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Hybrid vehicle

Index Hybrid vehicle

A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion engine to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, e.g. in diesel-electric trains using diesel engines to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, and submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged. [1]

194 relations: AFS Trinity, All-electric range, Alternative fuel vehicle, American Council of the Blind, Anciens Etablissements Pieper, Atkinson cycle, Autogas, Automobile handling, Automotive aerodynamics, Autorail à grande capacité, BAS Hybrid, Battery electric vehicle, Bi-fuel vehicle, Bicycle, Biofuel, Bivalent (engine), BMW i3, BNSF Railway, Bob Lutz (businessman), Bombardier Transportation, British thermal unit, Brushless DC electric motor, Butanol fuel, Canadian Pacific Railway, Chainless bicycle, Charge-depleting, Chevrolet Volt, Citroën C3, Coal, Combustibility and flammability, Compressed natural gas, Compressed-air vehicle, Condé Nast, Conduit current collection, Container crane, Cycling, Diesel engine, Diesel fuel, Diesel locomotive, Diesel–electric transmission, Drag (physics), Driving cycle, Dual-mode bus, Dual-mode vehicle, Dysprosium, Efficient energy use, Electric battery, Electric bicycle, Electric generator, Electric motor, ..., Electric skateboard, Electric vehicle, Electric vehicle battery, Electric vehicle warning sounds, Electromagnetic field, Energy economics, Energy efficiency in transport, Energy recovery, Epicyclic gearing, Ethanol, FedEx, Ferdinand Porsche, Fisker Karma, Flexible-fuel vehicle, Flywheel energy storage, Ford Escape, Ford Expedition, Fossil fuel, Fuel, Fuel efficiency, Gas turbine, Gasoline, General Electric, General Motors, Geneva Motor Show, Global Hybrid Cooperation, Global warming, Greenwashing, Ground propulsion, Groupe PSA, Hoidas Lake, Honda Accord (North America seventh generation), Honda Civic, Honda Civic Hybrid, Honda Clarity, Honda CR-Z, Honda Fit, Honda Insight, Human-electric hybrid vehicle, Human-powered transport, Humvee, Hybrid electric vehicle, Hybrid Synergy Drive, Hybrid train, Hybrid vehicle drivetrain, Hydraulic accumulator, Hydraulic hybrid vehicle, Hydraulic machinery, Hydraulics, Hydrogen vehicle, Hyundai ix35 FCEV, Hyundai Sonata, Infrared homing, Internal combustion engine, Kansas City Southern Railway, KiHa E200, Lead–acid battery, Leitra, Lexus CT, Lexus RX, Liquefied petroleum gas, List of hybrid vehicles, Lithium-ion battery, Locomotive, Lohner-Porsche, Matrai, Memory effect, Methanol, Mild hybrid, Molten-salt battery, Moped, Motor Development International, Motorized bicycle, Motorized scooter, Mount Weld, Multi-fuel stove, Natural gas, Neodymium, Nissan Leaf, Otto cycle, Overhead line, Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, Personal rapid transit, Plug-in hybrid, Pneumatics, Power kite, Powertrain, Public transport, Quadracycle, Radio wave, Railpower GG20B, Railpower Technologies, Railway electrification system, Range extender (vehicle), Rare-earth element, Regenerative brake, Revolutions per minute, Roadway noise, Robert Bosch GmbH, Rolling resistance, Rowing, Rubber tyred gantry crane, Sail, Sailboat, Saturn Vue, Sinclair C5, SkySails, Smart Fortwo, Solar vehicle, Solid oxide fuel cell, Stealth technology, Steam engine, Submarine, Supercapacitor, Suzuki SX4, Suzuki Wagon R, Switcher, Tata Motors, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Times of India, Third rail, Tire, Toyota, Toyota Camry, Toyota Prius, Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Toyota Prius V, Toyota Yaris, Tram, Tricycle, Triple-hybrid, Trolleybus, Turbo-electric transmission, Twike, Union Pacific Railroad, United Parcel Service, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Vegetable oil fuel, Volkswagen Beetle, Wheel hub motor, Win-win game, Wired (magazine), Wood, 3D printing. Expand index (144 more) »

AFS Trinity

AFS Trinity Power Corporation is an American corporation headquartered in Medina, WA with an engineering center in Livermore, CA that develops technology for plug-in hybrids.

