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Benthos

Index Benthos

Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone. [1]

92 relations: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Abyssal zone, Algae, Ammonia tepida, Amoeba, Amphipoda, Aphotic zone, Ascidiacea, Atmosphere (unit), Bacteria, Benthic zone, Bioirrigation, Bivalvia, Body of water, Bottom feeder, Brittle star, California sheephead, Cephalopod, Chironomidae, Chiton, Ciliate, Clam, Community (ecology), Continental shelf, Copepod, Coral, Crab, Crustacean, Cumacea, Deep sea, Deep sea community, Deep sea mining, Demersal fish, Depositional environment, Detritivore, Detritus, Diatom, Dragonet, Echinoderm, English words of Greek origin, Ernst Haeckel, Filter feeder, Fish, Flagellate, Food chain, Foraminifera, Freshwater biology, Gastrotrich, Human, Hypsibius dujardini, ..., Intertidal ecology, Intertidal zone, Littoral zone, Lobster, Meiobenthos, Nekton, Nematode, Neritic zone, Nudibranch, Organism, Ostracod, Oxygenation (environmental), Oyster, Pelagic zone, Photic zone, Photosynthesis, Plankton, Pleuston, Polychaete, Profundal zone, Rock cod, Rotaliida, Sand dollar, Scavenger, Sea anemone, Sea cucumber, Sea pen, Sea snail, Seabed, Seagrass, Seaweed, Sediment Profile Imagery, Snail, Sponge, Starfish, Stentor roeselii, Stream bed, Tardigrade, Tide pool, Turbellaria, University of Salzburg, Water column. Expand index (42 more) »

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way in which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom.

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Abyssal zone

The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean.

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Algae

Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.

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Ammonia tepida

Ammonia tepida is a benthic foraminifer living in the sediment of brackish waters.

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Amoeba

An amoeba (rarely spelled amœba, US English spelled ameba; plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae), often called amoeboid, is a type of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.

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Amphipoda

Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies.

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Aphotic zone

The aphotic zone (aphotic from Greek prefix ἀ- + φῶς "without light") is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight.

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Ascidiacea

Ascidiacea (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders.

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Atmosphere (unit)

The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Benthic zone

The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.

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Bioirrigation

Bioirrigation refers to the process of benthic organisms flushing their burrows with overlying water.

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Bivalvia

Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.

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Body of water

A body of water or waterbody (often spelled water body) is any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface.

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Bottom feeder

A bottom feeder is an aquatic animal that feeds on or near the bottom of a body of water.

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Brittle star

Brittle stars or ophiuroids are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea closely related to starfish.

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California sheephead

The California sheep head (Semicossyphus pulcher) is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Pacific Ocean.

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Cephalopod

A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδα, kephalópoda; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus or nautilus.

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Chironomidae

The Chironomidae (informally known as chironomids, nonbiting midges, or lake flies) comprise a families of nematoceran flies with a global distribution.

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Chiton

Chitons are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora, formerly known as Amphineura.

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Ciliate

The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.

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Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs.

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Community (ecology)

In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis The term community has a variety of uses.

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Continental shelf

The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea.

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Copepod

Copepods (meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat.

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Coral

Corals are marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria.

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Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (translit.

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Crustacean

Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.

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Cumacea

Cumacea is an order of small marine crustaceans of the superorder Peracarida, occasionally called hooded shrimp or comma shrimp.

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Deep sea

The deep sea or deep layer is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more.

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Deep sea community

A deep sea community is any community of organisms associated by a shared habitat in the deep sea.

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Deep sea mining

Deep sea mining is a relatively new mineral retrieval process that takes place on the ocean floor.

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Demersal fish

Demersal fish live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone).

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Depositional environment

In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record.

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Detritivore

Detritivores, also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).

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Detritus

In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material).

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Diatom

Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.

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Dragonet

Dragonets are small, perciform, marine fish of the diverse family Callionymidae (from the Greek kallis, "beautiful" and onyma, "name") found mainly in the tropical waters of the western Indo-Pacific.

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Echinoderm

Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals.

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English words of Greek origin

The Greek language has contributed to the English vocabulary in five main ways.

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Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.

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Filter feeder

Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure.

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Fish

Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.

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Flagellate

A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.

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Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).

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Foraminifera

Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.

