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Irish people

Index Irish people

The Irish people (Muintir na hÉireann or Na hÉireannaigh) are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. [1]

446 relations: Abbey of Saint Gall, Aidan of Lindisfarne, Airgíalla, Albion, Alexander Armstrong (explorer), Americas, Ancient Greek, Anglo-Irish people, Anglo-Irish Treaty, Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Saxons, Angoumois, Anjou, Annals of Ulster, Anselm of Canterbury, Argentina, Argyll, Art Mac Cumhaigh, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Asturias, Atlantean (documentary series), Atomism, Attacotti, Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir), Aunis, Éile, Ériu, Ó Dálaigh, Banba, Barack Obama, Barbados, Bard, Basque Country (greater region), Basques, Battle of Churubusco, Béarn, Beaufort scale, Berbers, Berlin, Bernardo O'Higgins, Blight, Bob Quinn (Irish filmmaker), Bobbio Abbey, Boolean algebra, Boston, Boyle's law, Bram Stoker, Brazil, Brehon, Brendan, ..., Brendan Behan, Bretons, Brian Mac Giolla Phádraig (poet), British Newspaper Archive, Brittany, Bronze Age, Bryan Sykes, C. S. Lewis, Caledonia, Cantabria, Cappadocian Fathers, Caribbean, Carolingian Empire, Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa, Cathal Buí Mac Giolla Ghunna, Catholic Church in Germany, Catholic Church in Ireland, Catholic Church in Scotland, Catholic Church in the United States, Céide Fields, Celtic nations, Celtic polytheism, Census in Australia, Central Statistics Office (Ireland), Charlemagne, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Che Guevara, Chemistry, Christianity, Christopher Columbus, Church of England, Church of Ireland, Citizenship of the European Union, Clan Sweeney, Coffin ship, Colombia, Columba, Columbanus, Conmhaícne, Connacht, Connemara, Cork (city), Cormac mac Airt, Cornish people, Cornwall, Cotter family, Country, County Cork, County Kerry, County Wexford, Cox (surname), Cullen (surname), Cultural assimilation, Culture of Ireland, Cumbria, Current Biology, D. P. Moran, Dáibhí Ó Bruadair, Dál Riata, Delbhna, Demographics of the Republic of Ireland, Demography of Northern Ireland, Diaspora, Doctrine, Dogma, Douro Litoral Province, Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, Dublin, Dubsúilech Ó Maolconaire, Dunbrody (1845), Early Irish law, Eastern Orthodox theology, Eóganachta, Ecuador, Edelmiro Julián Farrell, Electron, Emigration, English Canadians, English Civil War, English language, English people, Eochaidh Ua Floinn, Ernest Shackleton, Ethnic group, Ethnic groups in Europe, Eucharistic Congress, Euhemerism, Euhemerus, European Economic Community, European Union, Ewan Campbell, Family, Fódla, Fenian Cycle, Fianna, Field marshal (United Kingdom), Fir Bolg, Fir Ol nEchmacht, FitzGerald dynasty, Fitzpatrick (surname), Fitzsimons, Flanders, Flann Mainistreach, Flight of the Earls, Flight of the Wild Geese, Folk memory, Francis Beaufort, Francis John Byrne, French Canadians, French Third Republic, Gaelic games, Gaelic Ireland, Gaels, Galicia (Spain), Gallowglass, Galway, Gascony, Genealogy, George Bernard Shaw, George Boole, George Francis FitzGerald, George Johnstone Stoney, George Washington, German Americans, Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde, Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fir Bhisigh, Goidelic languages, Great Famine (Ireland), Greeks, Guyenne, Haplotype, Hebrew language, Hibernia, Hiberno-English, Hiberno-Scottish mission, High King of Ireland, History of Ireland (400–800), Huguenots, Hydrography, Iberian Peninsula, Ice age, Icelanders, Indentured servitude, Iona Abbey, Ireland, Irish Americans, Irish Argentine, Irish Australians, Irish Canadians, Irish clans, Irish cuisine, Irish dance, Irish diaspora, Irish Free State, Irish immigration to Mexico, Irish language, Irish literature, Irish medical families, Irish migration to Great Britain, Irish military diaspora, Irish mythology, Irish nationalism, Irish New Zealanders, Irish prose fiction, Irish traditional music, Irish Travellers, Irish War of Independence, Isle of Man, Italy, Iverni, Jamaica, James Hoban, James Joyce, James VI and I, Jeanie Johnston, John Barry (naval officer), John Davies (poet), John F. Kennedy, John Riley (soldier), John Scotus Eriugena, Jonathan Swift, Kelly (surname), Kingdom of Alba, Kingdom of Dublin, Kingdom of England, Kinship, Lanfranc, Late Middle Ages, Latin, Laurence Sterne, Laxdæla saga, Leabhar na nGenealach, León (historical region), Lebor Gabála Érenn, Leinster, Limerick, List of Americans of Irish descent, List of ethnic groups of Africa, List of expatriate Irish populations, List of Ireland-related topics, List of Irish people, List of Marshals of France, List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field, List of people named O'Brien, List of Presidents of the United States, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, Lord Protector, Maastricht Treaty, Mac Aodhagáin, Mac Diarmada, Mac Fhirbhisigh, Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty, MacCarthy, Madrid, Maguire, Mairtine, Manx people, Mario Testino, Mary Harney, Mary Robinson, Míl Espáine, McDonnell (surname), McMahon, Medieval philosophy, Mercenary, Mesolithic, Methodist Church in Ireland, Mexican Army, Mexican–American War, Mexico, Mexico City, Milesians (Irish), Military career of Simón Bolívar, Minho Province, Mitochondrial DNA, Montserrat, Muhammad Ali, Munster, Mythology, Napoleonic Wars, Nation, Nature, Ne Temere, Neil, Neolithic, Newgrange, Niall of the Nine Hostages, Njáll Þorgeirsson, Njáls saga, Norman invasion of Ireland, Normandy, Normans, Normans in Ireland, Norse mythology, Norse–Gaels, Norte Region, Portugal, Northern Ireland, O'Banion, O'Connell (name), O'Conor, O'Donnell dynasty, O'Mahony, O'Malley (surname), O'Neill (surname), O'Shea, O'Sullivan, O'Toole (surname), Odin, Ogham, Old Welsh, Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Goldsmith, Oscar Wilde, Osprey Publishing, Outer Hebrides, Paleolithic, Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta, Patron saint, Peadar Ó Doirnín, Penal Laws (Ireland), Penguin Books, People of Northern Ireland, Peru, Peter Abelard, Phenotype, Picts, Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin, Plantation of Ulster, Plantations of Ireland, Poitou, Politics, Pope John Paul II, Pope John Paul II's visit to Ireland, Population bottleneck, Prehistoric Ireland, Presbyterian Church in Ireland, President of France, President of the United States, Protestant Irish nationalists, Protestantism in Ireland, Provinces of Ireland, Rear admiral (Royal Navy), Recusancy, Religion in Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Reynolds (surname), Robert Boyle, Robert Mallet, Robert McClure, Roman Empire, Saga of Erik the Red, Saint Kilian, Saint Patrick's Battalion, Saint Patrick's Day, Saintonge, Salzburg, Samuel Beckett, Samuel Eliot Morison, Séamas Dall Mac Cuarta, Scandinavia, Scholasticism, Scoti, Scotland, Scots language, Scottish Canadians, Scottish Highlander, Scottish Lowlands, Scottish people, Seamus Heaney, Seán "Clárach" Mac Domhnaill, Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin, Seismology, Settler, Seumas MacManus, Shelta, Slavery, Snorri Sturluson, Soghain, Sons of Odin, Spain, Spanish Armada, St. Austin Review, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, Statistics Canada, Stephen Oppenheimer, Subclade, T. F. O'Rahilly, Tandem Verlag, Tanistry, Tánaiste, The Fields of Athenry, The Guardian, The Ireland Funds, The Pale, The Sceptical Chymist, Thomas Croke, Thomas Davis (Young Irelander), Time (magazine), Tom Crean (explorer), Touraine, Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province, Tudor conquest of Ireland, Ulaid, Ulster, Ulster Protestants, Ulster Scots dialects, Ulster Scots people, Unionism in Ireland, United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United States Army, United States Declaration of Independence, United States Navy, University College Cork, Venezuela, Vergilius of Salzburg, Vikings, W. B. Yeats, Wales, Walt Disney, War of the Austrian Succession, War of the Spanish Succession, Washington State University, Waterford, Würzburg, Wecta, Welsh people, White House, Wihtlæg, William Brown (admiral), William III of England, Y chromosome, Young Ireland, Zenit News Agency. Expand index (396 more) »

Abbey of Saint Gall

The Abbey of Saint Gall (Abtei St.) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Roman Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

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Aidan of Lindisfarne

Aidan of Lindisfarne Irish: Naomh Aodhán (died 31 August 651) was an Irish monk and missionary credited with restoring Christianity to Northumbria.

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Airgíalla

Airgíalla (Modern Irish: Oirialla, English: Oriel, Latin: Ergallia) was a medieval Irish over-kingdom and the collective name for the confederation of tribes that formed it.

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Albion

Albion (Ἀλβιών) is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain.

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Alexander Armstrong (explorer)

Sir Alexander Armstrong (1818 – 4 July 1899), born in County Donegal, Ulster, Ireland, was a naval surgeon, explorer, and author who from 1850 to 1854 sailed the Arctic on under the command of Robert McClure in search of the lost expedition of explorer Sir John Franklin.

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Americas

The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Anglo-Irish people

Anglo-Irish is a term which was more commonly used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to identify a social class in Ireland, whose members are mostly the descendants and successors of the English Protestant Ascendancy.

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Anglo-Irish Treaty

The Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach), commonly known as The Treaty and officially the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence.

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Anglo-Normans

The Anglo-Normans were the medieval ruling class in England, composed mainly of a combination of ethnic Anglo-Saxons, Normans and French, following the Norman conquest.

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Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century.

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Angoumois

Angoumois or equally historically the comté d'Angoulême was a county and province of France, originally inferior to the parent duchy of Aquitaine, similar to the Périgord to its east but lower and generally less forested, equally with occasional vineyards throughout.

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Anjou

Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.

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Annals of Ulster

The Annals of Ulster (Annála Uladh) are annals of medieval Ireland.

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Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury (1033/4-1109), also called (Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and (Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was a Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Argyll

Argyll (archaically Argyle, Earra-Ghàidheal in modern Gaelic), sometimes anglicised as Argyllshire, is a historic county and registration county of western Scotland.

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Art Mac Cumhaigh

Art Mac Cumhaigh (1738–1773) was, along with Cathal Buí Mac Giolla Ghunna, Peadar Ó Doirnín and Séamas Dall Mac Cuarta, among the most celebrated of the south Ulster and north Leinster poets in the eighteenth century.

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Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister.

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies; Asturias), officially the Principality of Asturias (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies), is an autonomous community in north-west Spain.

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Atlantean (documentary series)

Atlantean is a quartet of documentary films and accompanying book (The Atlantean Irish, Lilliput, 2005) by Irish film maker Bob Quinn.

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Atomism

Atomism (from Greek ἄτομον, atomon, i.e. "uncuttable", "indivisible") is a natural philosophy that developed in several ancient traditions.

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Attacotti

The Attacotti (Atticoti, Attacoti, Atecotti, Atticotti, Atecutti, etc. variously spelled) were a people who despoiled Roman Britain between 364 and 368, along with Scotti, Picts, Saxons, Roman military deserters, and the indigenous Britons themselves.

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Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)

Aud the Deep-Minded (Old Norse: Auðr djúpúðga Ketilsdóttir; Icelandic: Auður djúpúðga Ketilsdóttir, Norwegian: Aud den djuptenkte), also known as Unn, Aud Ketilsdatter or Unnur Ketilsdottir, was a 9th-century settler during the age of Settlement of Iceland.

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Aunis

Aunis is a historical province of France, situated in the north-west of the department of Charente-Maritime.

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Éile

Éile (Éle, Éli, commonly anglicised as Ely), was a medieval petty kingdom in northern Munster, Ireland.

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Ériu

In Irish mythology, Ériu (modern Irish Éire), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron goddess of Ireland.

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Ó Dálaigh

The Ó Dálaigh were a learned Irish bardic family who first came to prominence early in the 12th century, when Cú Connacht Ó Dálaigh was described as "The first Ollamh of poetry in all Ireland" (ollamh is the title given to university professors in Modern Irish).

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Banba

In Irish mythology, Banba (modern spelling: Banbha, pronounced), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, is a patron goddess of Ireland.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of North America.

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Bard

In medieval Gaelic and British culture, a bard was a professional story teller, verse-maker and music composer, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or noble), to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

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Basque Country (greater region)

The Basque Country (Euskal Herria; Pays basque; Vasconia, País Vasco) is the name given to the home of the Basque people.

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Basques

No description.

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Battle of Churubusco

The Battle of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, while Santa Anna's army was in retreat from the Battle of Contreras (Padierna) during the Mexican–American War.

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Béarn

Béarn (Gascon: Bearn or Biarn; Bearno or Biarno) is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France.

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Beaufort scale

The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land.

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Berbers

Berbers or Amazighs (Berber: Imaziɣen, ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⴻⵏ; singular: Amaziɣ, ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗ) are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, primarily inhabiting Algeria, northern Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, northern Niger, Tunisia, Libya, and a part of western Egypt.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Bernardo O'Higgins

Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence.

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Blight

Blight refers to a specific sign affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism.

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Bob Quinn (Irish filmmaker)

Bob Quinn (Roibeard Ó Cuinn) (born Dublin, 1935) is an Irish filmmaker, writer and photographer.

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Bobbio Abbey

Bobbio Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di San Colombano) is a monastery founded by Irish Saint Columbanus in 614, around which later grew up the town of Bobbio, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

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Boolean algebra

In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Boyle's law

Boyle's law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law) is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.

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Bram Stoker

Abraham "Bram" Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish author, best known today for his 1897 Gothic novel Dracula.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Brehon

Brehon (breitheamh - IPA or) is a term for a historical arbitration, mediative and judicial role in Gaelic culture.

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Brendan

Saint Brendan of Clonfert (AD 484 – 577) (Irish: Naomh Bréanainn or Naomh Breandán; Brendanus; (heilagur) Brandanus), also referred to as "Brendan moccu Altae", called "the Navigator", "the Voyager", "the Anchorite", and "the Bold", is one of the early Irish monastic saints and one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland.

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Brendan Behan

Brendan Francis Aidan Behan (christened Francis Behan) (Breandán Ó Beacháin; 9 February 1923 – 20 March 1964) was an Irish poet, short story writer, novelist and playwright who wrote in both English and Irish.

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Bretons

The Bretons (Bretoned) are a Celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France.

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Brian Mac Giolla Phádraig (poet)

Brian Mac Giolla Phádraig (c. 1580 – 1653) was an Irish poet and priest.

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British Newspaper Archive

The British Newspaper Archive web site provides access to searchable digitised archives of British newspapers.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

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Bryan Sykes

Bryan Clifford Sykes (born 9 September 1947) is a Fellow of Wolfson College, and Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford.

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C. S. Lewis

Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) was a British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, broadcaster, lecturer, and Christian apologist.

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Caledonia

Caledonia is the Latin name given by the Romans to the land in today's Scotland, north of their province of Britannia, beyond the frontier of their empire.

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Cantabria

Cantabria is a historic Spanish community and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city.

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Cappadocian Fathers

The Cappadocian Fathers, also traditionally known as the Three Cappadocians, are Basil the Great (330–379), who was bishop of Caesarea; Basil's younger brother Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335 – c. 395), who was bishop of Nyssa; and a close friend, Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389), who became Patriarch of Constantinople.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages.

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Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa

Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa (February 1439 – March 1498) was an Irish historian.

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Cathal Buí Mac Giolla Ghunna

Cathal Buí Mac Giolla Ghunna (c. 1680 – 1756) was an Irish poet.

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Catholic Church in Germany

The Catholic Church in Germany (Katholische Kirche in Deutschland) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope, assisted by the Roman Curia, and of the German bishops.

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Catholic Church in Ireland

The Catholic Church in Ireland (Eaglais Chaitliceach na hÉireann) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Holy See.

