese Arabic
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.
Levantine Arabic
Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (autonym: or اللهجة الشامية), is an Arabic variety spoken in the Levant, namely in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and southern Turkey (historically only in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces).
See Arabic and Levantine Arabic
Lexical item
In lexicography, a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary).
Lexicography
Lexicography is the study of lexicons, and is divided into two separate academic disciplines.
Libya
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
See Arabic and Libya
Libyan Arabic
Libyan Arabic (Lībī), also called Sulaimitian Arabic by scholars, is a variety of Arabic spoken in Libya, and neighboring countries. Arabic and Libyan Arabic are languages of Libya.
Lisan al-Arab
Lisān al-ʿArab (lit) is a dictionary of Arabic completed by Ibn Manzur in 1290.
List of Arab newspapers
This is a list of Arabic-language and other newspapers published in the Arab world.
See Arabic and List of Arab newspapers
List of Arabic given names
Arabic given.
See Arabic and List of Arabic given names
List of Arabic-language television channels
The list is a list of television channels and stations in the Arab World, as well as Arab-based Western television channels.
See Arabic and List of Arabic-language television channels
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
Arabic and its different dialects are spoken by around 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world as well as in the Arab diaspora making it one of the five most spoken languages in the world. Arabic and List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language are Arabic language.
See Arabic and List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
List of French words of Arabic origin
Words of Arabic origin entered the French language. Arabic and List of French words of Arabic origin are Arabic language.
See Arabic and List of French words of Arabic origin
List of languages by total number of speakers
This is a list of languages by total number of speakers.
See Arabic and List of languages by total number of speakers
List of official languages by country and territory
This is a list of official languages by country and territory.
See Arabic and List of official languages by country and territory
List of replaced loanwords in Turkish
The replacing of loanwords in Turkish is part of a policy of Turkification of Atatürk.
See Arabic and List of replaced loanwords in Turkish
Literary language
Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language.
See Arabic and Literary language
Loanword
A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.
Louis Massignon
Louis Massignon (25 July 1883 – 31 October 1962) was a French Catholic scholar of Islam and a pioneer of Catholic-Muslim mutual understanding.
See Arabic and Louis Massignon
Madrasat al-Alsun
The Madrasat al-Alsun was created by Muḥammad ʿAlī in 1835.
See Arabic and Madrasat al-Alsun
Maghreb
The Maghreb (lit), also known as the Arab Maghreb (اَلْمَغْرِبُ الْعَرَبِيُّ) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world.
Maghrebi Arabic
Maghrebi Arabic (as opposed to Eastern or Mashriqi Arabic), often known as ad-Dārija (الدارجة, meaning 'common/everyday ') to differentiate it from Literary Arabic, is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. Arabic and Maghrebi Arabic are Arabic language, languages of Gibraltar and languages of Sicily.
See Arabic and Maghrebi Arabic
Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
Malay language
Malay (Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand.
Malaysian Malay
Malaysian Malay (Bahasa Melayu Malaysia.), also known as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai), Bahasa Malaysia, or simply Malay, is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Brunei and Singapore (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the "Indonesian" language). Arabic and Malaysian Malay are Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Malaysian Malay
Maldivian language
Dhivehi or Divehi (ދިވެހި), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the South Asian island country of Maldives and on Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, a union territory of India.
See Arabic and Maldivian language
Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.
See Arabic and Mali
Malta
Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.
See Arabic and Malta
Maltese alphabet
The Maltese alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet with the addition of some letters with diacritic marks and digraphs.
See Arabic and Maltese alphabet
Maltese language
Maltese (Malti, also L-Ilsien Malti or Lingwa Maltija) is a Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic with Romance superstrata. Arabic and Maltese language are central Semitic languages and languages of Sicily.
See Arabic and Maltese language
Mashriq
The Mashriq (lit), also known as the Arab Mashriq (اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western) region, and located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa.
Mauritania
Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. By land area Mauritania is the 11th-largest country in Africa and 28th-largest in the world; 90% of its territory is in the Sahara.
Medina
Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.
Mediterranean Region, Turkey
The Mediterranean Region (Akdeniz Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Arabic and Mediterranean Region, Turkey
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Mesopotamian Arabic
Mesopotamian Arabic (لهجة بلاد ما بين النهرين), also known as Iraqi Arabic (اللهجة العراقية), is a group of varieties of Arabic spoken in the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq, as well as in Syria, southeastern Turkey, Iran, Kuwait and Iraqi diaspora communities.
See Arabic and Mesopotamian Arabic
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle Eastern studies
Middle Eastern studies (sometimes referred to as Near Eastern studies, West Asian Studies or South Western Asian) is a name given to a number of academic programs associated with the study of the history, culture, politics, economies, and geography of the Middle East, an area that is generally interpreted to cover a range of nations including Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Yemen.
See Arabic and Middle Eastern studies
Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.
Mimation
Mimation (تَمْيِيم), is the phenomenon of a suffixed (the letter mem in many Semitic abjads) which occurs in some Semitic languages.
Modern era
The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.
Modern South Arabian languages
The Modern South Arabian languages (MSALs), also known as Eastern South Semitic languages, are a group of endangered languages spoken by small populations inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula, in Yemen and Oman, and Socotra Island. Arabic and Modern South Arabian languages are languages of Oman.
See Arabic and Modern South Arabian languages
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard. Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic are Verb–subject–object languages.
See Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic
Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic (translit), also known as Darija (الدارجة or الداريجة), is the dialectal, vernacular form or forms of Arabic spoken in Morocco. Arabic and Moroccan Arabic are languages of Morocco.
See Arabic and Moroccan Arabic
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
Morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful constituent of a linguistic expression.
Morphological derivation
Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as For example, unhappy and happiness derive from the root word happy. It is differentiated from inflection, which is the modification of a word to form different grammatical categories without changing its core meaning: determines, determining, and determined are from the root determine.
See Arabic and Morphological derivation
Morphology (linguistics)
In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language.
See Arabic and Morphology (linguistics)
Mosul
Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.
See Arabic and Mosul
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by rebel forces in 2011.
See Arabic and Muammar Gaddafi
Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian governor and military commander who was the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, considered the founder of modern Egypt.
See Arabic and Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Mustafa Azmi
Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (1930 – 20 December 2017) was an Indian-born Saudi Arabian contemporary hadith scholar best known for his critical investigation of the theories of fellow Islamic scholars Ignác Goldziher, David Margoliouth, and Joseph Schacht.
See Arabic and Muhammad Mustafa Azmi
Muhaqqaq
Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic.
Murtada al-Zabidi
Al-Murtaḍá al-Husaynī al-Zabīdī (المرتضى الحسيني الزبيدي), or Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī (1732–1790 / 1145–1205 AH), also known as Murtada al-Zabidi, was an Indian Sunni polymath based in Cairo.
See Arabic and Murtada al-Zabidi
Muslim world
The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Mutual intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.
