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Cucuteni–Trypillia culture

Index Cucuteni–Trypillia culture

The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture (and), also known as the Tripolye culture, is a Neolithic–Eneolithic archaeological culture (5200 to 3500 BC) in Eastern Europe. [1]

261 relations: Acephalous society, Adze, Agriculture, Alasdair Whittle, Ancient DNA, Andrew Sherratt, Andrew Wilson (historian), Animal husbandry, Antler, Apricot, Archaeological culture, Archaeology Museum Piatra Neamț, Ard (plough), Artifact (archaeology), Asko Parpola, Atlantic (period), Aurochs, Balkans, Barley, Barter, Belgrade, Berești, Black Sea, Bodești, Boian culture, Bow and arrow, Brașov, Brine, Briquetage, Bronze Age, Brown bear, Bucharest, Bug–Dniester culture, Burdei, Burin (lithic flake), Burned house horizon, Calcium carbonate, Calcium silicate, Camouflage, Carpathian Mountains, Cattle, Cărbuna, Central Ukraine, Cereal, Chalcolithic, Chalcolithic Europe, Cherry plum, Chert, Chișinău, Chisel, ..., City-state, Civilization, Class stratification, Clergy, Clothing, Colin Renfrew, Common wheat, Copper, Cucuteni, Cuneiform script, Danube, Denmark, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Division of labour, Dnieper, Dnieper–Donets culture, Dniester, Domestication of the horse, Don River (Russia), Drăgușeni, Iași, Dust Bowl, Economy, Economy of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, Egalitarianism, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Eurasian Steppe, Fertile Crescent, Fetishism, Fishing, Flatbread, Flint, Flour, Forest steppe, Fox, George Diamandy, Gift economy, Goat, Goddess movement, Gradeshnitsa tablets, Grinding slab, Ground stone, Gumelnița–Karanovo culture, Hammerstone, Haplogroup H (mtDNA), Haplogroup HV (mtDNA), Haplogroup J (mtDNA), Haplogroup R0 (mtDNA), Haplogroup T (mtDNA), Hemp, Herding, Hermitage Museum, Hillfort, History of Romania, History of slavery, History of Ukraine, Hoe (tool), Hora (dance), Horse, Horyn River, Hunger, Hunter-gatherer, Hunting, Iacobeni, Suceava, Iași, Iași County, Ice age, Ideogram, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, International Union for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, Iron Age, Iron Gates, Iron oxide, J. P. Mallory, Jacobsite, Jasper, Joseph Campbell, Khvalynsk culture, Kiev, Kiev Oblast, Knapping, Kurgan hypothesis, Linear Pottery culture, Lithic reduction, Magnetite, Marija Gimbutas, Matriarchy, Mesolithic, Mesopotamia, Metate, Mitochondrial DNA, Mnemonic, Moldova, Monochrome, Mother goddess, Natural language, Nålebinding, Neamț County, Nebelivka (archaeological site), Neolithic, Neolithic Europe, New York City, Nicolae Beldiceanu, Nikopol, Ukraine, Oat, Obsidian, Old Europe (archaeology), Open-air museum, Osteology, Oven, Ox, Paleolithic, Pannonian Basin, Pastoralism, Patriarchy, Pea, Pig, Pit fired pottery, Pit-house, Plough, Podolian Upland, Poduri, Pontic–Caspian steppe, Post-excavation analysis, Potter's wheel, Pottery, Poverty, Prehistory of Southeastern Europe, Prehistory of Transylvania, Proso millet, Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-Europeans, Proto-writing, Prut, Quern-stone, Radiocarbon dating, Red deer, Relief, Right-bank Ukraine, Roe deer, Romania, Ruling class, Russia, Russian language, Rye, Saint Petersburg, Samara culture, Scraper (archaeology), Scythe, Second-wave feminism, Serbia, Seret River, Seriation (archaeology), Seven hills of Iași, Sheep, Sherd, Shuttle (weaving), Siret, Sky father, Sluch River (Ukraine), Social class, Social stratification, Society of Anthropology of Paris, Southern Bug, Southern Ukraine, Spindle (textiles), Sredny Stog culture, Starčevo culture, State (polity), Steppe, Stone tool, Subboreal, Subsistence agriculture, Subsistence economy, Sumer, Talianki (archaeological site), Târgu Frumos, Tărtăria tablets, Teodor Burada, Ternopil Oblast, Terracotta, Textile, Timothy Taylor (archaeologist), Totem, Transylvania, Trapping, Treasure, Tribe, Trypillia, Turdaș, Ukraine, Uman Raion, Vânători-Neamț, Vikentiy Khvoyka, Vinča, Vinča culture, Vinča symbols, Vitis vinifera, Volga River, Volyn Oblast, Warp-weighted loom, Warrior, Wattle and daub, Western Ukraine, Wheat, Wild boar, Wild horse, Wine, Working animal, World Archaeological Congress, Yamna culture, Zooarchaeology. Expand index (211 more) »

Acephalous society

In anthropology, an acephalous society (from the Greek ἀκέφαλος "headless") is a society which lacks political leaders or hierarchies.

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Adze

The adze (alternative spelling: adz) is a cutting tool shaped somewhat like an axe that dates back to the stone age.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Alasdair Whittle

Alasdair W. R. Whittle FLSW FBA is Distinguished Research Professor in Archaeology at Cardiff University, specialising in the Neolithic period.

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Ancient DNA

Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient specimens.

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Andrew Sherratt

Andrew Sherratt (8 May 1946 – 24 February 2006) was an English archaeologist, one of the most influential of his generation.

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Andrew Wilson (historian)

Andrew Wilson (born 1961) is a British historian and political scientist specializing in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine.

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Animal husbandry

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products.

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Antler

Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the deer family.

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Apricot

An apricot is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus Prunus (stone fruits).

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Archaeological culture

An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society.

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Archaeology Museum Piatra Neamț

The History & Archaeology Museum in Piatra Neamţ, Romania, was founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Constantin Matasă, minister and amateur archaeologist.

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Ard (plough)

The ard, ard plough, or scratch plough is a simple light plough without a mouldboard.

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Artifact (archaeology)

An artifact, or artefact (see American and British English spelling differences), is something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.

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Asko Parpola

Asko Parpola (born 1941) is a Finnish Indologist and Sindhologist, current professor emeritus of Indology and South Asian Studies at the University of Helsinki.

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Atlantic (period)

The Atlantic in palaeoclimatology was the warmest and moistest Blytt-Sernander period, pollen zone and chronozone of Holocene northern Europe.

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Aurochs

The aurochs (or; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (Bos primigenius), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

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Balkans

The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.

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Barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.

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Barter

In trade, barter is a system of exchange where participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.

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Belgrade

Belgrade (Beograd / Београд, meaning "White city",; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia.

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Berești

Berești is a town in Galați County, Romania.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Bodești

Bodești is a commune in Neamț County, Romania.

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Boian culture

The Boian culture (dated to 4300–3500 BC), also known as the Giuleşti–Mariţa culture or Mariţa culture, is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southeast Europe.

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Bow and arrow

The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device (bow) and long-shafted projectiles (arrows).

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Brașov

Brașov (Corona, Kronstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen, Brassó) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.

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Brine

Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.

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Briquetage

Briquetage is a coarse ceramic material used to make evaporation vessels and supporting pillars used in extracting salt from brine or seawater.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

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Brown bear

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a bear that is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Bug–Dniester culture

The Bug–Dniester culture was the archaeological culture that developed in the chernozem region of Moldavia and Ukraine around the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers in the Neolithic.

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Burdei

A burdei or bordei (bordei, бурдей) is a type of half-dugout shelter, somewhat between a sod house and a log cabin.

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Burin (lithic flake)

Burin from the Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian) (ca. 29,000–22,000 BP) In the field of lithic reduction, a burin (from the French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type of handheld lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which prehistoric humans used for engraving or for carving wood or bone.

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Burned house horizon

In the archaeology of Neolithic Europe, the burned house horizon is the geographical extent of the phenomenon of intentionally burned settlements.

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Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.

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Calcium silicate

Calcium silicate is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate and is sometimes formulated as 2CaO·SiO2.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.

