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Authorship of the Johannine works

Index Authorship of the Johannine works

The authorship of the Johannine works (the Gospel of John, the Johannine epistles, and the Book of Revelation) has been debated by biblical scholars since at least the 2nd century AD. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 152 relations: Abingdon Press, Acts of the Apostles, Adele Reinhartz, Against Heresies (Irenaeus), Age of Enlightenment, Albert Schweitzer, Alexandria, Alogi, Amos Wilder, Anchor Bible Series, Antichrist, Apocryphon of John, Apologetics, Aramaic, Authorship of the Pauline epistles, Basilides, Biblical canon, Biblical studies, Book of Revelation, Boston, Brill Publishers, Bruce M. Metzger, C. H. Dodd, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Canonization, Cerinthus, Chichester, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Church Fathers, Clement of Alexandria, Council of Laodicea, Craig Blomberg, Craig S. Keener, Cyprian, Cyril of Jerusalem, D. A. Carson, Dead Sea Scrolls, Demythologization, Dialogue with Trypho, Disciple whom Jesus loved, Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius), Egypt, Elaine Pagels, English-speaking world, Ephesus, Epiphanius of Salamis, Epistle, Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians, Ernest DeWitt Burton, ... Expand index (102 more) »

  2. 2nd-century Christianity
  3. Biblical authorship debates
  4. Ephesus
  5. Johannine literature

Abingdon Press

Abingdon Press is the book publishing arm of the United Methodist Publishing House which publishes sheet music, ministerial resources, Bible-study aids, and other items, often with a focus on Methodism and Methodists.

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Acts of the Apostles

The Acts of the Apostles (Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis Apostólōn; Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Authorship of the Johannine works and Acts of the Apostles are 1st-century Christianity.

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Adele Reinhartz

Adele Reinhartz (born 1953) is a Canadian academic and a specialist in the history and literature of Christianity and Judaism in the Greco-Roman period, the Gospel of John, early Jewish–Christian relations, literary criticism including feminist literary criticism, feminist exegesis, and the impact of the Bible on popular cinema and television.

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Against Heresies (Irenaeus)

Against Heresies (Ancient Greek: Ἔλεγχος καὶ ἀνατροπὴ τῆς ψευδωνύμουγνώσεως, Elenchos kai anatropē tēs pseudōnymou gnōseōs, "On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis"), sometimes referred to by its Latin title Adversus Haereses, is a work of Christian theology written in Greek about the year 180 by Irenaeus, the bishop of Lugdunum (now Lyon in France).

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Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Albert Schweitzer

Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer (14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a French polymath from Alsace.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.

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Alogi

The Alogi (ἄλογοι), also called Alogoi or Alogians, were a group of heterodox Christians in Asia Minor that flourished c. 200 CE, and taught that the Gospel of John and the Apocalypse of John were not the work of the Apostle, but his adversary Cerinthus. Authorship of the Johannine works and Alogi are 2nd-century Christianity.

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Amos Wilder

Amos Niven Wilder (September 18, 1895 – May 4, 1993) was an American poet, minister, and theology professor.

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Anchor Bible Series

The Anchor Bible Series, which consists of a commentary series, a Bible dictionary, and a reference library, is a scholarly and commercial co-venture which was begun in 1956, with the publication of individual volumes in the commentary series.

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Antichrist

In Christian eschatology, Antichrist refers to a kind of person prophesied by the Bible to oppose Jesus Christ and falsely substitute themselves as a savior in Christ's place before the Second Coming.

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Apocryphon of John

The Apocryphon of John, also called the Secret Book of John or the Secret Revelation of John, is a 2nd-century Sethian Gnostic Christian pseudepigraphical text attributed to John the Apostle. Authorship of the Johannine works and Apocryphon of John are Johannine literature.

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Apologetics

Apologetics (from Greek label) is the religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse.

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Aramaic

Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.

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Authorship of the Pauline epistles

The Pauline epistles are the thirteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle. Authorship of the Johannine works and Authorship of the Pauline epistles are 1st-century Christianity and biblical authorship debates.