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Catholic Church in Scotland

The Catholic Church in Scotland (An Eaglais Chaitligeach; Catholic Kirk), overseen by the Scottish Bishops' Conference, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church headed by the Pope.

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Catholic Church in the United States

The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome.

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Céide Fields

The Céide Fields is an archaeological site on the north County Mayo coast in the west of Ireland, about 7 kilometres northwest of Ballycastle.

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Celtic nations

The Celtic nations are territories in western Europe where Celtic languages or cultural traits have survived.

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Celtic polytheism

Celtic polytheism, commonly known as Celtic paganism, comprises the religious beliefs and practices adhered to by the Iron Age people of Western Europe now known as the Celts, roughly between 500 BCE and 500 CE, spanning the La Tène period and the Roman era, and in the case of the Insular Celts the British and Irish Iron Age.

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Census in Australia

The census in Australia, or officially, the Census of Population and Housing, is a descriptive count of population of Australia on one night, and of their dwellings, generally held quinquennially.

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Central Statistics Office (Ireland)

The Central Statistics Office (CSO; An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh) is the statistical agency responsible for the gathering of "information relating to economic, social and general activities and conditions" in Ireland, in particular the National Census which is held every five years.

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Charlemagne

Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton

Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14, 1928 – October 9, 1967)The date of birth recorded on was June 14, 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by Jon Lee Anderson), asserts that he was actually born on May 14 of that year.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer.

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.

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Church of Ireland

The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann; Ulster-Scots: Kirk o Airlann) is a Christian church in Ireland and an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion.

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Citizenship of the European Union

Citizenship of the European Union (EU) is afforded to qualifying citizens of European Union member states.

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Clan Sweeney

Clan Sweeney is an Irish clan of Scottish origin.

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Coffin ship

The term coffin ship is used to refer to the ships that carried Irish immigrants escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Highlanders displaced by the Highland Clearances.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Columba

Saint Columba (Colm Cille, 'church dove'; Columbkille; 7 December 521 – 9 June 597) was an Irish abbot and missionary credited with spreading Christianity in what is today Scotland at the start of the Hiberno-Scottish mission.

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Columbanus

Columbanus (Columbán, 543 – 21 November 615), also known as St.

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Conmhaícne

The Conmhaicne or Conmaicne were an ancient tribal grouping that were divided into a number of distinct branches that were found scattered around Ireland in the early medieval period.

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Connacht

ConnachtPage five of An tOrdú Logainmneacha (Contaetha agus Cúigí) 2003 clearly lists the official spellings of the names of the four provinces of the country with Connacht listed for both languages; when used without the term 'The province of' / 'Cúige'.

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Connemara

Connemara (Conamara) is a cultural region in County Galway, Ireland.

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Cork (city)

Cork (from corcach, meaning "marsh") is a city in south-west Ireland, in the province of Munster, which had a population of 125,622 in 2016.

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Cormac mac Airt

Cormac mac Airt (son of Art), also known as Cormac ua Cuinn (grandson of Conn) or Cormac Ulfada (long beard), was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland.

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Cornish people

The Cornish people or Cornish (Kernowyon) are an ethnic group native to, or associated with Cornwall: and a recognised national minority in the United Kingdom, which can trace its roots to the ancient Britons who inhabited southern and central Great Britain before the Roman conquest.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Cotter family

The Norse-Gaelic Cotter family (Irish Mac Coitir or Mac Oitir) of Ireland, was associated with County Cork and ancient Cork city.

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Country

A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography.

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County Cork

County Cork (Contae Chorcaí) is a county in Ireland.

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County Kerry

County Kerry (Contae Chiarraí) is a county in Ireland.

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County Wexford

County Wexford (Contae Loch Garman, Yola: Weiseforthe) is a county in Ireland.

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Cox (surname)

The surname Cox is of English or Welsh origin, and may have originated independently in several places in Great Britain, with the variations arriving at a standard spelling only later.

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Cullen (surname)

Cullen is a surname of Gaelic origin.

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Cultural assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble those of a dominant group.

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Culture of Ireland

The culture of Ireland includes customs and traditions, language, music, art, literature, folklore, cuisine and sports associated with Ireland and the Irish people.

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Cumbria

Cumbria is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England.

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Current Biology

Current Biology is a scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology and evolutionary biology.

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D. P. Moran

David Patrick Moran (Dáithí Pádraig Ó Móráin; 22 March 1869 – 31 January 1936), better known as simply D. P. Moran, was an Irish journalist, activist and cultural-political theorist, known as the principal advocate of a specifically Gaelic Catholic Irish nationalism during the early 20th century.

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Dáibhí Ó Bruadair

Dáibhí Ó Bruadair (1625 – January 1698) was one of the most significant Irish language poets of the 17th century.

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Dál Riata

Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) was a Gaelic overkingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel.

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Delbhna

The Delbna or Delbhna was a Gaelic Irish tribe in Ireland, claiming kinship with the Dál gCais, through descent from Dealbhna son of Cas.

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Demographics of the Republic of Ireland

The Republic of Ireland had a population of 4,757,976 at the 2016 census.

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Demography of Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four countries of the United Kingdom in terms of both area and population, containing 2.9% of the total population and 5.7% of the total area of the United Kingdom.

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Diaspora

A diaspora (/daɪˈæspərə/) is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.

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Doctrine

Doctrine (from doctrina, meaning "teaching", "instruction" or "doctrine") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system.

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Dogma

The term dogma is used in pejorative and non-pejorative senses.

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Douro Litoral Province

Douro Litoral is a historical province of Portugal.

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Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh

Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh, also known as Dubhaltach Óg mac Giolla Íosa Mór mac Dubhaltach Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh, Duald Mac Firbis, Dudly Ferbisie, and Dualdus Firbissius (fl. 1643 – January 1671) was an Irish scribe, translator, historian and genealogist.

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Dublin

Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.

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Dubsúilech Ó Maolconaire

Dubsúilech Ó Maolconaire was a member of the Ó Maolconaire family of Connacht, who served as historians and poets to the Síol Muireadaigh and their rulers, the Ó Conchubhair Kings of Connacht.

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Dunbrody (1845)

The Dunbrody was a three-masted barque built in Quebec in 1845 by Thomas Hamilton Oliver for the Graves family, merchants from New Ross in Wexford.

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Early Irish law

Early Irish law, also called Brehon law, comprised the statutes which governed everyday life in Early Medieval Ireland.

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Eastern Orthodox theology

Eastern Orthodox theology is the theology particular to the Eastern Orthodox Church (officially the Orthodox Catholic Church).

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Eóganachta

The Eóganachta or Eoghanachta were an Irish dynasty centred on Cashel which dominated southern Ireland (namely the Kingdom of Munster) from the 6/7th to the 10th centuries, and following that, in a restricted form, the Kingdom of Desmond, and its offshoot Carbery, to the late 16th century.

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Ecuador

Ecuador (Ikwadur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Ikwadur Ripuwlika), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Edelmiro Julián Farrell

Edelmiro Julián Farrell Plaul (February 12, 1887 – October 21, 1980) was an Argentine general.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Emigration

Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere.

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English Canadians

English Canadians or Anglo-Canadians (Canadiens anglais) refers to either Canadians of English ethnic origin and heritage, or to English-speaking, or Anglophone, Canadians of any ethnic origin; it is used primarily in contrast with French Canadians.

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English Civil War

The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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English people

The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ("family of the Angles"). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens. Historically, the English population is descended from several peoples the earlier Celtic Britons (or Brythons) and the Germanic tribes that settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, including Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland) along with the later Danes, Anglo-Normans and other groups. In the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general. Today many English people have recent forebears from other parts of the United Kingdom, while some are also descended from more recent immigrants from other European countries and from the Commonwealth. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system, the common law system and numerous major sports such as cricket, football, rugby union, rugby league and tennis. These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire.

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Eochaidh Ua Floinn

Eochaidh Ua Floinn was an Irish poet who held the post of Chief Ollam of Ireland.

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Ernest Shackleton

Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was a polar explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic, and one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

The Indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe.

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Eucharistic Congress

In the Catholic Church, a Eucharistic Congress is a gathering of clergy, religious, and laity to bear witness to the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist, which is an important Roman Catholic doctrine.

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Euhemerism

Euhemerism is an approach to the interpretation of mythology in which mythological accounts are presumed to have originated from real historical events or personages.