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Cattle

Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

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Cărbuna

Cărbuna is a village in Ialoveni District, Moldova.

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Central Ukraine

Central Ukraine (Центральна Україна, Tsentralna Ukrayina) consists of historic regions of left-bank Ukraine and right-bank Ukraine that reference to the Dnieper river.

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Cereal

A cereal is any edible components of the grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis) of cultivated grass, composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran.

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Chalcolithic

The Chalcolithic (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998), p. 301: "Chalcolithic /,kælkəl'lɪθɪk/ adjective Archaeology of, relating to, or denoting a period in the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE, chiefly in the Near East and SE Europe, during which some weapons and tools were made of copper. This period was still largely Neolithic in character. Also called Eneolithic... Also called Copper Age - Origin early 20th cent.: from Greek khalkos 'copper' + lithos 'stone' + -ic". χαλκός khalkós, "copper" and λίθος líthos, "stone") period or Copper Age, in particular for eastern Europe often named Eneolithic or Æneolithic (from Latin aeneus "of copper"), was a period in the development of human technology, before it was discovered that adding tin to copper formed the harder bronze, leading to the Bronze Age.

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Chalcolithic Europe

Chalcolithic Europe, the Chalcolithic (also Aeneolithic, Copper Age) period of Prehistoric Europe, lasted roughly from 3500 to 1700 BC.

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Cherry plum

Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.

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Chert

Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

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Chișinău

Chișinău, also known as Kishinev (r), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Moldova.

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Chisel

A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that wood chisels have lent part of their name to a particular grind) of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical power.

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City-state

A city-state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.

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Civilization

A civilization or civilisation (see English spelling differences) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication (for example, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

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Class stratification

Class stratification is a form of social stratification in which a society tends to divide into separate classes whose members have different access to resources and power.

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Clergy

Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.

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Clothing

Clothing (also known as clothes and attire) is a collective term for garments, items worn on the body.

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Colin Renfrew

Andrew Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, FBA, FSA, Hon FSA Scot (born 25 July 1937 in Stockton-on-Tees) is a British archaeologist, paleolinguist and Conservative peer noted for his work on radiocarbon dating, the prehistory of languages, archaeogenetics, and the prevention of looting at archaeological sites.

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Common wheat

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Cucuteni

Cucuteni is a commune in Iași County, Romania, with a population of 1,446 as of 2002.

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Cuneiform script

Cuneiform script, one of the earliest systems of writing, was invented by the Sumerians.

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Danube

The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Division of labour

The division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize.

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Dnieper

The Dnieper River, known in Russian as: Dnepr, and in Ukrainian as Dnipro is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising near Smolensk, Russia and flowing through Russia, Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.

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Dnieper–Donets culture

The Dnieper–Donets culture (ca. 5th—4th millennium BC) was a Mesolithic culture in the area north of the Black Sea/Sea of Azov between the Dnieper and Donets River, and bordering the European Neolithic area.

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Dniester

The Dniester or Dnister River is a river in Eastern Europe.

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Domestication of the horse

A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.

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Don River (Russia)

The Don (p) is one of the major rivers of Russia and the 5th longest river in Europe.

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Drăgușeni, Iași

Drăgușeni is a commune in Iași County, Romania, located on the Stavnic River at 30 km from Iași.

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Dust Bowl

The Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion (the Aeolian processes) caused the phenomenon.

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Economy

An economy (from Greek οίκος – "household" and νέμoμαι – "manage") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents.

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Economy of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture

Throughout most of its existence, the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture was fairly stable.

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Egalitarianism

Egalitarianism – or equalitarianism – is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people.

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Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture

The Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (abbreviation: EIEC) is an encyclopedia of Indo-European studies and the Proto-Indo-Europeans.

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Eurasian Steppe

The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

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Fertile Crescent

The Fertile Crescent (also known as the "cradle of civilization") is a crescent-shaped region where agriculture and early human civilizations like the Sumer and Ancient Egypt flourished due to inundations from the surrounding Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris rivers.

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Fetishism

A fetish (derived from the French fétiche; which comes from the Portuguese feitiço; and this in turn from Latin facticius, "artificial" and facere, "to make") is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has power over others.

