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144 relations: A. K. Fazlul Huq, Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury, Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar), Abdul Jabbar (activist), Abdul Malek Ukil, Abdul Matin (language activist), Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish, Abdus Salam (activist), Abul Barkat, Abul Kashem, Abul Mansur Ahmed, Agamee Prakashani, Akram Khan (politician), All-India Muslim League, Altab Ali Park, Altaf Mahmud, Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu, Apabhraṃśa, Arabic, Arabic alphabet, Arabic script, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Assam, Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan), Bangla Academy, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Awami League, Bangladesh Liberation War, Begum Rokeya, Bengal, Bengali language, Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley), Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum), Bengali Language Movement in India, Bengali renaissance, Bengalis, Bhasha Smritistambha, Bhupendra Kumar Datta, Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, Curzon Hall, Delhi Sultanate, Democracy, Devanagari, Dhaka, Dhirendranath Datta, Dominion of Ceylon, Dominion of India, Dominion of Pakistan, East Bengal, ..., East Pakistan, East Pakistan Provincial Assembly, Eastern Nagari script, Ekusher Gaan, Ekushey Book Fair, Ekushey Padak, Ekushey Television, Ethnic nationalism, Federal Public Service Commission, Fifth column, First language, Governor-General of Pakistan, Hamidur Rahman (artist), High Court Division, Hindi, Hindu, Hinduism, India, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-European languages, Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, International Mother Language Day, Islam in India, Islamic culture, Islamic feminism, Jibon Theke Neya, Karachi, Kazi Golam Mahbub, Khawaja Nazimuddin, Khwaja Salimullah, Kolkata, Language Movement Day, Liaquat Ali Khan, Lingua franca, London, Lucknow, M Sirajul Islam, Malik Ghulam Muhammad, Manoranjan Dhar, Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Moder Gorob, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Mohammad Toaha, Mughal Empire, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Munier Choudhury, Muslim, Narayanganj, Nastaʿlīq script, Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh, Nawabpur Road, Nurul Amin, Nurul Huq Bhuiyan, Official language, Oli Ahad, One Unit, Pakistan, Pali, Partition of India, Persian language, Post-independence Burma, 1948–62, Prakrit, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad, Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement, Shafiur Rahman, Shaheed Minar, Dhaka, Shamsul Huq, Shamsur Rahman (poet), Shawkat Ali, Shawkat Osman, Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod, Silchar, Six point movement, Sri Lanka, Suhrawardy Udyan, Sydney, Syed Ahmad Khan, Tamaddun Majlish, Tear gas, The Azad, Tripura, Turkic languages, Two-nation theory, UNESCO, United Front (East Pakistan), University of Dhaka, Unlawful assembly, Urdu, West Bengal, West Pakistan, Zahir Raihan. Expand index (94 more) »
A. K. Fazlul Huq
Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq (26 October 1873—27 April 1962); was a Bengali lawyer, legislator and statesman in the 20th century.
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Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury
Abdul Gaffar Choudhury (আবদুল গাফফার চৌধুরী; born 12 December 1934) is a Bangladeshi-born British writer, journalist, columnist, political analyst and poet.
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Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (আব্দুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী, 12 December 1880 – 17 November 1976), shortened as Maulana Bhashani was a popular Islamic scholar and political leader in British India (now Bangladesh).
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Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar)
Maulvi Abdul Haq (مولوی عبد الحق) (20 April 1870 – 16 August 1961) was a scholar and a linguist, whom some call Baba-e-Urdu (بابائے اردو) (Father of Urdu).
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Abdul Jabbar (activist)
Abdul Jabbar (October 1919February 21, 1952) was a protester who was killed during the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 that took place in the erstwhile East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh).
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Abdul Malek Ukil
Abdul Malek Ukil (আব্দুল মালেক উকিল) (1 October 192417 October 1987) was the former President of Bangladesh Awami League, Speaker of Parliament, Home Minister, Health Minister, a member of Parliament for many years and a lawyer of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
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Abdul Matin (language activist)
Abdul Matin (December 3, 1926 – October 8, 2014) was a language activist of the Bengali Language Movement that took place in the erstwhile East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh) to make Bengali one of the state language of Pakistan.
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Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish
Khondokar Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (মওলানা খোন্দকার আব্দুর রশীদ তর্কবাগীশ; 1900–1986) was a Bangladeshi politician and parliamentarian.
