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A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough
Albert Victor Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough, (1 May 1885 – 11 January 1965) was a British Labour Co-operative politician.
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Aces of the Deep
Aces of the Deep is a World War II submarine simulator game developed and published by Dynamix for MS-DOS in 1994.
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Action in the North Atlantic
Action in the North Atlantic (also known as Heroes Without Uniforms) is a 1943 American black-and-white war film from Warner Bros. Pictures, produced by Jerry Wald, directed by Lloyd Bacon, that stars Humphrey Bogart and Raymond Massey as sailors in the U.S. Merchant Marine during World War II.
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Actions of 5–6 May 1945
The last actions of the Battle of the Atlantic in American waters took place on 5–6 May 1945.
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Actions of 7–8 May 1945
The last actions in British coastal waters and the last actions of the Battle of the Atlantic took place on 7–8 May 1945.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.
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Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
Alfred Thayer Mahan (September 27, 1840 – December 1, 1914) was a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 (1890) won immediate recognition, especially in Europe, and with its successor, The Influence of Sea Power Upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793–1812 (1892), made him world-famous and perhaps the most influential American author of the nineteenth century.
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Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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Angelo Parona
Angelo Parona (April 23, 1889 – May 14, 1977) was an Italian admiral during World War II.
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Angers
Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris.
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Anti-submarine warfare
Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines.
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Archibald Hill
Archibald Vivian Hill (26 September 1886 – 3 June 1977), known as A. V. Hill, was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research.
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Archimede-class submarine
The Archimede class were a group of submarines built for the Italian Navy in the early 1930s.
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Arctic convoys of World War II
The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia.
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Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.
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Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.
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Armed merchantman
An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact.
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Arthur L. Bristol
Arthur LeRoy Bristol, Jr. (July 15, 1886 – April 27, 1942), was a Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, who held important commands during World War I and World War II, and was an early aircraft carrier commander.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.
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Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.
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Axis powers
The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.
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B-Dienst
The B-Dienst (Beobachtungsdienst, observation service), also called xB-Dienst, X-B-Dienst and χB-Dienst, was a Department of the German Naval Intelligence Service (Marinenachrichtendienst, MND III) of the OKM, that dealt with the interception and recording, decoding and analysis of the enemy, in particular British radio communications before and during World War II.
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Battle of Dunkirk
The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War.
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Battle of France
The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.
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Battle of Jutland
The Battle of Jutland (Skagerrakschlacht, the Battle of Skagerrak) was a naval battle fought by the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet under Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, against the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet under Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer during the First World War.
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Battle of the Barents Sea
The Battle of the Barents Sea was a naval engagement on 31 December 1942 between warships of the Nazi German Kriegsmarine and British ships escorting convoy JW 51B to Kola Inlet in the USSR.
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Battle of the Caribbean
The Battle of the Caribbean refers to a naval campaign waged during World War II that was part of the Battle of the Atlantic, from 1941 to 1945.
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Battle of the Denmark Strait
The Battle of the Denmark Strait was a naval engagement on 24 May 1941 in the Second World War, between ships of the Royal Navy and the German Kriegsmarine.
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Battle of the North Cape
The Battle of the North Cape was a Second World War naval battle which occurred on 26 December 1943, as part of the Arctic Campaign.
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Battle of the River Plate
The Battle of the River Plate was the first naval battle in the Second World War and the first one of the Battle of the Atlantic in South American waters.
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Battle of the St. Lawrence
The Battle of the St.
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Battlecruiser
The battlecruiser, or battle cruiser, was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century.
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Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (Golfe de Gascogne, Golfo de Vizcaya, Pleg-mor Gwaskogn, Bizkaiko Golkoa) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea.
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Befehlshaber der U-Boote
The Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU) was the supreme commander of the Kriegsmarines U-boat Arm (Ubootwaffe) during World War II.
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Bermuda
Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean.
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BETASOM
BETASOM (an Italian language acronym of Bordeaux Sommergibile or Sommergibili) was a submarine base established at Bordeaux, France by the Italian Regia Marina Italiana during World War II.
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Binoculars
Binoculars or field glasses are two telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects.
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Black May (1943)
‘Black May’ refers to a period (May 1943) in the Battle of the Atlantic campaign during World War II, when the German U-boat arm (U-Bootwaffe) suffered high casualties with fewer Allied ships sunk; it is considered a turning point in the Battle of the Atlantic.
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Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park was the central site for British (and subsequently, Allied) codebreakers during World War II.
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Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)
The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.
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Blockade runner
A blockade runner is usually a lighter-weight ship used for evading a naval blockade of a port or strait, as opposed to confronting the blockaders to break the blockade.
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Bold (decoy)
Bold (a term derived from kobold) was a German sonar decoy, used by U-boats during the Second World War from 1942 onwards.
