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Blackface

Index Blackface

Blackface was and is a form of theatrical make-up used predominantly by non-black performers to represent a caricature of a black person. [1]

431 relations: A Mighty Heart, Abolitionism in the United States, Abram Petrovich Gannibal, Advertising Standards Authority (South Africa), Africa–China relations, African Americans, African-American culture, African-American English, African-American music, African-American upper class, African-American Vernacular English, Afrikaans, Afro-Brazilians, Afro-Mexicans, Al Jolson, Alston, Cumbria, American Civil War, Amiri Baraka, Amos 'n' Andy, Angelina Jolie, Apollo Theater, Are You Being Served?, Art Deco, Ashton Kutcher, Asian Mexicans, Associated Press, Audio commentary, Bacup, Ballet, Bamboozled, Banania, Banjo, Barack Obama, Barbary pirates, BBC, Beanie Babies, Bert Williams, Betty Grable, Betty Hutton, Billy Crystal, Bing Crosby, Black Act, Black people, Blackface in contemporary art, Bob Marley, Bob Sarles, Bob Wills, Bones (instrument), Border Morris, Boston, ..., Brand, Brass instrument, Brett Ratner, Britannia Coco-nut Dancers, Bruce Norris (playwright), Buffalo, New York, Bugs Bunny, Buster Keaton, C. Thomas Howell, Caboclo, Cakewalk, Cambridge University Press, Camp (style), Cape Town, Cartoon, CCTV New Year's Gala, Censored Eleven, Chain store, Charles Callender, Charles Hicks, Charles Mathews, Chespirito, Chester Morris, Chicago Sun-Times, Chuck Knipp, Chulalongkorn, Civil rights movement, Clown, Cologne Carnival, Color line (racism), Coloureds, Comic strip, Constance Rourke, Cool (aesthetic), Coolie, Coon Chicken Inn, Coon song, Cornwall, Country music, Crank Yankers, Creole peoples, Cross-dressing, Cultural appropriation, Cultural artifact, Cultural assimilation, Cultural studies, Culture Club, D. W. Griffith, Dan Aykroyd, Dan Emmett, Dandy, Daniel Pearl, Darlie, Dea Loher, Demonstration (protest), Denholm Elliott, Dennis Morgan, Dixieland, Do You Really Want to Hurt Me, Domestic worker, Don Juan's Reckless Daughter, Donald O'Connor, Doris Day, Double album, Double entendre, Dragon Ball Z, Duke University Press, Eddie Cantor, Eddie Murphy, Edwin Forrest, Edwin G. Burrows, Edwin Pearce Christy, Elizabethan era, Elvis Presley, Eminem, Emoji, English Renaissance theatre, Entr'acte, Essence (magazine), Ethnic group, Ethnic stereotype, Exploitation of labour, Facebook, Fan film, Führer, Ferris State University, Film, Film adaptations of Uncle Tom's Cabin, Fisk Jubilee Singers, Flora Robson, Florence Kate Upton, Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., Folha de S.Paulo, Folk dance, Folk play, Forbidden Zone, Frank Zappa, Fred Armisen, Fred Astaire, Frederick Douglass, Fuji TV, Ganguro, Gary Giddins, George E. Stone, George Washington Dixon, Girls Like Us, Golliwog, Googly eyes, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, Grace Jones, Grace Slick, Gregory Charles, Guise dancing, Guy Fawkes Night, Haitians, Hajji Firuz, Halloween, Harlem, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harry Connick Jr., Harvard University Press, HEC Montréal, Hee Haw, Herb Gardner, Hergé, Hey Hey It's Saturday, Hip hop, Hobo, How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor, I'm Not Rappaport, Identity tourism, Inn (river), Iranian folklore, Ireland, Irene Dunne, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, J. H. Haverly, Jack in the Green, Jacobean era, James Monroe Trotter, Jamie Lee Curtis, Jan Kruis, Japanese hip hop, Javanese people, Jay-Z, Jazz, Jazz Age, Jefferson Airplane, Jews, Jim Crow laws, Jimmie Rodgers (country singer), Jimmy Kimmel, Jimmy Morales, Joan Crawford, Joe's Garage, John Strausbaugh, John Street Theatre (Manhattan), Joni Mitchell, Juba dance, Judy Garland, Julianne Hough, Jump Jim Crow, Justin Bieber, Jynx, Kaapse Klopse, Karl Malone, Krewe, La Bayadère, LA Weekly, Lancashire, Lather (song), Laurel and Hardy, Laurence Olivier, Leon Schuster, Lethal Weapon, Lewes Bonfire, Lewis Hallam Jr., Library of Congress Control Number, List of black