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284 relations: Absurdism, Adolf Hitler, Adrian Maniu, Adventure fiction, African folk art, Agitprop, Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, Alexandru Jar, Alexandru Kirițescu, Alexandru Sahia, Alexandru Toma, Alms, Alter ego, Anecdote, Anti-clericalism, Antisemitism, Apostrof, Art manifesto, Art of Romania, Avant-garde, Babeș-Bolyai University, Belu Zilber, Benjamin Fondane, Bildungsroman, Biography, Boyar, Brăila, Bucharest, Bukovina, Cabaret, Camil Petrescu, Carol II of Romania, Cartea Românească, Censorship, Central Committee, Cezar Petrescu, Charlie Chaplin, Chiaroscuro, Childhood Memories (book), Class conflict, Claudia Millian, Collage, Collectivism, Communism, Confession (religion), Constructivism (art), Contemporanul, Contimporanul, Convorbiri Literare, Corvée, ..., Cosmopolitanism, Curse, Cuvântul, Cuvântul Liber (1924), D. H. Lawrence, Dictatorship of the proletariat, Dolfi Trost, Don Juan, Dorohoi, Eclecticism, Editura Minerva, Education in Romania, Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Elitism, Emil Dorian, Essay, Ethnography, Eugen Lovinescu, Existentialism, Experimental literature, Expressionism, F. Brunea-Fox, Fairy tale, Far-left politics, Far-right politics, Fascism, Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania, Felix Aderca, Focal character, Folklore of Romania, Fratellini family, French language, Friedrich Nietzsche, Futurism, Genre fiction, Geo Bogza, George Călinescu, George Coșbuc, George Macovescu, George Mihail Zamfirescu, Georges Sorel, Georgy Malenkov, Gherasim Luca, Goitre, Grivița strike of 1933, Grotesque, Hajduk, Hakham, Hasidic Judaism, Henric Streitman, Historical regions of Romania, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of the Jews in Romania, Humanitas (publishing house), Hunedoara, Hunedoara steel works, I. Peltz, Ilarie Voronca, Improvisational theatre, Industrialisation, Intertextuality, Interwar period, Ioana Pârvulescu, Ion Antonescu, Ion Creangă, Ion Luca Caragiale, Ion Vinea, Iordan Chimet, Iron Guard, Isaac Babel, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Isac Ludo, Jewish assimilation, Jewish emancipation, Jewish ghettos in Europe, Jewish mythology, John the Baptist, Joseph Roth, Journalism, Judaism, King Michael's Coup, King of the Romanians, Kingdom of Romania, Kol Nidre, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Left-wing politics, Liberalization, Libertarian socialism, List of Romanian consorts, Literary modernism, Liviu Rebreanu, Louis Aragon, Lucian Boia, Lyricism, Mannerism, Marc Chagall, Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Matei Basarab National College (Bucharest), Max Hermann Maxy, Maxim Gorky, Middle class, Mihai Beniuc, Mihail Sadoveanu, Mihail Sebastian, Mikhail Sholokhov, Mircea Eliade, Mircea Zaciu, Miron Radu Paraschivescu, Modern art, Moldavia, Mongolian literature, Monograph, N. D. Cocea, N. D. Popescu-Popnedea, Naïve art, Nae Ionescu, National communism, Nazi Germany, Neurosis, Nicolae Carandino, Nicolae Ceaușescu, Nicolae Davidescu, Nicolae Grigorescu, Nicolae Manolescu, Nicolae Tonitza, Novella, Observator Cultural, Operation Barbarossa, Oral tradition, Orangutan, Osmosis, Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu, Pablo Neruda, Palgrave Macmillan, Pantomime, Parody, Passover, Pastiche, Pastoral, Pathos, Paul Éluard, Paul Cernat, Payot, Păstorel Teodoreanu, Pericle Martinescu, Perpessicius, Petru Dumitriu, Picturesque, Plagiarism, Pompiliu Constantinescu, Popular education, Pornography, Prejudice, Primitivism, Proletarian revolution, Proletariat, Proletkult, Proselytism, Purim, Rabbi, Random House, Rembrandt, Revista 22, Ritual washing in Judaism, Robert Desnos, Romania during World War I, Romanian Communist Party, Romanian Cultural Institute, Romanian language, Romanian literature, Romanian Police, Romanian Revolution, Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–48), Romanian Writers' Society, România Literară, Russian Civil War, Russian literature, Russian Revolution, Sașa Pană, Sami Damian, Satire, Saul Steinberg, Sburătorul, Scînteia, Sergiu Dan, Sesto Pals, Shabbat, Show trial, Shtetl, Sign of the cross, Siguranța, Silent film, Silviu Brucan, Sketch story, Social alienation, Social realism, Socialism, Socialist realism, Socialist realism in Romania, Socialist Republic of Romania, Sophist, Soviet Union, Stelian Tănase, Stephan Roll, Street theatre, Surrealism, Synagogue, Syndicalism, Tanakh, Tatars of Romania, Teleorman County, Transylvania, Tudor Arghezi, University of Chicago, Unu, Urmuz, Ury Benador, Vanitas, Vasile Marin, Viața Românească, Vilna Troupe, Vlaicu Bârna, World War I, World War II, Writers' Union of Romania, Yankev Shternberg, Yeshiva, Yiddish, Yiddish theatre, Zaharia Stancu, Zigu Ornea, Zionism, 1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt. Expand index (234 more) »
Absurdism
In philosophy, "the Absurd" refers to the conflict between the human tendency to seek inherent value and meaning in life and the human inability to find any.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Adrian Maniu
Adrian Maniu (February 6, 1891 – April 20, 1968) was a Romanian poet, prose writer, playwright, essayist and translator.