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Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

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Flatbread

A flatbread is a bread made with flour, water and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough.

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Flint

Flint is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert.

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Flour

Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains or roots and used to make many different foods.

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Forest steppe

A forest steppe is a temperate-climate ecotone and habitat type composed of grassland interspersed with areas of woodland or forest.

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Fox

Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae.

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George Diamandy

George Ion Diamandy or Diamandi, first name also Gheorghe or Georges (February 27, 1867 – December 27, 1917), was a Romanian politician, dramatist, social scientist, and archeologist.

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Gift economy

A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Goddess movement

The Goddess movement includes spiritual beliefs or practices (chiefly neopagan) which has emerged predominantly in North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand in the 1970s.

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Gradeshnitsa tablets

The Gradeshnitsa tablets (Плочката от Градешница) or plaques are clay artefacts with incised marks.

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Grinding slab

Stone slab in east-central California used to grind acorns In archaeology, a grinding slab is a ground stone artifact generally used to grind plant materials into usable size, though some slabs were used to shape other ground stone artifacts.

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Ground stone

In archaeology, ground stone is a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally.

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Gumelnița–Karanovo culture

The Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI culture was a Chalcolithic (5th millennium BC) culture named after the Gumelniţa site on the left (Romanian) bank of the Danube.

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Hammerstone

In archaeology, a hammerstone is a hard cobble used to strike off lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction.

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Haplogroup H (mtDNA)

Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup J (mtDNA)

Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup R0 (mtDNA)

Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup T (mtDNA)

Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp (from Old English hænep), typically found in the northern hemisphere, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products.

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Herding

Herding is the act of bringing individual animals together into a group (herd), maintaining the group, and moving the group from place to place—or any combination of those.

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Hermitage Museum

The State Hermitage Museum (p) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Hillfort

A hillfort is a type of earthworks used as a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage.

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History of Romania

This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the history of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below).

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History of slavery

The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.

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History of Ukraine

Prehistoric Ukraine, as part of the Pontic steppe, has played an important role in Eurasian cultural contacts, including the spread of the Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age, Indo-European expansion and the domestication of the horse.

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Hoe (tool)

A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural and horticultural hand tool used to shape soil, remove weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops.

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Hora (dance)

Hora, also known as horo and oro, is a type of circle dance originating in the Balkans but also found in other countries.

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Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''.

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Horyn River

The Horyn or Haryn (Горинь, Гарынь, Горы́нь, Horyń) is a river, a tributary of the Pripyat River, which flows through Ukraine and Belarus.

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Hunger

In politics, humanitarian aid, and social science, hunger is a condition in which a person, for a sustained period, is unable to eat sufficient food to meet basic nutritional needs.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

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Hunting

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping animals, or pursuing or tracking them with the intent of doing so.

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Iacobeni, Suceava

Iacobeni (Jakobeny) is a commune located in Suceava County in the Bukovina region of northern Romania.

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Iași

Iași (also referred to as Jassy or Iassy) is the second-largest city in Romania, after the national capital Bucharest, and the seat of Iași County.

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Iași County

Iași is a county (județ) of Romania, in Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași.

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Ice age

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

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Ideogram

An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek ἰδέα idéa "idea" and γράφω gráphō "to write") is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept, independent of any particular language, and specific words or phrases.

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Institute for the Study of the Ancient World

The Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW) is a center for advanced scholarly research and graduate education at New York University.

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International Union for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences

The International Union for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (IUPPS) is a learned society, linked through the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies to UNESCO, and concerned with the study of prehistory and protohistory.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.

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Iron Gates

The Iron Gates (Porțile de Fier, Đerdapska klisura, Железни врата, Eisernes Tor, Vaskapu) is a gorge on the river Danube.

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Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.

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J. P. Mallory

James Patrick Mallory (born 1945) is an Irish-American archaeologist and Indo-Europeanist.

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Jacobsite

Jacobsite is a manganese iron oxide mineral.

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Jasper

Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or chalcedony and other mineral phases,Kostov, R. I. 2010.

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Joseph Campbell

Joseph John Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was an American Professor of Literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion.