video game characters, List of blackface minstrel songs, List of blackface minstrel troupes, List of entertainers who performed in blackface, List of ethnic slurs, List of Kinnikuman characters, Little Britain, Louis Armstrong, Luis Ernesto Derbez, Mad Men, Malays (ethnic group), Mammy archetype, March of Dimes, Marching band, Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Mariane Pearl, Marion Davies, May Day, Medway Council, Melodrama, Memín Pinguín, Mestizo, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Metropolitan Opera, Mezz Mezzrow, Michael Jackson, Michael Steele, Michael Winterbottom, Michel Fokine, Mick Jagger, Mickey Rooney, Mickey's Mellerdrammer, Mike Wallace (historian), Milton Berle, Minority leader, Minstrel, Minstrel show, Molly dance, Momoiro Clover Z, Moms Mabley, Morris dance, Mummer's Day, Mummers Parade, Museum of Broadcast Communications, Music hall, Music video, Musical instrument, Myrna Loy, NAACP, Nat King Cole, National Basketball Association, Negro, New York City, New York Friars Club, Niche market, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Northern United States, Nowruz, Oingo Boingo, Old American Company, Orange Is the New Black, Orson Welles, Ossie Davis, Otello, Othello, Othello (1965 British film), Oulu, Oxford University Press, P. K. Subban, Padstow, Page (servant), Papa Lazarou, Paul Scheer, PBS, Percussion instrument, Perfetti Van Melle, Petrushka (ballet), Philadelphia, Pickaninny, Poaching, Pokémon, Political correctness, Polyrhythm, Popchips, Portrayal of East Asians in American film and theater, Prejudice, Puttin' On the Ritz, Race (human categorization), Racebending, Racial discrimination, Racial segregation in the United States, Rats & Star, Rebecca Riots, Reconstruction era, Republican Party (United States), Richard Elfman, Richard Rodriguez, Roast (comedy), Robert Downey Jr., Robert H. Michel, Rochester, Kent, Rock et Belles Oreilles, Roger Sterling, Rotten Tomatoes, Run-DMC, Salé Rovers, Sam Hague, Sam Lucas, Sambo (racial term), Sammy Davis Jr., Sanrio, Saratoga Trunk, Satire, Saturday Night Live, Save the Pearls: Revealing Eden, Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov), Scimitar, Semang, Shirley Temple, Shtick, Siedah Garrett, Sina Weibo, Sinterklaas, Sjors & Sjimmie, Slave to the Rhythm (Grace Jones song), Slavery in the United States, Snapchat, Soul Man (film), Southern Fried Rabbit, Southern United States, Spike Lee, Spiritual (music), St. Martin's Day, Stage name, Star singers, Stellenbosch University, Stephen Foster, Steve Gilliard, Sussex Bonfire Societies, Taboo, Taco (musician), Tambourine, Ted Danson, Teen Vogue, Television show, Thailand, Théâtre du Rideau Vert, The Bahamas, The Birth of a Nation, The Black and White Minstrel Show, The Boston Globe, The Guardian, The Historical Journal, The Jazz Singer, The League of Gentlemen, The Man Show, The New York Times Company, The Padlock, The Princess Bride, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, The Story of Little Black Sambo, The Three Stooges, The Wall Street Journal, Theatre Owners Booking Association, This Is the Army, Thomas D. Rice, Tim Moore (comedian), Tintin in the Congo, Tracy Chapman, Trading Places, Transgender, Tropic Thunder, Twitter, Tyrol (state), UB40, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Underground film, United Artists, United States House of Representatives, United States Senate, University of Pretoria, Usain Bolt, Variety show, Vaslav Nijinsky, Victoria Foyt, Virginia Minstrels, Vladimir Vysotsky, Vodacom, Voodoo Macbeth, Warner Bros., Wörgl, Whiteface (performance), Whoopi Goldberg, William Holden, Wog, Young adult fiction, YouTube, Zulu people, Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club, Zwarte Piet, 1979 in music, 4:44 (album), 5 Para A Meia-Noite. Expand index (381 more) »

A Mighty Heart

A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Daniel Pearl (also subtitled A Mighty Heart: The Inside Story of the Al Qaeda Kidnapping of Danny Pearl) (2003) is a memoir by Mariane Pearl, a freelance French journalist.