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Euhemerus

Euhemerus (also spelled Euemeros or Evemerus; Εὐήμερος Euhēmeros, "happy; prosperous"; late fourth century BC), was a Greek mythographer at the court of Cassander, the king of Macedon.

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European Economic Community

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Ewan Campbell

Dr.

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Family

Every person has his/her own family.mother reproduces with husband for children.In the context of human society, a family (from familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other relationship), or co-residence (as implied by the etymology of the English word "family" from Latin familia 'family servants, domestics collectively, the servants in a household,' thus also 'members of a household, the estate, property; the household, including relatives and servants,' abstract noun formed from famulus 'servant, slave ') or some combination of these.

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Fódla

In Irish mythology, Fódla or Fótla (modern spelling: Fódhla or Fóla), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was one of the tutelary goddesses of Ireland.

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Fenian Cycle

The Fenian Cycle or the Fiannaíocht (an Fhiannaíocht), also referred to as the Ossianic Cycle after its narrator Oisín, is a body of prose and verse centring on the exploits of the mythical hero Fionn mac Cumhaill (Old, Middle, Modern Irish: Find, Finn, Fionn) and his warriors the Fianna.

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Fianna

Fianna (singular fiann, Scottish Gaelic: An Fhèinne) were small, semi-independent warrior bands in Irish mythology.

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Field marshal (United Kingdom)

Field Marshal has been the highest rank in the British Army since 1736.

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Fir Bolg

In medieval Irish myth, the Fir Bolg (also spelt Firbolg and Fir Bholg) are the fourth group of people to settle in Ireland.

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Fir Ol nEchmacht

Fir Ol nEchmacht was the name of a group or race of people living in pre-historic Ireland.

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FitzGerald dynasty

The FitzGerald dynasty (Ríshliocht Mhic Gearailt or Clann Gearailt) is an Irish Hiberno-Norman or Cambro-Norman royal dynasty.

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Fitzpatrick (surname)

The surname Fitzpatrick is the known translation of at least two different surnames: Mac Giolla Phádraig and Ó Maol Phádraig from the original Irish to English.

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Fitzsimons

Fitzsimons (also spelled FitzSimons, Fitzsimmons or FitzSimmons) is an Irish surname of Norman origin.

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Flanders

Flanders (Vlaanderen, Flandre, Flandern) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history.

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Flann Mainistreach

Flann Mainistrech (died 25 November 1056) was an Irish poet and historian.

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Flight of the Earls

The Flight of the Earls (Irish: Imeacht na nIarlaí) took place on 4 September 1607, when Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Red Hugh O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, and about ninety followers left Ulster in Ireland for mainland Europe.

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Flight of the Wild Geese

The Flight of the Wild Geese was the departure of an Irish Jacobite army under the command of Patrick Sarsfield from Ireland to France, as agreed in the Treaty of Limerick on 3 October 1691, following the end of the Williamite War in Ireland.

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Folk memory

Folk memory is a term sometimes used to describe stories, folklore or myths about past events that have been passed orally from generation to generation.

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Francis Beaufort

Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, KCB, FRS, FRGS, FRAS, MRIA (27 May 1774 – 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer and officer in the Royal Navy.

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Francis John Byrne

Francis John Byrne (born 1934 - died 30 December 2017) was an Irish historian.

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French Canadians

French Canadians (also referred to as Franco-Canadians or Canadiens; Canadien(ne)s français(es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward.

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War until 1940 when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.

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Gaelic games

Gaelic games are sports played in Ireland under the auspices of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).

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Gaelic Ireland

Gaelic Ireland (Éire Ghaidhealach) was the Gaelic political and social order, and associated culture, that existed in Ireland from the prehistoric era until the early 17th century.

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Gaels

The Gaels (Na Gaeil, Na Gàidheil, Ny Gaeil) are an ethnolinguistic group native to northwestern Europe.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galician: Galicia, Galiza; Galicia; Galiza) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Gallowglass

The gallowglasses (also spelt galloglass, gallowglas or galloglas; from gall óglaigh meaning foreign warriors) were a class of elite mercenary warriors who were principally members of the Norse-Gaelic clans of Scotland between the mid 13th century and late 16th century.

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Galway

Galway (Gaillimh) is a city in the West of Ireland, in the province of Connacht.

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Gascony

Gascony (Gascogne; Gascon: Gasconha; Gaskoinia) is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution.

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Genealogy

Genealogy (from γενεαλογία from γενεά, "generation" and λόγος, "knowledge"), also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.

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George Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist, and political activist.

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George Boole

George Boole (2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was a largely self-taught English mathematician, philosopher and logician, most of whose short career was spent as the first professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Cork in Ireland.

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George Francis FitzGerald

Prof George Francis FitzGerald FRS FRSE (3 August 1851 – 22 February 1901) was an Irish professor of "natural and experimental philosophy" (i.e., physics) at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, during the last quarter of the 19th century.

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George Johnstone Stoney

George Johnstone Stoney FRS (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist.

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George Washington

George Washington (February 22, 1732 –, 1799), known as the "Father of His Country," was an American soldier and statesman who served from 1789 to 1797 as the first President of the United States.

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German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

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Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde

Gilla Cóemáin mac Gilla Samthainde, Irish poet, fl.

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Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fir Bhisigh

Gilla Íosa Mor mac Donnchadh MacFhirbhisigh (fl. 1390 – 1418) was a historian, scribe and poet of the learned Clan MacFhirbhisigh based at Lackan in Tír Fhíacrach, now part of County Sligo.

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Goidelic languages

The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

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Great Famine (Ireland)

The Great Famine (an Gorta Mór) or the Great Hunger was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1849.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.

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Guyenne

Guyenne or Guienne (Guiana) was an old French province which corresponded roughly to the Roman province of Aquitania Secunda and the archdiocese of Bordeaux.

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Haplotype

A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.

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Hebrew language

No description.

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Hibernia

Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland.

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Hiberno-English

Hiberno‐English (from Latin Hibernia: "Ireland") or Irish English is the set of English dialects natively written and spoken within the island of Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).

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Hiberno-Scottish mission

The Hiberno-Scottish mission was a series of missions and expeditions initiated by various Irish clerics and cleric-scholars who, for the most part, are not known to have acted in concert.

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High King of Ireland

The High Kings of Ireland (Ard-Rí na hÉireann) were sometimes historical and sometimes legendary figures who had, or who are claimed to have had, lordship over the whole of Ireland.

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History of Ireland (400–800)

The early medieval history of Ireland, often called Early Christian Ireland, spans the 5th to 8th centuries, from the gradual emergence out of the protohistoric period (Ogham inscriptions in Primitive Irish, mentions in Greco-Roman ethnography) to the beginning of the Viking Age.

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Huguenots

Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.

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Hydrography

Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defence, scientific research, and environmental protection.

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.

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Ice age

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

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Icelanders

Icelanders (Íslendingar) are a Germanic ethnic group and nation, native to Iceland, mostly speaking the Germanic language Icelandic.

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Indentured servitude

An indentured servant or indentured laborer is an employee (indenturee) within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract (indenture) to work for a particular employer for a fixed time.

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Iona Abbey

Iona Abbey is located on the Isle of Iona, just off the Isle of Mull on the West Coast of Scotland.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Irish Argentine

Irish Argentines are Argentine citizens who are fully or partially of Irish descent.

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Irish Australians

Irish Australians (Gael-Astrálaigh) are an ethnic group of Australian citizens of Irish descent, which include immigrants from and descendants whose ancestry originates from the island of Ireland.

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Irish Canadians

Irish Canadians (Gaedheal-Cheanadaigh) are Canadian citizens who have full or partial Irish heritage including descendants who trace their ancestry to immigrants who originated in Ireland.

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Irish clans

Irish clans are traditional kinship groups sharing a common surname and heritage and existing in a lineage based society prior to the 17th century.

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Irish cuisine

Irish cuisine is the style of cooking that originated from Ireland, or was developed by the Irish people.

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Irish dance

Irish dance or Irish dancing is a group of traditional dance forms originating from Ireland, encompassing dancing both solo and in groups, and dancing for social, competitive, and performance purposes.

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Irish diaspora

The Irish diaspora (Diaspóra na nGael) refers to Irish people and their descendants who live outside Ireland.

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Irish Free State

The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann; 6 December 192229 December 1937) was a state established in 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921.

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Irish immigration to Mexico

Irish Mexicans (Spanish: Irlandés-mexicano or Hibernomexicano; Irish: Gael-Meicsiceach) are inhabitants of Mexico that are immigrants from or descendants of immigrants from Ireland.

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Irish language

The Irish language (Gaeilge), also referred to as the Gaelic or the Irish Gaelic language, is a Goidelic language (Gaelic) of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.

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Irish literature

Irish literature comprises writings in the Irish, Latin, and English (including Ulster Scots) languages on the island of Ireland.

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Irish medical families

Irish medical families were hereditary practitioners of professional medicine in Gaelic Ireland, between 1100 and 1700.

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Irish migration to Great Britain

Irish migration to Great Britain has occurred from the earliest recorded history to the present.

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Irish military diaspora

The Irish military diaspora refers to the many people of either Irish birth or extraction (see Irish diaspora) who have served in overseas military forces, regardless of rank, duration of service, or success.

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Irish mythology

The mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity.

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Irish nationalism

Irish nationalism is an ideology which asserts that the Irish people are a nation.

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Irish New Zealanders

Irish New Zealanders are New Zealanders who are of Irish ancestry or New Zealanders who originate from Ireland.

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Irish prose fiction

The first Irish prose fiction, in the form of legendary stories, appeared in the Irish language as early as the seventh century, along with chronicles and lives of saints in Irish and Latin.

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Irish traditional music

Irish traditional music (also known as Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants) is a genre of folk music that developed in Ireland.

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Irish Travellers

Irish Travellers (an lucht siúil, meaning 'the walking people') are a traditionally itinerant ethnic group who maintain a set of traditions.

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Irish War of Independence

The Irish War of Independence (Cogadh na Saoirse) or Anglo-Irish War was a guerrilla war fought from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and the British security forces in Ireland.

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Isle of Man

The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin), also known simply as Mann (Mannin), is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Iverni

The Iverni (Ἰούερνοι, Iouernoi) were a people of early Ireland first mentioned in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in the extreme south-west of the island.

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Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea.

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James Hoban

James Hoban (1755 – December 8, 1831) was an Irish architect, best known for designing the White House in Washington, D.C.

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James Joyce

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet.

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James VI and I

James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.

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Jeanie Johnston

Jeanie Johnston is a replica of a three masted barque that was originally built in Quebec, Canada, in 1847 by the Scottish-born shipbuilder John Munn.

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John Barry (naval officer)

John Barry (March 25, 1745 – September 13, 1803) was an officer in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War and later in the United States Navy.

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John Davies (poet)

Sir John Davies (16 April 1569 (baptised)8 December 1626) was an English poet, lawyer, and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1621.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

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John Riley (soldier)

John Patrick Riley (also known as John Patrick O'Riley), (c. 1817 – August 1850?) was an Irish soldier in the British Army who emigrated to the United States and subsequently enlisted in the United States Army.

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John Scotus Eriugena

John Scotus Eriugena or Johannes Scotus Erigena (c. 815 – c. 877) was an Irish theologian, neoplatonist philosopher, and poet.

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Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.

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Kelly (surname)

Kelly is a surname in the English language.

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Kingdom of Alba

The Kingdom of Alba refers to the Kingdom of Scotland between the deaths of Donald II (Domnall mac Causantin) in 900 and of Alexander III in 1286, which then led indirectly to the Scottish Wars of Independence.

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Kingdom of Dublin

Vikings invaded the territory around Dublin in the 9th century, establishing the Norse Kingdom of Dublin, the earliest and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in Ireland.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

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Lanfranc

Lanfranc (1005 1010 – 24 May 1089) was a celebrated Italian jurist who renounced his career to become a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy. He served successively as prior of Bec Abbey and abbot of St Stephen in Normandy and then as archbishop of Canterbury in England, following its Conquest by William the Conqueror. He is also variously known as (Lanfranco di Pavia), (Lanfranc du Bec), and (Lanfrancus Cantuariensis).

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Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Laurence Sterne

Laurence Sterne (24 November 1713 – 18 March 1768) was an Irish novelist and an Anglican clergyman.

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Laxdæla saga

Laxdæla saga; also Laxdœla saga (Old Norse pronunciation ˈlaksˌdøːla ˈsaɣa), Laxdoela saga, Laxdaela saga, or The Saga of the People of Laxárdalr) is one of the Icelanders' sagas. Written in the 13th century, it tells of people in the Breiðafjörður area of Iceland from the late 9th century to the early 11th century. The saga particularly focuses on a love triangle between Guðrún Ósvífrsdóttir, Kjartan Ólafsson and Bolli Þorleiksson. Kjartan and Bolli grow up together as close friends but the love they both have for Guðrún causes enmity between them and, in the end, their deaths. Second only to Njáls saga in the number of medieval manuscripts preserved, Laxdæla saga remains popular and appreciated for its poetic beauty and pathetic sentiment.

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Leabhar na nGenealach

Leabhar na nGenealach ("Book of Genealogies") is a massive genealogical collection written mainly in the years 1649 to 1650, at the college-house of St. Nicholas' Collegiate Church, Galway, by Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh.

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León (historical region)

The region of León or Leonese region (Leonese: rexón de Llïón, región de León and rexón de Llión) is a historic territory defined by the 1833 Spanish administrative organisation.

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Lebor Gabála Érenn

Lebor Gabála Érenn (The Book of the Taking of Ireland) is a collection of poems and prose narratives that purports to be a history of Ireland and the Irish from the creation of the world to the Middle Ages.

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Leinster

Leinster (— Laighin / Cúige Laighean — /) is one of the Provinces of Ireland situated in the east of Ireland.

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Limerick

Limerick (Luimneach) is a city in County Limerick, Ireland.

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List of Americans of Irish descent

This is a list of Americans of Irish descent, including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American-born descendants.

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List of ethnic groups of Africa

The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands, with each population generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture.

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List of expatriate Irish populations

An expatriate Irish population in any country other than Ireland or Northern Ireland is generally considered to be Irish emigrants and their descendants, at least to the extent that the people involved are aware of their Irish heritage and willing to acknowledge it.

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List of Ireland-related topics

This page aims to list articles related to the island of Ireland.

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List of Irish people

This is a list of notable Irish people who were born on the island of Ireland, in either the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland, and have lived there for most of their lives.

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List of Marshals of France

Marshal of France (Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements.

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List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field.

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List of people named O'Brien

O'Brien is a surname of Irish origin which has many variants in the Irish diaspora worldwide, such as O'Bryan, O'Brian, O'Briant, O'Brient, O'Bryant, O'Brine, O'Bryen etc., which all claim a general common ancestry with the original Gaelic surname being Ó Briain or Uí Briain.

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List of Presidents of the United States

The President of the United States is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States.

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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Liverpool University Press

Liverpool University Press, founded in 1899, is the third oldest university press in England after Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press.

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Lord Protector

Lord Protector (pl. Lords Protectors) is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state.

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Maastricht Treaty

The Treaty on European Union (TEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Maastricht is one of two treaties forming the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), the other being the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Rome). The TEU was originally signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands to further European integration. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty. Upon its entry into force on 1 November 1993 during the Delors Commission, it created the three pillars structure of the European Union and led to the creation of the single European currency, the euro. TEU comprised two novel titles respectively on Common Foreign and Security Policy and Cooperation in the Fields of Justice and Home Affairs, which replaced the former informal intergovernmental cooperation bodies named TREVI and European Political Cooperation on EU Foreign policy coordination. In addition TEU also comprised three titles which amended the three pre-existing community treaties: Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, and the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community which had its abbreviation renamed from TEEC to TEC (being known as TFEU since 2007). The Maastricht Treaty (TEU) and all pre-existing treaties, has subsequently been further amended by the treaties of Amsterdam (1997), Nice (2001) and Lisbon (2009).

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Mac Aodhagáin

Mac Aodhagáin (English: Egan or Keegan), is an Irish Gaelic clan of Brehons who were hereditary lawyers - firstly to the Ó Conchobhair Kings of Connacht, and later to the Burkes of Clanricarde.