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All-electric range

All-electric range (AER) is the driving range of a vehicle using only power from its electric battery pack to traverse a given driving cycle.

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Alternative fuel vehicle

An alternative fuel vehicle is a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (petrol or Diesel fuel); and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (e.g. electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, solar powered).

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American Council of the Blind

The American Council of the Blind (ACB) is a nationwide organization in the United States.

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Anciens Etablissements Pieper

Anciens Etablissements Pieper is a Belgian arms manufacturer established under the name Henri Pieper in Herstal, Belgium in 1884 (some sources use 1866), by Henri Pieper.

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Atkinson cycle

The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882.

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Autogas

Autogas is the common name for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) when it is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles as well as in stationary applications such as generators.

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Automobile handling

Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver, as well as how it moves along a track or road.

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Automotive aerodynamics

Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles.

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Autorail à grande capacité

The Autorail à Grande Capacité (literally, high-capacity railcar) is a category of multiple unit train built at Bombardier Transportation's plant in Crespin for the French rail operator SNCF.

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BAS Hybrid

BAS is an acronym for belted alternator starter.

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Battery electric vehicle

A battery electric vehicle (BEV), or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs.

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Bi-fuel vehicle

Bi-fuel vehicles, also known as dual fuel vehicles, are vehicles with multifuel engines capable of running on two fuels.

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Bicycle

A bicycle, also called a cycle or bike, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other.

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Biofuel

A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.

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Bivalent (engine)

A bivalent engine is an engine that can use two different types of fuel.

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BMW i3

The BMW i3 is a B-class, high-roof hatchback manufactured and marketed by BMW with an electric powertrain using rear wheel drive via a single-speed transmission.

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BNSF Railway

The BNSF Railway Company is the largest freight railroad network in North America, followed by the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) in second place, its primary competitor for Western U.S. freight.

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Bob Lutz (businessman)

Robert Anthony Lutz (born February 12, 1932) is a Swiss American automotive executive.

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Bombardier Transportation

Bombardier Transportation is the rail equipment division of the Canadian firm Bombardier Inc. Bombardier Transportation is one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry.

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British thermal unit

The British thermal unit (Btu or BTU) is a traditional unit of heat; it is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

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Brushless DC electric motor

Brushless DC electric motor (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors), or synchronous DC motors, are synchronous motors powered by DC electricity via an inverter or switching power supply which produces an AC electric current to drive each phase of the motor via a closed loop controller.

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Butanol fuel

Butanol may be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine.

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Canadian Pacific Railway

The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881.

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Chainless bicycle

A chainless bicycle is a bicycle that transmits power to the driven wheel through a mechanism other than a metal chain.

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Charge-depleting

Charge-depleting or EV mode refers to a mode of vehicle operation that is dependent on the energy from the battery pack.

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Chevrolet Volt

The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Buick Velite 5 in China, Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe.

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Citroën C3

The Citroën C3 is a supermini car produced by Citroën since April 2002.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Combustibility and flammability

Flammable materials are those that ignite more easily than other materials, whereas those that are harder to ignite or burn less vigorously are combustible.

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Compressed natural gas

Compressed natural gas (CNG) (methane stored at high pressure) is a fuel which can be used in place of gasoline (petrol), Diesel fuel and propane/LPG.

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Compressed-air vehicle

A compressed-air vehicle (CAV) is a transport mechanism fueled by tanks of pressurized atmospheric gas and propelled by the release and expansion of the gas within a Pneumatic motor.

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Condé Nast

Condé Nast Inc. is an American mass media company founded in 1909 by Condé Montrose Nast, based at One World Trade Center and owned by Advance Publications.

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Conduit current collection

Conduit current collection is a system of electric current collection used by electric tramways, where the power supply was carried in a 'conduit' under the roadway.

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Container crane

A container crane (also container handling gantry crane or ship-to-shore crane) is a type of large dockside gantry crane found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships.

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Cycling

Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport.

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Diesel engine

The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression (adiabatic compression).

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Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

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Diesel locomotive

A diesel locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engine.

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Diesel–electric transmission

A diesel–electric transmission, or diesel–electric powertrain, is used by a number of vehicle and ship types for providing locomotion.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Driving cycle

A driving cycle is a series of data points representing the speed of a vehicle versus time.