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Abolitionism in the United States

Abolitionism in the United States was the movement before and during the American Civil War to end slavery in the United States.

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Abram Petrovich Gannibal

Abram Petrovich Gannibal, also Hannibal or Ganibal, or Abram Hannibal or Abram Petrov (Абра́м Петро́вич Ганниба́л; 1696 – 14 May 1781), was a Russian military engineer, general, and nobleman of African origin.

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Advertising Standards Authority (South Africa)

The Advertising Standards Authority of South Africa (abbreviated ASA) is an independent entity organised and financed by members of the marketing communications industry of South Africa.

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Africa–China relations

Sino-African relations refers to the historical, political, economic, military, social and cultural connections between China and the African continent.

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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African-American culture

African-American culture, also known as Black-American culture, refers to the contributions of African Americans to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from mainstream American culture.

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African-American English

African-American English (AAE), also known as Black English in North American linguistics, is the set of English dialects primarily spoken by most black people in North America; most commonly, it refers to a dialect continuum ranging from African-American Vernacular English to a more standard English.

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African-American music

African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of musics and musical genres largely developed by African Americans.

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African-American upper class

The African-American upper class consists of African-American engineers, lawyers, accountants, doctors, politicians, business executives, venture capitalists, CEOs, celebrities, entertainers, entrepreneurs and heirs who have incomes amounting to $200,000 or more.

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African-American Vernacular English

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), known less precisely as Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), Black Vernacular English (BVE), or colloquially Ebonics (a controversial term), is the variety (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of English natively spoken by most working- and middle-class African Americans and some Black Canadians, particularly in urban communities.

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Afrikaans

Afrikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe.

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Afro-Brazilians

Afro-Brazilians (afro-brasileiros) are Brazilian people who have African ancestry.

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Afro-Mexicans

Afro-Mexicans (afromexicanos; negros; afrodescendientes.), also known as Black Mexicans are Mexicans who have both a predominant heritage from Sub-Saharan Africa and identify as such.

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Al Jolson

Al or Albert Jolson (born Asa Yoelson; May 26, c.1886 – October 23, 1950) was an American singer, comedian, and stage and film actor.

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Alston, Cumbria

Alston is a small town in Cumbria, England, within the civil parish of Alston Moor on the River South Tyne.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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Amiri Baraka

Amiri Baraka (born Everett LeRoi Jones; October 7, 1934 – January 9, 2014), previously known as LeRoi Jones and Imamu Amear Baraka, was an African-American writer of poetry, drama, fiction, essays and music criticism.

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Amos 'n' Andy

Amos 'n' Andy is an American radio and television sitcom set in Harlem, Manhattan's historic black community.

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Angelina Jolie

Angelina Jolie (born Angelina Jolie Voight, June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian.

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Apollo Theater

The Apollo Theater at 253 West 125th Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard (formerly Seventh Avenue) and Frederick Douglass Boulevard (formerly Eighth Avenue) in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, pp.528-29 is a music hall which is a noted venue for African-American performers.

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Are You Being Served?

Are You Being Served? is a British sitcom created and written by executive producer David Croft (Croft also directed some episodes), and Jeremy Lloyd with contributions from Michael Knowles and John Chapman, for the BBC.

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Art Deco

Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.

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Ashton Kutcher

Christopher Ashton Kutcher (born February 7, 1978) is an American actor and investor.

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Asian Mexicans

Asian Mexicans (mexicanos asiáticos; asiomexicanos) are Mexicans of Asian descent.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Audio commentary

An audio commentary is an additional audio track, usually digital, consisting of a lecture or comments by one or more speakers, that plays in real time with a video.