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Mac Diarmada

Mac Diarmada (anglicised as MacDermot), also spelled Mac Diarmata, is an Irish surname, and the surname of the ruling dynasty of Moylurg, a kingdom that existed in Connacht from the 10th to 16th centuries.

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Mac Fhirbhisigh

MacFirbis (Mac Fhirbhisigh), also known as Forbes, was the surname of a family of Irish hereditary historians based for much of their known history at Lecan, Tireragh (now Lackan, Kilglass parish, County Sligo).

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Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty

Mac Giolla Phádraig (pronunciation) (alternately Mac Gilla Pátraic) is a native Irish dynastic surname which translates into English as "Son of the Devotee of (St.) Patrick".

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MacCarthy

MacCarthy (Irish: Mac Cárthaigh), also spelled Macarthy, McCarthy or McCarty, is a Gaelic Irish clan originating from Munster, an area they ruled during the Middle Ages.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.

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Maguire

Maguire (also spelled Mac Guire or McGuire) is an Irish surname from the Gaelic Mag Uidhir, which is "son of Odhar" or "son of the dun or dark coloured one".

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Mairtine

The Mairtine (Martini, Marthene, Muirtine, Maidirdine, Mhairtine) were an important people of late prehistoric Munster, Ireland who by early historical times appear to have completely vanished from the Irish political landscape.

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Manx people

The Manx (ny Manninee) are people originating in the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea in northern Europe.

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Mario Testino

Mario Eduardo Testino Silva OBE (born 30 October 1954) is a Peruvian fashion and portrait photographer.

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Mary Harney

Mary Harney (born 11 March 1953) is an Irish former politician.

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Mary Robinson

Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (née Bourke; Máire Bean Mhic Róibín; born 21 May 1944) is an Irish Independent politician who served as the 7th President of Ireland, she was the first female to hold this office.

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Míl Espáine

In Irish origin legends, Míl Espáine or Míl Espáne (later Latinized as Milesius; also Miled/Miledh) is the mythical ancestor of the final inhabitants of Ireland, the "sons of Míl" or Milesians, who represent the vast majority of the Irish Gaels.

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McDonnell (surname)

MacDonnell, Macdonnell, or McDonnell is a surname of Scottish and Irish origin.

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McMahon

McMahon or MacMahon (older Irish orthography: Mac Mathghamhna reformed Irish orthography: Mac Mathúna) is an Irish surname.

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Medieval philosophy

Medieval philosophy is the philosophy in the era now known as medieval or the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. to the Renaissance in the 16th century.

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Mercenary

A mercenary is an individual who is hired to take part in an armed conflict but is not part of a regular army or other governmental military force.

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Mesolithic

In Old World archaeology, Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos "middle"; λίθος, lithos "stone") is the period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

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Methodist Church in Ireland

The Methodist Church in Ireland (Ulster-Scots: Methody Kirk in Airlann) is a Wesleyan Methodist church that operates across both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland on an all-Ireland basis.

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Mexican Army

The Mexican Army (Ejército Mexicano) is the combined land and air branch and is the largest of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army.

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Mexican–American War

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Milesians (Irish)

In the Lebor Gabála Érenn, a medieval Irish Christian pseudo-history, the Milesians are the final race to settle in Ireland.

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Military career of Simón Bolívar

The military and political career of Simón Bolívar, (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830), which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exiled patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830, was an important element in the success of the independence wars in South America.

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Minho Province

Minho was a former province of Portugal, established in 1936 and dissolved in 1976.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Montserrat

Montserrat is a Caribbean island in the Leeward Islands, which is part of the chain known as the Lesser Antilles, in the West Indies.

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Muhammad Ali

Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer, activist, and philanthropist.

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Munster

Munster (an Mhumhain / Cúige Mumhan,.

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Mythology

Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.

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Nation

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

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Nature

Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe.

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Ne Temere

Ne Temere was a decree issued in 1907 by the Roman Catholic Congregation of the Council regulating the canon law of the Church regarding marriage for practising Catholics.

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Neil

Neil is a masculine given name of Gaelic origin.

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Neolithic

The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.

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Newgrange

Newgrange (Sí an Bhrú or Brú na Bóinne) is a prehistoric monument in County Meath, Ireland, located west of Drogheda on the north side of the River Boyne.

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Niall of the Nine Hostages

Niall Noígíallach (Old Irish "having nine hostages"), or in English, Niall of the Nine Hostages, was a prehistoric Irish king, the ancestor of the Uí Néill dynasties that dominated the northern half of Ireland from the 6th to the 10th century.

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Njáll Þorgeirsson

Njáll Þorgeirsson (Njáll son of Þorgeir, the name Njáll is a Norse derivative of the Irish name Niall.) was a 10th-century Icelandic lawyer who lived at Bergþórshvoll and is one of the main protagonists of Njáls saga, a medieval Icelandic saga.

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Njáls saga

Njáls saga (modern Icelandic pronunciation) (also Njála, Brennu-Njáls saga or "The Story of Burnt Njáll") is a thirteenth-century Icelandic saga that describes events between 960 and 1020.

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Norman invasion of Ireland

The Norman invasion of Ireland took place in stages during the late 12th century, at a time when Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King claiming lordship over all.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Normanni) were the people who, in the 10th and 11th centuries, gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.

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Normans in Ireland

The Normans in Ireland, or Hiberno-Normans, were a group of Normans who invaded the various realms of Gaelic Ireland.

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Norse mythology

Norse mythology is the body of myths of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period.

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Norse–Gaels

The Norse–Gaels (Gall-Goídil; Irish: Gall-Ghaeil; Gall-Ghàidheil, 'foreigner-Gaels') were a people of mixed Gaelic and Norse ancestry and culture.

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Norte Region, Portugal

Norte (Região Norte,; "North Region") or Northern Portugal is the most populous region in Portugal, ahead of Lisboa, and the third most extensive by area.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.

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O'Banion

O'Banion is a surname.

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O'Connell (name)

O'Connell is a last name of Irish origin.

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O'Conor

O'Conor (Middle Irish: Ó Conchubhair; Modern Ó Conchúir, also anglicised as O'Connor), is an Irish princely and noble family of Gaelic origin who are the historic Kings of Connacht and the last High Kings of Ireland before the Norman invasion.

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O'Donnell dynasty

The O'Donnell dynasty (Ó Dónaill or Ó Domhnaill or Ó Doṁnaill; derived from the Irish name Domhnall, which means "ruler of the world", Dónall in modern Irish) were an ancient and powerful Irish family, kings, princes and lords of Tyrconnell (Tír Chonaill in Irish, now County Donegal) in early times, and the chief allies and sometimes rivals of the O'Neills in Ulster.

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O'Mahony

O'Mahony (Old Irish: Ó Mathghamhna; Modern Irish: Ó Mathúna) is the original name of the clan, with breakaway clans also spelled O'Mahoney, or simply Mahony and Mahoney, without the prefix, is an Irish Gaelic sept, and may refer to: The O'Mahonys were Cenél nÁeda princes of the ancient Eóganacht Raithlind.

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O'Malley (surname)

O'Malley is an Irish surname (from Irish "Ó Máille").

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O'Neill (surname)

The surname O'Neill is of Irish Gaelic origin, spelling variations include O'Neal, O'Neil, Ó Neill, Ó Néill, Ua Néill, Uí Néill and Neill.

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O'Shea

O'Shea is a surname (an anglicized form of the Irish patronymic name Ó Séaghdha or Ó Sé), originating in the Kingdom of Corcu Duibne in County Kerry, and could refer to.

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O'Sullivan

O'Sullivan (Ó Súilleabháin), also known as simply Sullivan, is an Irish Gaelic clan based most prominently in what is today County Cork and County Kerry.

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O'Toole (surname)

*O'Toole family, a leading family in Gaelic Leinster.

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Odin

In Germanic mythology, Odin (from Óðinn /ˈoːðinː/) is a widely revered god.

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Ogham

Ogham (Modern Irish or; ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 1st to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).

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Old Welsh

Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the label attached to the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh.

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Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English military and political leader.

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Oliver Goldsmith

Oliver Goldsmith (10 November 1728 – 4 April 1774) was an Irish novelist, playwright and poet, who is best known for his novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766), his pastoral poem The Deserted Village (1770), and his plays The Good-Natur'd Man (1768) and She Stoops to Conquer (1771, first performed in 1773).

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Oscar Wilde

Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright.

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Osprey Publishing

Osprey Publishing is an Oxford-based publishing company specializing in military history.

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Outer Hebrides

The Outer Hebrides, also known as the Western Isles (Na h-Eileanan Siar or Na h-Eileanan an Iar), Innse Gall ("islands of the strangers") or the Long Isle or the Long Island (An t-Eilean Fada), is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.

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Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta

Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta, 6th Marquess of MacMahon, 1st Duke of Magenta (born Marie Edme Patrice Maurice; 13 June 1808 – 17 October 1893), was a French general and politician, with the distinction of Marshal of France.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or particular branches of Islam, is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person.

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Peadar Ó Doirnín

Peadar Ó Doirnín (c. 1700 - 1769) was an Ulster Irish schoolteacher and Irish language poet and songwriter.

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Penal Laws (Ireland)

In the island of Ireland, Penal Laws (Na Péindlíthe) were a series of laws imposed in an attempt to force Irish Roman Catholics and Protestant dissenters (such as local Presbyterians) to accept the reformed denomination as defined by the English state established Anglican Church and practised by members of the Irish state established Church of Ireland.

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Penguin Books

Penguin Books is a British publishing house.

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People of Northern Ireland

The people of Northern Ireland, or Northern Irish people, are all people born in Northern Ireland and having, at the time of their birth, at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen or is otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland without any restriction on their period of residence,The Good Friday Agreement guarantees the "recognition of the birthright of all the people of Northern Ireland to identify themselves and be accepted as Irish or British, or both, as they may so choose." under the Belfast Agreement.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Peter Abelard

Peter Abelard (Petrus Abaelardus or Abailardus; Pierre Abélard,; 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Picts

The Picts were a tribal confederation of peoples who lived in what is today eastern and northern Scotland during the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval periods.

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Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin

Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin (''fl.'' 1579–1590) was an Irish historian.

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Plantation of Ulster

The Plantation of Ulster (Plandáil Uladh; Ulster-Scots: Plantin o Ulstèr) was the organised colonisation (plantation) of Ulstera province of Irelandby people from Great Britain during the reign of James VI and I. Most of the colonists came from Scotland and England, although there was a small number of Welsh settlers.

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Plantations of Ireland

Plantations in 16th- and 17th-century Ireland involved the confiscation of land by the English crown and the colonisation of this land with settlers from the island of Great Britain.

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Poitou

Poitou, in Poitevin: Poetou, was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.

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Politics

Politics (from Politiká, meaning "affairs of the cities") is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.

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Pope John Paul II's visit to Ireland

Pope John Paul II visited Ireland from Saturday, 29 September to Monday, 1 October 1979, the first trip to Ireland by a pope.

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Population bottleneck

A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).

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Prehistoric Ireland

The prehistory of Ireland has been pieced together from archaeological and genetic evidence; it begins with the first evidence of humans in Ireland around 12,500 years ago and finishes with the start of the historical record around 400 AD.

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Presbyterian Church in Ireland

The Presbyterian Church in Ireland (PCI; Eaglais Phreispitéireach in Éirinn, Ulster-Scots: Prisbytairin Kirk in Airlann) is the largest Presbyterian denomination in Ireland, and the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland.

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President of France

The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Protestant Irish nationalists

Protestant Irish nationalists are adherents of Protestantism in Ireland who also support Irish nationalism.

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Protestantism in Ireland

Protestantism is a Christian minority on the island of Ireland.

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Provinces of Ireland

Since the early 17th-century there have been four Provinces of Ireland: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.

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Rear admiral (Royal Navy)

Rear admiral (RAdm) is a flag officer rank of the British Royal Navy.

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Recusancy

Recusancy was the state of those who refused to attend Anglican services during the history of England and Wales and of Ireland; these individuals were known as recusants.

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Religion in Ireland

Religion in Ireland may refer to.

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Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

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Reynolds (surname)

Reynolds is a surname in the English language.

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Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor.

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Robert Mallet

Robert Mallet, FRS, MRIA (3 June 1810 – 5 November 1881), Irish geophysicist, civil engineer, and inventor who distinguished himself in research on earthquakes and is sometimes called the father of seismology.

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Robert McClure

Sir Robert John Le Mesurier McClure (or M'Clure) (28 January 1807 – 17 October 1873) was an Irish explorer of the Arctic.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Saga of Erik the Red

Eiríks saga rauða or the Saga of Erik the Red is a saga, thought to have been composed before 1265, on the Norse exploration of North-America.

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Saint Kilian

Saint Kilian, also spelled Killian (or alternatively Cillian; Kilianus), was an Irish missionary bishop and the Apostle of Franconia (nowadays the northern part of Bavaria), where he began his labours towards the end of the 7th century.

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Saint Patrick's Battalion

The Saint Patrick's Battalion (Batallón de San Patricio), formed and led by John Riley, was a unit of 175 to several hundred immigrants (accounts vary) and expatriates of European descent who fought as part of the Mexican Army against the United States in the Mexican–American War of 1846–48.

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Saint Patrick's Day

Saint Patrick's Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick (Lá Fhéile Pádraig, "the Day of the Festival of Patrick"), is a cultural and religious celebration held on 17 March, the traditional death date of Saint Patrick (AD 385–461), the foremost patron saint of Ireland.

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Saintonge

Saintonge, historically spelled Xaintonge and Xainctonge, is a former province of France located on the west central Atlantic coast.

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Salzburg

Salzburg, literally "salt fortress", is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of Salzburg state.

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Samuel Beckett

Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, poet, and literary translator who lived in Paris for most of his adult life.

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Samuel Eliot Morison

Samuel Eliot Morison (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American historian noted for his works of maritime history and American history that were both authoritative and popular.

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Séamas Dall Mac Cuarta

Séamas Dall Mac Cuarta (c. 1647? – 1733) was an Irish poet, and a central figure in the seventeenth and eighteenth century Airgíalla school of poets and songwriters in the Irish language.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.

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Scholasticism

Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics", or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context.

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Scoti

Scoti or Scotti is a Latin name for the Gaels,Duffy, Seán.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scots language

Scots is the Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster (where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots).

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Scottish Canadians

Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada.

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Scottish Highlander

Scottish Highlander may refer to.

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Scottish Lowlands

The Lowlands (the Lallans or the Lawlands; a' Ghalldachd, "the place of the foreigner") are a cultural and historic region of Scotland.

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Scottish people

The Scottish people (Scots: Scots Fowk, Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or Alba) in the 9th century. Later, the neighbouring Celtic-speaking Cumbrians, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons and Norse, were incorporated into the Scottish nation. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word Scoti originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for Scottish people, primarily outside Scotland. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch (Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and affectionately referred to themselves as 'Scotch'. He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in many countries other than Scotland. Emigration, influenced by factors such as the Highland and Lowland Clearances, Scottish participation in the British Empire, and latterly industrial decline and unemployment, have resulted in Scottish people being found throughout the world. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture. Large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world and the second-largest population of Scottish descendants, after the United States. Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their respective origin myths, like most medieval European peoples. Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse settled parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Some famous Scottish family names, including those bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart came to Scotland at this time. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens.

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Seamus Heaney

Seamus Justin Heaney (13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator.

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Seán "Clárach" Mac Domhnaill

Seán "Clárach" Mac Domhnaill (1691–1754) was an Irish language poet in the first half of the 18th century.

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Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin

Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin (died 1372) was an Irish Gaelic poet.

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Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.

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Settler

A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area.

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Seumas MacManus

Seumas MacManus (31 December 1867 – 23 October 1960) was an Irish author, dramatist, and poet known for his ability to reinterpret Irish folktales for modern audiences.

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Shelta

Shelta (Irish: Seiltis) is a language spoken by Irish Travellers, particularly in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Snorri Sturluson

Snorri Sturluson (1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician.

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Soghain

The Soghain were a people of ancient Ireland.

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Sons of Odin

Various gods and men appear as Sons of Odin or Sons of Wodan/Wotan or Sons of Woden in old Old Norse and Old High German and Old English texts.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada (Grande y Felicísima Armada, literally "Great and Most Fortunate Navy") was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in late May 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.