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Basilides

Basilides (Greek: Βασιλείδης) was an early Christian Gnostic religious teacher in Alexandria, Egypt who taught from 117 to 138 AD, notes that to prove that the heretical sects were "later than the catholic Church," Clement of Alexandria assigns Christ's own teaching to the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius; that of the apostles, of at least, ends, he says, in the time of Nero; whereas "the authors of the sects arose later, about the times of the emperor Hadrian, and continued quite as late as the age of the elder Antoninus." He gives as examples Basilides, Valentinus, and (if the text is sound) Marcion.

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Biblical canon

A biblical canon is a set of texts (also called "books") which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible.

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Biblical studies

Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible (the Old Testament and New Testament).

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Book of Revelation

The Book of Revelation or Book of the Apocalypse is the final book of the New Testament (and therefore the final book of the Christian Bible). Authorship of the Johannine works and book of Revelation are Johannine literature.

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Boston

Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Brill Publishers

Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.

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Bruce M. Metzger

Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an American biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who served on the board of the American Bible Society and United Bible Societies.

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C. H. Dodd

Charles Harold Dodd (7 April 1884 – 21 September 1973) was a Welsh New Testament scholar and influential Protestant theologian.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Canonization

Canonization is the declaration of a deceased person as an officially recognized saint, specifically, the official act of a Christian communion declaring a person worthy of public veneration and entering their name in the canon catalogue of saints, or authorized list of that communion's recognized saints.

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Cerinthus

Cerinthus (Kērinthos; fl. c. 50-100 CE) was an early Gnostic, who was prominent as a heresiarch in the view of the early Church Fathers. Authorship of the Johannine works and Cerinthus are 1st-century Christianity.

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Chichester

Chichester is a cathedral city and civil parish in West Sussex, England.

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Christian Classics Ethereal Library

The Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) is a digital library that provides free electronic copies of Christian scripture and literature texts.

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Church Fathers

The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.

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Clement of Alexandria

Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria (Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; –), was a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria.

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Council of Laodicea

The Council of Laodicea was a regional Christian synod of approximately thirty clerics from Asia Minor which assembled about 363–364 in Laodicea, Phrygia Pacatiana.

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Craig Blomberg

Craig L. Blomberg (born August 3, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar. He is currently the Distinguished Professor Emeritus of the New Testament at Denver Seminary in Colorado where he has been since 1986. His area of academic expertise is the New Testament,including subjects relating to parables, miracles, the historical Jesus, Luke-Acts, John, 1 Corinthians, James, the historical trustworthiness of Scripture, financial stewardship, gender roles, the Latter Day Saint movement, hermeneutics, New Testament theology, and exegetical methods.

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Craig S. Keener

Craig S. Keener (born July 4, 1960) is an American Protestant theologian, Biblical scholar and professor of New Testament at Asbury Theological Seminary.

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Cyprian

Cyprian (Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus; ca. 210 to 14 September 258 ADThe Liturgy of the Hours according to the Roman Rite: Vol. IV. New York: Catholic Book Publishing Company, 1975. p. 1406.) was a bishop of Carthage and an early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant.

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Cyril of Jerusalem

Cyril of Jerusalem (Κύριλλος Α΄ Ἱεροσολύμων, Kýrillos A Ierosolýmon; Cyrillus Hierosolymitanus; 386) was a theologian of the Early Church.

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D. A. Carson

Donald Arthur Carson (born December 21, 1946) is a Canadian evangelical theologian.

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Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls, also called the Qumran Caves Scrolls, are a set of ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period.

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Demythologization

Demythologization as a hermeneutic approach to religious texts seeks to separate or recover cosmological, sociological and historic claims from philosophical, ethical and theological teachings.

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Dialogue with Trypho

The Dialogue with Trypho, along with the First and Second Apologies, is a second-century Christian apologetic text, usually agreed to be dated in between AD 155-160.

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Disciple whom Jesus loved

The phrase "the disciple whom Jesus loved" (ho mathētēs hon ēgapā ho Iēsous) or, in John 20:2; "the other disciple whom Jesus loved" (label), is used six times in the Gospel of John, but in no other New Testament accounts of Jesus.

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Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)

The Ecclesiastical History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ Ἱστορία, Ekklēsiastikḕ Historía; Historia Ecclesiastica), also known as The History of the Church and Church History, is a 4th-century chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century, composed by Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Elaine Pagels

Elaine Pagels, née Hiesey (born February 13, 1943), is an American historian of religion.