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Dual-mode bus

A dual-mode bus is a bus that can run independently on power from two different sources, typically electricity from overhead lines (in the same way as trolleybuses) or batteries, alternated with conventional fossil fuel (generally diesel fuel).

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Dual-mode vehicle

A dual-mode vehicle is a vehicle that can run on conventional road surfaces or a dedicated track known as a "guideway".

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Dysprosium

Dysprosium is a chemical element with symbol Dy and atomic number 66.

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Efficient energy use

Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services.

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Electric battery

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars.

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Electric bicycle

An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike, powerbike or booster bike, is a bicycle with an integrated electric motor which can be used for propulsion.

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Electric generator

In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit.

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Electric motor

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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Electric skateboard

An electric skateboard is a personal transporter based on a skateboard.

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Electric vehicle

An electric vehicle, also called an EV, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.

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Electric vehicle battery

An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) or traction battery is a battery used to power the propulsion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs).

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Electric vehicle warning sounds

Electric vehicle warning sounds are a series of sounds designed to alert pedestrians to the presence of electric drive vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and all-electric vehicles (EVs) travelling at low speeds.

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Electromagnetic field

An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects.

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Energy economics

Energy economics is a broad scientific subject area which includes topics related to supply and use of energy in societies.

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Energy efficiency in transport

The energy efficiency in transport is the useful travelled distance, of passengers, goods or any type of load; divided by the total energy put into the transport propulsion means.

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Energy recovery

Energy recovery includes any technique or method of minimizing the input of energy to an overall system by the exchange of energy from one sub-system of the overall system with another.

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Epicyclic gearing

An epicyclic gear train (also known as planetary gear) consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear revolves around the center of the other.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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FedEx

FedEx Corporation is an American multinational courier delivery services company headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee.

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Ferdinand Porsche

Ferdinand Porsche (3 September 1875 – 30 January 1951) was an automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche car company.

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Fisker Karma

The Fisker Karma was a premium plug-in range-extended electric luxury sports sedan produced by Fisker Automotive in 2012.

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Flexible-fuel vehicle

A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or methanol fuel, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank.

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Flywheel energy storage

Flywheel energy storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy.

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Ford Escape

The Ford Escape is a compact crossover vehicle sold by Ford since 2000 over three generations.

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Ford Expedition

The Ford Expedition is a full-size SUV that is made by Ford Motor Company.

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Fossil fuel

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.

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Fuel

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work.

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Fuel efficiency

Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio from effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work.

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Gas turbine

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous combustion, internal combustion engine.

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Gasoline

Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

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General Electric

General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

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General Motors

General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.

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Geneva Motor Show

The International Geneva Motor Show (Salon international de l'automobile) is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva.

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Global Hybrid Cooperation

Global Hybrid Cooperation (formerly called Advanced Hybrid System 2 or AHS2) is a set of hybrid vehicle technologies jointly developed by General Motors, Daimler, and Chrysler LLC, with BMW joining in 2005.

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Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

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Greenwashing

Greenwashing (a compound word modelled on "whitewash"), also called "green sheen", is a form of spin in which green PR or green marketing is deceptively used to promote the perception that an organization's products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly.

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Ground propulsion

Ground propulsion is any mechanism for propelling solid bodies along the ground, usually for the purposes of transportation.

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Groupe PSA

Groupe PSA (informally PSA; PSA Group in English; formerly known as PSA Peugeot Citroën from 1991 to 2016) is a French multinational manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles sold under the Peugeot, Citroën, DS, Opel and Vauxhall brands.

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Hoidas Lake

Hoidas Lake is a remote northern Canadian lake which lies approximately 50 kilometers north of Uranium City, Saskatchewan.

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Honda Accord (North America seventh generation)

In the U.S., the seventh generation North American Honda Accord is a mid-size car that was available from 2002 to 2007 in both coupe and sedan styles.

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Honda Civic

The is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.

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Honda Civic Hybrid

The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.

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Honda Clarity

The Honda Clarity is a nameplate used by Honda on alternative fuel vehicles.