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Khvalynsk culture

The Khvalynsk culture was a Middle Copper Age (for Eastern Europe named "Eneolithic") culture of the first half of the 5th millennium BC, discovered at Khvalynsk on the Volga in Saratov Oblast, Russia.

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Kiev

Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.

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Kiev Oblast

Kiev Oblast or Kyiv Oblast (Київська область, translit. Kyivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Kyivshchyna – Київщина) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine.

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Knapping

Knapping is the shaping of flint, chert, obsidian or other conchoidal fracturing stone through the process of lithic reduction to manufacture stone tools, strikers for flintlock firearms, or to produce flat-faced stones for building or facing walls, and flushwork decoration.

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Kurgan hypothesis

The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory or Kurgan model) or steppe theory is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and parts of Asia.

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Linear Pottery culture

The Linear Pottery culture is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic, flourishing 5500–4500 BC.

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Lithic reduction

In archaeology, in particular of the Stone Age, lithic reduction is the process of fashioning stones or rocks from their natural state into tools or weapons by removing some parts.

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Magnetite

Magnetite is a rock mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe3O4.

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Marija Gimbutas

Marija Gimbutas (Marija Gimbutienė; January 23, 1921 – February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian-American archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe" and for her Kurgan hypothesis, which located the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Pontic Steppe.

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Matriarchy

Matriarchy is a social system in which females (most notably in mammals) hold the primary power positions in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property at the specific exclusion of males - at least to a large degree.

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Mesolithic

In Old World archaeology, Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos "middle"; λίθος, lithos "stone") is the period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.

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Metate

A metate or metlatl (or mealing stone) is a type or variety of quern, a ground stone tool used for processing grain and seeds.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Mnemonic

A mnemonic (the first "m" is silent) device, or memory device, is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval (remembering) in the human memory.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Monochrome

Monochrome describes paintings, drawings, design, or photographs in one color or values of one color.

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Mother goddess

A mother goddess is a goddess who represents, or is a personification of nature, motherhood, fertility, creation, destruction or who embodies the bounty of the Earth.

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Natural language

In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.

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Nålebinding

Nålebinding (Danish: literally "binding with a needle" or "needle-binding", also naalbinding, nålbinding, nålbindning or naalebinding) is a fabric creation technique predating both knitting and crochet.

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Neamț County

Neamț is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț.

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Nebelivka (archaeological site)

Nebelivka, or Nebelovka, located in the village of the same name in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement dating to 4000 B.C. belonging to the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture.

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Neolithic

The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.

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Neolithic Europe

Neolithic Europe is the period when Neolithic technology was present in Europe, roughly between 7000 BCE (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) and c. 1700 BCE (the beginning of the Bronze Age in northwest Europe).

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nicolae Beldiceanu

Nicolae Beldiceanu (26 October 1844 in Preutești - 2 February 1896 in Iași) was a Romanian poet and novelist.

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Nikopol, Ukraine

Nikopol (Ні́кополь,; Ни́кополь,; Νικόπολις, literally: "City of Victory") is a city in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnieper River, about 100 km south-west of Dnipro.

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Oat

The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals).

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Obsidian

Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock.

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Old Europe (archaeology)

Old Europe is a term coined by archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic culture in southeastern Europe located in the Danube River valley, also known as Danubian culture.

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Open-air museum

An open-air museum (or open air museum) is a museum that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts out-of-doors.

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Osteology

Osteology is the scientific study of bones, practiced by osteologists.

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Oven

An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for the heating, baking, or drying of a substance, and most commonly used for cooking.

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Ox

An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal or riding animal.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.

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Pannonian Basin

The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large basin in Central Europe.

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Pastoralism

Pastoralism is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.

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Patriarchy

Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

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Pea

The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum.

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Pig

A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.

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Pit fired pottery

Pit firing is the oldest known method for the firing of pottery.

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Pit-house

A pit-house (or pithouse) is a building that is partly dug into the ground, and covered by a roof.

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Plough

A plough (UK) or plow (US; both) is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.

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Podolian Upland

The Podolian Upland (Podolian Plateau) or Podillia Upland (подільська височина, podilska vysochyna) is a big in terms of area upland in southwestern Ukraine on the left bank of Dniester, with its small northwestern part stretching into eastern Poland.