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Adventure fiction
Adventure fiction is fiction that usually presents danger, or gives the reader a sense of excitement.
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African folk art
African folk art (see also Tribal art) consists of a wide variety of items: household objects, metal objects, toys, textiles, masks, and wood sculpture, among others.
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Agitprop
Agitprop (from r, portmanteau of "agitation" and "propaganda") is political propaganda, especially the communist propaganda used in Soviet Russia, that is spread to the general public through popular media such as literature, plays, pamphlets, films, and other art forms with an explicitly political message.
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Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești
Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești (born Alexandru Bogdan, also known as Ion Doican, Ion Duican and Al. Dodan; June 13, 1870 – May 12, 1922) was a Romanian Symbolist poet, essayist, and art and literary critic, who was also known as a journalist and left-wing political agitator.
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Alexandru Jar
Alexandru Jar (pen name of Alexandru Avram; November 20, 1911 – November 10, 1988) was a Romanian poet and prose writer.
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Alexandru Kirițescu
Alexandru Kirițescu (March 28, 1888 – April 9, 1961) was a Romanian playwright and journalist, best known for his 1929 play Gaiţele ("The Magpies"), also called Cuibul de viespi ("The Wasps' Nest").
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Alexandru Sahia
Alexandru sahia (pen name of Alexandru Stănescu; October 11, 1908 – August 12, 1937) was a Romanian communist journalist and short story author.
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Alexandru Toma
Alexandru Toma (occasionally known as A. Toma, born Solomon Moscovici; February 11, 1875 – August 15, 1954) was a Romanian poet, journalist and translator, known for his communist views and his role in introducing Socialist Realism and Stalinism to Romanian literature.
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Alms
Alms or almsgiving involves giving to others as an act of virtue, either materially or in the sense of providing capabilities (e.g. education) free.
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Alter ego
An alter ego (Latin, "the other I") is a second self, which is believed to be distinct from a person's normal or true original personality.
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Anecdote
An anecdote is a brief, revealing account of an individual person or an incident.
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Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.
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Antisemitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.
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Apostrof
Apostrof (Romanian for "Apostrophe") is a monthly literary magazine published in Cluj-Napoca, Romania under the Romanian Writers' Union patronage.
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Art manifesto
An art manifesto is a public declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an artist or artistic movement.
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Art of Romania
Art of Romania encompasses the artists and artistic movements in Romania.
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Avant-garde
The avant-garde (from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", literally "fore-guard") are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.
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Babeș-Bolyai University
The Babeș-Bolyai University (Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, Babeș-Bolyai Universität), commonly known after its abbreviation, UBB, is a public university in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Belu Zilber
Belu Zilber (born Herbert Zilber; October 14, 1901–February 1978) was a Romanian communist activist.
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Benjamin Fondane
Benjamin Fondane or Benjamin Fundoianu (born Benjamin Wechsler, Wexler or Vecsler, first name also Beniamin or Barbu, usually abridged to B.; November 14, 1898 – October 2, 1944) was a Romanian and French poet, critic and existentialist philosopher, also noted for his work in film and theater.
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Bildungsroman
In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman ("bildung", meaning "education", and "roman", meaning "novel"; English: "novel of formation, education, culture"; "coming-of-age story") is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age), in which character change is extremely important.
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Biography
A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life.
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Boyar
A boyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Kievan, Moscovian, Wallachian and Moldavian and later, Romanian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century.
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Brăila
Brăila (Βράιλα; Turkish: İbrail) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.
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Bukovina
Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.
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Cabaret
Cabaret is a form of theatrical entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama.
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Camil Petrescu
Camil Petrescu (22 April 1894 – 14 May 1957; born and died in Bucharest) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet.
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Carol II of Romania
Carol II (15 October 18934 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940.
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Cartea Românească
Cartea Românească ("The Romanian Book") is a publishing house in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1919.
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Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.
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Central Committee
Central Committee was the common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, whether ruling or non-ruling in the 20th century and of the surviving communist states in the 21st century.
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Cezar Petrescu
Cezar Petrescu (December 1, 1892, Cotnari, Iaşi County–March 9, 1961) was a Romanian journalist, novelist and children's writer.
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Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film.
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Chiaroscuro
Chiaroscuro (Italian for light-dark), in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.
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Childhood Memories (book)
Childhood Memories (also known as Recollections of Childhood, Memories of My Childhood or Memories of My Boyhood; Amintiri din copilărie) is one of the main literary contributions of Romanian author Ion Creangă.
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Class conflict
Class conflict, frequently referred to as class warfare or class struggle, is the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes.
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Claudia Millian
Claudia Millian (also Millian-Minulescu; February 21, 1887 – September 21, 1961) was a Romanian poet.
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Collage
Collage (from the coller., "to glue") is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
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Collectivism
Collectivism is a cultural value that is characterized by emphasis on cohesiveness among individuals and prioritization of the group over self.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Confession (religion)
Confession, in many religions, is the acknowledgment of one's sins (sinfulness) or wrongs.
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Constructivism (art)
Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin.