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St. Austin Review

The St.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Statistics Canada

Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the Government of Canada government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture.

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Stephen Oppenheimer

Stephen Oppenheimer (born 1947) is a British paediatrician, geneticist, and writer.

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Subclade

In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup.

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T. F. O'Rahilly

Thomas Francis O'Rahilly (Tomás Ó Rathile; 1883–1953) was an Irish scholar of the Celtic languages, particularly in the fields of historical linguistics and Irish dialects.

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Tandem Verlag

Tandem Verlag GmbH is a German publishing company and also wholesaler and distributor of print and electronic media products.

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Tanistry

Tanistry is a Gaelic system for passing on titles and lands.

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Tánaiste

The Tánaiste is the deputy head of government of Ireland and the second-most senior officer in the Government of Ireland.

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The Fields of Athenry

"The Fields of Athenry" is an Irish folk ballad set during the Great Irish Famine (an Gorta Mór) or Great Irish Hunger (1845–1850) about a fictional man named Michael from near Athenry in County Galway who has been sentenced to transportation to Botany Bay, Australia, for stealing food for his starving family.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Ireland Funds

The Ireland Funds are a global fundraising network for people of Irish ancestry and friends of Ireland, dedicated to raising funds to support programs of peace and reconciliation, arts and culture, education and community development throughout the island of Ireland.

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The Pale

The Pale (An Pháil in Irish) or the English Pale (An Pháil Shasanach or An Ghalltacht) was the part of Ireland that was directly under the control of the English government in the late Middle Ages.

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The Sceptical Chymist

The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes is the title of a book by Robert Boyle, published in London in 1661.

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Thomas Croke

Thomas William Croke D.D. (28 May 1824 – 22 July 1902) was the second Catholic Bishop of Auckland, New Zealand (1870–74) and later Archbishop of Cashel and Emly in Ireland.

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Thomas Davis (Young Irelander)

Thomas Osborne Davis (14 October 1814 – 16 September 1845) was an Irish writer who was the chief organiser of the Young Ireland movement.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Tom Crean (explorer)

Thomas Crean (25 February 1877 – 27 July 1938), was an Irish seaman and Antarctic explorer who was awarded the Albert Medal.

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Touraine

Touraine is one of the traditional provinces of France.

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Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province

Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro is a historical province of Portugal located in the northeastern corner of the country.

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Tudor conquest of Ireland

The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place under the Tudor dynasty, which held the Kingdom of England during the 16th century.

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Ulaid

Ulaid (Old Irish) or Ulaidh (modern Irish)) was a Gaelic over-kingdom in north-eastern Ireland during the Middle Ages, made up of a confederation of dynastic groups. Alternative names include Ulidia, which is the Latin form of Ulaid, as well as in Chóicid, which in Irish means "the Fifth". The king of Ulaid was called the rí Ulad or rí in Chóicid. Ulaid also refers to a people of early Ireland, and it is from them that the province derives its name. Some of the dynasties within the over-kingdom claimed descent from the Ulaid, whilst others are cited as being of Cruithin descent. In historical documents, the term Ulaid was used to refer to the population-group, of which the Dál Fiatach was the ruling dynasty. As such the title Rí Ulad held two meanings: over-king of Ulaid; and king of the Ulaid, as in the Dál Fiatach. The Ulaid feature prominently in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. According to legend, the ancient territory of Ulaid spanned the whole of the modern province of Ulster, excluding County Cavan, but including County Louth. Its southern border was said to stretch from the River Drowes in the west to the River Boyne in the east. At the onset of the historic period of Irish history in the 6th century, the territory of Ulaid was largely confined to east of the River Bann, as it is said to have lost land to the Airgíalla and the Northern Uí Néill. Ulaid ceased to exist after its conquest in the late 12th century by the Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy, and was replaced with the Earldom of Ulster. An individual from Ulaid was known in Irish as an Ultach, the nominative plural being Ultaigh. This name lives on in the surname McAnulty or McNulty, from Mac an Ultaigh ("son of the Ulsterman").

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Ulster

Ulster (Ulaidh or Cúige Uladh, Ulster Scots: Ulstèr or Ulster) is a province in the north of the island of Ireland.

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Ulster Protestants

Ulster Protestants (Protastúnaigh Uladh) are an ethnoreligious group in the Irish province of Ulster, where they make up about 43% of the population.

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Ulster Scots dialects

Ulster Scots or Ulster-Scots (Ulstèr-Scotch), also known as Ullans, is the Scots language as spoken in parts of Ulster in Ireland.

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Ulster Scots people

The Ulster Scots (Ulster-Scots: Ulstèr-Scotch), also called Ulster-Scots people (Ulstèr-Scotch fowk) or, outside the British Isles, Scots-Irish (Scotch-Airisch), are an ethnic group in Ireland, found mostly in the Ulster region and to a lesser extent in the rest of Ireland.

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Unionism in Ireland

Unionism in Ireland is a political ideology that favours the continuation of some form of political union between the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Declaration of Independence

The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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University College Cork

University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork (UCC) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh) is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, and located in Cork.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

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Vergilius of Salzburg

Vergilius of Salzburg (also Virgilius, Feirgil or Fergal) (born c. 700 in Ireland; died 27 November 784 in Salzburg) was an Irish churchman and early astronomer; he served as abbot of Aghaboe, bishop of Ossory and later, bishop of Salzburg.

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Vikings

Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.

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W. B. Yeats

William Butler Yeats (13 June 186528 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Walt Disney

Walter Elias Disney (December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer.

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War of the Austrian Succession

The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa's succession to the Habsburg Monarchy.

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War of the Spanish Succession

The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700.

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Washington State University

Washington State University (WSU) is a public research university in Pullman, Washington, in the Palouse region of the northwest United States. Founded in 1890, WSU (colloquially "Wazzu") is a land-grant university with programs in a broad range of academic disciplines. It is ranked in the top 140 universities in America with high research activity, as determined by U.S. News & World Report. With an undergraduate enrollment of 24,470 and a total enrollment of 29,686, it is the second largest institution of higher education in Washington state behind the University of Washington. The university also operates campuses across Washington known as WSU Spokane, WSU Tri-Cities, WSU Everett and WSU Vancouver, all founded in 1989. In 2012, WSU launched an Internet-based Global Campus, which includes its online degree program, WSU Online. These campuses award primarily bachelor's and master's degrees. Freshmen and sophomores were first admitted to the Vancouver campus in 2006 and to the Tri-Cities campus in 2007. Enrollment for the four campuses and WSU Online exceeds 29,686 students. This includes 1,751 international students. WSU's athletic teams are called the Cougars and the school colors are crimson and gray. Six men's and nine women's varsity teams compete in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference. Both men's and women's indoor track teams compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.

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Waterford

Waterford (from Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr, meaning "ram (wether) fjord") is a city in Ireland.

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Würzburg

Würzburg (Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany.

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Wecta

Wecta (Old English: Wægdæg, Old Norse: Vegdagr) is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Historia Brittonum.

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Welsh people

The Welsh (Cymry) are a nation and ethnic group native to, or otherwise associated with, Wales, Welsh culture, Welsh history, and the Welsh language.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.

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Wihtlæg

Wihtlæg, Whitlæg, Wighlek, Wiglecus, Wiglek, Witlac or Viglek is a legendary king of either Denmark or Angeln in Germanic legends.

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William Brown (admiral)

William Brown (also known in Spanish as Guillermo Brown) (22 June 1777 – 3 March 1857) was an Irish-born Argentine admiral.

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William III of England

William III (Willem; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672 and King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.

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Y chromosome

The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals.

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Young Ireland

Young Ireland (Éire Óg) was a political, cultural and social movement of the mid-19th century.

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Zenit News Agency

ZENIT is a non-profit news agency that reports on the Catholic Church and matters important to it from the perspective of Catholic doctrine.

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Black Irish, Black Scot, Dark Irish, Genetic history of Ireland, Irelander, Irelanders, Irish (people), Irish People, Irish ancestry, Irish descent, Irish ethnicity, Irish folks, Irish genetics, Irishes, Irishman, Irishmen, Irishwoman, Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil, People of Ireland, People of Southern Ireland, People of the Republic of Ireland.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people

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