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English-speaking world

The English-speaking world comprises the 88 countries and territories in which English is an official, administrative, or cultural language.

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Ephesus

Ephesus (Éphesos; Efes; may ultimately derive from Apaša) was a city in Ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey.

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Epiphanius of Salamis

Epiphanius of Salamis (Ἐπιφάνιος; c. 310–320 – 403) was the bishop of Salamis, Cyprus, at the end of the 4th century.

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Epistle

An epistle is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter.

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Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians

The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians (commonly abbreviated Pol. Phil.) is an epistle attributed to Polycarp, an early bishop of Smyrna, and addressed to the early Christian church in Philippi.

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Ernest DeWitt Burton

Ernest DeWitt Burton (February 4, 1856 – May 26, 1925) was an American biblical scholar and president of the University of Chicago.

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Ernest Renan

Joseph Ernest Renan (27 February 18232 October 1892) was a French Orientalist and Semitic scholar, writing on Semitic languages and civilizations, historian of religion, philologist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and critic.

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Eschatology

Eschatology concerns expectations of the end of present age, human history, or the world itself.

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Essenes

The Essenes (Hebrew:, Isiyim; Greek: Ἐσσηνοί, Ἐσσαῖοι, or Ὀσσαῖοι, Essenoi, Essaioi, Ossaioi) or Essenians were a mystic Jewish sect during the Second Temple period that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE.

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Eusebius

Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek Syro-Palestinian historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist.

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F. F. Bruce

Frederick Fyvie Bruce (12 October 1910 – 11 September 1990), usually cited as F. F. Bruce, was Rylands Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis at the University of Manchester from 1959 until 1978 and one of the most influential evangelical scholars of the second half of the twentieth century.

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False prophet

In religion, a false prophet or pseudoprophet is a person who falsely claims the gift of prophecy or divine inspiration, or to speak for God, or who makes such claims for evil ends.

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George Beasley-Murray

George Raymond Beasley-Murray (October 10, 1916 – 23 February 2000) was an evangelical Christian and prominent Baptist scholar, Principal of Spurgeon's College, London, and later Professor of New Testament Interpretation at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary.

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Gnosticism

Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek:, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: ɣnostiˈkos, 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among Jewish and early Christian sects.

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Gospel of John

The Gospel of John (translit) is the fourth of the New Testament's four canonical gospels. Authorship of the Johannine works and gospel of John are Johannine literature.

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Gospel of Mary

The Gospel of Mary is an early Christian text discovered in 1896 in a fifth-century papyrus codex written in Sahidic Coptic.

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Gospel of Philip

The Gospel of Philip is a non-canonical Gnostic Gospel dated to around the 3rd century but lost in medieval times until rediscovered by accident, buried with other texts near Nag Hammadi in Egypt, in 1945.

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Gospel of Thomas

The Gospel of Thomas (also known as the Coptic Gospel of Thomas) is an extra-canonical sayings gospel.

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Greco-Roman mysteries

Mystery religions, mystery cults, sacred mysteries or simply mysteries, were religious schools of the Greco-Roman world for which participation was reserved to initiates (mystai).

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Gregory of Nazianzus

Gregory of Nazianzus (Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; Liturgy of the Hours Volume I, Proper of Saints, 2 January. – 25 January 390), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century archbishop of Constantinople and theologian.

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Hans-Martin Schenke

Hans-Martin Schenke (April 25, 1929, in Oschersleben – September 4, 2002, in Berlin) was a German Protestant theologian, New Testament scholar, and Coptologist known for his pioneering studies on Gnosticism and Coptic manuscripts.

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Harvard Theological Review

The Harvard Theological Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1908 and published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School.

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Heinrich Julius Holtzmann

Heinrich Holtzmann Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (7 May 1832 – 4 August 1910), German Protestant theologian, son of theologian Karl Julius Holtzmann (1804–1877), was born at Karlsruhe, where his father ultimately became prelate and counsellor to the supreme consistory (Evangelischer Oberkirchenrat) of the Evangelical State Church in Baden.

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Helmut Koester

Helmut Heinrich Koester (December 18, 1926 – January 1, 2016) was an American scholar who specialized in the New Testament and early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School.

