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35 relations: African Americans, Baltimore, Barr v. City of Columbia, Bouie v. City of Columbia, Certiorari, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil rights movement, Common law, Downtown Baltimore, Due process, Equal Protection Clause, Filibuster, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Griffin v. Maryland, List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 378, Majority opinion, Maryland, Maryland Court of Appeals, Public accommodations, Racial discrimination, Racial segregation in the United States, Racism in the United States, Remand (court procedure), Restaurant, Robert C. Murphy, Robert M. Bell, Robinson v. Florida, Sit-in, Sleep, State actor, Supreme Court of the United States, Trespass, United States Constitution, United States Senate, Vacated judgment.
African Americans
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.
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Baltimore
Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.
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Barr v. City of Columbia
Barr v. City of Columbia, 378 U.S. 146 (1964), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court reversed the convictions of five African Americans who were refused service at a lunch counter of a department store based upon a prior Court decision, holding that there was insufficient evidence to support a breach of peace conviction and that criminal trespass convictions would be reversed for the reasons stated in another case that was decided that same day, Bouie v. City of Columbia, 378 U.S. 347 (1964).
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Bouie v. City of Columbia
Bouie v. City of Columbia, 378 U.S. 347 (1964), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that due process prohibits retroactive application of any judicial construction of a criminal statute that is unexpected and indefensible by reference to the law which has been expressed prior to the conduct in issue.
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Certiorari
Certiorari, often abbreviated cert. in the United States, is a process for seeking judicial review and a writ issued by a court that agrees to review.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.
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Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.
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Downtown Baltimore
Downtown Baltimore is the central business district of Baltimore traditionally bounded by Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard to the west, Mt. Royal Avenue to the north, President Street to the east and the Inner Harbor area to the south.
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Due process
Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.
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Equal Protection Clause
The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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Filibuster
A filibuster is a political procedure where one or more members of parliament or congress debate over a proposed piece of legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision being made on the proposal.
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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.
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Griffin v. Maryland
Griffin v. Maryland,, was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the convictions of five African Americans who were arrested during a protest of a privately owned amusement park by a park employee who was also a deputy sheriff.
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List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 378
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 378 of the United States Reports.
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Majority opinion
In law, a majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Maryland Court of Appeals
The Court of Appeals of Maryland is the supreme court of the U.S. state of Maryland.
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Public accommodations
Public accommodations, in US law, are generally defined as facilities, both public and private, used by the public.
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Racial discrimination
Racial discrimination refers to discrimination against individuals on the basis of their race.
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Racial segregation in the United States
Racial segregation in the United States, as a general term, includes the segregation or separation of access to facilities, services, and opportunities such as housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation along racial lines.
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Racism in the United States
Racism in the United States against non-whites is widespread and has been so the colonial era.
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Remand (court procedure)
The remand court procedure is used by higher courts to send cases back to lower courts for further action.
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Restaurant
A restaurant, or an eatery, is a business which prepares and serves food and drinks to customers in exchange for money.
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Robert C. Murphy
Robert C. Murphy (October 9, 1926 – October 31, 2000) was a lawyer and jurist from Baltimore County, Maryland.
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Robert M. Bell
Robert Mack Bell (born July 6, 1943) is an American lawyer and jurist from Baltimore, Maryland.
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Robinson v. Florida
Robinson v. Florida, 378 U.S. 153 (1964), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the convictions of several white and African American persons who were refused service at a restaurant based upon a prior Court decision, holding that a Florida regulation requiring a restaurant that employed or served persons of both races to have separate lavatory rooms resulted in the state becoming entangled in racial discriminatory activity in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.
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Sleep
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings.
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State actor
In United States law, a state actor is a person who is acting on behalf of a governmental body, and is therefore subject to regulation under the United States Bill of Rights, including the First, Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, which prohibit the federal and state governments from violating certain rights and freedoms.
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Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.
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Trespass
Trespass is an area of criminal law or tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to chattels and trespass to land.
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United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.
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United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.
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Vacated judgment
A vacated judgment makes a previous legal judgment legally void.
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Redirects here:
378 U.S. 226, Bell v Maryland, Bell vs. Maryland.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_v._Maryland