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Bacup

Bacup is a town in Lancashire, England, in the South Pennines close to Lancashire's boundary with West Yorkshire.

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Ballet

Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.

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Bamboozled

Bamboozled is a 2000 satirical comedy-drama film written and directed by Spike Lee about a modern televised minstrel show featuring black actors donning blackface makeup and the resulting violent fallout from the show's success.

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Banania

Banania is a popular chocolate drink found most widely distributed in France.

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Banjo

The banjo is a four-, five- or six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator, called the head.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Barbary pirates

The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Ottoman pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Beanie Babies

Beanie Babies are a line of stuffed animal plush toys created by Ty Warner, who founded Ty Inc..

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Bert Williams

Bert Williams (November 12, 1874 – March 4, 1922) was a Bahamian American entertainer, one of the pre-eminent entertainers of the Vaudeville era and one of the most popular comedians for all audiences of his time.

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Betty Grable

Elizabeth Ruth "Betty" Grable (December 18, 1916 – July 2, 1973) was an American actress, pin-up girl, dancer, and singer.

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Betty Hutton

Betty Hutton (born Elizabeth June Thornburg; February 26, 1921 – March 12, 2007) was an American stage, film, and television actress, comedian, dancer, and singer.

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Billy Crystal

William Edward Crystal (born March 14, 1948)On page 17 of his book 700 Sundays, Crystal displays his birth announcement, which gives his first two names as "William Edward", not "William Jacob" is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian, and television host.

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Bing Crosby

Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby Jr. (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977)Giddins 2001, pp.

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Black Act

The Black Act (9 Geo. 1 c. 22) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed in 1723 in response to a series of raids by two groups of poachers, known as the Blacks.

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Black people

Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other populations.

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Blackface in contemporary art

Blackface in contemporary art covers issues from stage make-up used to make non-black performers appear black (the traditional meaning of blackface), to non-black creators using black personas.

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Bob Marley

Robert Nesta Marley, OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter who became an international musical and cultural icon, blending mostly reggae, ska, and rocksteady in his compositions.

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Bob Sarles

Bob Sarles is a film & television editor and filmmaker based in San Francisco and Los Angeles.

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Bob Wills

James Robert Wills (March 6, 1905 – May 13, 1975) was an American Western swing musician, songwriter, and bandleader.

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Bones (instrument)

The bones are a musical instrument (more specifically, a folk instrument) which, at the simplest, consists of a pair of animal bones, or pieces of wood or a similar material.

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Border Morris

Border Morris is a collection of individual local dances from villages along the English side of the Wales–England border in the counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Shropshire.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Brand

A brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes an organization or product from its rivals in the eyes of the customer.

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Brass instrument

A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips.

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Brett Ratner

Brett Ratner (born March 28, 1969) is an American director and producer.

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Britannia Coco-nut Dancers

The Britannia Coco-nut Dancers or Nutters are a troupe of Lancastrian clog dancers who perform every Easter in Bacup, dancing across the town.

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Bruce Norris (playwright)

Bruce Norris (born May 16, 1960) is an American actor and playwright associated with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company of Chicago.

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Buffalo, New York

Buffalo is the second largest city in the state of New York and the 81st most populous city in the United States.

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Bugs Bunny

Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, created in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons) and voiced originally by Mel Blanc.

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Buster Keaton

Joseph Frank "Buster" Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an American actor, comedian, film director, producer, screenwriter, and stunt performer.

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C. Thomas Howell

Christopher Thomas Howell (born December 7, 1966), known as C. Thomas Howell, is an American actor and director.

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Caboclo

A caboclo (also pronounced "caboco"; from Brazilian Portuguese, perhaps ultimately from Tupi kaa'boc, means a "person having copper-coloured skin") (English: cabloke) is a person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and European ancestry (the first, most common use), or a culturally assimilated person of full Amerindian descent.

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Cakewalk

The cakewalk or cake walk was a dance developed from the "prize walks" held in the late 19th century, generally at get-togethers on black slave plantations after emancipation in the Southern United States.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Camp (style)

Camp is an aesthetic style and sensibility that regards something as appealing because of its bad taste and ironic value.