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Poduri

Poduri is a commune in Bacău County, Romania.

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Pontic–Caspian steppe

The Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe or Ukrainian steppe is the vast steppeland stretching from the northern shores of the Black Sea (called Euxeinos Pontos in antiquity) as far east as the Caspian Sea, from Moldova and eastern Ukraine across the Southern Federal District and the Volga Federal District of Russia to western Kazakhstan, forming part of the larger Eurasian steppe, adjacent to the Kazakh steppe to the east.

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Post-excavation analysis

Post-excavation analysis constitutes processes that are used to study archaeological materials after an excavation is completed.

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Potter's wheel

In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of round ceramic ware.

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Pottery

Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.

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Poverty

Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain (variant) amount of material possessions or money.

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Prehistory of Southeastern Europe

The prehistory of Southeastern Europe, defined roughly as the territory of the wider Balkan peninsula (including the territories of the modern countries of Albania, Croatia, Kosovo, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Bosnia, Romania, Bulgaria, and European Turkey covers the period from the Upper Paleolithic, beginning with the presence of Homo sapiens in the area some 44,000 years ago, until the appearance of the first written records in Classical Antiquity, in Greece as early as the 8th century BC. Human prehistory in Southeastern Europe is conventionally divided into smaller periods, such as Upper Paleolithic, Holocene Mesolithic/Epipaleolithic, Neolithic Revolution, expansion of Proto-Indo-Europeans, and Protohistory. The changes between these are gradual. For example, depending on interpretation, protohistory might or might not include Bronze Age Greece (2800–1200 BC), Minoan, Mycenaean, Thracian and Venetic cultures. By one interpretation of the historiography criterion, Southeastern Europe enters protohistory only with Homer (See also Historicity of the Iliad, and Geography of the Odyssey). At any rate, the period ends before Herodotus in the 5th century BC.

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Prehistory of Transylvania

The Prehistory of Transylvania describes what can be learned about the region known as Transylvania through archaeology, anthropology, comparative linguistics and other allied sciences.

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Proso millet

Panicum miliaceum, with many common names including proso millet, broomcorn millet, common millet, broomtail millet, hog millet, Kashfi millet red millet, and white millet, is a grass species used as a crop.

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Proto-Indo-European language

Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.

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Proto-Indo-Europeans

The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the prehistoric people of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancestor of the Indo-European languages according to linguistic reconstruction.

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Proto-writing

Proto-writing consists of visible marks communicating limited information.

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Prut

The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth;, Прут) is a long river in Eastern Europe.

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Quern-stone

Quern-stones are stone tools for hand-grinding a wide variety of materials.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Red deer

The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest deer species.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Right-bank Ukraine

Right-bank Ukraine (Правобережна Україна, Pravoberezhna Ukrayina; Правобережная Украина, Pravoberezhnaya Ukraina; Prawobrzeżna Ukraina, Pravo breh Ukrajiny, Jobb folyópart Ukrajna) is a historical and territorial name for a part of modern Ukraine on the right (west) bank of the Dnieper River, corresponding to the modern-day oblasts of Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Kirovohrad, as well as the western parts of Kiev and Cherkasy.

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Roe deer

The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the western roe deer, chevreuil, or simply roe deer or roe, is a Eurasian species of deer.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Ruling class

The ruling class is the social class of a given society that decides upon and sets that society's political agenda.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian language

Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Rye

Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).

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Samara culture

Samara culture is the archaeological term for an eneolithic culture of the 5th millennium BC, located in the Samara bend region of the Volga River (modern Russia).

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Scraper (archaeology)

In prehistoric archaeology, scrapers are unifacial tools thought to have been used for hideworking and woodworking.

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Scythe

A scytheOxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1933: Scythe is an agricultural hand tool for mowing grass or reaping crops.

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Second-wave feminism

Second-wave feminism is a period of feminist activity and thought that began in the United States in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades.

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Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.

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Seret River

The Seret River (Ukrainian: Серет) is the left tributary of the Dniester that flows through the Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine.

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Seriation (archaeology)

In archaeology, seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites, in the same culture, are placed in chronological order.