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Honda CR-Z

The Honda CR-Z is a sport compact hybrid electric automobile manufactured by Honda and marketed as a "sport hybrid coupe." The CR-Z combines a hybrid gasoline-electric powertrain with traditional sports car elements, most notably having a 2+2 seating arrangement (excluding North American models where the backseat is removed) and a standard 6-speed manual transmission.

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Honda Fit

The, also marketed as the, is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation.

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Honda Insight

The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).

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Human-electric hybrid vehicle

A human-electric hybrid vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, or more specifically a hybrid human powered vehicle, whose drivetrain consists of a human being and an electric motor/generator (and one or more electricity-storage device(s) such as a battery(ies) or ultracapacitor(s)).

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Human-powered transport

Human-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle power.

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Humvee

The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV; colloquial: Humvee) is a family of light, four-wheel drive, military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General.

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Hybrid electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).

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Hybrid Synergy Drive

Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) is the brand name of Toyota Motor Corporation for the hybrid car drive train technology used in vehicles with the Toyota and Lexus marques.

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Hybrid train

A hybrid train is a locomotive, railcar or train that uses an onboard rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), placed between the power source (often a diesel engine prime mover) and the traction transmission system connected to the wheels.

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Hybrid vehicle drivetrain

Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles.

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Hydraulic accumulator

A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which a non-compressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure that is applied by an external source.

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Hydraulic hybrid vehicle

Hydraulic hybrid vehicles, or HHVs use a pressurized fluid power source, along with a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), to achieve better fuel economy and reductions in harmful emissions.

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Hydraulic machinery

Hydraulic machines are machinery and tools that use liquid fluid power to do simple work.

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Hydraulics

Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.

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Hydrogen vehicle

A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power.

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Hyundai ix35 FCEV

The Hyundai ix35 FCEV or Tucson FCEV is a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle developed by Hyundai.

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Hyundai Sonata

The Hyundai Sonata (현대 쏘나타) is a mid-size car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 1985.

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Infrared homing

Infrared homing is a passive weapon guidance system which uses the infrared (IR) light emission from a target to track and follow it.

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Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

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Kansas City Southern Railway

The Kansas City Southern Railway Company, owned by Kansas City Southern, is the smallest and third-oldest Class I railroad in North America (just behind Union Pacific Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway) still in operation.

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KiHa E200

The is a single-car hybrid diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on the Koumi Line in Japan.

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Lead–acid battery

The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté and is the oldest type of rechargeable battery.

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Leitra

Leitra is a Danish company and also the name of the velomobile it produces.

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Lexus CT

The Lexus CT 200h (Japanese: レクサス・CT, Rekusasu CT) is a hybrid electric automobile introduced by Lexus as a premium sport compact hatchback.

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Lexus RX

The Lexus RX (Japanese: レクサス・RX, Rekusasu RX) is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV that is based on the Toyota Highlander and sold since 1998 by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota.

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Liquefied petroleum gas

Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

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List of hybrid vehicles

This is a list of hybrid vehicles, including both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids in chronological order of first production.

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Lithium-ion battery

A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery (abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.

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Locomotive

A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train.

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Lohner-Porsche

The Lohner-Porsche Mixed Hybrid (sometimes wrongly referred to as Löhner-Porsche) was the first hybrid vehicle and was developed by Ferdinand Porsche.

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Matrai

MATRAI is the sum of abbreviations of RAI (Islamic Republic of Iran Railways) and MAT (research center) and means Iran Railway Research Center profile: The Railway Research Center (MATRAI)is research department of Iranian Railways.

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Memory effect

Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect, or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel-cadmium and nickel–metal hydride rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge.

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Methanol

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH).

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Mild hybrid

Mild hybrids are generally internal combustion engines equipped with an electric machine (one motor/generator in a parallel hybrid configuration) allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, yet restart quickly.

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Molten-salt battery

Molten-salt batteries (including liquid-metal batteries) are a class of battery that uses molten salts as an electrolyte and offers both a high energy density and a high power density.

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Moped

A moped is a small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than motorcycles or automobiles because mopeds typically travel about the same speed as bicycles on public roads.

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Motor Development International

Motor Development International SA (MDI) is a French company (incorporated in Luxembourg) designing compressed air car prototypes marketed under the title "the Air car".