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Heracleon

Heracleon was a Gnostic who flourished about AD 175, probably in the south of Italy.

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Hippolytus of Rome

Hippolytus of Rome (Romanized: Hippólytos, –) was a Bishop of Rome and one of the most important second–third centuries Christian theologians, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians.

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Holy Spirit

In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine force, quality and influence of God over the universe or his creatures.

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Hugh J. Schonfield

Hugh Joseph Schonfield (London, 17 May 1901 – 26 January 1988, London) was a British Bible scholar specialising in the New Testament and the early development of the Christian religion and church.

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Ignatius of Antioch

Ignatius of Antioch (Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140 AD), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (the God-bearing), was an early Christian writer and Patriarch of Antioch.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Irenaeus

Irenaeus (Eirēnaîos) was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heterodox or Gnostic interpretations of Scripture as heresy and defining proto-orthodoxy.

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Johannine community

The term Johannine community refers to an ancient Christian community which placed great emphasis on the teachings of Jesus and his apostle John. Authorship of the Johannine works and Johannine community are 1st-century Christianity, 2nd-century Christianity and Johannine literature.

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Johannine epistles

The Johannine epistles, the Epistles of John, or the Letters of John are the First Epistle of John, the Second Epistle of John, and the Third Epistle of John, three of the catholic epistles in the New Testament. Authorship of the Johannine works and Johannine epistles are Johannine literature.

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Johannine literature

Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine community. Authorship of the Johannine works and Johannine literature are 1st-century Christianity, 2nd-century Christianity and Ephesus.

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John 20:2

John 20:2 is the second verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament.

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John 21

John 21 is the twenty-first and final chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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John Chrysostom

John Chrysostom (Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος; 14 September 407 AD) was an important Early Church Father who served as Archbishop of Constantinople.

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John of Patmos

John of Patmos (also called John the Revelator, John the Divine, John the Theologian) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Book of Revelation.

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John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich)

John Arthur Thomas Robinson (16 May 1919 – 5 December 1983) was an English New Testament scholar, author and the Anglican Bishop of Woolwich.

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John the Apostle

John the Apostle (Ἰωάννης; Ioannes; Ge'ez: ዮሐንስ), also known as Saint John the Beloved and, in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Saint John the Theologian, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament.

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John the Baptist

John the Baptist (–) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD.

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John the Evangelist

John the Evangelist is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John. Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, although there is no consensus as to whether all of these indeed refer to the same individual.

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John the Presbyter

John the Presbyter was an obscure figure of the early Church who is either distinguished from or identified with the Apostle John and/or John of Patmos.

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Journal for the Study of the New Testament

The Journal for the Study of the New Testament is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers five times a year in the field of Biblical studies.

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Judea

Judea or Judaea (Ἰουδαία,; Iudaea) is a mountainous region of the Levant.

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Justin Martyr

Justin, known posthumously as Justin Martyr (Ioustinos ho martys), also known as Justin the Philosopher, was an early Christian apologist and philosopher.

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Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider

Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider (February 11, 1776 in Gersdorf, Saxony – January 22, 1848 in Gotha, Thuringia) was a German Protestant scholar and theologian from Gersdorf, Saxony.

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Last Judgment

The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (translit or label) is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the Frashokereti of Zoroastrianism.

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Last Supper

The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.

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Lazarus of Bethany

Lazarus of Bethany (Latinised from Lazar, ultimately from Hebrew Eleazar, "God helped") is a figure within the Christian Bible, mentioned in the New Testament in the Gospel of John, whose life is restored by Jesus four days after his death.

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Leiden

Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.

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List of countries and territories where German is an official language

The following is a list of the countries and territories where German is an official language (also known as the Germanosphere).

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Logos

Logos (lit) is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology and rhetoric, as well as religion (notably Christianity); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive reasoning.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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Mandaeism

Mandaeism (Classical Mandaic), sometimes also known as Nasoraeanism or Sabianism, is a Gnostic, monotheistic and ethnic religion with Greek, Iranian, and Jewish influences. Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam, Abel, Seth, Enos, Noah, Shem, Aram, and especially John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem and John the Baptist prophets, with Adam being the founder of the religion and John being the greatest and final prophet.