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Seven hills of Iași

Iași, Romania, is claimed to have been built on seven hills.

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Sheep

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Sherd

In archaeology, a sherd, or more precisely, potsherd, is commonly a historic or prehistoric fragment of pottery, although the term is occasionally used to refer to fragments of stone and glass vessels, as well.

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Shuttle (weaving)

A shuttle is a tool designed to neatly and compactly store a holder that carries the thread of the weft yarn while weaving with a loom.

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Siret

Siret (Sereth; Seret; Szeretvásár, סערעט Seret) is a town, municipality and former Latin bishopric in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania.

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Sky father

In comparative mythology, sky father is a term for a recurring concept of a sky god who is addressed as a "father", often the father of a pantheon.

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Sluch River (Ukraine)

The Sluch or Southern Sluch is a river, a right tributary of the Horyn River, which flows through Ukraine.

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Social class

A social class is a set of subjectively defined concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the upper, middle and lower classes.

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Social stratification

Social stratification is a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).

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Society of Anthropology of Paris

The Society of Anthropology of Paris (Société d’Anthropologie de Paris) is a French learned society for anthropology founded by Paul Broca in 1859.

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Southern Bug

The Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh (Південний Буг, Pivdennyi Buh; Южный Буг, Yuzhny Bug), and sometimes Boh River, is a navigable river located in Ukraine.

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Southern Ukraine

Southern Ukraine (Південна Україна, Pivdenna Ukrayina) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of Ukraine.

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Spindle (textiles)

A spindle is a straight spike usually made from wood used for spinning, twisting fibers such as wool, flax, hemp, cotton into yarn.

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Sredny Stog culture

The Sredny Stog culture is a pre-kurgan archaeological culture from the 5th millennium BC.

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Starčevo culture

The Starčevo culture, sometimes included within a larger grouping known as the Starčevo–Körös–Criş culture, is an archaeological culture of Southeastern Europe, dating to the Neolithic period between c. 6200 and 4500 BCE.

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State (polity)

A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory.

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Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe (p) is an ecoregion, in the montane grasslands and shrublands and temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biomes, characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes.

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Stone tool

A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone.

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Subboreal

The Subboreal is a climatic period, immediately before the present one, of the Holocene.

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Subsistence agriculture

Subsistence agriculture is a self-sufficiency farming system in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their entire families.

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Subsistence economy

A subsistence economy is a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture.

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Sumer

SumerThe name is from Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian en-ĝir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land".

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Talianki (archaeological site)

Talianki (Тальянки) is an archaeological site near the village of the same name in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine.

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Târgu Frumos

Târgu Frumos (also spelled Tîrgu Frumos, sometimes Târgul / Tîrgul Frumos)) is a town in Iași County, Moldavia, Romania. Eleven villages were administered by the town until 2004, when they were split off to form Balș, Costești and Ion Neculce Communes.

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Tărtăria tablets

The Tărtăria tablets /tərtəria/ are three tablets, discovered in 1961 by archaeologist Nicolae Vlassa at a Neolithic site in the village of Tărtăria (about from Alba Iulia), in Romania.

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Teodor Burada

Teodor T. Burada (3 October 1839–17 February 1923) was a Romanian folklorist, ethnographer and musicologist and member of the Romanian Academy (elected in 1878, the first musician to achieve this position).

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Ternopil Oblast

Ternopil Oblast (Тернопільська область, translit. Ternopilska oblast; also referred to as Ternopilshchyna - Тернопільщина, Obwód Tarnopolski) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine.

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Terracotta

Terracotta, terra cotta or terra-cotta (Italian: "baked earth", from the Latin terra cocta), a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.

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Textile

A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).

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Timothy Taylor (archaeologist)

Timothy Taylor (born 1960) is a British-based archaeologist specialising in prehistory and archaeological theory.

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Totem

A totem (Ojibwe doodem) is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Trapping

Animal trapping, or simply trapping, is the use of a device to remotely catch an animal.

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Treasure

Treasure (from Latin thesaurus from Greek θησαυρός thēsauros, "treasure store") is a concentration of riches — often those that originate from ancient history — that is considered lost and/or forgotten until rediscovered.