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Motorized bicycle

A motorised bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor or engine and transmission used either to power the vehicle unassisted, or to assist with pedalling.

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Motorized scooter

A motorized scooter (also gas scooter) is a powered stand-up scooter using a small utility gas engine or electric motor.

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Mount Weld

Mount Weld is a mountain and a mine site in Western Australia, located about south of Laverton and east of Leonora.

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Multi-fuel stove

A multi-fuel stove is similar to a wood-burning stove in appearance and design.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Neodymium

Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.

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Nissan Leaf

The Nissan Leaf is a compact five-door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissan and introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011.

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Otto cycle

An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine.

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Overhead line

An overhead line or overhead wire is used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains.

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Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles was a cooperative research program between the U.S. government and the three major domestic auto corporations, aimed at bringing extremely fuel-efficient (up to vehicles to market by 2003. The partnership, formed in 1993, involved eight federal agencies, the national laboratories, universities, and the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), which comprises DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation. "Supercar" was the unofficial description for the R&D program. On track to achieving its objectives, the program was cancelled by the George W. Bush Administration in 2001 at the request of the automakers, with some of its aspects shifted to the much more distant FreedomCAR program.

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Personal rapid transit

Personal rapid transit (PRT), also referred to as podcars, is a public transport mode featuring small automated vehicles operating on a network of specially built guideways.

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Plug-in hybrid

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well by its on-board engine and generator.

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Pneumatics

Pneumatics (From Greek: πνεύμα) is a branch of engineering that makes use of gas or pressurized air.

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Power kite

A power kite or traction kite is a large kite designed to provide significant pull to the user.

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Powertrain

In a motor vehicle, the term powertrain or powerplant describes the main components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air.

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Public transport

Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, or mass transit) is transport of passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip.

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Quadracycle

A quadracycle is a four-wheeled human-powered land vehicle.

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Radio wave

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.

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Railpower GG20B

The Railpower GG20B Green Goat is a low-emissions diesel hybrid switcher locomotive built by Railpower Technologies Corp. It is powered by a single Caterpillar C9 six cylinder inline engine developing, which is also connected to a large battery bank where both sources combine for a total power output of.

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Railpower Technologies

Railpower Technologies Corp. is a subsidiary of R.J. Corman Railroad Group that builds environmentally friendly hybrid Green Goat and Genset switching locomotives, founded by Frank Donnelly and Gerard Koldyk.

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Railway electrification system

A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply.

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Range extender (vehicle)

A range extender vehicle is a battery electric vehicle that includes an auxiliary power unit (APU) known as a 'range extender'.

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Rare-earth element

A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.

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Regenerative brake

Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism which slows a vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form which can be either used immediately or stored until needed.

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Revolutions per minute

Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min) is the number of turns in one minute.

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Roadway noise

Roadway noise is the collective sound energy emanating from motor vehicles.

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Robert Bosch GmbH

Robert Bosch GmbH, or Bosch, is a German multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany.

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Rolling resistance

Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling drag, is the force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.

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Rowing

Rowing is the act of propelling a boat using the motion of oars in the water, displacing water, and propelling the boat forward.

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Rubber tyred gantry crane

A rubber tyred gantry crane (RTG crane) (also transtainer) is a mobile gantry crane used in intermodal operations to ground or stack containers.

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Sail

A sail is a tensile structure—made from fabric or other membrane materials—that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles.

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Sailboat

A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails smaller than a sailing ship.

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Saturn Vue

The Saturn VUE is a compact SUV that was sold and built by Saturn, and it was Saturn's best-selling model.

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Sinclair C5

The Sinclair C5 is a small one-person battery electric velomobile, technically an "electrically assisted pedal cycle".

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SkySails

SkySails GmbH & Co.

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Smart Fortwo

The Smart Fortwo (stylized as "smart fortwo") is a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive, 2-seater hatchback city car manufactured and marketed by the Smart division of Daimler AG, introduced in 1998, now in its third generation.

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Solar vehicle

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.

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Solid oxide fuel cell

A solid oxide fuel cell (or SOFC) is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel.

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Stealth technology

Stealth technology also termed low observable technology (LO technology) is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive electronic countermeasures, which cover a range of techniques used with personnel, aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles and satellites to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared, sonar and other detection methods.