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Contemporanul
Contemporanul (The Contemporary) is a Romanian literary magazine published in Iaşi, Romania from 1881 to 1891.
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Contimporanul
Contimporanul (antiquated spelling of the Romanian word for "the Contemporary", singular masculine form) was a Romanian (initially a weekly and later a monthly) avant-garde literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between June 1922 and 1932.
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Convorbiri Literare
Convorbiri Literare (meaning Literary Talk in English) is a Romanian literary magazine published in Romania.
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Corvée
Corvée is a form of unpaid, unfree labour, which is intermittent in nature and which lasts limited periods of time: typically only a certain number of days' work each year.
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Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality.
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Curse
A curse (also called an imprecation, malediction, execration, malison, anathema, or commination) is any expressed wish that some form of adversity or misfortune will befall or attach to some other entity: one or more persons, a place, or an object.
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Cuvântul
Cuvântul (meaning "The Word") was a daily newspaper, published by philosopher Nae Ionescu in Bucharest, Romania, from 1926 to 1934, and again in 1938.
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Cuvântul Liber (1924)
Cuvântul Liber (Romanian for "The Free Word") was a Romanian political and cultural weekly published by Eugen Filotti from 1924 to 1925.
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D. H. Lawrence
Herman Melville, Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer, Lev Shestov, Walt Whitman | influenced.
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Dictatorship of the proletariat
In Marxist sociopolitical thought, the dictatorship of the proletariat refers to a state in which the proletariat, or the working class, has control of political power.
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Dolfi Trost
Dolfi or Dolphi Trost (1916 in Brăila – 1966 in Chicago, Illinois) was a Romanian surrealist poet, artist, and theorist, and the instigator of entopic graphomania.
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Don Juan
Don Juan (Spanish), also Don Giovanni (Italian), is a legendary, fictional libertine.
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Dorohoi
Dorohoi is a city in Botoșani County, Romania, on the right bank of the Jijia River, which broadens into a lake on the north.
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Eclecticism
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.
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Editura Minerva
Editura Minerva is one of the largest publishing houses in Romania.
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Education in Romania
Education in Romania is based on a free-tuition, egalitarian system.
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Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania
The Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Institutul Naţional pentru Studierea Holocaustului din România „Elie Wiesel” in Romanian) is a public institution established by the Romanian government on August 7, 2005, and officially opened on October 9 of the same year, which is Romania's National Day of Commemorating the Holocaust. The institute is named after the Romanian-born Jewish Nobel Prize winner Elie Wiesel, who chaired the Wiesel Commission which reported on Romania's involvement in the Holocaust to the Romanian government in 2004, and which recommended that such an institute be established. The institute is responsible for researching Romania's role in the Holocaust, and gathering, archiving and publishing documents relating to this event. The institute is currently headed by Mihail E. Ionescu and falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
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Elitism
Elitism is the belief or attitude that individuals who form an elite — a select group of people with a certain ancestry, intrinsic quality, high intellect, wealth, special skills, or experience — are more likely to be constructive to society as a whole, and therefore deserve influence or authority greater than that of others.
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Emil Dorian
Emil Dorian (born Emil Lustig; February 16, 1893–1956) was a Romanian poet and prose writer, as well as a physician.
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Essay
An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument — but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story.
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Ethnography
Ethnography (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos "folk, people, nation" and γράφω grapho "I write") is the systematic study of people and cultures.
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Eugen Lovinescu
Eugen Lovinescu (31 October 1881 – 16 July 1943) was a Romanian modernist literary historian, literary critic, academic, and novelist, who in 1919 established the Sburătorul literary club.
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Existentialism
Existentialism is a tradition of philosophical inquiry associated mainly with certain 19th and 20th-century European philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences,Oxford Companion to Philosophy, ed.
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Experimental literature
Experimental literature refers to written work—usually fiction or poetry—that emphasizes innovation, most especially in technique.
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Expressionism
Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.
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F. Brunea-Fox
F.
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Fairy tale
A fairy tale, wonder tale, magic tale, or Märchen is folklore genre that takes the form of a short story that typically features entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.
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Far-left politics
Far-left politics are political views located further on the left of the left-right spectrum than the standard political left.
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Far-right politics
Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.
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Fascism
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
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Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
The Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania (Federatia Comunitatilor Evreiesti din Romania, FCER) is an ethnic minority political party in Romania representing the Jewish community.
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Felix Aderca
Felix Aderca or F. Aderca (born Froim-Zelig (Froim-Zeilic) Aderca,, in Realitatea Evreiască, Nr. 280-281 (1080-1081), August–September 2007 Boris Marian,, in Realitatea Evreiască, Nr. 292-293 (1092-1093), March–April 2008 also known as Zelicu Froim Adercu, biographical entry at the; retrieved March 1, 2010 or Froim Aderca; March 13, 1891 – December 12, 1962), was a Romanian novelist, playwright, poet, journalist and critic, noted as a representative of rebellious modernism in the context of Romanian literature.
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Focal character
In any narrative, the focal character is the character on whom the audience is meant to place the majority of their interest and attention.
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Folklore of Romania
A feature of Romanian culture is the special relationship between folklore and the learned culture, determined by two factors.
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Fratellini family
The Fratellini Family was a famous European circus family in the late 1900s and 1920s.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist and a Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history.
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Futurism
Futurism (Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century.
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Genre fiction
Genre fiction, also known as popular fiction, is plot-driven fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre, in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre.
