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71 relations: A Fall of Moondust, Almost all, American Mathematical Monthly, Anton Formann, Arthur C. Clarke, Asymptotic expansion, Binomial coefficient, Birthday, Birthday attack, Bit, Brady Haran, Caesarean section, Calculator, Christmas, Collision attack, Complementary event, Conditional probability, Cryptographic hash function, Discrete uniform distribution, Donald Knuth, Edmund Barton, Event (probability theory), Expected value, Exponential function, Factorial, February 29, Floor and ceiling functions, Harold Davenport, Hash function, Hash table, Knapsack problem, Labor induction, Leap year, List of Martin Gardner Mathematical Games columns, List of Prime Ministers of Australia, Mark and recapture, Martin Gardner, MD5, Mean, Median, Mental calculation, Michael Christopher Wendl, Murray S. Klamkin, Mutual exclusivity, Natural density, Natural logarithm of 2, New Year's Day, Normal distribution, Partition problem, Paul Halmos, ..., Paul Keating, Permutation, Pigeonhole principle, Poisson distribution, Probability, Probability theory, Randomness, Richard von Mises, Rule of thumb, Scientific American, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Stirling numbers of the second kind, Taylor series, The Art of Computer Programming, Tonne, Twin, Upper and lower bounds, W. W. Rouse Ball, Weighing scale, 2014 FIFA World Cup. Expand index (21 more) »
A Fall of Moondust
A Fall of Moondust is a hard science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke, first published in 1961.
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Almost all
In mathematics, the term "almost all" means "all but a negligible amount".
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American Mathematical Monthly
The American Mathematical Monthly is a mathematical journal founded by Benjamin Finkel in 1894.
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Anton Formann
Anton K. Formann (August 27, 1949, Vienna, Austria – July 12, 2010, Vienna) was an Austrian research psychologist, statistician, and psychometrician.
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Arthur C. Clarke
Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.
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Asymptotic expansion
In mathematics, an asymptotic expansion, asymptotic series or Poincaré expansion (after Henri Poincaré) is a formal series of functions which has the property that truncating the series after a finite number of terms provides an approximation to a given function as the argument of the function tends towards a particular, often infinite, point.
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Binomial coefficient
In mathematics, any of the positive integers that occurs as a coefficient in the binomial theorem is a binomial coefficient.
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Birthday
A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution.
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Birthday attack
A birthday attack is a type of cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory.
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Bit
The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.
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Brady Haran
Brady John Haran (born 18 June 1976) is an Australian-born British independent filmmaker and video journalist who is known for his educational videos and documentary films produced for BBC News and his YouTube channels, the most notable being Periodic Videos and Numberphile.
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Caesarean section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section or caesarean delivery, is the use of surgery to deliver one or more babies.
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Calculator
An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.
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Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.
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Collision attack
In cryptography, a collision attack on a cryptographic hash tries to find two inputs producing the same hash value, i.e. a hash collision.
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Complementary event
In probability theory, the complement of any event A is the event, i.e. the event that A does not occur.
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Conditional probability
In probability theory, conditional probability is a measure of the probability of an event (some particular situation occurring) given that (by assumption, presumption, assertion or evidence) another event has occurred.
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Cryptographic hash function
A cryptographic hash function is a special class of hash function that has certain properties which make it suitable for use in cryptography.
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Discrete uniform distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the discrete uniform distribution is a symmetric probability distribution whereby a finite number of values are equally likely to be observed; every one of n values has equal probability 1/n.
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Donald Knuth
Donald Ervin Knuth (born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University.
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Edmund Barton
Sir Edmund "Toby" Barton, (18 January 18497 January 1920) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1901 to 1903.
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Event (probability theory)
In probability theory, an event is a set of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned.
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Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable, intuitively, is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents.
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Exponential function
In mathematics, an exponential function is a function of the form in which the argument occurs as an exponent.
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Factorial
In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. For example, The value of 0! is 1, according to the convention for an empty product.
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February 29
February 29, also known as leap day or leap year day, is a date added to most years that are divisible by 4, such as 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, and 2024.
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Floor and ceiling functions
In mathematics and computer science, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted \operatorname(x).
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Harold Davenport
Harold Davenport FRS (30 October 1907 – 9 June 1969) was an English mathematician, known for his extensive work in number theory.
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Hash function
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size.
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Hash table
In computing, a hash table (hash map) is a data structure that implements an associative array abstract data type, a structure that can map keys to values.
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Knapsack problem
The knapsack problem or rucksack problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible.
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Labor induction
Labor induction is the process or treatment that stimulates childbirth and delivery.
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Leap year
A leap year (also known as an intercalary year or bissextile year) is a calendar year containing one additional day (or, in the case of lunisolar calendars, a month) added to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical or seasonal year.
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List of Martin Gardner Mathematical Games columns
Over a period of 24 years (January 1957 – December 1980), Martin Gardner wrote 288 consecutive "Mathematical Games" columns for Scientific American magazine.
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List of Prime Ministers of Australia
Twenty-nine people have served as Prime Minister of Australia since the office was created in 1901.
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Mark and recapture
Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size.
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Martin Gardner
Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914May 22, 2010) was an American popular mathematics and popular science writer, with interests also encompassing scientific skepticism, micromagic, philosophy, religion, and literature—especially the writings of Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and G. K. Chesterton.
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MD5
The MD5 algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value.
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Mean
In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.
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Median
The median is the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
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Mental calculation
Mental calculation comprises arithmetical calculations using only the human brain, with no help from any supplies (such as pencil and paper) or devices such as a calculator.
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Michael Christopher Wendl
Michael Christopher Wendl is a mathematician and biomedical engineer who has worked on DNA sequencing theory, covering and matching problems in probability, theoretical fluid mechanics, and co-wrote Phred.
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Murray S. Klamkin
Murray Seymour Klamkin (March 5, 1921 – August 6, 2004) was an American mathematician, known as prolific proposer and editor of professionally challenging mathematical problems.
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Mutual exclusivity
In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur (be true).
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Natural density
In number theory, natural density (or asymptotic density or arithmetic density) is one of the possibilities to measure how large a subset of the set of natural numbers is.
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Natural logarithm of 2
The decimal value of the natural logarithm of 2 is approximately as shown in the first line of the table below.
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New Year's Day
New Year's Day, also called simply New Year's or New Year, is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar.
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Normal distribution
In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.
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Partition problem
In number theory and computer science, the partition problem, or number partitioning, is the task of deciding whether a given multiset S of positive integers can be partitioned into two subsets S1 and S2 such that the sum of the numbers in S1 equals the sum of the numbers in S2.
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Paul Halmos
Paul Richard Halmos (Halmos Pál; March 3, 1916 – October 2, 2006) was a Hungarian-Jewish-born American mathematician who made fundamental advances in the areas of mathematical logic, probability theory, statistics, operator theory, ergodic theory, and functional analysis (in particular, Hilbert spaces).
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Paul Keating
Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944) is a former Australian politician who served as the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1991 to 1996 as leader of the Labor Party.
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Permutation
In mathematics, the notion of permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting.
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Pigeonhole principle
In mathematics, the pigeonhole principle states that if items are put into containers, with, then at least one container must contain more than one item.
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Poisson distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution (in English often rendered), named after French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events occur with a known constant rate and independently of the time since the last event.
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Probability
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
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Probability theory
Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability.
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Randomness
Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events.
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Richard von Mises
Richard Edler von Mises (19 April 1883 – 14 July 1953) was a scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory.
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Rule of thumb
The English phrase rule of thumb refers to a principle with broad application that is not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable for every situation.
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Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.
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Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is an academic association dedicated to the use of mathematics in industry.
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Srinivasa Ramanujan
Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 188726 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems considered to be unsolvable.
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Stirling numbers of the second kind
In mathematics, particularly in combinatorics, a Stirling number of the second kind (or Stirling partition number) is the number of ways to partition a set of n objects into k non-empty subsets and is denoted by S(n,k) or \textstyle \lbrace\rbrace.
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Taylor series
In mathematics, a Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from the values of the function's derivatives at a single point.
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The Art of Computer Programming
The Art of Computer Programming (sometimes known by its initials TAOCP) is a comprehensive monograph written by Donald Knuth that covers many kinds of programming algorithms and their analysis.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Twin
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.
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Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, especially in order theory, an upper bound of a subset S of some partially ordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K which is greater than or equal to every element of S. The term lower bound is defined dually as an element of K which is less than or equal to every element of S. A set with an upper bound is said to be bounded from above by that bound, a set with a lower bound is said to be bounded from below by that bound.
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W. W. Rouse Ball
Walter William Rouse Ball, known as W. W. Rouse Ball (14 August 1850 – 4 April 1925), was a British mathematician, lawyer, and fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge from 1878 to 1905.
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Weighing scale
Weighing scales (or weigh scales or scales) are devices to measure weight.
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2014 FIFA World Cup
The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organized by FIFA.
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Redirects here:
Birthday Paradox, Birthday Problem, Birthday coincidence, Birthday distribution, Birthday paradox, Birthday principle, Birthday theorem, The Birthday Problem.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem