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Cape Town

Cape Town (Kaapstad,; Xhosa: iKapa) is a coastal city in South Africa.

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Cartoon

A cartoon is a type of illustration, possibly animated, typically in a non-realistic or semi-realistic style.

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CCTV New Year's Gala

The CCTV New Year's Gala, also known as the Spring Festival Gala, and commonly abbreviated in Chinese as Chunwan, is a Chinese New Year special produced by China Central Television (CCTV).

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Censored Eleven

The Censored Eleven is a group of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons originally produced and released by Warner Bros. that were withheld from syndication by United Artists (UA) in 1968.

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Chain store

Chain store(s) or retail chain(s) are retail outlets that share a brand and central management, and usually have standardized business methods and practices.

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Charles Callender

Charles Callender was the owner of blackface minstrel troupes that featured African American performers.

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Charles Hicks

Charles Barney Hicks (? – 1902) was an African-American advance man, manager, performer, and owner of blackface minstrel troupes composed of African-American performers.

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Charles Mathews

Charles Mathews (28 June 1776, London – 28 June 1835, Devonport) was an English theatre manager and comic actor, well known during his time for his gift of impersonation and skill at table entertainment.

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Chespirito

Roberto Gómez Bolaños (21 February 1929 – 28 November 2014), more commonly known by his stage name Chespirito, or "Little Shakespeare" was a Mexican screenwriter, actor, comedian, film director, television director, playwright, songwriter, and author.

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Chester Morris

John Chester Brooks Morris (February 16, 1901 – September 11, 1970) was an American stage, film, television, and radio actor.

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Chicago Sun-Times

The Chicago Sun-Times is a daily newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

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Chuck Knipp

Chuck Knipp (born 1961) is an American Canadian (dual citizenship) comedian best known for his controversial vocal characterisations heard on radio – the "Mammy Welfare Queen", Shirley Q. Liquor; histrionic North Dakota Marge; Orangefield resident Delbert Peveto; and the tragic searcher for any kind of spirituality, Betty Butterfield.

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Chulalongkorn

Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama V (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri.

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Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.

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Clown

Clowns are comic performers who employ slapstick or similar types of physical comedy, often in a mime style.

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Cologne Carnival

The Cologne Carnival (Kölner Karneval) is a carnival that takes place every year in Cologne, Germany.

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Color line (racism)

The term color line was originally used as a reference to the racial segregation that existed in the United States after the abolition of slavery.

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Coloureds

Coloureds (Kleurlinge) are a multiracial ethnic group native to Southern Africa who have ancestry from various populations inhabiting the region, including Khoisan, Bantu speakers, Afrikaners, and sometimes also Austronesians and South Asians.

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Comic strip

A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions.

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Constance Rourke

Constance Mayfield Rourke (November 14, 1885 – March 29, 1941) was an American author and educator.

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Cool (aesthetic)

Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.

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Coolie

The word coolie (also spelled koelie, kuli, cooli, cooly and quli); (Hindi: कुली, Tamil: கூலி, Telugu: కూలీ, Chinese: 苦力) meaning a labourer, has a variety of other implications and is sometimes regarded as offensive or a pejorative, depending upon the historical and geographical context.

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Coon Chicken Inn

Coon Chicken Inn was an American chain of four restaurants founded by Maxon Lester Graham and Adelaide Burt in 1925, which prospered until the late 1950s.

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Coon song

Coon songs were a genre of music that presented a stereotyped image of black people.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Country music

Country music, also known as country and western or simply country, is a genre of popular music that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.

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Crank Yankers

Crank Yankers is an American television show produced by Adam Carolla, Jimmy Kimmel and Daniel Kellison that featured actual crank calls made by show regulars and celebrity guests and re-enacted onscreen by puppets for a visual aid to show the viewer what is happening in the call.

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Creole peoples

Creole peoples (and its cognates in other languages such as crioulo, criollo, creolo, créole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kreol, kriol, krio, kriyoyo, etc.) are ethnic groups which originated from creolisation, linguistic, cultural and racial mixing between colonial-era emigrants from Europe with non-European peoples, climates and cuisines.