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Geo Bogza
Geo Bogza (born Gheorghe Bogza; February 6, 1908 – September 14, 1993) was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, known for his left-wing and communist political convictions.
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George Călinescu
George Călinescu (19 June 1899, Iași – 12 March 1965, Otopeni) was a Romanian literary critic, historian, novelist, academician and journalist, and a writer of classicist and humanist tendencies.
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George Coșbuc
George Coșbuc (20 September 1866 – 9 May 1918) was a Romanian poet, translator, teacher, and journalist, best remembered for his verses describing, praising and eulogizing rural life, its many travails but also its occasions for joy.
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George Macovescu
George Macovescu (28 May 1913 – 20 March 2002) was a Romanian writer and communist politician who served as the General Secretary of Ministry of Information of Romania and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
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George Mihail Zamfirescu
George Mihail Zamfirescu (born Gheorghe Petre Mihai; October 13, 1898–August 8, 1939) was a Romanian prose writer and playwright.
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Georges Sorel
Georges Eugène Sorel (2 November 1847 – 29 August 1922) was a French philosopher and theorist of Sorelianism.
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Georgy Malenkov
Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (– 14 January 1988) was a Soviet politician who succeeded Joseph Stalin as Premier of the Soviet Union, holding this position from 1953 to 1955.
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Gherasim Luca
Gherasim Luca (23 July 1913 – 9 February 1994) was a French-speaking Surrealist theorist and poet.
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Goitre
A goitre or goiter is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.
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Grivița strike of 1933
The Grivița strike of 1933 was a railway strike which was started at the Grivița Workshops, Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania in February 1933 by workers of Căile Ferate Române (Romanian Railways).
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Grotesque
Since at least the 18th century (in French and German as well as English), grotesque (or grottoesque) has come to be used as a general adjective for the strange, mysterious, magnificent, fantastic, hideous, ugly, incongruous, unpleasant, or disgusting, and thus is often used to describe weird shapes and distorted forms such as Halloween masks.
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Hajduk
A hajduk is a type of peasant irregular infantry found in Central and Southeast Europe from the early 17th to mid 19th centuries.
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Hakham
Hakham (or chakam(i), haham(i), hacham(i); חכם, "wise") is a term in Judaism, meaning a wise or skillful man; it often refers to someone who is a great Torah scholar.
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Hasidic Judaism
Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism (hasidut,; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group.
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Henric Streitman
Henric Ștefan Streitman (first name also Henric Șt., Henri or Henry, last name also Streitmann, Streittman, Ștraitman; 1873 – 1949) was a Romanian journalist, translator and political figure, who traversed the political spectrum from socialism to the far-right.
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Historical regions of Romania
The historical regions of Romania are located in Central and Southeastern Europe.
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History of ancient Israel and Judah
The Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah were related kingdoms from the Iron Age period of the ancient Levant.
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History of the Jews in Romania
The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.
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Humanitas (publishing house)
Humanitas (Editura Humanitas) is an independent Romanian publishing house, founded on February 1, 1990 (after the Romanian Revolution) in Bucharest by the philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu, based on a state-owned publishing house, Editura Politică.
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Hunedoara
Hunedoara (Eisenmarkt; Vajdahunyad) is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania.
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Hunedoara steel works
The Hunedoara steel works, formally ArcelorMittal Hunedoara and formerly the Hunedoara Ironworks (Uzinele de Fier Hunedoara), Hunedoara Steel Works (Combinatul Siderurgic Hunedoara), Siderurgica Hunedoara and Mittal Steel, is a steel mill in the Transylvanian city of Hunedoara, Romania.
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I. Peltz
Ițig Peltz (12 February 1899–10 August 1980) was a Romanian prose writer and journalist.
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Ilarie Voronca
Ilarie Voronca (pen name of Eduard Marcus; 31 December 1903, Brăila—8 April 1946, Paris) was a Romanian-French avant-garde poet and essayist.
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Improvisational theatre
Improvisational theatre, often called improv or impro, is the form of theatre, often comedy, in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted: created spontaneously by the performers.
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Industrialisation
Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
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Intertextuality
Intertextuality is the shaping of a text's meaning by another text.
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Interwar period
In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939.
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Ioana Pârvulescu
Ioana Pârvulescu (1960) is a Romanian writer.
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Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.
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Ion Creangă
Ion Creangă (also known as Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei, Ion Torcălău and Ioan Ștefănescu; March 1, 1837 – December 31, 1889) was a Moldavian, later Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher.
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Ion Luca Caragiale
Ion Luca Caragiale (commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale; According to his birth certificate, published and discussed by Constantin Popescu-Cadem in Manuscriptum, Vol. VIII, Nr. 2, 1977, p.179-184 – 9 June 1912) was a Wallachian, later Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist.
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Ion Vinea
Ion Vinea (born Ioan Eugen Iovanaki, sometimes Iovanache; April 17, 1895 – July 6, 1964) was a Romanian poet, novelist, journalist, literary theorist, and political figure.
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Iordan Chimet
Iordan Chimet (November 18, 1924 – May 23, 2006) was a Romanian poet, children's writer and essayist, whose work was inspired by Surrealism and Onirism.
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Iron Guard
The Iron Guard (Garda de fier) is the name most commonly given to a far-right movement and political party in Romania in the period from 1927 into the early part of World War II.