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus;The spelling Bosporus is listed first or exclusively in all major British and American dictionaries (e.g.,,, Merriam-Webster,, and Random House) as well as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the.
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Boston
Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the air branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces and one of the three national uniformed services.
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Brazilian cruiser Bahia
Bahia was the lead ship of a two-vessel class of cruisers built for Brazil by the British company Armstrong Whitworth.
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Brazilian Navy
The Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil) is the naval service branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, responsible for conducting naval operations.
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Brest, France
Brest is a city in the Finistère département in Brittany.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
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British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.
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British merchant seamen of World War II
Merchant seamen crewed the merchant ships of the British Merchant Navy which kept the United Kingdom supplied with raw materials, arms, ammunition, fuel, food and all of the necessities of a nation at war throughout World War II literally enabling the country to defend itself.
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British occupation of the Faroe Islands
The British occupation of the Faroe Islands in World War II, also known as Operation Valentine, was implemented immediately following the German invasion of Denmark and Norway.
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British Security Co-ordination
British Security Co-ordination (BSC) was a covert organisation set up in New York City by the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in May 1940 upon the authorisation of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
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British Tanker Company
British Tanker Company Limited was the maritime transport arm of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the forerunner of BP.
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Bureau of Ordnance
The Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd) was the U.S. Navy's organization responsible for the procurement, storage, and deployment of all naval weapons, between the years 1862 and 1959.
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Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the collective decision-making body of Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom, composed of the Prime Minister and 21 cabinet ministers, the most senior of the government ministers.
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CAM ship
CAM ships were World War II-era British merchant ships used in convoys as an emergency stop-gap until sufficient escort carriers became available.
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Capital ship
The capital ships of a navy are its most important warships; they are generally the larger ships when compared to other warships in their respective fleet.
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Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea (Mar Caribe; Mer des Caraïbes; Caraïbische Zee) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.
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Carlo Fecia di Cossato
Carlo Fecia di Cossato (25 September 1908 – 27 August 1944) was an officer in the Regia Marina (Italian Navy), in command of submarines and torpedo boats during World War II.
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Cavity magnetron
The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators).
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Channel Dash
The Channel Dash or Unternehmen Zerberus (Operation Cerberus) was a German naval operation during World War II.
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Château de Pignerolle
The Chateau de Pignerolle is located to the east of Angers in the commune of Saint-Barthélemy-d'Anjou in the department of Maine-et-Loire in France.
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Chief of Naval Operations
The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is the most senior officer in the United States Navy.
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Clay Blair
Clay Blair Jr. (May 1, 1925 – December 16, 1998) was an American historian, best known for his books on military history.
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Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches
Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches was the commander of a major operational command of the Royal Navy during World War II.
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Commerce raiding
Commerce raiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them.
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Consolidated B-24 Liberator
The Consolidated B-24 Liberator is an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California.
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Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated PBY Catalina, also known as the Canso in Canadian service, is an American flying boat, and later an amphibious aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s produced by Consolidated Aircraft.
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Convoy
A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection.
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Convoy battles of World War II
Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of cargo ships assembled for mutual defense, and were attacked by enemy submarines, surface ships, and/or aircraft.
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Convoy HG 76
HG 76 was an Allied convoy of the HG (Homeward from Gibraltar) series during World War II.
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Convoy HX 106
Convoy HX 106 was the 106th of the numbered series of Allied HX convoys of merchant ships from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Liverpool, England.
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Convoy HX 112
HX 112 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War.
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Convoy HX 228
HX 228 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Convoy HX 72
HX 72 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Convoy HX 79
HX 79 was an Allied North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Convoy HX 84
Convoy HX 84 was the 84th of the numbered series of Allied North Atlantic HX convoys of merchant ships from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Liverpool, England during the battle of the Atlantic.
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Convoy HX 90
Convoy HX 90 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Convoy ON 154
Convoy ON-154 was the 154th of the numbered series of World War II merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America.
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Convoy ON 166
Convoy ON 166 was the 166th of the numbered ON series of merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America.
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Convoy ONS 5
ONS 5 was the 5th of the numbered ONS series of Slow trade convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America.
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Convoy SC 104
Convoy SC-104 was the 104th of the numbered series of World War II '''S'''low '''C'''onvoys of merchant ships from '''S'''ydney, '''C'''ape Breton Island to Liverpool.
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Convoy SC 107
Convoy SC 107 was the 107th of the numbered series of World War II '''S'''low '''C'''onvoys of merchant ships from '''S'''ydney, '''C'''ape Breton Island to Liverpool.
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Convoy SC 118
Convoy SC-118 was the 118th of the numbered series of World War II '''S'''low '''C'''onvoys of merchant ships from '''S'''ydney, '''C'''ape Breton Island to Liverpool.
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Convoy SC 121
Convoy SC-121 was the 121st of the numbered series of World War II '''S'''low '''C'''onvoys of merchant ships from '''S'''ydney, '''C'''ape Breton Island to Liverpool.