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Marcion of Sinope

Marcion of Sinope (Μαρκίων Σινώπης) was a theologian in early Christianity. Marcion preached that God had sent Jesus Christ, who was distinct from the "vengeful" God (Demiurge) who had created the world. He considered himself a follower of Paul the Apostle, whom he believed to have been the only true apostle of Jesus Christ; his doctrine is called Marcionism.

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Mark the Evangelist

Mark the Evangelist (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (Koinē Greek: Ἰωάννης Μάρκος, romanized: Iōannēs Mârkos; Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, is the person who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark.

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Mary Magdalene

Mary Magdalene (sometimes called Mary of Magdala, or simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine) was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion and resurrection.

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Minneapolis

Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota.

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Montanism

Montanism, known by its adherents as the New Prophecy, was an early Christian movement of the late 2nd century, later referred to by the name of its founder, Montanus.

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Motif (narrative)

A motif is any distinctive feature or idea that recurs across a story; often, it helps develop other narrative elements such as theme or mood.

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Nero

Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68.

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New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States.

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New Testament

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Novum Testamentum

Novum Testamentum is an academic journal covering various aspects of "the New Testament and related studies".

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Origen

Origen of Alexandria (185 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Palestine (region)

The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.

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Papias of Hierapolis

Papias (Παπίας) was a Greek Apostolic Father, Bishop of Hierapolis (modern Pamukkale, Turkey), and author who lived c. 60 – c. 130 AD He wrote the Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord (Λογίων Κυριακῶν Ἐξήγησις) in five books.

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Passover

Passover, also called Pesach, is a major Jewish holidayand one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals.

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Paul the Apostle

Paul (Koinē Greek: Παῦλος, romanized: Paûlos), also named Saul of Tarsus (Aramaic: ܫܐܘܠ, romanized: Šāʾūl), commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle (AD) who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. Authorship of the Johannine works and Paul the Apostle are 1st-century Christianity.

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Philo

Philo of Alexandria (Phílōn; Yəḏīḏyāh), also called italics, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.

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Plato

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.

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Polycarp

Polycarp (Πολύκαρπος, Polýkarpos; Polycarpus; AD 69 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna.

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Pope Dionysius of Alexandria

Dionysius the Great (Διονύσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας) was the 14th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria from 28 December 248 until his death on 22 March 264.

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Ptolemy (Gnostic)

Ptolemy the Gnostic, (Greek: Πτολεμαίος ο Γνωστικός Latin: Ptolemaeus Gnosticus) was a disciple of the Gnostic teacher Valentinius and is known for the Letter to Flora, an epistle he wrote to a wealthy woman named Flora, herself not a Gnostic.

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Qumran

Qumran (קומראן; خربة قمران) is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park.

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Raymond E. Brown

Raymond Edward Brown (May 22, 1928 – August 8, 1998) was an American Sulpician priest and prominent biblical scholar.

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Revelation 4

Revelation 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Richard August Reitzenstein

Richard August Reitzenstein (2 April 1861, in Breslau – 23 March 1931, in Göttingen) was a German classical philologist and scholar of Ancient Greek religion, hermetism and Gnosticism.

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Robert H. Mounce

Robert Hayden Mounce (December 30, 1921 – January 24, 2019) was an American New Testament scholar, and president emeritus of Whitworth University in Spokane, Washington.

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Rudolf Bultmann

Rudolf Karl Bultmann (20 August 1884 – 30 July 1976) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of the New Testament at the University of Marburg.

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Rudolf Steiner

Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant.

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Rylands Library Papyrus P52

The Rylands Library Papyrus P52, also known as the St John's fragment and with an accession reference of Papyrus Rylands Greek 457, is a fragment from a papyrus codex, measuring only at its widest (about the size of a credit card), and conserved with the Rylands Papyri at the John Rylands University Library Manchester, UK.

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Sacrament

A sacrament is a Christian rite that is recognized as being particularly important and significant.

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Sage Publishing

Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.

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Saint Peter

Saint Peter (died AD 64–68), also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church.

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Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin (Hebrew and Middle Aramaic סַנְהֶדְרִין, a loanword from synedrion, 'assembly,' 'sitting together,' hence 'assembly' or 'council') was a legislative and judicial assembly of either 23 or 71 elders, existing at both a local and central level in the ancient Land of Israel.