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Isaac Babel
Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel (p; – 27 January 1940) was a Russian-language journalist, playwright, literary translator, historian and Bolshevik revolutionary.
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Isaac Bashevis Singer
Isaac Bashevis Singer (יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער; November 21, 1902 – July 24, 1991) was a Polish-born Jewish writer in Yiddish, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978.
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Isac Ludo
Isac Ludo (1894–1973) was a Romanian writer and political figure.
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Jewish assimilation
Jewish assimilation (התבוללות, Hitbolelut) refers to the gradual cultural assimilation and social integration of Jews in their surrounding culture as well as the ideological program promoting conformity as a potential solution to historic Jewish marginalization in the age of emancipation.
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Jewish emancipation
Jewish emancipation was the external (and internal) process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which Jewish people were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights on a communal, not merely individual, basis.
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Jewish ghettos in Europe
Jewish ghettos in Europe were neighborhoods of European cities in which Jews were permitted to live.
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Jewish mythology
Jewish mythology is a major literary element of the body of folklore found in the sacred texts and in traditional narratives that help explain and symbolize Jewish culture and Judaism.
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John the Baptist
John the Baptist (יוחנן המטביל Yokhanan HaMatbil, Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής, Iōánnēs ho baptistḗs or Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων, Iōánnēs ho baptízōn,Lang, Bernhard (2009) International Review of Biblical Studies Brill Academic Pub p. 380 – "33/34 CE Herod Antipas's marriage to Herodias (and beginning of the ministry of Jesus in a sabbatical year); 35 CE – death of John the Baptist" ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲇⲣⲟⲙⲟⲥ or ⲓⲱ̅ⲁ ⲡⲓⲣϥϯⲱⲙⲥ, يوحنا المعمدان) was a Jewish itinerant preacherCross, F. L. (ed.) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed.
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Joseph Roth
Joseph Roth, born Moses Joseph Roth (2 September 1894 – 27 May 1939), was an Austrian-Jewish journalist and novelist, best known for his family saga Radetzky March (1932), about the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his novel of Jewish life, Job (1930), and his seminal essay "Juden auf Wanderschaft" (1927; translated into English in The Wandering Jews), a fragmented account of the Jewish migrations from eastern to western Europe in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution.
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Journalism
Journalism refers to the production and distribution of reports on recent events.
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Judaism
Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.
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King Michael's Coup
King Michael's Coup was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944.
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King of the Romanians
The King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor) or King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României), was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.
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Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.
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Kol Nidre
Kol Nidre (also known as Kol Nidrey or Kol Nidrei) (Aramaic: כָּל נִדְרֵי) is an Aramaic declaration recited in the synagogue before the beginning of the evening service on every Yom Kippur.
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Lady Chatterley's Lover
Lady Chatterley's Lover is a novel by D. H. Lawrence, first published privately in 1928 in Italy, and in 1929 in France and Australia.
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Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.
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Liberalization
Liberalization (or liberalisation) is a general term for any process whereby a state lifts restrictions on some private individual activities.
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Libertarian socialism
Libertarian socialism (or socialist libertarianism) is a group of anti-authoritarian political philosophies inside the socialist movement that rejects socialism as centralized state ownership and control of the economy.
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List of Romanian consorts
Consorts of Romanian monarchs were persons married to the Romanian monarch during his reign.
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Literary modernism
Literary modernism, or modernist literature, has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America, and is characterized by a very self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing, in both poetry and prose fiction.
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Liviu Rebreanu
Liviu Rebreanu (November 27, 1885 – September 1, 1944) was a Romanian novelist, playwright, short story writer, and journalist.
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Louis Aragon
Louis Aragon (3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet, who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France, who co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Littérature.
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Lucian Boia
Lucian Boia (born 1 February 1944 in Bucharest) is a Romanian historian.
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Lyricism
Lyricism is a quality that expresses deep feelings or emotions in an inspired work of art.
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Mannerism
Mannerism, also known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520 and lasted until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it.
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Marc Chagall
Marc Zakharovich Chagall (born Moishe Zakharovich Shagal; 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Marxism–Leninism
In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.
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Matei Basarab National College (Bucharest)
Matei Basarab National College (Colegiul Național "Matei Basarab") is a high school in Bucharest, Romania.
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Max Hermann Maxy
Max Hermann Maxy (also known as M. H. Maxy, born Max Herman; October 26, 1895–July 19, 1971) was a Romanian painter, art professor, scenographer, and professor of German-Jewish descent.
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Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в or Пе́шков; – 18 June 1936), primarily known as Maxim (Maksim) Gorky (Макси́м Го́рький), was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist.
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Middle class
The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy.
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Mihai Beniuc
Mihai Beniuc (20 November 1907 in Sebiş, Arad County (then Austria-Hungary) – 24 June 1988) was a Romanian socialist realist poet, dramatist and novelist.
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Mihail Sadoveanu
Mihail Sadoveanu (occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; November 5, 1880 – October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947–1948 and 1958).
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Mihail Sebastian
Mihail Sebastian (born Iosif Mendel Hechter; October 18, 1907 – May 29, 1945) was a Romanian playwright, essayist, journalist and novelist.
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Mikhail Sholokhov
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (p; – February 21, 1984) was a Soviet/Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Mircea Eliade
Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.
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Mircea Zaciu
Mircea Zaciu (August 27, 1928–March 21, 2000) was a Romanian critic, literary historian and prose writer.
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Miron Radu Paraschivescu
Miron Radu Paraschivescu (October 2, 1911– February 17, 1971) was a Romanian poet, essayist, journalist, and translator.
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Modern art
Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophy of the art produced during that era.
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Moldavia
Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.
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Mongolian literature
Mongol literature has been greatly influenced by its nomadic oral traditions.
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Monograph
A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author, and usually on a scholarly subject.
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N. D. Cocea
N.
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N. D. Popescu-Popnedea
Nicolae D. Popescu (August 9, 1843–June 8, 1921) was a Romanian prose writer.
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Naïve art
Naïve art is any form of visual art that is created by a person who lacks the formal education and training that a professional artist undergoes (in anatomy, art history, technique, perspective, ways of seeing).
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Nae Ionescu
Nae Ionescu (born Nicolae C. Ionescu; – 15 March 1940) was a Romanian philosopher, logician, mathematician, professor, and journalist.
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National communism
National communism refers to the various forms in which communism has been adopted and/or implemented by leaders in different countries.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Neurosis
Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving chronic distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations.
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Nicolae Carandino
Nicolae Carandino (19 July 1905 – 16 February 1996) was a Romanian journalist, pamphleteer, translator, dramatist, and politician.
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Nicolae Ceaușescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu (26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian Communist politician.
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Nicolae Davidescu
Nicolae Davidescu (October 24, 1888 – June 12, 1954) was a Romanian symbolist poet and novelist.
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Nicolae Grigorescu
Nicolae Grigorescu (15 May 1838 – 21 July 1907) was one of the founders of modern Romanian painting.
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Nicolae Manolescu
Nicolae Manolescu (b. 27 November 1939, Râmnicu Vâlcea) is a Romanian literary critic.
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Nicolae Tonitza
Nicolae Tonitza (April 13, 1886 – February 27, 1940) was a Romanian painter, engraver, lithographer, journalist and art critic.
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Novella
A novella is a text of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel, somewhere between 7,500 and 40,000 words.
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Observator Cultural
Observator Cultural (meaning "The Cultural Observer" in English) is a weekly literary magazine based in Bucharest, Romania.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Oral tradition
Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication where in knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
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Orangutan
The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are three extant species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia.
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Osmosis
Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
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Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu
Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu (born Moise Cahn or Cohn; 16 August 1921, in Galați, Romania – 27 April or 28 April 2000, in Berlin, Germany) was a Romanian literary critic and science fiction writer.
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Pablo Neruda
Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda, was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician.
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Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is an international academic and trade publishing company.
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Pantomime
Pantomime (informally panto) is a type of musical comedy stage production designed for family entertainment.
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Parody
A parody (also called a spoof, send-up, take-off, lampoon, play on something, caricature, or joke) is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation.
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Passover
Passover or Pesach (from Hebrew Pesah, Pesakh) is a major, biblically derived Jewish holiday.
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Pastiche
A pastiche is a work of visual art, literature, theatre, or music that imitates the style or character of the work of one or more other artists.
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Pastoral
A pastoral lifestyle (see pastoralism) is that of shepherds herding livestock around open areas of land according to seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture.
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Pathos
Pathos (plural: pathea;, for "suffering" or "experience"; adjectival form: 'pathetic' from παθητικός) represents an appeal to the emotions of the audience, and elicits feelings that already reside in them.
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Paul Éluard
Paul Éluard, born Eugène Émile Paul Grindel (14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the surrealist movement.
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Paul Cernat
Paul Cernat (born August 5, 1972 in Bucharest) is a Romanian essayist and literary critic.
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Payot
Payot (פֵּאָה), also pronounced pe'ot, peyot; or payos, peyos, peyois, payois in Ashkenazi pronunciation, is the Hebrew word for sidelocks or sidecurls.
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Păstorel Teodoreanu
Păstorel Teodoreanu, or just Păstorel (born Alexandru Osvald (Al. O.) Teodoreanu; July 30, 1894 – March 17, 1964), was a Romanian humorist, poet and gastronome, the brother of novelist Ionel Teodoreanu and brother in law of writer Ștefana Velisar Teodoreanu.
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Pericle Martinescu
Pericle Martinescu (February 11, 1911 in Viişoara, Constanţa County – December 24, 2005) was a Romanian writer and journalist.
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Perpessicius
Perpessicius (pen name of Dumitru S. Panaitescu, also known as Panait Șt. Dumitru, D. P. Perpessicius and Panaitescu-Perpessicius; October 22, 1891 – March 29, 1971) was a Romanian literary historian and critic, poet, essayist and fiction writer.
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Petru Dumitriu
Petru Dumitriu (8 May 1924 – 6 April 2002) was a Romanian-born novelist who wrote both in Romanian and in French.
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Picturesque
Picturesque is an aesthetic ideal introduced into English cultural debate in 1782 by William Gilpin in Observations on the River Wye, and Several Parts of South Wales, etc.
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Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work.
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Pompiliu Constantinescu
Pompiliu Constantinescu (May 17, 1901 – May 9, 1946) was a Romanian literary critic.
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Popular education
Popular education is a concept grounded in notions of class, political struggle, and social transformation.
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Pornography
Pornography (often abbreviated porn) is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the exclusive purpose of sexual arousal.
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Prejudice
Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's group membership.
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Primitivism
Primitivism is a mode of aesthetic idealization that either emulates or aspires to recreate "primitive" experience.
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Proletarian revolution
A proletarian revolution is a social revolution in which the working class attempts to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
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Proletariat
The proletariat (from Latin proletarius "producing offspring") is the class of wage-earners in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labour-power (their ability to work).
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Proletkult
Proletkult (p), a portmanteau of the Russian words "proletarskaya kultura" (proletarian culture), was an experimental Soviet artistic institution that arose in conjunction with the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Proselytism
Proselytism is the act of attempting to convert people to another religion or opinion.
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Purim
Purim (Hebrew: Pûrîm "lots", from the word pur, related to Akkadian: pūru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the saving of the Jewish people from Haman, who was planning to kill all the Jews.
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Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah.
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Random House
Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.
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Rembrandt
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669) was a Dutch draughtsman, painter, and printmaker.
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Revista 22
Revista 22 (22 Magazine) is a Romanian weekly magazine, issued by the Group for Social Dialogue and focused mainly on politics and culture.
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Ritual washing in Judaism
In Judaism, ritual washing, or ablution, takes two main forms.
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Robert Desnos
Robert Desnos (4 July 1900 – 8 June 1945) was a French surrealist poet who played a key role in the Surrealist movement of his day.
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Romania during World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the only oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. King Carol favored Germany but after his death in 1914, King Ferdinand and the nation's political elite favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking Transylvania from Hungary, with its 3,000,000 Romanians. The Allies wanted Romania to join its side in order to cut the rail communications between Germany and Turkey, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. Britain made loans, France sent a military training mission, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria. The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied with Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, and Turkey. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. Despite initial successes, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 only Moldavia remained. After several defensive victories in 1917, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war; it signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918. On 10 November 1918, just one day before the German armistice and after all the other Central Powers had already capitulated, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the Macedonian Front.
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Romanian Communist Party
The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.
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Romanian Cultural Institute
The Romanian Cultural Institute (Institutul Cultural Român, abbreviation: ICR) is a state-funded institution that promotes Romanian culture and civilization in Romania and abroad.
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Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.
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Romanian literature
Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language.
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Romanian Police
The Romanian Police (Poliția Română) is the national police force and main civil law enforcement agency in Romania.
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Romanian Revolution
The Romanian Revolution (Revoluția Română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania in December 1989 and part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries.
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Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–48)
The Romanian Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social Democrat Român, or Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) was a social-democratic political party in Romania.
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Romanian Writers' Society
The Romanian Writers' Society (Societatea Scriitorilor Români) was a professional association based in Bucharest, Romania, that aided the country's writers and promoted their interests.
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România Literară
România Literară is a cultural and literary magazine from Romania.
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Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
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Russian literature
Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Rus', the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union.
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Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
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Sașa Pană
Sașa Pană (pen name of Alexandru Binder; 8 August 1902—22 August 1981) was a Romanian avant-garde poet, novelist, and short story writer.
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Sami Damian
Sami Damian (sometimes referred to as S. Damian or Samy Damian (born Samuel Druckmann, 18 July 1930, Alba Iulia, Romania - 1 August 2012) was a Romanian-born Jewish literary critic and essayist.
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Satire
Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.
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Saul Steinberg
| name.
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Sburătorul
Sburătorul was a Romanian modernist literary magazine and literary society, established in Bucharest in April 1919.
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Scînteia
Scînteia ("The Spark"; the initial spelling of the name in Romanian was Scânteia until the change of the orthography in 1953, as it would have been again, the orthography having officially reverted in 1993) was the name of two newspapers edited by Communist groups at different intervals in Romanian history.
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Sergiu Dan
Sergiu Dan (born Isidor Rotman or Rottman; December 29, 1903 – March 13, 1976) was a Romanian novelist, journalist, Holocaust survivor and political prisoner of the communist regime.
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Sesto Pals
Sesto Pals, pen name of Simion (or Semion) Șestopali (born Шестопаль, also rendered as S(h)estopal, Sestopaly, or Sestopali; ca. 1912 – October 27, 2002), was a Russian-born Romanian and Israeli writer.
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Shabbat
Shabbat (שַׁבָּת, "rest" or "cessation") or Shabbos (Ashkenazi Hebrew and שבת), or the Sabbath is Judaism's day of rest and seventh day of the week, on which religious Jews, Samaritans and certain Christians (such as Seventh-day Adventists, the 7th Day movement and Seventh Day Baptists) remember the Biblical creation of the heavens and the earth in six days and the Exodus of the Hebrews, and look forward to a future Messianic Age.
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Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant.
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Shtetl
Shtetlekh (שטעטל, shtetl (singular), שטעטלעך, shtetlekh (plural)) were small towns with large Jewish populations, which existed in Central and Eastern Europe before the Holocaust.
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Sign of the cross
The sign of the cross (signum crucis), or blessing oneself or crossing oneself, is a ritual blessing made by members of most branches of Christianity.
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Siguranța
Siguranța was the generic name for the successive secret police services in the Kingdom of Romania.
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Silent film
A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (and in particular, no spoken dialogue).
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Silviu Brucan
Silviu Brucan (born Saul Bruckner; 18 January 1916 – 14 September 2006) was a Jewish Zionist politician.
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Sketch story
A sketch story, literary sketch or simply sketch, is a piece of writing that is generally shorter than a short story, and contains very little, if any, plot.
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Social alienation
Social alienation is "a condition in social relationships reflected by a low degree of integration or common values and a high degree of distance or isolation between individuals, or between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment".
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Social realism
Social realism is the term used for work produced by painters, printmakers, photographers, writers and filmmakers that aims to draw attention to the everyday conditions of the working class and to voice the authors' critique of the social structures behind these conditions.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Socialist realism
Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was imposed as the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II.
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Socialist realism in Romania
After World War II, socialist realism on the Soviet model was imposed on the USSR's new satellites, including Romania.
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Socialist Republic of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.
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Sophist
A sophist (σοφιστής, sophistes) was a specific kind of teacher in ancient Greece, in the fifth and fourth centuries BC.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Stelian Tănase
Stelian Tănase (born February 17, 1952) is a Romanian writer, journalist, political analyst, and talk show host.
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Stephan Roll
Stephan Roll (pen name of Gheorghe Dinu, also credited as Stéphane, Stefan or Ștefan Roll; June 5, 1904 – May 14, 1974) was a Romanian poet, editor, film critic, and communist militant.
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Street theatre
Street theatre is a form of theatrical performance and presentation in outdoor public spaces without a specific paying audience.
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Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.
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Synagogue
A synagogue, also spelled synagog (pronounced; from Greek συναγωγή,, 'assembly', בית כנסת, 'house of assembly' or, "house of prayer", Yiddish: שול shul, Ladino: אסנוגה or קהל), is a Jewish house of prayer.
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Syndicalism
Syndicalism is a proposed type of economic system, considered a replacement for capitalism.
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Tanakh
The Tanakh (or; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach), also called the Mikra or Hebrew Bible, is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also a textual source for the Christian Old Testament.
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Tatars of Romania
Tatars (Tătari), a Turkic-speaking ethnic group, have been present on the territory of today's Romania since the 13th century.
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Teleorman County
Teleorman is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical region Muntenia, with its capital city at Alexandria.
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Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.
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Tudor Arghezi
Tudor Arghezi (21 May 1880 – 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer, best known for his quite unique contribution to poetry and children's literature.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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Unu
unu (Romanian for "one"; lower case used on purpose) was the name of an avant-garde art and literary magazine, published in Romania from April 1928 to September 1935.
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Urmuz
Urmuz (pen name of Demetru Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău, also known as Hurmuz or Ciriviș, born Dimitrie Dim. Ionescu-Buzeu; March 17, 1883 – November 23, 1923) was a Romanian writer, lawyer and civil servant, who became a cult hero in Romania's avant-garde scene.
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Ury Benador
Ury Benador (pen name of Simon Moise Grinberg; May 1, 1895 – November 23, 1971) was a Romanian playwright and prose writer.
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Vanitas
A vanitas is a symbolic work of art showing the transience of life, the futility of pleasure, and the certainty of death, often contrasting symbols of wealth and symbols of ephemerality and death.
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Vasile Marin
Vasile Marin (January 29, 1904 in Bucharest – January 13, 1937 in Majadahonda) was a Romanian politician, public servant and lawyer.
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Viața Românească
Viața Românească ("The Romanian Life") is a monthly literary magazine published in Romania.
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Vilna Troupe
The Vilna Troupe (Vilner trupe ווילנער טרופע; Vilniaus trupė; Trupa Wileńska; Trupa din Vilna), also known as Fareyn Fun Yiddishe Dramatishe Artistn (Federation of Yiddish Dramatic Actors) and later Dramă şi Comedie, was an international and mostly Yiddish-speaking theatrical company, one of the most famous in the history of Yiddish theater.
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Vlaicu Bârna
Vlaicu Victor Virgil Bârna (December 4, 1913 – March 11, 1999) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian poet.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Writers' Union of Romania
The Writers' Union of Romania, founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania.
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Yankev Shternberg
Yankev Shternberg (in English language texts occasionally referred to as Jacob Sternberg; יעקבֿ שטערנבערג; Яков Моисеевич Штернберг; 1890, Lipcani, Bessarabia, Russian Empire – 1973, Moscow, USSR) was a Yiddish theater director, teacher of theater, playwright, avant-garde poet and short-story writer, best known for his theater work in Romania between the two world wars.
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Yeshiva
Yeshiva (ישיבה, lit. "sitting"; pl., yeshivot or yeshivos) is a Jewish institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and the Torah.
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Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish/idish, "Jewish",; in older sources ייִדיש-טײַטש Yidish-Taitsh, Judaeo-German) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.
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Yiddish theatre
Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Central European Ashkenazi Jewish community.
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Zaharia Stancu
Zaharia Stancu (October 7, 1902 – December 5, 1974) was a Romanian prose writer, novelist, poet, and philosopher.
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Zigu Ornea
Zigu Ornea (born Zigu Orenstein Andrei Vasilescu,, in, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January–June 2008, p.85 or OrnsteinGeorge Ardeleanu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr. 363, March 2007 and commonly known as Z. Ornea; August 28, 1930 – November 14, 2001) was a Romanian cultural historian, literary critic, biographer and book publisher.
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Zionism
Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת Tsiyyonut after Zion) is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Canaan, the Holy Land, or the region of Palestine).
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1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt
The 1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt took place between 21 February and 5 April 1907.
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Redirects here:
B. Croitoru, Buium Croitoru, Buium sin Strul-Leiba Croitoru, Ion Calugaru, Strul Leiba Croitoru, Ştrul Leiba Croitoru, Ștrul Leiba Croitoru.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Călugăru