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Tribe

A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.

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Trypillia

Trypillia (Трипiлля, Триполье, Tripolye) is a village in the Obukhiv Raion (district) of the Kiev Oblast in central Ukraine, with 2800 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2005).

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Turdaș

Turdaș (Tordos) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Romania.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Uman Raion

Uman Raion (Уманський район, translit.: Umans'kyi raion) is a raion (district) in the westernmost corner of Cherkasy Oblast (province) of central Ukraine.

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Vânători-Neamț

Vânători-Neamț is a commune in Neamț County, Romania.

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Vikentiy Khvoyka

Vikentiy Viacheslavovych Khvoyka (Вікентій В'ячеславович Хвойка; Викентий Вячеславович Хвойка; Vincenc Častoslav Chvojka; born Čeněk Chvojka; 1850–1914) was a Czech-born Russian (Ukrainian) archaeologist, who discovered the Neolithic Trypillia culture in Ukraine.

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Vinča

Vinča (Винча) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia.

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Vinča culture

The Vinča culture, also known as Turdaș culture or Turdaș–Vinča culture, is a Neolithic archaeological culture in Serbia and smaller parts of Romania (particularly Transylvania), dated to the period 5700–4500 BC.

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Vinča symbols

The Vinča symbols, sometimes called the Danube script, Vinča signs, Vinča script, Vinča–Turdaș script, Old European script, etc., are a set of symbols found on Neolithic era (6th to 5th millennia BC) artifacts from the Vinča culture of Central Europe and Southeastern Europe.

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Vitis vinifera

Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran.

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Volga River

The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe.

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Volyn Oblast

Volyn Oblast (Волинська область, translit. Volyns’ka oblast’, Obwód wołyński; also referred to as Volyn’ or Wołyń) is an oblast (province) in north-western Ukraine.

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Warp-weighted loom

The warp-weighted loom is a simple and ancient form of loom in which the warp yarns hang freely from a bar supported by upright poles which can be placed at a convenient slant against a wall.

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Warrior

A warrior is a person specializing in combat or warfare, especially within the context of a tribal or clan-based warrior culture society that recognizes a separate warrior class or caste.

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Wattle and daub

Wattle and daub is a composite building material used for making walls, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw.

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Western Ukraine

Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (Західна Україна) is a geographical and historical relative term used in reference to the western territories of Ukraine.

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Wheat

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.

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Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine,Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988), Volume I, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, pp.

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Wild horse

The wild horse (Equus ferus) is a species of the genus ''Equus'', which includes as subspecies the modern domesticated horse (Equus ferus caballus) as well as the undomesticated tarpan (Equus ferus ferus, now extinct), and the endangered Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii).

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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Working animal

A working animal is an animal, usually domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks.

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World Archaeological Congress

The World Archaeological Congress (WAC) is a non-governmental, not-for-profit organization which promotes world archaeology.

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Yamna culture

The Yamna people or Yamnaya culture (traditionally known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture) was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester and Ural rivers (the Pontic steppe), dating to 3300–2600 BC.

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Zooarchaeology

Zooarchaeology (or archaeozoology) is the branch of archaeology that studies faunal remains related to ancient people.

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Redirects here:

Archaeogenetics of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Archaeogenetics of the Cucuteni–Trypillian culture, Cucuteni B culture, Cucuteni Culture, Cucuteni culture, Cucuteni-Tripolie, Cucuteni-Tripolye, Cucuteni-Tripolye Culture, Cucuteni-Tripolye culture, Cucuteni-Trypillia, Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, Cucuteni-Trypillian, Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Cucuteni-Trypollia, Cucuteni–Trypillian culture, Diet of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Diet of the Cucuteni–Trypillian culture, Geography of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Geography of the Cucuteni–Trypillian culture, Periodization of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Periodization of the Cucuteni–Trypillian culture, Technology of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Technology of the Cucuteni–Trypillian culture, Tripillian culture, Tripolie, Tripolie culture, Tripolye culture, Trypillia culture, Trypillian, Trypillian civilization, Trypillian culture, Trypillians, Trypollia, Trypollian culture.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni–Trypillia_culture

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