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Abdus Salam (activist)
Abdus Salam (27 November 1925 — 7 April 1952) was a demonstrator who died during the Bengali Language Movement demonstrations which took place in the erstwhile East Bengal (currently Bangladesh), Pakistan in 1952.
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Abul Barkat
Abul Barkat (আবুল বরকত) (June 16, 1927 – February 21, 1952) was a protester killed during the Bengali Language Movement protests which took place in the erstwhile East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh), in 1952.
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Abul Kashem
Mohammad Abul Kashem (known as Principal Abul Kashem, 28 June 1920 – 11 March 1991) is generally considered as a pioneer and the architect of the historic Language Movement of Bangladesh.
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Abul Mansur Ahmed
Abul Mansur Ahmed (3 September 1898 – 18 March 1979) was a Bangladeshi littérateur, politician and journalist.
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Agamee Prakashani
Agamee Prakashani (আগামী প্রকাশনী), based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a Publishing house.
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Akram Khan (politician)
Akram Khan (अकरम खान) (اکرم خان) (born 10 October 1970) is an Indian politician, a leader of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and the current Deputy Speaker of Haryana.
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All-India Muslim League
The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.
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Altab Ali Park
Altab Ali Park is a small park on Adler Street, White Church Lane and Whitechapel Road, London E1.
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Altaf Mahmud
Altaf Mahmud (আলতাফ মাহমুদ; December 23, 1933 – September 1971) was a musician, cultural activist, and martyred freedom fighter of the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
The Anti-Hindi imposition agitations of Tamil Nadu were a series of agitations that happened in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras State and part of Madras Presidency) during both pre- and post-Independence periods.
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Apabhraṃśa
Apabhranśa (अपभ्रंश,, Prakrit) is a term used by vyākaraṇin (grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to the dialects prevalent in the Ganges (east and west) before the rise of the modern languages.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الأَبْجَدِيَّة العَرَبِيَّة, or الحُرُوف العَرَبِيَّة) or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing Arabic.
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Arabic script
The Arabic script is the writing system used for writing Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa, such as Azerbaijani, Pashto, Persian, Kurdish, Lurish, Urdu, Mandinka, and others.
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Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was established as the Asiatic Society of Pakistan in Dhaka in 1952, and renamed in 1972.
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Assam
Assam is a state in Northeast India, situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.
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Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)
Mohammad Ayub Khan (محمد ایوب خان; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974),, was a Pakistani military dictator and the 2nd President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from 1st President through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969., Retrieved 25 August 2015 Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as chief of staff of Eastern Command in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native commander-in-chief of Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers., Retrieved 25 August 2015 From 1953–58, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958., Retrieved 27 August 2015 Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian President., Retrieved 25 August 2015 After appointing General Musa Khan as an army chief in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. His presidency saw the war with India in 1965 which ended with Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between two nations. At home front, the policy of privatisation and industrialization was introduced that made the country's economy as Asia's fastest-growing economies. During his tenure, several infrastructure programs were built that consisted the completion of hydroelectric stations, dams and reservoirs, as well as prioritizing the space program but reducing the nuclear deterrence. In 1965, Ayub Khan entered in a presidential race as PML candidate to counter the popular and famed non-partisan Fatima Jinnah and controversially reelected for the second term. He was faced with allegations of widespread intentional vote riggings, authorized political murders in Karachi, and the politics over the unpopular peace treaty with India which many Pakistanis considered an embarrassing compromise. In 1967, he was widely disapproved when the demonstrations across the country were led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto over the price hikes of food consumer products and, dramatically fell amid the popular uprising in East led by Mujibur Rahman in 1969. Forced to resign to avoid further protests while inviting army chief Yahya Khan to impose martial law for the second time, he fought a brief illness and died in 1974. His legacy remains mixed; he is credited with an ostensible economic prosperity and what supporters dub the "decade of development", but is criticized for beginning the first of the intelligence agencies' incursions into the national politics, for concentrating corrupt wealth in a few hands, and segregated policies that later led to the breaking-up of nation's unity that resulted in the creation of Bangladesh., Retrieved 25 August 2015.
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Bangla Academy
The Bangla Academy is Bangladesh's national language authority, established in 1955.
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Bangladesh
Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.
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Bangladesh Awami League
The Bangladesh Awami League (BAL) (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; translated from Urdu: Bangladesh People's League), often simply called the Awami League or AL, is one of the two major political parties of Bangladesh.
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Bangladesh Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.
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Begum Rokeya
Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (বেগম রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন; 9 December 1880 – 9 December 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya, was a Bengali writer, thinker, educationist, social activist, advocate of women's rights, and widely regarded as the pioneer of women's education in the Indian subcontinent during the time of the British rule.
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Bengal
Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
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Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia.
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Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)
The Bengali Language Movement in Barak Valley, Assam was a protest against the decision of the Government of Assam to make Assamese the only official language of the state even though a significant proportion of population were Bengali people.
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Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
The Bengali Language Movement in Manbhum was a movement in Manbhum district, present day Purulia district of West Bengal state, during the late 1940s to mid-1950s, to fight for Bengali language and to protest against the forcible imposition of Hindi language to the Bengali speaking people.
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Bengali Language Movement in India
The Bengali Language Movement is a campaign to preserve Bengali language and Bengalis culture in India.
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Bengali renaissance
The Bengali renaissance or simply Bengal renaissance, (বাংলার নবজাগরণ; Bānglār nabajāgaraṇ) was a cultural, social, intellectual and artistic movement in Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent during the period of the British Indian Empire, from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.
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Bengalis
Bengalis (বাঙালি), also rendered as the Bengali people, Bangalis and Bangalees, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and nation native to the region of Bengal in the Indian subcontinent, which is presently divided between most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Jharkhand.
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Bhasha Smritistambha
The Bhasha Smritistambha (ভাষা স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ, Language Monument), located at Deshapriya Park, Kolkata, is a memorial dedicated to the Bengali language authors and the martyrs of language movements of Dhaka and Silchar.
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Bhupendra Kumar Datta
Bhupendra Kumar Dutta (ভূপেন্দ্র কুমার দত্ত; 8 October 1892 – 29 December 1979) was an Indian freedom fighter and a revolutionary who fought for Indian independence from British rule.
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Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (পাকিস্তান্ গণপরিষদ্ Pākistān Gaṇapariṣad; آئین ساز اسمبلی, Aāin Sāz Asimblī.), was formed to write Pakistan's constitution and serve as its first parliament.
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Curzon Hall
The Curzon Hall is a British Raj-era building and home of the Faculty of Science at the University of Dhaka.
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Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).
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Democracy
Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.
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Devanagari
Devanagari (देवनागरी,, a compound of "''deva''" देव and "''nāgarī''" नागरी; Hindi pronunciation), also called Nagari (Nāgarī, नागरी),Kathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group,, page 83 is an abugida (alphasyllabary) used in India and Nepal.
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Dhaka
Dhaka (or; ঢাকা); formerly known as Dacca is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.
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Dhirendranath Datta
Dhirendranath Datta (2 November 1886 – disappeared 29 March 1971) was a Bengali lawyer by profession who was also active in the politics of undivided Bengal in pre-partition India, and later in East Pakistan (1947–1971).
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Dominion of Ceylon
Between 1948 and 1972, CeylonThe Sri Lanka Independence Act 1947 uses the name "Ceylon" for the new dominion; nowhere does that Act use the term "Dominion of Ceylon", which although sometimes used was not the official name.
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Dominion of India
Between gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947 and the proclamation of a republic on 26 January 1950, India was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations with king George VI as its head of state.
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Dominion of Pakistan
Pakistan (পাকিস্তান অধিরাজ্য; مملکتِ پاکستان), also called the Dominion of Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in South Asia that was established in 1947 as a result of the Pakistan movement, followed by the simultaneous partition of British India to create a new country called Pakistan.
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East Bengal
East Bengal (পূর্ব বাংলা Purbô Bangla) was a geographically noncontiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan covering Bangladesh.
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East Pakistan
East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.
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East Pakistan Provincial Assembly
The East Pakistan Provincial Assembly, known as the East Bengal Legislative Assembly between 1947 and 1955, was the legislature of Bangladesh when the country was a province of Pakistan as East Bengal (1947-1955) and East Pakistan (1955-1971).
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Eastern Nagari script
Eastern Nagari script, Assamese script, Bengali script, Assamese-Bengali script or Purbi script is the basis of the Assamese alphabet and the Bengali alphabet.
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Ekusher Gaan
Ekusher Gaan (একুশের গান "The Song of Twentyfirst"), more popularly known (after its first line) as Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano (আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো "My Brothers' Blood Spattered") is a Bengali song written by Abdul Gaffar Choudhury to mark the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 East Pakistan.
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Ekushey Book Fair
The Ekushey Book Fair or Amar Ekushe Grantha Melā (lit), popularly known as Ekushey Boi Mela (একুশে বই মেলা) is the national book fair of Bangladesh.
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Ekushey Padak
Ekushey Padak (একুশে পদক; lit: "Twentyfirst Award") is the second highest civilian award in Bangladesh, introduced in memory of the martyrs of the Bengali Language Movement of 1952.
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Ekushey Television
Ekushey Television (ETV) (একুশে টেলিভিশন) is a private satellite television channel in Bangladesh.
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Ethnic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity.
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Federal Public Service Commission
The Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) is a federal agency of Government of Pakistan that is responsible for recruiting civil servants and bureaucrats for Government of Pakistan.
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Fifth column
A fifth column is any group of people who undermine a larger group from within, usually in favour of an enemy group or nation.
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First language
A first language, native language or mother/father/parent tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.
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Governor-General of Pakistan
The Governor-General of Pakistan (گورنر جنرل پاکستان), was the representative in Pakistan of the British monarch, from the country's independence in 1947.
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Hamidur Rahman (artist)
Hamidur Rahman (হামিদুর রহমান; 1928 - 19 November 1988) was a Bangladeshi artist and sculptor.
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High Court Division
The High Court Division (উচ্চ আদালত বিভাগ —) also known as High Court is the lower division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the upper being the Appellate Division.
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Hindi
Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan or Indic languages are the dominant language family of the Indian subcontinent.
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Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.
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Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Iranian languages or Indo-Iranic languages, or Aryan languages, constitute the largest and easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European language family.
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.
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International Mother Language Day
International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is a worldwide annual observance held on 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and promote multilingualism.
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Islam in India
Islam is the second largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or roughly 172 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2011 census) as an ethnoreligious group.
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Islamic culture
Islamic culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe the cultural practices common to historically Islamic people -- i.e., the culture of the Islamicate.
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Islamic feminism
A combination of Islam and feminism has been advocated as "a feminist discourse and practice articulated within an Islamic paradigm" by Margot Badran in 2002.
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Jibon Theke Neya
Jeebon Theke Neya (জীবন থেকে নেয়া) is a 1970 Bengali-language film directed by Zahir Raihan.
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Karachi
Karachi (کراچی; ALA-LC:,; ڪراچي) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh.
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Kazi Golam Mahbub
Kazi Golam Mahbub (23 December 1927 – 19 March 2006) was a Bangladeshi activist and politician.
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Khawaja Nazimuddin
Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin(خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین; খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964),, was a Bengali politician, conservative figure, and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan.
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Khwaja Salimullah
Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur (1871–1915) was the fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during the British Raj.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Language Movement Day
Language Movement Day or Language Revolution Day or Bengali Language Movement Day (ভাষা আন্দোলন দিবস Bhasha Andolôn Dibôs), which is also referred to as Language Martyrs' Day or Martyrs' Day (শহীদ দিবস Shôhid Dibôs), is a national day of Bangladesh to commemorate protests and sacrifices to protect Bengali as a national language during Bengali Language Movement of 1952.
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Liaquat Ali Khan
Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (Næʍābzādāh Liāqat Alī Khān,لِیاقت علی خان; born October 1895 – 16 October 1951), widely known as Quaid-e-Millat (Leader of the Nation) and Shaheed-e-Millat (شہِیدِ مِلّت Martyr of the Nation), was one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan, statesman, lawyer, and political theorist who became and served as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan; in addition, he also held cabinet portfolio as the first foreign, defence, and the frontier regions minister from 1947 until his assassination in 1951.
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Lingua franca
A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous District and Division.
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M Sirajul Islam
M Sirajul Islam was a businessman and Awami League politician.
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Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad (ملک غلام محمد 20 April 1895– 29 August 1956), was a Pakistani financier who served as the third Governor-General of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity in 1951 until being dismissed in 1955 due to health conditions.
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Manoranjan Dhar
Manoranjan Dhar (21 February 1904 – 22 June 2000) was a Bangladeshi politician and diplomat.
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Middle Indo-Aryan languages
The Middle Indo-Aryan languages (or Middle Indic languages, sometimes conflated with the Prakrits, which are a stage of Middle Indic) are a historical group of languages of the Indo-Aryan family.
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Moder Gorob
Moder Gorob or Our Pride is a sculpture situated in front of Bangla Academy building in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Mohammad Ali Bogra
Sahibzada Mohammad Ali Bogra (মোহাম্মদ আলী বগুড়া); (19 October 1909 – 23 January 1963), also sometimes known as Mohammad Ali of Bogra, was a Bengali politician, statesman, and a career diplomat who served as third Prime Minister of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity in 1953 until he stepped down in 1955 in favor of Finance Minister Muhammad Ali.
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Mohammad Toaha
Mohammad Toaha (2 January 1922 – 29 November 1987) was a language activist of the 1952 language movement and a prominent left wing politician from Bangladesh.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.
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Munier Choudhury
Munier Choudhury (27 November 192514 December 1971) was a Bangladeshi educationist, playwright, literary critic and political dissident.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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Narayanganj
Narayanganj (নারায়ণগঞ্জ Naraeongônj) is a city in central Bangladesh.
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Nastaʿlīq script
Nastaʿlīq (نستعلیق, from نسخ Naskh and تعلیق Taʿlīq) is one of the main calligraphic hands used in writing the Persian alphabet, and traditionally the predominant style in Persian calligraphy.
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Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh
Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh or Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Maulvi, real name Mushtaq Hussain Zuberi (1841 AD- 1917 AD) born in the Meerut on 24 March 1841, was a Muslim politician and one of the founders of All India Muslim League.
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Nawabpur Road
Nawabpur Road is a road in Old Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and is associated with the Shankhari and Gulistan bazaars.
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Nurul Amin
Nurul Amin (English IPA:nʊɾul əmin, নূরুল আমীন, نورالامین; 1893–1974), referred to as the Patriot of Pakistan, was a prominent Pakistani leader, and a jurist.
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Nurul Huq Bhuiyan
Nurul Haque Bhuiyan was a Bengali activist.
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Official language
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.
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Oli Ahad
Oli Ahad (– 20 October 2012) was a Bangladeshi politician and language activist of the Language Movement.
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One Unit
The One Unit (ایک وحدت) was a geopolitical program launched by the government of Pakistan led by then-Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra on 22 November 1954.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Pali
Pali, or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Partition of India
The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
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Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
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Post-independence Burma, 1948–62
During the first years of post-independence Burma, insurgencies by the Red Flag Communists led by Thakin Soe, the White Flag Communists led by Thakin Than Tun, the Yèbaw Hpyu (White-band PVO) led by Bo La Yaung, a member of the Thirty Comrades, army rebels calling themselves the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut – all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades, Arakanese, and the Karen National Union (KNU).
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Prakrit
The Prakrits (प्राकृत; pāuda; pāua) are any of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages formerly spoken in India.
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Presidencies and provinces of British India
The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.
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Rafiq Uddin Ahmed
Rafiq Uddin Ahmed (রফিক উদ্দীন আহমেদ) (30 October 1926 – 21 February 1952) was a protester killed during the Bengali Language Movement that took place in East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh) in 1952.
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Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad
The Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad (National Language Action Committee) was an organisation founded by Bengali politicians and intellectuals to agitate for the recognition of the Bengali language by the Government of Pakistan.
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Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement
There were not many political parties at the time of Bengali Language Movement.
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Shafiur Rahman
Shafiur Rahman (শফিউর রহমান) (24 January 1918 – 22 February 1952) is considered in Bangladesh to be a martyr of the language movement which took place in the former East Pakistan.
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Shaheed Minar, Dhaka
The Shaheed Minar (শহীদ মিনার Shohid Minar lit. "Martyr Monument") is a national monument in Dhaka, Bangladesh, established to commemorate those killed during the Bengali Language Movement demonstrations of 1952 in then East Pakistan.
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Shamsul Huq
Shamsul Huq was a Bengali politician who led a parliamentary committee in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan to advocate for the recognition of the Bengali language during the Language movement of the 1950s.
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Shamsur Rahman (poet)
Shamsur Rahman (23 October 1929 – 17 August 2006) was a Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist.
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Shawkat Ali
Shawkat Ali (April 20, 1918 – August 18, 1975) was a politician and a leader of the Bengali Language Movement.
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Shawkat Osman
Sheikh Azizur Rahman (2 January 1917 – 14 May 1998; known as Shawkat Osman) was a Bangladeshi novelist and short story writer.
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Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod
The Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod (All-Parties Central Language Action Committee) was the leading political organisation in the Bengali Language Movement of East Bengal.
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Silchar
Silchar is the headquarters of Cachar district in the state of Assam in India.
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Six point movement
The Six Point Movement was a movement in East Pakistan, spearheaded by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which called for greater autonomy for East Pakistan.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Suhrawardy Udyan
Suhrawardy Udyan (সোহরাওয়ার্দী উদ্যান) formerly known as Ramna Race Course ground is a national memorial located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Sydney
Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.
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Syed Ahmad Khan
Syed Ahmad Taqvi bin Syed Muhammad Muttaqi KCSI (سید احمد خان.; 17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), commonly known as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformist, philosopher of nineteenth century British India and the first who named the term "Two Nation theory" to the theory of separate nation of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Born into a family with strong ties with Mughal court, Syed studied the Quran and sciences within the court. He was awarded honorary LLD from the University of Edinburgh. In 1838, Syed Ahmad entered the service of East India Company and went on to become a judge at a Small Causes Court in 1867, and retired from service in 1876. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he remained, loyal to the British Empire and was noted for his actions in saving European lives.Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, (2001) After the rebellion, he penned the booklet ''The Causes of the Indian Mutiny'' – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. Believing that the future of Muslims was threatened by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western–style scientific education by founding modern schools and journals and organising Muslim entrepreneurs. In 1859, Syed established Gulshan School at Muradabad, Victoria School at Ghazipur in 1863, and a scientific society for Muslims in 1864. In 1875, founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, the first Muslim university in South Asia. During his career, Syed repeatedly called upon Muslims to loyally serve the British Empire and promoted the adoption of Urdu as the lingua franca of all Indian Muslims. Syed heavily critiqued the Indian National Congress. Syed maintains a strong legacy in Pakistan and Indian Muslims. He strongly influenced other Muslim leaders including Allama Iqbal and Jinnah. His advocacy of Islam's rationalist (Muʿtazila) tradition, and at broader, radical reinterpretation of the Quran to make it compatible with science and modernity, continues to influence the global Islamic reformation. Many universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Sir Syed's name. Aligarh Muslim University celebrated his 200th birth centenary with much enthusiasm on 17 October 2017. Former President of India shri Pranab Mukherjee was the chief guest.
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Tamaddun Majlish
Tamaddun Majlish (or Pakistan Tamaddun Majlish) (তমদ্দুন মজলিশ) is an Islamic cultural organization in Bangladesh, established in 1947 by Principal Abul Kashem in erstwhile East Pakistan.
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Tear gas
Tear gas, formally known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (from the Latin lacrima, meaning "tear"), sometimes colloquially known as mace,"Mace" is a brand name for a tear gas spray is a chemical weapon that causes severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and even blindness.
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The Azad
The Azad (আজাদ) was a Bengali-language daily newspaper published from 1936 to 1992.
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Tripura
Tripura 'ত্রিপুরা (Bengali)' is a state in Northeast India.
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Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and West Asia all the way to North Asia (particularly in Siberia) and East Asia (including the Far East).
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Two-nation theory
The two-nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.
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United Front (East Pakistan)
The United Front was a coalition of political parties in East Bengal which contested and won Pakistan's first provincial general election to the East Bengal Legislative Assembly.
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University of Dhaka
The University of Dhaka (ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, also known as Dhaka University or simply DU) is the oldest university in modern Bangladesh.
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Unlawful assembly
Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace.
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Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.
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West Bengal
West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.
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West Pakistan
West Pakistan (مغربی پاکستان,; পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.
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Zahir Raihan
Zahir Raihan (19 August 1935 – disappeared 30 January 1972) was a Bangladeshi novelist, writer and filmmaker.
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Redirects here:
1952 language movement, Bangla Language Movement, Bangla language movement, Bangladesh Language Movement, Bengali Language Movement, Bengali language movement, Bengali language movment, Ekushe february, Ekushey February, Language movement, Language movement of 1952, Language movment, The Language Movement.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Movement