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Freshwater biology

Freshwater biology is the scientific biological study of freshwater ecosystems and is a branch of limnology.

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Gastrotrich

The gastrotrichs (phylum Gastrotricha), commonly referred to as hairybacks, are a group of microscopic (0.06-3.0 mm), worm-like, pseudocoelomate animals, and are widely distributed and abundant in freshwater and marine environments.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Hypsibius dujardini

Hypsibius dujardini is a species of tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada.

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Intertidal ecology

Intertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines.

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Intertidal zone

The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore and sometimes referred to as the littoral zone, is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (in other words, the area between tide marks).

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Littoral zone

The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.

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Lobster

Lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans.

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Meiobenthos

Meiobenthos, also called meiofauna, are small benthic invertebrates that live in both marine and fresh water environments.

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Nekton

Nekton or necton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water.

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Nematode

The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).

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Neritic zone

The neritic zone is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately in depth.

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Nudibranch

Nudibranchs are a group of soft-bodied, marine gastropod molluscs which shed their shells after their larval stage.

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Organism

In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.

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Ostracod

Ostracods, or ostracodes, are a class of the Crustacea (class Ostracoda), sometimes known as seed shrimp.

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Oxygenation (environmental)

Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem.

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Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.

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Pelagic zone

The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth.

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Photic zone

The photic zone, euphotic zone (Greek for "well lit": εὖ "well" + φῶς "light"), or sunlight or (sunlit) zone is the uppermost layer of water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to intense sunlight.

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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).

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Plankton

Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.

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Pleuston

The water strider, a common pleuston Pleuston are the organisms that live in the thin surface layer existing at the air-water interface of a body of water as their habitat.

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Polychaete

The Polychaeta, also known as the bristle worms or polychaetes, are a paraphyletic class of annelid worms, generally marine.

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Profundal zone

The profundal zone is a deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration.

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Rock cod

The rock cod (Lotella rhacina) is a temperate fish found off the coasts of southeastern Australia, Tasmania, the Great Australian Bight and northwards up the south western Australia coasts.

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Rotaliida

The Rotallida are an order of Foraminifera, characterized by multilocular tests (shells) composed of bilammelar perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that may be optically radial or granular.

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Sand dollar

The term sand dollar (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) refers to species of extremely flattened, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida.

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Scavenger

Scavenging is both a carnivorous and a herbivorous feeding behavior in which the scavenger feeds on dead animal and plant material present in its habitat.

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Sea anemone

Sea anemones are a group of marine, predatory animals of the order Actiniaria.

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Sea cucumber

Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea.

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Sea pen

Sea pens are colonial marine cnidarians belonging to the order Pennatulacea.

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Sea snail

Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in saltwater, in other words marine gastropods.

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Seabed

The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean.

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Seagrass

Seagrasses are flowering plants (angiosperms) belonging to four families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the order Alismatales (in the class of monocotyledons), which grow in marine, fully saline environments.

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Seaweed

Seaweed or macroalgae refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.

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Sediment Profile Imagery

Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI) is an underwater technique for photographing the interface between the seabed and the overlying water.

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Snail

Snail is a common name loosely applied to shelled gastropods.

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Sponge

Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal Metazoa clade as sister of the Diploblasts.

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Starfish

Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.

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Stentor roeselii

Stentor roeselii is a free-living ciliate species of the genus Stentor, in the class Heterotrichea.

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Stream bed

A stream bed is the channel bottom of a stream or river, the physical confine of the normal water flow.

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Tardigrade

Tardigrades (also known colloquially as water bears, or moss piglets) are water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals.

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Tide pool

Tide pools or rock pools are shallow pools of seawater that form on the rocky intertidal shore.

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Turbellaria

The Turbellaria are one of the traditional sub-divisions of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms), and include all the sub-groups that are not exclusively parasitic.

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University of Salzburg

The University of Salzburg, also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, PLUS), named after its founder, Prince-Archbishop Paris Lodron, is a public university located in Salzburg city, Austria.

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Water column

A water column is a conceptual column of water from the surface of a sea, river or lake to the bottom sediment.

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Benthic animal, Benthic fauna, Benthic macroinvertebrates, Benthic organism, Benthic organisms, Benthon, Benthophage, Benthophagous, Epibenthos, Microbenthos, Zoobenthos.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthos

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