See Arabic and Mutual intelligibility
Muwashshah
Muwashshah (مُوَشَّح literally means "girdled" in Classical Arabic; plural موشحات or تواشيح) is the name for both an Arabic poetic form and a musical genre.
Nabataean script
The Nabataean script is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) that was used to write Nabataean Aramaic and Nabataean Arabic from the second century BC onwards.
See Arabic and Nabataean script
Nablus
Nablus (Nāblus; Šəḵem, ISO 259-3:,; Samaritan Hebrew: script, romanized:; Νeápolis) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 156,906.
Nahda
The Nahda (translit, meaning "the Awakening"), also referred to as the Arab Awakening or Enlightenment, was a cultural movement that flourished in Arab-populated regions of the Ottoman Empire, notably in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Tunisia, during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
See Arabic and Nahda
Najaf
Najaf or An-Najaf or Al-Najaf (ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf (ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), is the capital city of Najaf Governorate in central Iraq about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad.
See Arabic and Najaf
Najd
Najd (نَجْدٌ) is the central region of Saudi Arabia, in which about a third of the country's modern population resides.
See Arabic and Najd
Najdi Arabic
Najdi Arabic (اللهجة النجدية) is the group of Arabic varieties originating from the Najd region of Saudi Arabia. Arabic and Najdi Arabic are languages of Iraq, languages of Jordan, languages of Saudi Arabia and languages of Syria.
Namara inscription
The Namara inscription (نقش النمارة) is a 4th century inscription in the Arabic language, making it one of the earliest.
See Arabic and Namara inscription
Naskh (script)
Naskh is a smaller, round script of Islamic calligraphy.
Neologism
In linguistics, a neologism (also known as a coinage) is any newly formed word, term, or phrase that nevertheless has achieved popular or institutional recognition and is becoming accepted into mainstream language.
Niger
Niger or the Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a country in West Africa.
See Arabic and Niger
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.
Nominative case
In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb, or (in Latin and formal variants of English) a predicative nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments.
See Arabic and Nominative case
Nonconcatenative morphology
Nonconcatenative morphology, also called discontinuous morphology and introflection, is a form of word formation and inflection in which the root is modified and which does not involve stringing morphemes together sequentially.
See Arabic and Nonconcatenative morphology
Nonpast tense
The nonpast tense (also spelled non-past) (abbreviated) is a grammatical tense that distinguishes an action as taking place in times present or future.
North Mesopotamian Arabic
North Mesopotamian Arabic, also known as Moslawi (meaning 'of Mosul'), Mardelli (meaning 'of Mardin'), Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic, or Syro-Mesopotamian Arabic, is one of the two main varieties of Mesopotamian Arabic, together with Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic. Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic are languages of Iraq and languages of Syria.
See Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic
Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East.
See Arabic and Northeast Caucasian languages
Northwest Arabian Arabic
Northwest Arabian Arabic (also called Levantine Bedawi Arabic or Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic) is a proposed subfamily of Arabic encompassing the traditional Bedouin dialects of the Sinai Peninsula, the Negev, Gaza Strip, southern Jordan, and the northwestern corner of Saudi Arabia. Arabic and northwest Arabian Arabic are languages of Israel, languages of Jordan, languages of Saudi Arabia and languages of the State of Palestine.
See Arabic and Northwest Arabian Arabic
Nubi language
The Nubi language (also called Ki-Nubi, kī-nūbī) is a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language spoken in Uganda around Bombo, and in Kenya around Kibera, by the Ugandan Nubians, many of whom are descendants of Emin Pasha's Sudanese soldiers who were settled there by the British colonial administration.
Nunation
Nunation (تَنوِين), in some Semitic languages such as Literary Arabic, is the addition of one of three vowel diacritics (ḥarakāt) to a noun or adjective.
Odia language
Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ, ISO:,; formerly rendered as Oriya) is an Indo-Aryan classical language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha.
Official languages of the United Nations
The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages used in United Nations (UN) meetings and in which the UN writes all its official documents.
See Arabic and Official languages of the United Nations
Old Arabic
Old Arabic is the name for any Arabic language or dialect continuum before Islam. Arabic and Old Arabic are languages attested from the 9th century BC.
Old Hijazi Arabic
Old Hijazi, is a variety of Old Arabic attested in Hejaz (the western part of Saudi Arabia) from about the 1st century to the 7th century.
See Arabic and Old Hijazi Arabic
Old South Arabian
Old South Arabian (also known as Ancient South Arabian (ASA), Epigraphic South Arabian, Ṣayhadic, or Yemenite) is a group of four closely related extinct languages (Sabaean/Sabaic, Qatabanic, Hadramitic, Minaic) spoken in the far southern portion of the Arabian Peninsula.
See Arabic and Old South Arabian
Oman
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.
See Arabic and Oman
Omani Arabic
Omani Arabic (also known as Omani Hadari Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Al Hajar Mountains of Oman and in a few neighboring coastal regions. Arabic and Omani Arabic are languages of Oman.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1969.
See Arabic and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word boundaries, emphasis, and punctuation.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish (Lisân-ı Osmânî,; Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). Arabic and Ottoman Turkish are languages of Tunisia.
See Arabic and Ottoman Turkish
Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.
See Arabic and Oxford English Dictionary
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
Palestinian Arabic
Palestinian Arabic is a dialect continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of Levantine Arabic spoken by Palestinians in Palestine, including the State of Palestine, Israel and in the Palestinian diaspora. Arabic and Palestinian Arabic are languages of Israel and languages of the State of Palestine.
See Arabic and Palestinian Arabic
Palestinian Authority
The Palestinian Authority, officially known as the Palestinian National Authority or the State of Palestine, is the Fatah-controlled government body that exercises partial civil control over the Palestinian enclaves in the Israeli-occupied West Bank as a consequence of the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords.
See Arabic and Palestinian Authority
Parthian language
The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlawānīg, is an extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language once spoken in Parthia, a region situated in present-day northeastern Iran and Turkmenistan.
See Arabic and Parthian language
Participle
In linguistics, a participle (abbr.) is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives.
Passive voice
A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages.
Past
The past is the set of all events that occurred before a given point in time.
See Arabic and Past
Peninsular Arabic
Peninsular Arabic are the varieties of Arabic spoken throughout the Arabian Peninsula. Arabic and Peninsular Arabic are languages of Saudi Arabia.
See Arabic and Peninsular Arabic
Perfect (grammar)
The perfect tense or aspect (abbreviated or) is a verb form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself.
See Arabic and Perfect (grammar)
Perfective aspect
The perfective aspect (abbreviated), sometimes called the aoristic aspect, is a grammatical aspect that describes an action viewed as a simple whole, i.e., a unit without interior composition.
See Arabic and Perfective aspect
Permutation
In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things.
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Arabic and Persian language are languages of Bahrain, languages of Iran, languages of Iraq, languages of Kuwait and stress-timed languages.
See Arabic and Persian language
Personal computer
A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use.
See Arabic and Personal computer
Pharyngealization
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
See Arabic and Pharyngealization
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
Phoneme
In linguistics and specifically phonology, a phoneme is any set of similar phones (speech sounds) that is perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single distinct unit, a single basic sound, which helps distinguish one word from another.
Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phones) by means of symbols.
See Arabic and Phonetic transcription
Phonological change
In historical linguistics, phonological change is any sound change that alters the distribution of phonemes in a language.
See Arabic and Phonological change
Phonology
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.
Pidgin
A pidgin, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages.
Placeholder name
Placeholder names are intentionally overly generic and ambiguous terms referring to things, places, or people, the names of which or of whom do not actually exist; are temporarily forgotten, or are unimportant; or in order to avoid stigmatization, or because they are unknowable or unpredictable given the context of their discussion; or to deliberately expunge direct use of the name.
See Arabic and Placeholder name
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. Arabic and portuguese language are Fusional languages, lingua francas and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Portuguese language
Positional notation
Positional notation (or place-value notation, or positional numeral system) usually denotes the extension to any base of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system (or decimal system).
See Arabic and Positional notation
Post-industrial society
In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy.
See Arabic and Post-industrial society
Pre-classical Arabic
Pre-classical Arabic is the cover term for all varieties of Arabic spoken in the Arabian Peninsula until immediately after the Arab conquests and emergence of Classical Arabic in the 7th century C.E. Scholars disagree about the status of these varieties. Arabic and Pre-classical Arabic are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Pre-classical Arabic
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia, referring to the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad's first revelation in 610 CE, is referred to in Islam in the context of, highlighting the prevalence of paganism throughout the region at the time.
See Arabic and Pre-Islamic Arabia
Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word.
Preterite
The preterite or preterit (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.
Primary school
A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary education of children who are 4 to 10 years of age (and in many cases, 11 years of age).
Prime (symbol)
The prime symbol, double prime symbol, triple prime symbol, and quadruple prime symbol are used to designate units and for other purposes in mathematics, science, linguistics and music.
Pronoun
In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (glossed) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.
Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody is the study of elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but which are properties of syllables and larger units of speech, including linguistic functions such as intonation, stress, and rhythm.
See Arabic and Prosody (linguistics)
Proto-Afroasiatic language
Proto-Afroasiatic (PAA), also known as Proto-Hamito-Semitic, Proto-Semito-Hamitic, and Proto-Afrasian, is the reconstructed proto-language from which all modern Afroasiatic languages are descended.
See Arabic and Proto-Afroasiatic language
Proto-Arabic language
Proto-Arabic is the name given to the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor of all the varieties of Arabic attested since the 9th century BC. Arabic and Proto-Arabic language are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Proto-Arabic language
Proto-language
In the tree model of historical linguistics, a proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family.
Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed proto-language common ancestor to the Semitic language family.
See Arabic and Proto-Semitic language
Proverb
A proverb (from proverbium) or an adage is a simple, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based on common sense or experience.
Punjabi language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. Arabic and Punjabi language are Fusional languages.
See Arabic and Punjabi language
Qaryat al-Faw
Qaryat Al Faw (قرية الفاو) was the capital of the first Kindah kingdom.
Qatar
Qatar (قطر) officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf.
See Arabic and Qatar
Qatif
Qatif or Al-Qatif (ٱلْقَطِيف Al-Qaṭīf) is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
See Arabic and Qatif
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
See Arabic and Quran
Rayhani script
Reyhan or Rayḥānī (ریحان) is one of the six canonical scripts of Perso-Arabic calligraphy.
Realis mood
A realis mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences.
Reflexive verb
In grammar, a reflexive verb is, loosely, a verb whose direct object is the same as its subject, for example, "I wash myself".
Religious studies
Religious studies, also known as the study of religion, is the scientific study of religion.
See Arabic and Religious studies
Revival of the Hebrew language
The revival of the Hebrew language took place in Europe and the Southern Levant region toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, through which the language's usage changed from purely the sacred language of Judaism to a spoken and written language used for daily life in Israel.
See Arabic and Revival of the Hebrew language
Rifa'a at-Tahtawi
Rifa'a Rafi' at-Tahtawi (translit; 1801–1873) was an Egyptian writer, teacher, translator, Egyptologist, and intellectual of the Nahda (the Arab renaissance).
See Arabic and Rifa'a at-Tahtawi
Right-to-left script
In a script (commonly shortened to right to left or abbreviated RTL, RL-TB or R2L), writing starts from the right of the page and continues to the left, proceeding from top to bottom for new lines.
See Arabic and Right-to-left script
Roger Dachez
Roger Dachez (born in 1955) is a professor at the Paris Diderot University and president of the Jean-Alfred Fournier Institute in Paris.
Rohingya language
Rohingya (Hanifi Rohingya:,,,Muhammad Ibrahim, (2013) Rohingya Text Book I. رُحَ࣪ڠۡگِ࣭ࢬ فࣤنَّ࣪رۡ كِتَفۡ لࣤمۡبࣤ࣪رۡ (١), Published by Rohingya fonna) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Rohingya people of Rakhine State, Myanmar.
See Arabic and Rohingya language
Romance languages
The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin. Arabic and Romance languages are Fusional languages.
See Arabic and Romance languages
Romanization of Arabic
The romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spoken Arabic in the Latin script. Arabic and romanization of Arabic are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Romanization of Arabic
Root (linguistics)
A root (or root word or radical) is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements.
See Arabic and Root (linguistics)
Ruqʿah script
(رُقعة) or is a writing style of Arabic script intended for the rapid production of texts.
Sa'id al-Afghani
Sa'id al-Afghani was a professor of Arabic language and literature at the University of Damascus.
See Arabic and Sa'id al-Afghani
Sabaic
Sabaic, sometimes referred to as Sabaean, was an Old South Arabian language that was spoken between c. 1000 BC and the 6th century AD by the Sabaeans.
Sacred language
A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.
See Arabic and Sacred language
Saʽidi Arabic
Ṣaʽīdi Arabic (autonym: صعيدى), or Upper Egyptian Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Upper Egyptians in the area that is South/Upper Egypt, a strip of land on both sides of the Nile that extends from Aswan and downriver (northwards) to Lower Egypt.
Safaitic
Safaitic (Al-Ṣafāʾiyyah) is a variety of the South Semitic scripts used by the Arabs in southern Syria and northern Jordan in the Ḥarrah region, to carve rock inscriptions in various dialects of Old Arabic and Ancient North Arabian.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, also known as the Sahrawi Republic and Western Sahara, is a partially recognized state, located in the western Maghreb, which claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, but controls only the easternmost one-fifth of that territory.
See Arabic and Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Said Akl
Said Akl (سعيد عقل,, also transliterated Saïd Akl, Said Aql and Saeed Akl; 4 July 1911 – 28 November 2014) was a Lebanese poet, philosopher, writer, playwright and language reformer.
Salah
Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam.
See Arabic and Salah
Salama Moussa
Salama Moussa (or Musa; 4 February 1887 – 4 August 1958) (سلامه موسى) was an Egyptian journalist, writer and political theorist.
Samaritan script
The Samaritan Hebrew script, or simply Samaritan script is used by the Samaritans for religious writings, including the Samaritan Pentateuch, writings in Samaritan Hebrew, and for commentaries and translations in Samaritan Aramaic and occasionally Arabic.
See Arabic and Samaritan script
San Rafael, California
San Rafael (Spanish for "St. Raphael") is a city and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States.
See Arabic and San Rafael, California
Sanʽani Arabic
Sanʽani Arabic is an Arabic dialect spoken in north of Yemen in the city of Sana'a.
Saraiki language
Saraiki (سرائیکی.; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda group, spoken by more than 30 million people primarily in the south-western half of the province of Punjab in Pakistan.
See Arabic and Saraiki language
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
Scots language
ScotsThe endonym for Scots is Scots. Arabic and Scots language are Subject–verb–object languages.
Second language
A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1).
See Arabic and Second language
Secondary school
A secondary school or high school is an institution that provides secondary education.
See Arabic and Secondary school
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Arabic and Semitic languages are Arabic language and Fusional languages.
See Arabic and Semitic languages
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
Senegal
Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.
Serbian language
Serbian (српски / srpski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. Arabic and Serbian language are Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Serbian language
Shihhi Arabic
Shihhi Arabic (also known as Shehhi, Khasabi, Musandam Arabic, or Ruʾūs al-Jibāl Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Musandam Governorate of Oman and Ras al Khaimah emirate of UAE. Arabic and Shihhi Arabic are languages of Oman and languages of the United Arab Emirates.
Shirvani Arabic
Shirvani Arabic is a variety of Arabic that was once spoken in what is now central and northeastern Azerbaijan (historically known as Shirvan) and southern Dagestan.
See Arabic and Shirvani Arabic
Sibawayh
Sibawayh (سِيبَوَيْهِي or; سِیبُویه), whose full name is Abu Bishr Amr ibn Uthman ibn Qanbar al-Basri (أَبُو بِشْر عَمْرو بْن عُثْمَان بْن قَنْبَر ٱلْبَصْرِيّ), was a Persian leading grammarian of Basra and author of the earliest book on Arabic grammar.
Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu,; siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands. Arabic and sicilian language are languages of Sicily.
See Arabic and Sicilian language
Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.
Siculo-Arabic
Siculo-Arabic or Sicilian Arabic (al-lahja l-ʿarabiyya ṣ-ṣiqilliyya) is the term used for varieties of Arabic that were spoken in the Emirate of Sicily (which included Malta) from the 9th century, persisting under the subsequent Norman rule until the 13th century. Arabic and Siculo-Arabic are languages of Sicily.
Sindhi language
Sindhi (or सिन्धी) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where it has official status.
See Arabic and Sindhi language
Soap opera
A soap opera, daytime drama, or soap for short, is typically a long-running radio or television serial, frequently characterized by melodrama, ensemble casts, and sentimentality.
Solecism
A solecism is a phrase that transgresses the rules of grammar.
Somali language
Somali (Latin script: Af-Soomaali; Wadaad:; Osmanya: 𐒖𐒍 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. Arabic and Somali language are languages of Djibouti and languages of Somalia.
See Arabic and Somali language
Somalia
Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa.
Somaliland
Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa.
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
South Mesopotamian Arabic
South Mesopotamian Arabic (al-lahja l-ʿirāqiyya l-janūbiyya) or Marsh Arabic is a variety of Mesopotamian Arabic spoken by Southern Iraqis in Basra, Maysan, Dhi Qar and Wasit.
See Arabic and South Mesopotamian Arabic
South Sudan
South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
Southeastern Anatolia Region
The Southeastern Anatolia Region (Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.
See Arabic and Southeastern Anatolia Region
Spain
Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.
See Arabic and Spain
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. Arabic and Spanish language are Fusional languages, lingua francas and Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Spanish language
Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949).
See Arabic and Standard Chinese
Standard language
A standard language (or standard variety, standard dialect, standardized dialect or simply standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of its grammar, lexicon, writing system, or other features and stands out among other varieties in a community as the one with the highest status or prestige.
See Arabic and Standard language
State of Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region.
See Arabic and State of Palestine
Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.
See Arabic and Subjunctive mood
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.
See Arabic and Sudan
Sudanese Arabic
Sudanese Arabic, also referred to as the Sudanese dialect, Colloquial Sudanese or locally as Common Sudanese refers to the various related varieties of Arabic spoken in Sudan as well as parts of Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Chad. Arabic and Sudanese Arabic are languages of Sudan.
See Arabic and Sudanese Arabic
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.
Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria
The Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria (المجلس الأعلى للغة العربية بالجزائر) is an advisory body to the President of the Republic of Algeria, established by Order No. Arabic and Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria are languages of Algeria.
See Arabic and Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria
Suret language
Suret (ܣܘܪܝܬ) (ˈsu:rɪtʰ or ˈsu:rɪθ), also known as Assyrian, refers to the varieties of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) spoken by Christians, namely Assyrians. Arabic and Suret language are Fusional languages, languages of Iran, languages of Iraq, languages of Kurdistan, languages of Syria, stress-timed languages, Subject–verb–object languages and Verb–subject–object languages.
Swahili language
Swahili, also known by its local name Kiswahili, is a Bantu language originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique (along the East African coast and adjacent littoral islands). Arabic and Swahili language are languages of Oman.
See Arabic and Swahili language
Sylheti language
Sylheti (Sylheti Nagri:, síloṭi,; সিলেটি, sileṭi) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by an estimated 11 million people, primarily in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh, Barak Valley of Assam, and northern parts of Tripura in India.
See Arabic and Sylheti language
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
See Arabic and Syria
Syriac alphabet
The Syriac alphabet (ܐܠܦ ܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) is a writing system primarily used to write the Syriac language since the 1st century AD.
See Arabic and Syriac alphabet
Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic
Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic or Southern Yemeni Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken primarily in Yemen.
See Arabic and Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic
Tagalog language
Tagalog (Baybayin) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines, and as a second language by the majority. Arabic and Tagalog language are Subject–verb–object languages and Verb–subject–object languages.
See Arabic and Tagalog language
Taha Hussein
Taha Hussein (طه حسين; November 15, 1889 – October 28, 1973) was among the most influential 20th-century Egyptian writers and intellectuals, and a leading figure of the Arab Renaissance and the modernist movement in the Arab world.
Taj al-ʿArus Min Jawahir al-Qamus
Taj Al-ʿArus min Jawahir Al-Qamus (short title Taj al-ʿArus; "The Bride's Crown from the Pearls of al-Qāmūs") is an Arabic language dictionary written by the Egyptian scholar Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790), one of the foremost philologists of the Arab post-classical era.
See Arabic and Taj al-ʿArus Min Jawahir al-Qamus
Tajikistan
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.
Talk show
A talk show (sometimes chat show in British English) is a television programming, radio programming or Podcast genre structured around the act of spontaneous conversation.
Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
Tawqi
Tawqi‘ (al-tawqī‘) is a calligraphic variety of the Arabic script.
See Arabic and Tawqi
Taymanitic
Taymanitic was the language and script of the oasis of Taymāʾ in northwestern Arabia, dated to the second half of the 6th century BC.
Text messaging
Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile devices, desktops/laptops, or another type of compatible computer.
Thamudic B
Thamudic B is a Central Semitic language and script concentrated in northwestern Arabia, with attestations in Syria, Egypt, and Yemen.
Thuluth
Thuluth (ثُلُث, or خَطُّ الثُّلُثِ,; ثلث, Sols; Turkish: Sülüs, from "one-third") is an Arabic script variety of Islamic calligraphy.
Tigrinya language
Tigrinya (ትግርኛ,; also spelled Tigrigna) is an Ethio-Semitic language commonly spoken in Eritrea and in northern Ethiopia's Tigray Region by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples. Arabic and Tigrinya language are Fusional languages and languages of Eritrea.
See Arabic and Tigrinya language
Transliteration
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus trans- + liter-) in predictable ways, such as Greek →, Cyrillic →, Greek → the digraph, Armenian → or Latin →.
See Arabic and Transliteration
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
Tunisian Arabic
Tunisian Arabic, or simply Tunisian, is a variety of Arabic spoken in Tunisia. Arabic and Tunisian Arabic are languages of Tunisia.
See Arabic and Tunisian Arabic
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Arabic and Turkish language
Turkmen language
Turkmen (türkmençe, түркменче, تۆرکمنچه, or türkmen dili, түркмен дили, تۆرکمن ديلی), is a Turkic language of the Oghuz branch spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia. Arabic and Turkmen language are languages of Iran.
See Arabic and Turkmen language
Umm el-Jimal
Umm el-Jimal (امالجمال, "Mother of Camels"), also rendered as Umm ej Jemāl, Umm al-Jimal or Umm idj-Djimal, is a village in northern Jordan approximately 17 kilometers east of Mafraq.
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.
See Arabic and United Arab Emirates
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) is one of the nine expert groups of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and deals with the national and international standardization of geographical names.
See Arabic and United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States Federal government.
See Arabic and United States Government Publishing Office
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings.
See Arabic and Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. Arabic and Urdu are Fusional languages and lingua francas.
See Arabic and Urdu
Uyghur language
Uyghur or Uighur (ئۇيغۇر تىلى, Уйғур тили, Uyghur tili, Uyƣur tili, or ئۇيغۇرچە, Уйғурчә, Uyghurche, Uyƣurqə,, CTA: Uyğurçä; formerly known as Eastern Turki) is a Turkic language written in a Uyghur Perso-Arabic script with 8–13 million speakers, spoken primarily by the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China.
See Arabic and Uyghur language
Uzbek language
Uzbek (pronounced), formerly known as Turki, is a Karluk Turkic language spoken by Uzbeks.
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.
Varieties of Arabic
Varieties of Arabic (or dialects or vernacular languages) are the linguistic systems that Arabic speakers speak natively. Arabic and Varieties of Arabic are Arabic language.
See Arabic and Varieties of Arabic
Varieties of Chinese
There are hundreds of local Chinese language varieties forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, many of which are not mutually intelligible.
See Arabic and Varieties of Chinese
Verbal noun
Historically, grammarians have described a verbal noun or gerundial noun as a verb form that functions as a noun.
Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of language, particularly when perceived as being of lower social status in contrast to standard language, which is more codified, institutional, literary, or formal.
Voice (grammar)
In grammar, the voice (aka diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice.
See Arabic and Voice (grammar)
Vowel
A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.
See Arabic and Vowel
Vowel length
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.
Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward.
Walter J. Ong
Walter Jackson Ong (November 30, 1912 – August 12, 2003) was an American Jesuit priest, professor of English literature, cultural and religious historian, and philosopher.
West Semitic languages
The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of ancient Semitic languages.
See Arabic and West Semitic languages
Western Sahara
Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North-western Africa.
Wolof language
Wolof (Wolof làkk, وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by the Wolof people in much of West African subregion of Senegambia that is split between the countries of Senegal, Mauritania, and the Gambia. Arabic and Wolof language are languages of Mauritania and languages of Senegal.
Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language.
World language
In linguistics, a world language (sometimes global language, rarely international language) is a language that is geographically widespread and makes it possible for members of different language communities to communicate.
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is an information system that enables content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists.
Writing system
A writing system comprises a particular set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language.
Yasir Suleiman
Yasir Suleiman CBE is the Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Professor of Modern Arabic Studies at the University of Cambridge.
Yemen
Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.
See Arabic and Yemen
Yemeni Arabic
Yemeni Arabic is a cluster of varieties of Arabic spoken in Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia.
Yodh
Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician yōd 𐤉, Hebrew yud י, Aramaic yod 𐡉, Syriac yōḏ ܝ, and Arabic yāʾ ي.
See Arabic and Yodh
Yoruba language
Yoruba (Yor. Èdè Yorùbá,; Ajami: عِدعِ يوْرُبا) is a language that is spoken in West Africa, primarily in Southwestern and Central Nigeria. Arabic and Yoruba language are Subject–verb–object languages.
See Arabic and Yoruba language
Zabad inscription
The Zabad inscription (or trilingual Zabad inscription, Zebed inscription) is a trilingual Christian inscription containing text in the Greek, Syriac, and Paleo-Arabic scripts.
See Arabic and Zabad inscription
Zajal
Zajal is a traditional form of oral strophic poetry declaimed in a colloquial dialect.
See Arabic and Zajal
Zanzibar
Zanzibar is an insular semi-autonomous region which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.
Zawiya (institution)
A zawiya or zaouia (translit;; also spelled zawiyah or zawiyya) is a building and institution associated with Sufis in the Islamic world.
See Arabic and Zawiya (institution)
Zionism
Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.
107th United States Congress
The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.
See Arabic and 107th United States Congress
See also
Central Semitic languages
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Arabic languages
- Central Semitic languages
- Classification of Arabic languages
- Maltese language
- Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan
- Northwest Semitic languages
- Rijal Alma (speech variety)
- Syriac language
Fusional languages
- American Sign Language
- Amharic
- Arabic
- Caribbean Hindustani
- Danish language
- English language
- French language
- Fusional language
- German language
- Greek language
- Hausa language
- Hebrew language
- Hindi
- Interlingua
- Irish language
- Italian language
- Ithkuil
- Khalsa bole
- Latin
- Mandaic language
- Navajo language
- Nepali language
- Norwegian language
- Pashto
- Pennsylvania Dutch language
- Portuguese language
- Punjabi language
- Romance languages
- Scottish Gaelic
- Semitic languages
- Sindarin
- Sinhala language
- Skolt Sámi
- Slavic languages
- Spanish language
- Standard German
- Suret language
- Tigrinya language
- Urdu
- Venedic language
- Welsh language
Languages attested from the 9th century BC
Languages of Algeria
- African Romance
- Africitas
- Algerian Arabic
- Algerian Braille
- Algerian Jewish Sign Language
- Algerian Saharan Arabic
- Algerian Sign Language
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Beni Snous dialect
- Berber languages
- Domari language
- English language in Algeria
- French language
- French language in Algeria
- Gurara language
- Hassaniya Arabic
- Jijel Arabic
- Judeo-Algerian Arabic
- Kabyle grammar
- Kabyle language
- Korandje language
- Languages of Algeria
- Mediterranean Lingua Franca
- Mozabite language
- Northern Berber languages
- Numidian language
- Ouargli language
- Patuet
- Riff languages
- Shawiya language
- Shenwa language
- South Oran and Figuig Berber
- Standard Algerian Berber
- Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria
- Tamahaq language
- Tuareg languages
- Tugurt language
- Tuwat language
- Western Algerian Zenatic dialects
- Zenati languages
Languages of Bahrain
Languages of Djibouti
- Afar language
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- French language
- Languages of Djibouti
- Northern Somali
- Omo–Tana languages
- Saho–Afar languages
- Somali Sign Language
- Somali language
Languages of Eritrea
- Afar language
- Arabic
- Beja language
- Bilen language
- Dahalik language
- Eritrean Sign Language
- Ethio-Semitic languages
- Geʽez
- Hejazi Arabic
- Ilit language
- Italian Eritrean
- Kunama language
- Kunama languages
- Languages of Eritrea
- Nara language
- Saho language
- Saho–Afar languages
- Tigre language
- Tigrinya language
Languages of Gibraltar
- Arabic
- Berber languages
- British English
- Gibraltarian English
- Languages of Gibraltar
- Llanito
- Maghrebi Arabic
Languages of Iraq
- Adyghe language
- Afshar dialect
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Azerbaijani language
- Baghdad Jewish Arabic
- Baghdadi Arabic
- Brahui language
- Chechen language
- Domari language
- Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
- Gulf Arabic
- Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Iranian Persian
- Iraqi Sign Language
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
- Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
- Kabardian language
- Kurdish Academy
- Kurdish Academy of Language
- Kurdish Sign Language
- Kurdish language
- Kurmanji
- Languages of Iraq
- Mandaic language
- Najdi Arabic
- Neo-Aramaic languages
- Neo-Mandaic
- North Mesopotamian Arabic
- Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
- Persian language
- Shabaki language
- Sorani
- Suret language
- Syriac language
- Western Armenian
- Zaza–Gorani languages
Languages of Israel
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Arabic language in Israel
- Domari language
- Hebrew language
- Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Israeli Sign Language
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
- Judaeo-Spanish
- Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
- Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
- Judeo-Persian
- Judeo-Syrian Arabic
- Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
- Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
- Judeo-Yemeni Arabic
- Kurdish language
- Languages of Israel
- Mashriqi Arabic
- Modern Hebrew
- Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic
- Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
- Northwest Arabian Arabic
- Palestinian Arabic
- Russian language in Israel
- South Levantine Arabic
- Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Vlax Romani language
- Western Aramaic languages
- Yemenite Hebrew
- Yevanic language
- Yiddish
Languages of Jordan
- Adyghe language
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Chechen language
- Domari language
- Jordanian Arabic
- Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic
- Kurmanji
- Levantine Arabic Sign Language
- Najdi Arabic
- Northwest Arabian Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic
Languages of Kurdistan
- Arabic
- Armenian language
- Central Neo-Aramaic
- Gorani language
- Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
- Judeo-Aramaic languages
- Kordali language
- Kurdish language
- Kurmanji
- Laki language
- Mlaḥsô language
- Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan
- Neo-Aramaic dialect of Hertevin
- Shabaki language
- Sorani
- Southern Kurdish
- Suret language
- Syriac language
- Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Turoyo language
- Zaza language
- Zaza–Gorani languages
Languages of Kuwait
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
- Gulf Arabic
- Gulf Pidgin Arabic
- Kuwaiti Arabic
- Kuwaiti Persian
- Kuwaiti Sign Language
- Mehri language
- Persian language
- Telugu language
Languages of Lebanon
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Armenian language
- Domari language
- English language in Lebanon
- French language
- French language in Lebanon
- Kurdish language
- Kurmanji
- Languages of Lebanon
- Lebanese Arabic
- Lebanese Aramaic
- Levantine Arabic Sign Language
- North Levantine Arabic
- Syriac language
- Western Aramaic languages
- Western Armenian
Languages of Libya
- Algerian Saharan Arabic
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Awjila language
- Domari language
- Eastern Berber languages
- Ghadamès language
- Hassaniya Arabic
- Languages of Libya
- Libyan Arabic
- Libyan Sign Language
- Nafusi language
- Northern Berber languages
- Sokna language
- Tamahaq language
- Tebu languages
- Teda language
- Zurg language
- Zuwara Berber
Languages of Mauritania
- Algerian Saharan Arabic
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Azer dialect
- Bambara language
- Berber languages
- Cangin languages
- French language
- Fula language
- Hassaniya Arabic
- Languages of Mauritania
- Nemadi dialect
- Pulaar language
- Serer language
- Soninke language
- Varieties of American Sign Language
- Wolof language
- Zenaga language
Languages of Morocco
- Ait Seghrouchen Berber
- Algerian Saharan Arabic
- Algerian Sign Language
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Berber languages
- Central Atlas Tamazight
- Central Atlas Tamazight grammar
- Domari language
- Eastern Middle Atlas Berber
- Eastern Morocco Zenati
- French language
- French language in Morocco
- Ghomara language
- Hassaniya Arabic
- Iznasen
- Jebli Arabic
- Judeo-Berber language
- KtbDarija
- Language Attitudes Among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco
- Languages of Morocco
- Lisan al-Gharbi
- Moroccan Arabic
- Northern Berber languages
- Numidian language
- Riff languages
- Sanhaja de Srair language
- Shilha language
- South Oran and Figuig Berber
- Tarifit
- Zenati languages
Languages of Niger
- Air Tamajeq language
- Algerian Saharan Arabic
- Arabic
- Bambara language
- Berber languages
- Chadian Arabic
- Daza language
- French language
- Fula language
- Gourmanché
- Hassaniya Arabic
- Hausa Ajami
- Hausa language
- Kanuri language
- Languages of Niger
- Margi language
- Songhaiborai
- Songhay languages
- Songhoyboro Ciine
- Tagdal language
- Tamahaq language
- Tasawaq language
- Tebu languages
- Teda language
- Varieties of American Sign Language
- Zarma language
Languages of Oman
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Bahrani Arabic
- Baṭḥari language
- Dhofari Arabic
- Gulf Arabic
- Hobyót language
- Jadgali language
- Kumzari language
- Luwati language
- Mehri language
- Modern South Arabian languages
- Omani Arabic
- Omani Sign Language
- Shehri language
- Shihhi Arabic
- Swahili language
Languages of Qatar
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Brahui language
- Gulf Arabic
- Mehri language
- Qatari Unified Sign Language
- Telugu language
Languages of Saudi Arabia
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Bahrani Arabic
- Bareqi Arabic
- Faifi language
- Gulf Arabic
- Gulf Pidgin Arabic
- Hejazi Arabic
- Najdi Arabic
- Northwest Arabian Arabic
- Peninsular Arabic
- Saudi Sign Language
Languages of Senegal
- Arabic
- Azer dialect
- Balanta languages
- Bambara language
- Bandial language
- Banyun language
- Bapeng language
- Bassari language
- Bayot language
- Bedik language
- Cangin languages
- Casamance Creole
- Dyula language
- French language
- Fula language
- Guinea-Bissau Creole
- Gusilay language
- Hassaniya Arabic
- Jola languages
- Jola-Felupe language
- Jola-Fonyi language
- Karon language
- Kasa language
- Kassonke language
- Kobiana language
- Kwatay language
- Laalaa language
- Languages of Senegal
- Mandinka language
- Maninka language
- Manjak language
- Mbour Sign Language
- Mlomp language
- Ndut language
- Noon language
- Palor language
- Pulaar language
- Safen language
- Serer language
- Soninke language
- Varieties of American Sign Language
- Wamey language
- Wolof language
- Wolofization
- Zenaga language
Languages of Sicily
- Albanian language
- Ancient Greek
- Arabic
- Arbëresh language
- Berber languages
- Elymian language
- Gallo-Italic of Sicily
- Greek language
- Italian language
- Judeo-Arabic dialects
- Koine Greek
- Late Latin
- Maghrebi Arabic
- Maltese language
- Medieval Greek
- Mediterranean Lingua Franca
- Norman language
- Old Norman
- Phoenician language
- Punic language
- Sicani
- Sicilian language
- Siculo-Arabic
- Southern Italian Koiné
Languages of Somalia
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Bajuni dialect
- Boon language
- Bravanese dialect
- Dabarre language
- Garre language
- Jiiddu language
- Languages of Somalia
- Languages of Somaliland
- Maay Maay
- Mehri language
- Northern Somali
- Omo–Tana languages
- Somali language
- Tunni language
Languages of Syria
- Adyghe language
- Afshar dialect
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Azerbaijani language
- Damascus Arabic
- Domari language
- Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
- Koine Greek
- Kurdish language
- Kurmanji
- Languages of Syria
- Lebanese Aramaic
- Levantine Arabic Sign Language
- Lomavren language
- Mlaḥsô language
- Najdi Arabic
- Neo-Aramaic languages
- North Levantine Arabic
- North Mesopotamian Arabic
- Palmyrene Aramaic
- Suret language
- Syriac language
- Syrian Arabic
- Turoyo language
- Ugaritic
- Western Armenian
- Western Neo-Aramaic
Languages of Tunisia
- African Romance
- Africitas
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Berber languages
- Domari language
- Douiret language
- French language
- Jerba Berber
- Languages of Tunisia
- Matmata Berber
- Mediterranean Lingua Franca
- Northern Berber languages
- Numidian language
- Ottoman Turkish
- Sened language
- Tunisian Arabic
- Tunisian Arabic morphology
- Tunisian Sign Language
Languages of the Comoros
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Bushi language
- Comorian languages
- French language
- Languages of the Comoros
- Malagasy language
- Maore dialect
Languages of the State of Palestine
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Domari language
- Languages of Palestine
- Levantine Arabic Sign Language
- Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic
- Northwest Arabian Arabic
- Palestinian Arabic
- Samaritan Aramaic language
- South Levantine Arabic
Languages of the United Arab Emirates
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Emirati Sign Language
- Gulf Arabic
- Gulf Pidgin Arabic
- Kumzari language
- Shihhi Arabic
- Soqotri language
Lingua francas
- Ajem-Turkic
- Arabic
- Chagatai language
- Chinese language
- English language
- French language
- Hindi
- Hindustani language
- Kumyk language
- Lingua franca
- List of lingua francas
- Mediterranean Lingua Franca
- Meitei language
- Nepali language
- Portuguese language
- Russian language
- Sogdian language
- Spanish language
- Urdu
Stress-timed languages
- Afrikaans
- Arabic
- Catalan language
- Danish language
- Dutch language
- English language
- European Portuguese
- Faroese language
- German language
- Isan language
- Kaaps
- Northern Thai language
- Norwegian language
- Persian language
- Russian language
- Standard German
- Suret language
- Swedish language
- Thai language
References
Also known as Al Arabiyyah, Al-'arabiyah, Al-Alrabiya, Al-Arabiyyah, Al-lugatu-l-'arabiyatu, Al-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu, Al-ʿArabiyyah, Al-ʿarabīyah, Al-‘arabiyyah, Arab language, Arab word, Arabian language, Arabic (language), Arabic Language, Arabic macrolanguage, Arabic speaker, Arabic speakers, Arabic-language, Arabic-speaking, Arabick, Arabicke, Arabiyyah, Arabophone, Arabophones, Arabophonic, Arabophonie, Arabī, History of Arabic, History of the Arabic language, ISO 639-1:ar, ISO 639:ar, ISO 639:ara, Language of the ḍād, Langue arabe, ʿarabi, العربية, اللغة العرب, الْعَرَب, عربي, لغة عربية.
, Arabic Ontology, Arabic poetry, Arabic script, Arabic-based creole languages, Arabic–English Lexicon, Arabist, Arabization, Arabs, ArabTeX, Aramaic, Armenian language, Avdat, Ayin, Azawad, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani language, Āyah, Baghdad, Baghdad Jewish Arabic, Baghdadi Arabic, Baharna, Baháʼí orthography, Bahrain, Bahrani Arabic, Balkans, Balochi language, Basra, Bedouin, Beit al-Hikma Foundation, Bengali language, Berber languages, Biblical Hebrew, Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules, Bisayan languages, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg News, Bosnian language, Broken plural, Bulaq Press, Bulgarian language, Bulletin board system, Bushehr province, Calque, Cameroon, Cardinal numeral, Catalan language, Catholic Church, Causative, Córdoba, Spain, Central African Republic, Central Asian Arabic, Central Semitic languages, Chad, Chadian Arabic, Charles A. Ferguson, Chechen language, Chittagonian language, Classical Arabic, Classical Latin, Clitic, Code-switching, Colonialism, Comoros, Complementizer, Congressional Record, Consonant, Constitution of Iran, Constitution of Pakistan, Construct state, Coptic script, Creolization, Croatian language, Cypriot Arabic, Cyprus, Cyrillic script, Dadanitic, Dagestan, Daniel Newman (academic), Denominal verb, Derived stem, Dhi Qar Governorate, Dhofari Arabic, Diacritic, Dialect, Dictionary, Diglossia, Digraph (orthography), DIN 31635, Djibouti, Dual (grammatical number), Early Muslim conquests, East Africa, Eastern Anatolia Region, Eastern Arabia, Eastern Arabic numerals, Edward William Lane, Egypt, Egyptian Arabic, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Elative (gradation), Email, Emphatic consonant, Encyclopaedia of Islam, English language, Epigraphy, Eritrea, Foreign language, French language, Future tense, Garshuni, Geʽez, Geʽez script, Gemination, Genitive case, German language, Gerund, Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic, Glossary of Islam, Grammatical aspect, Grammatical case, Grammatical conjugation, Grammatical gender, Grammatical mood, Grammatical number, Grammatical tense, Greek alphabet, Greek language, Gujarati language, Gulf Arabic, Hadharem, Hadhramaut, Hadhrami Arabic, Hadith, Hamrin Mountains, Hamza, Hans Wehr, Hans Wehr transliteration, Harran inscription, Hasaitic, Hassan Massoudy, Hassaniya Arabic, Hausa language, Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew language, Hedwig Klein, Hegemony, Hejaz, Hejazi Arabic, Hindi, Hindustani language, Hismaic, Historical dictionary, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, History of the Jews in Algeria, History of the Jews in Iraq, Hormozgan province, House of Wisdom, Ibn Jinni, Ibn Mada', Ibn Manzur, Imperative mood, Imperfective aspect, Indonesian language, Industrial Revolution, Infinitive, Infix, Inflection, Instant messaging, Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization, Intensive word form, International Association of Arabic Dialectology, International Organization for Standardization, International Phonetic Alphabet, Internet, Iran, Iranian languages, Iraq, Iraqi Academy of Sciences, IRC, Iron Age, Islam, Islamic calendar, ISO 233, Isogloss, Israel, Italian language, James L. Gelvin, Jebel Usays inscription, Jews, Jordan, Jordan Academy of Arabic, Jordanian Arabic, Juba Arabic, Judeo-Arabic dialects, Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, Kabyle language, Kanuri language, Kashmiri language, Kazakh language, Khorasan province, Khorasani Arabic, Khuzestan province, Khuzestani Arabic, Kitab al-'Ayn, Koiné language, Kurdish language, Kutchi language, Kuwait, Kuwaiti Arabic, Kyrgyz language, Lakhmid kingdom, Language school, Languages of Europe, Latin, Latin alphabet, Latin script, Lebanese Arabic, Lebanon, Levantine Arabic, Lexical item, Lexicography, Libya, Libyan Arabic, Lisan al-Arab, List of Arab newspapers, List of Arabic given names, List of Arabic-language television channels, List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, List of French words of Arabic origin, List of languages by total number of speakers, List of official languages by country and territory, List of replaced loanwords in Turkish, Literary language, Loanword, Louis Massignon, Madrasat al-Alsun, Maghreb, Maghrebi Arabic, Maimonides, Malay language, Malaysian Malay, Maldivian language, Mali, Malta, Maltese alphabet, Maltese language, Mashriq, Mauritania, Medina, Mediterranean Region, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian Arabic, Middle Ages, Middle Eastern studies, Middle Persian, Mimation, Modern era, Modern South Arabian languages, Modern Standard Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Morocco, Morpheme, Morphological derivation, Morphology (linguistics), Mosul, Muammar Gaddafi, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad Mustafa Azmi, Muhaqqaq, Murtada al-Zabidi, Muslim world, Muslims, Mutual intelligibility, Muwashshah, Nabataean script, Nablus, Nahda, Najaf, Najd, Najdi Arabic, Namara inscription, Naskh (script), Neologism, Niger, Nigeria, Nominative case, Nonconcatenative morphology, Nonpast tense, North Mesopotamian Arabic, Northeast Caucasian languages, Northwest Arabian Arabic, Nubi language, Nunation, Odia language, Official languages of the United Nations, Old Arabic, Old Hijazi Arabic, Old South Arabian, Oman, Omani Arabic, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Orthography, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Turkish, Oxford English Dictionary, Pakistan, Palestinian Arabic, Palestinian Authority, Parthian language, Participle, Passive voice, Past, Peninsular Arabic, Perfect (grammar), Perfective aspect, Permutation, Persian language, Personal computer, Pharyngealization, Philippines, Phoneme, Phonetic transcription, Phonological change, Phonology, Pidgin, Placeholder name, Portuguese language, Positional notation, Post-industrial society, Pre-classical Arabic, Pre-Islamic Arabia, Prefix, Preterite, Primary school, Prime (symbol), Pronoun, Prosody (linguistics), Proto-Afroasiatic language, Proto-Arabic language, Proto-language, Proto-Semitic language, Proverb, Punjabi language, Qaryat al-Faw, Qatar, Qatif, Quran, Rayhani script, Realis mood, Reflexive verb, Religious studies, Revival of the Hebrew language, Rifa'a at-Tahtawi, Right-to-left script, Roger Dachez, Rohingya language, Romance languages, Romanization of Arabic, Root (linguistics), Ruqʿah script, Sa'id al-Afghani, Sabaic, Sacred language, Saʽidi Arabic, Safaitic, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Said Akl, Salah, Salama Moussa, Samaritan script, San Rafael, California, Sanʽani Arabic, Saraiki language, Saudi Arabia, Scots language, Second language, Secondary school, Semitic languages, Semitic root, Senegal, Serbian language, Shihhi Arabic, Shirvani Arabic, Sibawayh, Sicilian language, Sicily, Siculo-Arabic, Sindhi language, Soap opera, Solecism, Somali language, Somalia, Somaliland, South Africa, South Asia, South Mesopotamian Arabic, South Sudan, Southeast Asia, Southeastern Anatolia Region, Spain, Spanish language, Standard Chinese, Standard language, State of Palestine, Subjunctive mood, Sudan, Sudanese Arabic, Suffix, Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria, Suret language, Swahili language, Sylheti language, Syntax, Syria, Syriac alphabet, Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic, Tagalog language, Taha Hussein, Taj al-ʿArus Min Jawahir al-Qamus, Tajikistan, Talk show, Tanzania, Tawqi, Taymanitic, Text messaging, Thamudic B, Thuluth, Tigrinya language, Transliteration, Tunisia, Tunisian Arabic, Turkey, Turkish language, Turkmen language, Umm el-Jimal, United Arab Emirates, United Nations, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United States Government Publishing Office, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Urdu, Uyghur language, Uzbek language, Uzbekistan, Varieties of Arabic, Varieties of Chinese, Verbal noun, Vernacular, Voice (grammar), Vowel, Vowel length, Vulgar Latin, Walter J. Ong, West Semitic languages, Western Sahara, Wolof language, Word order, World language, World Wide Web, Writing system, Yasir Suleiman, Yemen, Yemeni Arabic, Yodh, Yoruba language, Zabad inscription, Zajal, Zanzibar, Zawiya (institution), Zionism, 107th United States Congress.