74 relations: Activin and inhibin, Agenesis, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, American Urological Association, Androgen receptor, Anejaculation, Apoptosis, Aspermia, Azoospermia factor, BRCA2, BRD7, Chemotherapy, Congenital absence of the vas deferens, Cryptorchidism, Cystic fibrosis, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Disease, DNA damage (naturally occurring), DNA repair, Ejaculation, Ejaculatory duct obstruction, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Gametogenesis, Gene polymorphism, Genetic counseling, Genetic recombination, Germline, Gonadotropin, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Hyperprolactinaemia, Hypopituitarism, In vitro fertilisation, Infertility, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Kallmann syndrome, Karyotype, Klinefelter syndrome, Luteinizing hormone, Male infertility, Mast cell, MLH1, MLH3, Mutation, Obesity, Odds ratio, Oligospermia, Orchitis, Overweight, Prader–Willi syndrome, Retrograde ejaculation, ..., Risk factor, Semen, Semen analysis, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Sperm, Sperm motility, Spermatogenesis, Statistical significance, Sulfasalazine, Testicle, Testicular sperm extraction, Testis expressed 15, Testosterone, Testosterone (medication), Transcription (biology), Transrectal ultrasonography, Underweight, Vas deferens, Vasectomy, White blood cell, XX male syndrome, Y chromosome, Y chromosome microdeletion. Expand index (24 more) »
Activin and inhibin
Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects.
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Agenesis
In medicine, agenesis refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue.
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American Society for Reproductive Medicine
The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is a multidisciplinary organization dedicated to the advancement of the science and practice of reproductive medicine.
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American Urological Association
The American Urological Association (AUA) is a professional association in the United States for urology professionals.
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Androgen receptor
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.
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Anejaculation
Anejaculation is the pathological inability to ejaculate in males, with (orgasmic) or without (anorgasmic) orgasm.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Aspermia
Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation (not to be confused with azoospermia, the lack of sperm cells in the semen).
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Azoospermia factor
Azoospermia factor (AZF) refers to one of several proteins or their genes, which are coded from the AZF region on the human male Y chromosome.
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BRCA2
BRCA2 and BRCA2 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.
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BRD7
Bromodomain-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRD7 gene.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Congenital absence of the vas deferens
Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a condition in which the vasa deferentia reproductive organs, fail to form properly prior to birth.
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Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum.
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Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.
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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene.
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Disease
A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.
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DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is distinctly different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA.
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DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
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Ejaculation
Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (normally containing sperm) from the male reproductory tract, usually accompanied by orgasm.
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Ejaculatory duct obstruction
Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) is a pathological condition which is characterized by the obstruction of one or both ejaculatory ducts.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone.
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Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes.
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Gene polymorphism
A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene’s locus within a population.
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Genetic counseling
Genetic counseling is the process by which the patients or relatives at risk of an inherited disorder (or may be carrying a child at risk) are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting it, and the options open to them in management and family planning.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Germline
In biology and genetics, the germline in a multicellular organism is the population of its bodily cells that are so differentiated or segregated that in the usual processes of reproduction they may pass on their genetic material to the progeny.
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Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) also known as gonadoliberin, and by various other names in its endogenous form and as gonadorelin in its pharmaceutical form, is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.
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Hyperprolactinaemia
Hyperprolactinemia or hyperprolactinaemia is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood.
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Hypopituitarism
Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.
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In vitro fertilisation
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg.
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Kallmann syndrome
Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder that prevents a person from starting or fully completing puberty.
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Karyotype
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) also known as 47,XXY or XXY, is the set of symptoms that result from two or more X chromosomes in males.
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Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Male infertility
Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.
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Mast cell
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a type of white blood cell.
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MLH1
MutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLH1 gene located on Chromosome 3.
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MLH3
DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLH3 gene.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Odds ratio
In statistics, the odds ratio (OR) is one of three main ways to quantify how strongly the presence or absence of property A is associated with the presence or absence of property B in a given population.
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Oligospermia
Terms oligospermia and oligozoospermia refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility.
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Orchitis
Orchitis or orchiditis (from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid) is inflammation of the testes.
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Overweight
Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.
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Prader–Willi syndrome
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder due to loss of function of specific genes.
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Retrograde ejaculation
Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen, which would, in most cases, be ejaculated via the urethra, is redirected to the urinary bladder.
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Risk factor
In epidemiology, a risk factor is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.
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Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa.
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Semen analysis
A semen analysis (plural: semen analyses), also called "seminogram" evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm contained therein.
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Sertoli cell-only syndrome
Sertoli cell-only syndrome (a.k.a. Del Castillo syndrome and germ cell aplasia) is a disorder characterized by male sterility without sexual abnormality.
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Sperm motility
Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal fertilization) or through water (external fertilization) to reach the egg.
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Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine (SSZ), sold under the trade name Azulfidine among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.
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Testicle
The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.
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Testicular sperm extraction
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the process of removing a small portion of tissue from the testicle under local anesthesia and extracting the few viable sperm cells present in that tissue for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
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Testis expressed 15
Testis expressed 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEX15 gene.
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Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.
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Testosterone (medication)
Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Transrectal ultrasonography
Transrectal ultrasound create an image of organs in the pelvis.
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Underweight
An underweight person is a person whose body weight is considered too low to be healthy.
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Vas deferens
The vas deferens (Latin: "carrying-away vessel"; plural: vasa deferentia), also called ductus deferens (Latin: "carrying-away duct"; plural: ductus deferentes), is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates; these vasa transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in anticipation of ejaculation.
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Vasectomy
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception.
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White blood cell
White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
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XX male syndrome
XX male syndrome is a rare congenital condition where an individual with a female genotype has phenotypically male characteristics that can vary between cases.
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Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals.
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Y chromosome microdeletion
Y chromosome microdeletion (YCM) is a family of genetic disorders caused by missing gene(s) in the Y chromosome.
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Redirects here:
Aspematogenesis, Aspermatogenesis, Azoospermic, Low sperm count, Non-obstructive Azoospermia, Non-obstructive azoospermia, Obstructive Azoospermia, Obstructive azoospermia.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoospermia