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81 relations: Adam Smith, Anarchism, Barter, Bartercard, Bilateral trade, Caroline Humphrey, Catalonia, Cincinnati Time Store, Clearing account, Collaborative consumption, Commerce, Community-based economics, Comox Valley, Corporation, Cost the limit of price, Courtenay, British Columbia, Critique of the Gotha Program, Currency, David Graeber, Debits and credits, Developed country, Economics, Economist, Economy, Ethnography, Financial crisis, Financial transaction, Gift economy, Goods, Hyperinflation, Income, Index of international trade topics, Inefficiency, Interest, Intermediary, Internal Revenue Service, International Reciprocal Trade Association, International trade, Ithaca Hours, Josiah Warren, Karl Hess, Karl Marx, Labor theory of value, Language, Local currency, Local exchange trading system, Market (economics), Market economy, Medium of exchange, Merchant, ..., Money, Multilateral exchange, Mutual credit, Natural economy, New Harmony, Indiana, Op-ed, Owenism, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Pre-industrial society, Private currency, Profit (accounting), Profit taking, Property caretaker, Quid pro quo, Reciprocity (cultural anthropology), Redistribution (cultural anthropology), Scrip, Service (economics), Simple living, Socialism, Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Tax resistance, The Gift (book), The Wealth of Nations, Time-based currency, Trade, Trade exchange, Trading card, Trobriand Islands, Western world, WIR Bank. Expand index (31 more) »
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.
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Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.
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Barter
In trade, barter is a system of exchange where participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.
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Bartercard
Bartercard is the operator of the world’s largest barter trading exchange.
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Bilateral trade
Bilateral trade or clearing trade is trade exclusively between two states, particularly, barter trade based on bilateral deals between governments, and without using hard currency for payment.
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Caroline Humphrey
Dame Caroline Humphrey, Lady Rees of Ludlow, (née Waddington; born 1 September 1943) is a British anthropologist and academic.
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Catalonia
Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
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Cincinnati Time Store
The Cincinnati Time Store was a successful retail store that was created by American individualist anarchist Josiah Warren to test his theories that were based on his strict interpretation of the labor theory of value.
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Clearing account
A clearing account is usually a temporary account containing costs or amounts that are to be transferred to another account.
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Collaborative consumption
Collaborative consumption encompasses the sharing economy.
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Commerce
Commerce relates to "the exchange of goods and services, especially on a large scale.” Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that operate in any country or internationally.
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Community-based economics
Community-based economics or community economics is an economic system that encourages local substitution.
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Comox Valley
The Comox Valley is a region on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, that includes the city of Courtenay, the town of Comox, the village of Cumberland, and the unincorporated settlements of Royston, Union Bay, Fanny Bay, Black Creek and Merville.
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Corporation
A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
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Cost the limit of price
Cost the limit of price was a maxim coined by Josiah Warren, indicating a (prescriptive) version of the labor theory of value.
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Courtenay, British Columbia
Courtenay is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
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Critique of the Gotha Program
The Critique of the Gotha Program (Kritik des Gothaer Programms) is a document based on a letter by Karl Marx written in early May 1875 to the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP), with whom Marx and Friedrich Engels were in close association.
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Currency
A currency (from curraunt, "in circulation", from currens, -entis), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins.
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David Graeber
David Rolfe Graeber (born 12 February 1961) is an American anthropologist and anarchist activist, perhaps best known for his 2011 volume Debt: The First 5000 Years.
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Debits and credits
In double entry bookkeeping, debits and credits (abbreviated Dr and Cr, respectively) are entries made in account ledgers to record changes in value resulting from business transactions.
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Developed country
A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
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Economics
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Economist
An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.
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Economy
An economy (from Greek οίκος – "household" and νέμoμαι – "manage") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents.
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Ethnography
Ethnography (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos "folk, people, nation" and γράφω grapho "I write") is the systematic study of people and cultures.
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Financial crisis
A financial crisis is any of a broad variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value.
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Financial transaction
A financial transaction is an agreement, or communication, carried out between a buyer and a seller to exchange an asset for payment.
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Gift economy
A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.
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Goods
In economics, goods are materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product.
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Hyperinflation
In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation.
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Income
Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.
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Index of international trade topics
This is a list of international trade topics.
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Inefficiency
The term inefficiency generally refers to an absence of efficiency.
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Interest
Interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (i.e., the amount borrowed), at a particular rate.
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Intermediary
An intermediary (or go-between) is a third party that offers intermediation services between two parties.
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Internal Revenue Service
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service of the United States federal government.
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International Reciprocal Trade Association
The International Reciprocal Trade Association (IRTA) is the global trade association for trade exchanges which includes retail barter exchanges, corporate trade companies, complementary currency organizations and counter trade systems.
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International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.
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Ithaca Hours
The Ithaca HOUR is a local currency used in Ithaca, New York and is the oldest and largest local currency system in the United States that is still operating.
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Josiah Warren
Josiah Warren (1798 – April 14, 1874) was an individualist anarchist, inventor, musician, printer, and author in the United States.
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Karl Hess
Karl Hess (born Carl Hess III; May 25, 1923 – April 22, 1994) was an American speechwriter and author.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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Labor theory of value
The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory of value that argues that the economic value of a good or service is determined by the total amount of "socially necessary labor" required to produce it, rather than by the use or pleasure its owner gets from it (demand) and its scarcity value (supply).
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Language
Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.
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Local currency
In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a particular geographical locality at participating organisations.
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Local exchange trading system
A local exchange trading system (also local employment and trading system or local energy transfer system; abbreviated LETS) is a locally initiated, democratically organised, not-for-profit community enterprise that provides a community information service and records transactions of members exchanging goods and services by using locally created currency.
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Market (economics)
A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.
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Market economy
A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.
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Medium of exchange
A medium of exchange is a tradeable entity used to avoid the inconveniences of a pure barter system.
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Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people.
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Money
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.
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Multilateral exchange
A multilateral exchange is a transaction, or forum for transactions, which involve more than two parties.
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Mutual credit
"Mutual credit" (sometimes called "multilateral barter" or "credit clearing") is a term mostly used in the field of complementary currencies to describe a common, usually small scale, endogenous money system.
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Natural economy
Natural economy refers to a type of economy in which money is not used in the transfer of resources among people.
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New Harmony, Indiana
New Harmony is a historic town on the Wabash River in Harmony Township, Posey County, Indiana.
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Op-ed
An op-ed (originally short for "opposite the editorial page" although often taken to stand for "opinion editorial") is a written prose piece typically published by a newspaper or magazine which expresses the opinion of a named author usually not affiliated with the publication's editorial board.
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Owenism
Owenism is the utopian socialist philosophy of 19th-century social reformer Robert Owen and his followers and successors, who are known as Owenites.
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy.
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Pre-industrial society
Pre-industrial society refers to social attributes and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the advent of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred from 1750 to 1850.
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Private currency
A private currency is a currency issued by a private entity, be it an individual, a commercial business or a nonprofit enterprise.
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Profit (accounting)
Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).
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Profit taking
In finance, profit taking (or taking profits) is the practice of selling an asset, mostly shares, when the asset has risen in price.
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Property caretaker
A property caretaker is a person, group, or organization that cares for real estate for trade or financial compensation, and sometimes as a barter for rent-free living accommodations.
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Quid pro quo
Quid pro quo ("something for something" in Latin) is a phrase used in English to mean an exchange of goods or services, in which one transfer is contingent upon the other; "a favour for a favour".
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Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)
In cultural anthropology, reciprocity refers to the non-market exchange of goods or labour ranging from direct barter (immediate exchange) to forms of gift exchange where a return is eventually expected (delayed exchange) as in the exchange of birthday gifts.
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Redistribution (cultural anthropology)
In cultural anthropology and sociology, redistribution refers to a system of economic exchange involving the centralized collection of goods from members of a group followed by the redivision of those goods among those members.
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Scrip
A scrip (or chit in India) is any substitute for legal tender.
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Service (economics)
In economics, a service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
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Simple living
Simple living encompasses a number of different voluntary practices to simplify one's lifestyle.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, also known as TEFRA, is a United States federal law that rescinded some of the effects of the Kemp-Roth Act passed the year before.
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Tax resistance
Tax resistance is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself.
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The Gift (book)
The Gift is a short book by the French sociologist Marcel Mauss that is the foundation of social theories of reciprocity and gift exchange.
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The Wealth of Nations
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith.
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Time-based currency
In economics, a time-based currency is an alternative currency or exchange system where the unit of account/value is the person-hour or some other time unit.
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Trade
Trade involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.
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Trade exchange
An association of businesses formed for the purpose of trading with one another, using mutual credit to keep account.
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Trading card
A trading card (or collectible card) is a small card, usually made out of paperboard or thick paper, which usually contains an image of a certain person, place or thing (fictional or real) and a short description of the picture, along with other text (attacks, statistics, or trivia).
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Trobriand Islands
The Trobriand Islands are a archipelago of coral atolls off the east coast of New Guinea.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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WIR Bank
The WIR Bank, formerly the Swiss Economic Circle (German: Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft), or WIR, is an independent complementary currency system in Switzerland that serves businesses in hospitality, construction, manufacturing, retail and professional services.
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Barter (behaviour), Barter (economics), Barter (finance), Barter economy, Barter exchange, Barter goods, Barter system, Barter trade, Bartering, Contra deal, In-kind wage, Swapping (barter).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter