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Cross-dressing

Cross-dressing is the act of wearing items of clothing and other accoutrements commonly associated with the opposite sex within a particular society.

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Cultural appropriation

Cultural appropriation is a concept dealing with the adoption of the elements of a minority culture by members of the dominant culture.

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Cultural artifact

A cultural artifact, or cultural artefact (see American and British English spelling differences), is a term used in the social sciences, particularly anthropology, ethnology and sociology for anything created by humans which gives information about the culture of its creator and users.

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Cultural assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble those of a dominant group.

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Cultural studies

Cultural studies is a field of theoretically, politically, and empirically engaged cultural analysis that concentrates upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture, its historical foundations, defining traits, conflicts, and contingencies.

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Culture Club

Culture Club are an English new wave band that formed in London in 1981.

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D. W. Griffith

David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American director, writer, and producer who pioneered modern cinematic techniques.

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Dan Aykroyd

Daniel Edward Aykroyd (born July 1, 1952) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, musician, and filmmaker.

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Dan Emmett

Daniel Decatur "Dan" Emmett (October 29, 1815 – June 28, 1904) was an American songwriter, entertainer, and founder of the first troupe of the blackface minstrel tradition, the Virginia Minstrels.

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Dandy

A dandy, historically, is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance, refined language, and leisurely hobbies, pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self.

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Daniel Pearl

Daniel Pearl (October 10, 1963 – February 1, 2002) was a journalist for The Wall Street Journal with American and Israeli citizenship.

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Darlie

Darlie, formerly known as Darkie, is a toothpaste brand of Hawley & Hazel Chemical Company (Official Slogan: 'Powering Your Smile.').

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Dea Loher

Dea Loher is a German playwright and author.

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Demonstration (protest)

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.

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Denholm Elliott

Denholm Mitchell Elliott, CBE (31 May 1922 – 6 October 1992) was an English actor, with more than 120 film and television credits.

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Dennis Morgan

Dennis Morgan (born Earl Stanley Morner, December 20, 1908 – September 7, 1994) was an American actor-singer.

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Dixieland

Dixieland, sometimes referred to as hot jazz or traditional jazz, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century.

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Do You Really Want to Hurt Me

"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" is a song written and recorded by the British new wave band Culture Club.

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Domestic worker

A domestic worker, domestic helper, domestic servant, manservant or menial, is a person who works within the employer's household.

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Don Juan's Reckless Daughter

Don Juan's Reckless Daughter is a 1977 double album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell.

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Donald O'Connor

Donald David Dixon Ronald O’Connor (August 28, 1925 – September 27, 2003) was an American dancer, singer, and actor who came to fame in a series of movies in which he co-starred alternately with Gloria Jean, Peggy Ryan, and Francis the Talking Mule.

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Doris Day

Doris Day (born Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff; April 3, 1922) is an American actress, singer, and animal welfare activist.

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Double album

A double album (or double record) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold, typically records and compact disc.

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Double entendre

A double entendre is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to be understood in two ways, having a double meaning.

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Dragon Ball Z

is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation.

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Duke University Press

Duke University Press is an academic publisher of books and journals, and a unit of Duke University.

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Eddie Cantor

Eddie Cantor (born Edward Israel Itzkowitz, January 31, 1892 – October 10, 1964) was an American "illustrated song" performer, comedian, dancer, singer, actor, and songwriter.

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Eddie Murphy

Edward Regan Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American comedian, actor, writer, singer, and producer.

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Edwin Forrest

Edwin Forrest (March 9, 1806 – December 12, 1872) was a prominent nineteenth-century American Shakespearean actor.

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Edwin G. Burrows

Edwin G. "Ted" Burrows (May 15, 1943 – May 4, 2018) was a Distinguished Professor of History at Brooklyn College.

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Edwin Pearce Christy

Edwin Pearce Christy (November 28, 1815 – May 21, 1862) was an American composer, singer, actor and stage producer.

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Elizabethan era

The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603).

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Elvis Presley

Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer and actor.

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Eminem

Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, and actor.

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Emoji

are ideograms and smileys used in electronic messages and web pages.

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English Renaissance theatre

English Renaissance theatre—also known as early modern English theatre and Elizabethan theatre—refers to the theatre of England between 1562 and 1642.