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School of thought

A school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.

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Sheffield

Sheffield is a city in South Yorkshire, England, whose name derives from the River Sheaf which runs through it.

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Sheffield Academic Press

Sheffield Academic Press was an academic publishing company based at the University of Sheffield, known for publications in the fields of archaeology, history of early Christianity and Judaism, Biblical studies, Judaic studies, Oriental studies, and Religious studies.

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Synoptic Gospels

The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are referred to as the synoptic Gospels because they include many of the same stories, often in a similar sequence and in similar or sometimes identical wording.

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Tertullian

Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; 155 – 220 AD) was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.

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Textual criticism

Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books.

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The Da Vinci Code

The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery thriller novel by Dan Brown.

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The Passover Plot

The Passover Plot is a 1965 book by British biblical scholar Hugh J. Schonfield, who also published a translation of the New Testament from a Jewish perspective.

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Theodore of Mopsuestia

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Greek: Θεοδώρος, c. 350 – 428) was a Christian theologian, and Bishop of Mopsuestia (as Theodore II) from 392 to 428 AD.

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Valentinianism

Valentinianism was one of the major Gnostic Christian movements. Authorship of the Johannine works and Valentinianism are 2nd-century Christianity.

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Valentinus (Gnostic)

Valentinus (–) was the best known and, for a time, most successful early Christian Gnostic theologian. Authorship of the Johannine works and Valentinus (Gnostic) are 2nd-century Christianity.

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Vernard Eller

Vernard Marion Eller (July 11, 1927 – June 18, 2007) was an American author, Christian pacifist and minister in the Church of the Brethren.

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Walter Bauer

Walter Bauer (8 August 1877 – 17 November 1960) was a German theologian, lexicographer of New Testament Greek, and scholar of the development of Early Christianity.

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Wiley-Blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.

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William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company is a religious publishing house based in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

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1517 Media

1517 Media, formerly Augsburg Fortress Press, is the official publishing house of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).

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See also

2nd-century Christianity

Biblical authorship debates

Ephesus

Johannine literature

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works

Also known as Authorship of John, Authorship of Revelation, Authorship of the Epistles of John, Authorship of the Gospel of John, Authorship of the Johannine Epistles, Johannine theology.

, Ernest Renan, Eschatology, Essenes, Eusebius, F. F. Bruce, False prophet, George Beasley-Murray, Gnosticism, Gospel of John, Gospel of Mary, Gospel of Philip, Gospel of Thomas, Greco-Roman mysteries, Gregory of Nazianzus, Hans-Martin Schenke, Harvard Theological Review, Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Helmut Koester, Heracleon, Hippolytus of Rome, Holy Spirit, Hugh J. Schonfield, Ignatius of Antioch, Iran, Irenaeus, Jesus, Johannine community, Johannine epistles, Johannine literature, John 20:2, John 21, John Chrysostom, John of Patmos, John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich), John the Apostle, John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, John the Presbyter, Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Judea, Justin Martyr, Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider, Last Judgment, Last Supper, Lazarus of Bethany, Leiden, List of countries and territories where German is an official language, Logos, London, Mandaeism, Marcion of Sinope, Mark the Evangelist, Mary Magdalene, Minneapolis, Montanism, Motif (narrative), Nero, New Haven, Connecticut, New Testament, New York City, Novum Testamentum, Origen, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Palestine (region), Papias of Hierapolis, Passover, Paul the Apostle, Philo, Plato, Polycarp, Pope Dionysius of Alexandria, Ptolemy (Gnostic), Qumran, Raymond E. Brown, Revelation 4, Richard August Reitzenstein, Robert H. Mounce, Rudolf Bultmann, Rudolf Steiner, Rylands Library Papyrus P52, Sacrament, Sage Publishing, Saint Peter, Sanhedrin, School of thought, Sheffield, Sheffield Academic Press, Synoptic Gospels, Tertullian, Textual criticism, The Da Vinci Code, The Passover Plot, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Valentinianism, Valentinus (Gnostic), Vernard Eller, Walter Bauer, Wiley-Blackwell, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Yale University Press, 1517 Media.