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Steam engine

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Supercapacitor

A supercapacitor (SC) (also called a supercap, ultracapacitor or Goldcap) is a high-capacity capacitor with capacitance values much higher than other capacitors (but lower voltage limits) that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries.

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Suzuki SX4

The Suzuki SX4 is a compact car and crossover developed jointly by Japanese automaker Suzuki and Italian automaker Fiat, sold since 2006.

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Suzuki Wagon R

The Suzuki Wagon R is a kei car produced by the Japanese manufacturer Suzuki since 1993.

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Switcher

A switcher or shunter (Great Britain: shunter; Australia: shunter or yard pilot; United States: switcher, switch engine, or yard goat, except Pennsylvania Railroad: shifter) is a small railroad locomotive intended not for moving trains over long distances but rather for assembling trains ready for a road locomotive to take over, disassembling a train that has been brought in, and generally moving railroad cars around – a process usually known as ''switching'' (USA) or shunting (UK).

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Tata Motors

Tata Motors Limited (formerly TELCO, short for Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company) headquartered in Mumbai, is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company and a member of the Tata Group.

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The Sydney Morning Herald

The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia.

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The Times of India

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Times Group.

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Third rail

A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway locomotive or train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track.

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Tire

A tire (American English) or tyre (British English; see spelling differences) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.

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Toyota

, usually shortened to Toyota, is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan.

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Toyota Camry

The Toyota Camry (Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ Toyota Kamuri) is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations.

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Toyota Prius

The Toyota Prius (Japanese:トヨタプリウス)() is a full hybrid electric automobile developed by Toyota and manufactured by the company since 1997.

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Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid

The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, also known as Prius PHV and Prius Prime (U.S.), is a plug-in hybrid manufactured by Toyota.

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Toyota Prius V

The Toyota Prius v (for versatile), also named Prius α (pronounced as Alpha) in Japan, and Prius+ in Europe, is a full hybrid gasoline-electric compact MPV produced by Toyota Motor Corporation introduced in Japan in May 2011, in the U.S. in October 2011, and released in Europe in June 2012.

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Toyota Yaris

The is a subcompact car sold by Toyota since 1999, replacing the Starlet.

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Tram

A tram (also tramcar; and in North America streetcar, trolley or trolley car) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way.

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Tricycle

A tricycle, often abbreviated to trike, is a human-powered (or gravity-powered) three-wheeled vehicle.

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Triple-hybrid

Triple-hybrid is a registered trademark (German Trademark DE 307 68 078, European Community trademark application CTM 010704237) of the German company Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH which is used to designate a special drive system that has been developed and patented by Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH (European Patent EP 1 868 837 B1).

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Trolleybus

A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram Joyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). British Trolleybus Systems, pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing.. or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK). Republished 2004 with or 9780753709702.) is an electric bus that draws power from overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded trolley poles.

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Turbo-electric transmission

Turbo-electric transmission uses electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a turbine (steam or gas) into electric energy and electric motors to convert it back into mechanical energy to power the driveshafts.

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Twike

The Twike (a portmanteau of the words twin and bike) is a human-electric hybrid vehicle (HEHV) designed to carry two passengers and cargo.

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Union Pacific Railroad

The Union Pacific Railroad (or Union Pacific Railroad Company and simply Union Pacific) is a freight hauling railroad that operates 8,500 locomotives over 32,100 route-miles in 23 states west of Chicago and New Orleans.

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United Parcel Service

United Parcel Service (UPS) is an American multinational package delivery and supply chain management company.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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Vegetable oil fuel

Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines and in heating oil burners.

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Volkswagen Beetle

The Volkswagen Beetle – officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in German the Käfer (literally "beetle"), in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug, and known by many other nicknames in other languages – is a two-door, rear-engine economy car, intended for five passengers, that was manufactured and marketed by German automaker Volkswagen (VW) from 1938 until 2003.

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Wheel hub motor

The wheel hub motor (also called wheel motor, wheel hub drive, hub motor or in-wheel motor) is an electric motor that is incorporated into the hub of a wheel and drives it directly.

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Win-win game

A win–win game is a game which is designed in a way that all participants can profit from it in one way or the other.

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Wired (magazine)

Wired is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.

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Wood

Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.

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3D printing

3D printing is any of various processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle

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