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Entr'acte

(or entracte; German: and, Italian: intermezzo, Spanish) means "between the acts".

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Essence (magazine)

Essence is a monthly magazine for African-American women between the ages of 18 and 49.

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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Ethnic stereotype

An ethnic stereotype, national stereotype, or national character is a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group or nationality, their status, society and cultural norms.

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Exploitation of labour

Exploitation of labour is the act of treating one's workers unfairly for one's own benefit.

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Facebook

Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.

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Fan film

A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators.

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Führer

Führer (These are also cognates of the Latin peritus ("experienced"), Sanskrit piparti "brings over" and the Greek poros "passage, way".-->, spelled Fuehrer when the umlaut is not available) is a German word meaning "leader" or "guide".

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Ferris State University

Ferris State University (FSU, Ferris) is an American public university with its main campus in Big Rapids, Michigan.

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Film

A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving pícture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images.

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Film adaptations of Uncle Tom's Cabin

A number of film adaptations of Uncle Tom's Cabin have been made over the years.

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Fisk Jubilee Singers

The Fisk Jubilee Singers are an African-American a cappella ensemble, consisting of students at Fisk University.

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Flora Robson

Dame Flora McKenzie Robson, (28 March 19027 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity.

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Florence Kate Upton

Florence Kate Upton (22 February 1873 – 16 October 1922) was an American-born English cartoonist and author most famous for her Golliwogg series of children's books.

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Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.

Florenz Edward Ziegfeld Jr. (March 21, 1867 – July 22, 1932), popularly known as Flo Ziegfeld, was an American Broadway impresario, notable for his series of theatrical revues, the Ziegfeld Follies (1907–1931), inspired by the Folies Bergère of Paris.

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Folha de S.Paulo

Folha de S.Paulo, also known as Folha de São Paulo, or simply Folha (Sheet), is a Brazilian daily newspaper founded in 1921 under the name Folha da Noite and published in São Paulo by the Folha da Manhã company.

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Folk dance

A folk dance is developed by people that reflect the life of the people of a certain country or region.

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Folk play

Folk plays such as Hoodening, Guising, Mummers Play and Soul Caking are generally verse sketches performed in countryside pubs in European countries, private houses or the open air, at set times of the year such as the Winter or Summer solstices or Christmas and New Year.

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Forbidden Zone

Forbidden Zone is a 1980 American musical fantasy comedy film directed and produced by Richard Elfman, and co-written by Elfman and fellow Mystic Knights member Matthew Bright.

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Frank Zappa

Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, activist and filmmaker.

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Fred Armisen

Fereydun Robert "Fred" Armisen (born December 4, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician.

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Fred Astaire

Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 – June 22, 1987) was an American dancer, singer, actor, choreographer and television presenter.

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Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; – February 20, 1895) was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman.

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Fuji TV

is a Japanese television station based in Odaiba, Minato, Tokyo, Japan, also known as or CX, based on the station's call sign "JOCX-DTV".

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Ganguro

is an alternative fashion trend among young Japanese women that started in the mid-1990s, distinguished by a dark tan and contrasting make-up liberally applied by fashionistas.

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Gary Giddins

Gary Giddins (born March 21, 1948) is an American jazz and film critic, author, and director, best known for his longtime work with The Village Voice.

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George E. Stone

George E. Stone (born George Stein, May 18, 1903 – May 26, 1967) was Polish-born American character actor in movies, radio, and television.

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George Washington Dixon

George Washington Dixon (1801?Many biographies list his birth year as 1808, but Cockrell, Demons of Disorder, 189, argues that 1801 is the correct date. This is based on Dixon's records at a New Orleans hospital, which list him as 60 years old in 1861, and a December 11, 1841 article in the Flash that says he was born "some forty years ago". – March 2, 1861) was an American singer, stage actor, and newspaper editor.

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Girls Like Us

Girls Like Us is a 1997 documentary film directed byTina Di Feliciantonio and Jane C. Wagner.

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Golliwog

The golliwog, golliwogg or golly is a black fictional character created by Florence Kate Upton that appears in children's books in the late 19th century and usually depicted as a type of rag doll.