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Convoy SC 130
Convoy SC 130 was a North Atlantic convoy which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Convoy SC 26
SC 26 was a North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Convoy SC 7
SC 7 was the code name for a large Allied World War II convoy of 35 merchant ships and six escorts, which sailed eastbound from Sydney, Nova Scotia for Liverpool and other United Kingdom ports on 5 October 1940.
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Convoy SC 94
Convoy SC-94 was the 94th of the numbered series of World War II '''S'''low '''C'''onvoys of merchant ships from '''S'''ydney, '''C'''ape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Liverpool.
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Convoys HX 229/SC 122
The battle around convoys HX 229 and SC 122 occurred during March 1943 in the Battle of the Atlantic, and was the largest convoy battle of World War II.
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Convoys ONS 18/ON 202
ONS 18 and ON 202 were North Atlantic convoys of the ONS/ON series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
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Corvette
A corvette is a small warship.
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Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.
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Dan van der Vat
Daniel Francis Jeroen van der Vat (born 28 October 1939, Alkmaar, North Holland) is a journalist, writer and military historian, with a focus on naval history.
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Das Boot
Das Boot (German: "The Boat") is a 1981 German war film written and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, produced by Günter Rohrbach, and starring Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer, and Klaus Wennemann.
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Demoralization (warfare)
Demoralization is, in a context of warfare, national security, and law enforcement, a process in psychological warfare with the objective to erode morale among enemy combatants and/or noncombatants.
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Denys Rayner
Denys Arthur Rayner DSC & Bar, VRD, RNVR (9 February 1908 – 4 January 1967) was a Royal Navy officer who fought throughout the Battle of the Atlantic.
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Depth charge
A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare weapon.
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Destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller powerful short-range attackers.
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Destroyer Command
Destroyer Command is a naval simulation released by Ubisoft in 2002 and developed by the now-defunct Ultimation Inc.
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Destroyer escort
Destroyer escort (DE) was the United States Navy mid-20th-century classification for a warship designed with endurance to escort mid-ocean convoys of merchant marine ships.
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Destroyers for Bases Agreement
In the Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom on September 2, 1940, fifty,, and US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the United States Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions.
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Deutschland-class cruiser
The Deutschland class was a series of three Panzerschiffe ("armored ships"), a form of heavily armed cruiser, built by the Reichsmarine officially in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.
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Dominion of Newfoundland
Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 to 1949.
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Donald Macintyre (Royal Navy officer)
Donald George Frederick Wyville Macintyre DSO & Two Bars, DSC (26 January 1904 – 23 May 1981) was a Royal Navy officer during the Second World War and a successful convoy escort commander.
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Dudley Pound
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers Pound, (29 August 1877 – 21 October 1943) was a senior officer of the Royal Navy.
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East Coast of the United States
The East Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean.
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Eddy current
Eddy currents (also called Foucault currents) are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor due to Faraday's law of induction.
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Elektroboot
An elektroboot ("electric boat" in German) was a submarine designed to operate entirely submerged, rather than as submersibles that could submerge as a temporary means to escape detection or launch an attack.
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Ellerman Lines
Ellerman Lines was a UK cargo and passenger shipping company that operated from the late nineteenth century and into the twentieth century.
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Empire of Japan
The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.
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Empire ship
An Empire ship was one a group of merchant ships given names beginning "Empire" in the service of the British Government during and after the Second World War.
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End of World War II in Europe
The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Allies took place in late April and early May 1945.
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Engelbert Endrass
Engelbert Endrass (Engelbert Endraß) (2 March 1911 – 21 December 1941) was a German U-boat commander in World War II.
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English Channel
The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Enigma machine
The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication.
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Erich Raeder
Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960) was a German grand admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II.
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Ernest King
Ernest Joseph King (23 November 1878 – 25 June 1956) was Commander in Chief, United States Fleet (COMINCH) and Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) during World War II.
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Escort carrier
The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier (US hull classification symbol CVE), also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, and the United States Navy in World War II.
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First Lord of the Admiralty
The First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the political head of the Royal Navy who was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs and responsible for the direction and control of Admiralty Department as well as general administration of the Naval Service of the United Kingdom, that encompassed the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines and other services.
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Fliegerführer Atlantik
Fliegerführer Atlantik (German: "Flyer Command Atlantic") was a World War II Luftwaffe naval command dedicated to maritime patrol.
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Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor
The Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor, also known as Kurier to the Allies, was a German all-metal four-engined monoplane originally developed by Focke-Wulf as a long-range airliner.
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Force H
Force H was a British naval formation during the Second World War.
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Foreign minister
A foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations.
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Foxer
Foxer was the code name for a British built acoustic decoy used to confuse German acoustic homing torpedoes like the G7 torpedo during the Second World War.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Frank Birch
Francis Lyall Birch, CMG, OBE (5 December 1889 – 14 February 1956) was a British cryptographer and actor.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.
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Frederic John Walker
Captain Frederic John Walker, (3 June 1896 – 9 July 1944) (his first name is given as Frederick in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and some London Gazette entries) was a Royal Navy officer noted for his exploits during World War II.
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Frederick Bowhill
Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick William Bowhill, (1 September 1880 – 12 March 1960) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force before and during the Second World War.
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Free France
Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France.
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Freetown
Freetown is the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone.
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French Navy
The French Navy (Marine Nationale), informally "La Royale", is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.
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French Resistance
The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.
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French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War until 1940 when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.
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Frigate
A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.
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G7es torpedo
The G7es (T5) "Zaunkönig" ("wren") was an acoustic torpedo employed by German U-boats during World War II.
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Günther Lütjens
Johann Günther Lütjens (25 May 1889 – 27 May 1941) was a German Admiral whose military service spanned more than thirty years and two world wars.
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Günther Prien
Günther Prien (16 January 1908 – presumed 7 March 1941) was a German U-boat commander during World War II.
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German battleship Gneisenau
Gneisenau was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship and battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.
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German Instrument of Surrender
The German Instrument of Surrender ended World War II in Europe.
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German U-boat bases in occupied Norway
German U-boat bases in occupied Norway operated between 1940 and 1945, when the Kriegsmarine (German navy), converted several naval bases in Norway into submarine bases.
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Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as President during two periods: the first was from 1930–1945, when he served as interim president from 1930–1934, constitutional president from 1934–1937, and dictator from 1937–1945.
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Gianfranco Gazzana-Priaroggia
Gianfranco Gazzana Priaroggia (30 August 1912 – 23 May 1943) was an officer in the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina), and was the highest-scoring Italian submarine captain of World War II.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Gilbert Stephenson
Sir Gilbert Owen Stephenson KBE, CB, CMG, DL (13 February 1878 – 27 May 1972) was a British Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy, a pioneer of anti-submarine techniques in World War I, and most famous as an important Naval training commandant during World War II.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
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Grumman F4F Wildcat
The Grumman F4F Wildcat is an American carrier-based fighter aircraft that began service with both the United States Navy and the British Royal Navy in 1940, where it was initially known by the latter as the Martlet.
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Grumman TBF Avenger
The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) is an American torpedo bomber developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and eventually used by several air and naval aviation services around the world.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Gulf of Saint Lawrence
The Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French: Golfe du Saint-Laurent) is the outlet of the North American Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean.
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H2S (radar)
H2S was the first airborne, ground scanning radar system.
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Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine.
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Hans-Rudolf Rösing
Hans-Rudolf Rösing (28 September 1905 – 16 December 2004) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and later served in the Bundesmarine of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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Hawker Hurricane
The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–1940s that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd.
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Hebrides
The Hebrides (Innse Gall,; Suðreyjar) compose a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland.
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Hedgehog (weapon)
The Hedgehog (also known as an Anti-Submarine Projector) was a forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon that was used during the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War.
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Heinkel He 177
The Heinkel He 177 Greif ("Griffin") was a large, long-range heavy bomber flown by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
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Heinrich Bleichrodt
Heinrich Bleichrodt (21 October 1909 – 9 January 1977) was one of the most successful German U-boat commanders of the Second World War.
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Hellmuth Walter
Hellmuth Walter (26 August 1900 – 16 December 1980) was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines.
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Henry H. Arnold
Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold (June 25, 1886 – January 15, 1950) was an American general officer holding the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force.
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Henry Tizard
Sir Henry Thomas Tizard (23 August 1885 – 9 October 1959) was an English chemist, inventor and Rector of Imperial College, who developed the modern "octane rating" used to classify petrol, helped develop radar in World War II, and led the first serious studies of UFOs.
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Henschel Hs 293
The Henschel Hs 293 was a World War II German anti-ship guided missile: a radio controlled glide bomb with a rocket engine slung underneath it.
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Herbert Werner
Herbert A. Werner (13 May 1920 – 6 April 2013) was a German submarine officer and captain during World War II.
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High-frequency direction finding
High-frequency direction finding, usually known by its abbreviation HF/DF or nickname huff-duff, is a type of radio direction finder (RDF) introduced in World War II.
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HMS Audacity
HMS Audacity was a British escort carrier of the Second World War and the first of her kind.
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HMS Barham (04)
HMS Barham was a built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s.
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HMS Charybdis (88)
HMS Charybdis was a of the Royal Navy.
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HMS Courageous (50)
HMS Courageous was the lead ship of the cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.
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HMS Curacoa (D41)
HMS Curacoa was a C-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.
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HMS Curlew (D42)
HMS Curlew was a light cruiser built for the Royal Navy during World War I. She was part of the Ceres sub-class of the C class.
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HMS Dasher (D37)
HMS Dasher (D37) was a British Royal Navy aircraft carrier, of the – converted merchant vessels – and one of the shortest lived escort carriers.
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HMS Dunedin
HMS Dunedin was a light cruiser of the Royal Navy, pennant number D93.
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HMS Edinburgh (16)
HMS Edinburgh was a light cruiser of the Royal Navy, which served during the Second World War.
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HMS Effingham (D98)
HMS Effingham was a heavy cruiser of the Royal Navy.
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HMS Glorious
HMS Glorious was the second of the three s built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.
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HMS Hood
HMS Hood (pennant number 51) was the last battlecruiser built for the Royal Navy.
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HMS Nabob (D77)
HMS Nabob (D77) was a escort aircraft carrier which served in the Royal Navy during 1943 and 1944.
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HMS Royal Oak (08)
HMS Royal Oak was one of five s built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.
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HMS Trinidad (46)
HMS Trinidad was a Royal Navy cruiser (also known as the Fiji class).
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Home Fleet
The Home Fleet was a fleet of the Royal Navy that operated in the United Kingdom's territorial waters from 1902 with intervals until 1967.
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Hudson
Hudson may refer to.
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Human torpedo
Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing.
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Humphrey de Verd Leigh
Wing Commander Humphrey de Verd Leigh, OBE, DFC, AFC (1897–1980) was a Royal Air Force officer.
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Hydrophone
A hydrophone (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ.
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Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.
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In Enemy Hands (film)
In Enemy Hands is a World War II submarine film released in 2004, starring William H. Macy, Til Schweiger, Scott Caan and Lauren Holly.
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Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).
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Interdiction
Interdiction is a military term for the act of delaying, disrupting, or destroying enemy forces or supplies en route to the battle area.
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Invasion of Iceland
The invasion of Iceland took place on 10 May 1940 during World War II.
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Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II
The Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II continued essential overseas trade in the conflict, a period referred to as The Long Watch by Irish mariners.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Muir Éireann / An Mhuir Mheann, Y Keayn Yernagh, Erse Sea, Muir Èireann, Ulster-Scots: Airish Sea, Môr Iwerddon) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain; linked to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the Straits of Moyle.
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JATO
JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off), is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets.
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Jürgen Rohwer
Jürgen Rohwer (24 May 1924, Friedrichroda, Thuringia – 24 July 2015, Weinstadt, Baden-Württemberg) was a German naval military historian and emeritus professor of history at the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
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Joachim Schepke
Joachim Schepke (8 March 1912 – 17 March 1941) was a German U-boat commander during World War II.
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John Slessor
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Cotesworth Slessor, (3 June 1897 – 12 July 1979), sometimes known as Jack Slessor, was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force (RAF), serving as Chief of the Air Staff from 1950 to 1952.
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Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr. (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was an American businessman, investor, and politician known for his high-profile positions in United States politics.
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Junkers Ju 290
The Junkers Ju 290 was a large, four-engine long-range transport and maritime patrol aircraft used by the Luftwaffe late in World War II that had been developed from an earlier airliner.
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Karl Dönitz
Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz;; 16 September 1891 24 December 1980) was a German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II.
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Key (cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm.
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Killed in action
Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces.
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Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.
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Kriegsmarine
The Kriegsmarine (literally "War Navy") was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945.
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La Pallice
La Pallice (also known as grand port maritime de La Rochelle) is the commercial deep-water port of La Rochelle, France.
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La Rochelle
La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.
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Labrador Sea
The Labrador Sea (French: mer du Labrador, Danish: Labradorhavet) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland.
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Last battle of the battleship Bismarck
The last battle of the German battleship Bismarck took place in the Atlantic Ocean approximately west of Brest, France, on 26–27 May 1941.
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Leigh Light
The Leigh Light (abbreviated L/L) was a British World War II era anti-submarine device used in the Battle of the Atlantic.
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Lend-Lease
The Lend-Lease policy, formally titled An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was an American program to defeat Germany, Japan and Italy by distributing food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and August 1945.
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Leonard W. Murray
Rear Admiral Leonard Warren Murray, CB, CBE (22 June 1896 – 25 November 1971) was an officer of the Royal Canadian Navy who played a significant role in the Battle of the Atlantic.
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Liberty ship
Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II.
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List of German U-boat World War II raiding careers
No description.
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List of most successful U-boat commanders
The list of most successful U-boat commanders contains the top-scoring German U-boat commanders in the two World Wars based on their total tonnage sunk.
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List of wolfpacks of World War II
Wolfpacks (U-Boot-Gruppe) were employed by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II against Allied and neutral shipping.
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List of World War II torpedoes of Germany
No description.
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Liverpool
Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.
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London Naval Treaty
The Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament, commonly known as the London Naval Treaty, was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed on 22 April 1930, which regulated submarine warfare and limited naval shipbuilding.
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Long Island City
Long Island City (LIC) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens.
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Lorient
Lorient is a town (French "commune") and seaport in the Morbihan "department" of Brittany in North-Western France.
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Losses during the Battle of the Atlantic
The following is a table of Allied shipping losses in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II.
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Magnetic pistol
Magnetic pistol is the term for the device on a torpedo or naval mine that detects its target by its magnetic field, and triggers the fuse for detonation.
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Manstein Plan
The Manstein Plan is one of the names used to describe the war plan of the German Army during the Battle of France in 1940.
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Maritime patrol
Maritime patrol is the task of monitoring areas of water.
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Mark 14 torpedo
The Mark 14 torpedo was the United States Navy's standard submarine-launched anti-ship torpedo of World War II.
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Martin Dunbar-Nasmith
Admiral Sir Martin Eric Dunbar-Nasmith, (1 April 1883 – 29 June 1965) was a Royal Navy officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
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Martin Harlinghausen
Martin Harlinghausen (17 January 1902 – 22 March 1986) was a German general during World War II.
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Max Hastings
Sir Max Hugh Macdonald Hastings (born 28 December 1945) is a British journalist, who has worked as a foreign correspondent for the BBC, editor-in-chief of The Daily Telegraph, and editor of the Evening Standard.
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Max Horton
Admiral Sir Max Kennedy Horton, & Two Bars, SGM (29 November 1883 – 30 July 1951) was a British submariner during the First World War and commander-in-chief of the Western Approaches in the later half of the Second World War, responsible for British participation in the Battle of the Atlantic.
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Mediterranean Fleet
The British Mediterranean Fleet also known as the Mediterranean Station was part of the Royal Navy.
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Merchant aircraft carrier
A merchant aircraft carrier (also known as a MAC) was a limited-purpose aircraft carrier operated under British and Dutch civilian registry during World War II.
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Merchant navy
A merchant navy or merchant marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country.
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Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)
The Merchant Navy is the maritime register of the United Kingdom, and comprises the seagoing commercial interests of UK-registered ships and their crews.
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Merchant raider
Merchant raiders are armed commerce raiding ships that disguise themselves as non-combatant merchant vessels.
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Metox radar detector
Metox, named after its manufacturer, was a pioneering high-frequency radar warning receiver (RWR) manufactured by a small French company in occupied Paris.
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Mid-Atlantic gap
The Mid-Atlantic Gap is a geographical term attributed to an undefended area beyond the reach of land-based RAF Coastal Command antisubmarine (A/S) aircraft during the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War.
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Mid-Ocean Escort Force
Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) referred to the organisation of anti-submarine escorts for World War II trade convoys between Canada and Newfoundland, and the British Isles.
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Military campaign
The term military campaign applies to large scale, long duration, significant military strategy plans incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war.
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Military doctrine
Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements.
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Minesweeping
Minesweeping is the practice of the removal of explosive naval mines, usually by a specially designed ship called a minesweeper using various measures to either capture or detonate the mines, but sometimes also with an aircraft made for that purpose.
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Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources.
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Monsun Gruppe
The Gruppe Monsun or Monsoon Group was a force of German U-boats (submarines) that operated in the Pacific and Indian Oceans during World War II.
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Montevideo
Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay.
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Morse code
Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment.
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Mortar (weapon)
A mortar is usually a simple, lightweight, man portable, muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smooth-bore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount.
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Mumbai
Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
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Naval history of World War II
In the beginning of World War II the Royal Navy was still the strongest navy in the world, with the largest number of warships built and with naval bases across the globe.
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Naval mine
A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Newfoundland Escort Force
The Newfoundland Escort Force (NEF) was a Second World War naval command created on 20 May 1941 as part of the Allied convoy system in the Battle of the Atlantic.
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No. 209 Squadron RAF
No.
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Normandy landings
The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.
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North Sea
The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
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Nortraship
The Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission (Nortraship) was established in London in April 1940 to administer the Norwegian merchant fleet outside German-controlled areas.
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Norwegian Campaign
The Norwegian Campaign (9 April to 10 June 1940) was fought in Norway between Norway, the Allies and Germany in World War II after the latter's invasion of the country.
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Ocean liner
An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans.
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Operation Berlin (Atlantic)
Operation Berlin was a successful commerce raid performed by the German battleships and between January and March 1941.
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Operation Catechism
Operation Catechism was the last of nine attempts to sink or sabotage the Kriegsmarine battleship during the Second World War.
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Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight was the code name for the Royal Navy operation to scuttle German U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II.
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Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.
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Operation Rheinübung
Operation Rheinübung ("Exercise Rhine") was the sortie into the Atlantic by the new German battleship and heavy cruiser on 18–27 May 1941, during World War II.
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Operation Teardrop
Operation Teardrop was a United States Navy operation of World War II conducted during April and May 1945 to sink German U-boats approaching the United States East Coast that were believed to be armed with V-1 flying bombs.
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Operation Torch
Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942, formerly Operation Gymnast) was a Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during the North African Campaign of the Second World War.
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Operation Weserübung
Operation Weserübung was the code name for Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.
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Operations research
Operations research, or operational research in British usage, is a discipline that deals with the application of advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions.
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Osprey Publishing
Osprey Publishing is an Oxford-based publishing company specializing in military history.
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Osvaldo Aranha
Osvaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha (February 15, 1894 – January 27, 1960) was a Brazilian politician, diplomat and statesman, who came to national prominence in 1930 under Getúlio Vargas.
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Otto Kretschmer
Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 – 5 August 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine.
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Outer Banks
The Outer Banks (OBX) is a string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States.
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Pan-American Security Zone
During the early years of World War II before the United States became a formal belligerent, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a region of the Atlantic, adjacent to the Americas as the Pan-American Security Zone.
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Panama
Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and overseas territories.
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Percy Noble (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir Percy Lockhart Harnam Noble, GBE, KCB, CVO (16 January 1880 – 25 July 1955) was a Royal Navy officer who served in both World Wars.
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Peter Gretton
Vice Admiral Sir Peter William Gretton & Two Bars, (27 August 1912 – 11 November 1992) was an officer in the Royal Navy.
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Peter-Erich Cremer
Peter-Erich Cremer (25 March 1911 – 5 July 1992) was a German U-boat commander during the Second World War.
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Philip Joubert de la Ferté
Air Chief Marshal Sir Philip Bennet Joubert de la Ferté, (21 May 1887 – 21 January 1965) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the 1930s and the Second World War.
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Phoney War
The Phoney War (Drôle de guerre; Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II, during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district.
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Plan Z
Plan Z was the name given to the planned re-equipment and expansion of the Kriegsmarine (German navy) ordered by Adolf Hitler in early 1939.
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Plymouth
Plymouth is a city situated on the south coast of Devon, England, approximately south-west of Exeter and west-south-west of London.
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Port Said
Port Said (بورسعيد, the first syllable has its pronunciation from Arabic; unurbanized local pronunciation) is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010).
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President of the United States
The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.
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Prize (law)
Prize is a term used in admiralty law to refer to equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict.
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RAF Coastal Command
RAF Coastal Command was a formation within the Royal Air Force (RAF).
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Río de la Plata
The Río de la Plata ("river of silver") — rendered River Plate in British English and the Commonwealth and La Plata River (occasionally Plata River) in other English-speaking countries — is the estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay and the Paraná rivers.
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Regia Marina
The Royal Navy (Italian: Regia Marina) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946.
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Robert Carney
Robert Bostwick Carney (March 26, 1895 – June 25, 1990) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served as commander-in-chief of the NATO forces in Southern Europe (1951–1953) and then as Chief of Naval Operations (1953–1954) during the Eisenhower administration.
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Romolo Polacchini
Romolo Polacchini (May 20, 1897 – October 16, 1968) was an Italian admiral during World War II.
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Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages.
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Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.
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Royal Canadian Navy
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; French: Marine royale canadienne) is the naval force of Canada.
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Royal E. Ingersoll
Royal Eason Ingersoll (20 June 1883 – 20 May 1976) was a United States Navy four-star admiral who served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANT) from January 1, 1942 to late 1944; Commander, Western Sea Frontier from late 1944 to 1946; and Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet/Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (DCOMINCH/DCNO) from late 1944 to late 1945.
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Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.
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Scapa Flow
Scapa Flow viewed from its eastern end in June 2009 Scapa Flow is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray,S.
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Scuttling
Scuttling is the deliberate sinking of a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull.
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Second Happy Time
The Second Happy Time, also known among German submarine commanders as the American shooting season, was the informal name for a phase in the Battle of the Atlantic during which Axis submarines attacked merchant shipping and Allied naval vessels along the east coast of North America.
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).
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Ship commissioning
Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service, and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning.
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Sieglinde (decoy)
Sieglinde was a sonar decoy used during the Second World War by German U-boats.
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Silent Hunter III
Silent Hunter III is a submarine simulation developed by Ubisoft Bucharest and published by Ubisoft.
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Silver Line (shipping company)
The Silver Line was a shipping company formed in 1908, part of the British Merchant Navy.
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Simulation
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.
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Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.
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Sloop-of-war
In the 18th century and most of the 19th, a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns.
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Sonar
Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Squid (weapon)
Squid was a British World War II ship-mounted anti-submarine weapon.
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St Nazaire Raid
The St Nazaire Raid or Operation Chariot was a successful British amphibious attack on the heavily defended Normandie dry dock at St Nazaire in German-occupied France during the Second World War.
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St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
St.
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Stavanger
Stavanger is a city and municipality in Norway.
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Submarine
A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.
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Submarine pen
A submarine pen (U-Boot-Bunker in German) is a type of submarine base that acts as a bunker to protect submarines from air attack.
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Submarine snorkel
A submarine snorkel is a device which allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surface.
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Tallboy (bomb)
Tallboy, or Bomb, Medium Capacity, 12,000 lb, was an earthquake bomb developed by the British aeronautical engineer Barnes Wallis and used by the RAF during the Second World War.
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The Cruel Sea (1953 film)
The Cruel Sea is a 1953 British war film starring Jack Hawkins, Donald Sinden, Denholm Elliott, Stanley Baker, Liam Redmond, Virginia McKenna and Moira Lister.
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The Enemy Below
The Enemy Below is a 1957 DeLuxe Color war film in CinemaScope, which tells the story of the battle between the captain of an American destroyer escort and the commander of a German U-boat during World War II.
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Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake) or air (such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.
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Threat assessment
Threat Assessment is the practice of determining the credibility and seriousness of a potential threat, as well as the probability that the threat will become a reality.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic
This is a timeline for the Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945) in World War II.
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Tobermory, Mull
Tobermory (Tobar Mhoire) is the capital of, and the only burgh until 1973 on, the Isle of Mull in the Scottish Inner Hebrides.
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Tonnage war
A tonnage war is a military strategy aimed at merchant shipping.
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Torpedo
A modern torpedo is a self-propelled weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with its target or in proximity to it.
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Town-class destroyer
The Town-class destroyers were a group of destroyers transferred from the United States Navy to the Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy in exchange for military bases in the Bahamas and elsewhere, as outlined in the Destroyers for Bases Agreement between Britain and United States, signed on 2 September 1940.
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Type IX submarine
The Type IX U-boat was designed by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1935 and 1936 as a large ocean-going submarine for sustained operations far from the home support facilities.
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Type VII submarine
Type VII U-boats were the most common type of German World War II U-boat.
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Type XIV submarine
The Type XIV U-boat was a modification of the Type IXD, designed to resupply other U-boats, being the only Submarine tenders built which were not surface ships.
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Type XXI submarine
Type XXI U-boats were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot (German: "electric boat") submarines designed during the Second World War.
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Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboats to become operational.
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U-571 (film)
U-571 is a 2000 French-American war film about a World War II German submarine boarded by American submariners to capture her Enigma cipher machine.
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U-boat
U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".
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U-Boote westwärts!
U-Boote westwärts! (in English: U-boat Westward!) was a 1941 German war propaganda film promoting the Kriegsmarine.
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UG convoys
The UG convoys were a series of east-bound trans-Atlantic convoys from the '''U'''nited States to '''G'''ibraltar carrying food, ammunition, and military hardware to the United States Army in North Africa and southern Europe during World War II.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Merchant Marine
The United States Merchant Marine refers to either United States civilian mariners, or to U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels.
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United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
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Unrestricted submarine warfare
Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize rules (also known as "cruiser rules").
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Uruguay
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.
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Vargas Era
The Vargas Era (Portuguese: Era Vargas) is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was under the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas.
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Very high frequency
Very high frequency (VHF) is the ITU designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) from 30 to 300 megahertz (MHz), with corresponding wavelengths of ten to one meter.
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Vickers Wellington
The Vickers Wellington was a British twin-engined, long-range medium bomber.
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Victor Oehrn
Victor Otto Oehrn (21 October 1907 – 26 December 1997) was a Fregattenkapitän with the Kriegsmarine during World War II.
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Vidkun Quisling
Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer and politician who nominally headed the government of Norway during the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany during World War II.
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War film
War film is a film genre concerned with warfare, typically about naval, air, or land battles, with combat scenes central to the drama.
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Water landing
A water landing is, in the broadest sense, a landing on a body of water.
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West Africa
West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.
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West Indies
The West Indies or the Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago.
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Western Approaches
The Western Approaches is an approximately rectangular area of the Atlantic ocean lying immediately to the west of Ireland and parts of Great Britain.
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Western Approaches (film)
Western Approaches is a Technicolor 1944 docufiction film directed by Pat Jackson.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
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Wolfpack (naval tactic)
The term wolfpack refers to the mass-attack tactics against convoys used by German U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by submarines of the United States Navy against Japanese shipping in the Pacific Ocean in World War II.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Atlantic Battle, Atlantic Battle Climax, Atlantic Conveys, Atlantic War, Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945), Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945), Battle of the Atlantic (1940), Battle of the Atlantic (World War II), Battle of the North Atlantic, Battle of the atlantic, Battle of the north atlantic, Second Battle of the Atlantic, Second battle of the Atlantic, The Battle of the Atlantic, Third Battle of the Atlantic, War in the Atlantic, War of the Atlantic, World War II/Battle of the Atlantic.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic