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Googly eyes

Googly eyes, or jiggly eyes, are small plastic craft supplies used to imitate eyeballs.

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Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898

Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 is a non-fiction book by historians Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace.

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Grace Jones

Grace Beverly Jones (born 19 May 1948) is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, supermodel, record producer, and actress.

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Grace Slick

Grace Barnett Slick (born October 30, 1939) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, artist, and former model, widely known in rock and roll history for her role in San Francisco's burgeoning psychedelic music scene in the mid-1960s.

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Gregory Charles

Gregory Charles, OC (born February 12, 1968) is a Quebec performing artist of Trinidadian and French Canadian origin.

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Guise dancing

Guise dancing (sometimes known as goose, goosey or geese dancing) is a form of community mumming practiced during the twelve days of Christmastide, that is, between Christmas Day and Twelfth Night (traditionally also Plough Monday, and some parish feasts) in Cornwall, England, UK.

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Guy Fawkes Night

Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Day, Bonfire Night and Firework Night, is an annual commemoration observed on 5 November, primarily in Great Britain.

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Haitians

Haitians (French: Haïtiens, Haitian: Ayisyen) are people affiliated with Haiti.

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Hajji Firuz

Haji Firuz (حاجی فیروز – Hāji Firuz) or Khwaja Piruz (خواجه پیروز – Xwāje Piruz), also spelled Hajji Firuz, is a fictional character in Iranian folklore who appears in the streets by the beginning of Nowruz.

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Halloween

Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.

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Harlem

Harlem is a large neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan.

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author.

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Harry Connick Jr.

Joseph Harry Fowler Connick Jr. (born September 11, 1967) is an American singer, composer, actor, and television host.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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HEC Montréal

HEC Montréal (formerly École des hautes études commerciales de Montréal) is a Canadian business school located in Montreal, Canada.

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Hee Haw

Hee Haw was an American television variety show featuring country music and humor with the fictional rural "Kornfield Kounty" as a backdrop.

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Herb Gardner

Herbert George Gardner (December 28, 1934 – September 25, 2003), better known as Herb Gardner, was an American commercial artist, cartoonist, playwright and screenwriter.

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Hergé

Georges Prosper Remi (22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Hergé, was a Belgian cartoonist.

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Hey Hey It's Saturday

Hey Hey It's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television.

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Hip hop

Hip hop, or hip-hop, is a subculture and art movement developed in the Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.

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Hobo

A hobo is a migrant worker or homeless vagrant, especially one who is impoverished.

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How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor

How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor (Сказ про то, как царь Пётр арапа женил, Skaz pro to, kak tsar Pyotr arapa zhenil) is a 1976 musical film directed by the Russian filmmaker Aleksandr Mitta.

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I'm Not Rappaport

I'm Not Rappaport is a play by Herb Gardner, which originally ran on Broadway in 1985.

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Identity tourism

Identity tourism research dates back to a 1984 special issue of Annals of Tourism Research guest edited by Pierre L. van den Berghe and Charles F. Keyes This volume examines the ways in which tourism intersects with the (re-)formation and revision of various forms of identity, particularly ethnic and cultural identities.

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Inn (river)

The Inn (Aenus; En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany.

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Iranian folklore

Iranian folklore encompasses the folk traditions that have evolved in Iran.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

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Irene Dunne

Irene Dunne (born Irene Marie Dunn, December 20, 1898 – September 4, 1990) was an American film actress and singer of the 1930s, 1940s and early 1950s.

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It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia

It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American sitcom that first premiered on FX on August 4, 2005 and has since moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season.

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J. H. Haverly

Jack H. Haverly (1837-1901) or J. H. Haverly was an entrepreneur and promoter of blackface minstrel shows.

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Jack in the Green

Jack in the Green, also known as Jack o' the Green, is an English folk custom associated with the celebration of May Day.

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Jacobean era

The Jacobean era refers to the period in English and Scottish history that coincides with the reign of James VI of Scotland (1567–1625), who also inherited the crown of England in 1603 as James I. The Jacobean era succeeds the Elizabethan era and precedes the Caroline era, and is often used for the distinctive styles of Jacobean architecture, visual arts, decorative arts, and literature which characterized that period.

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James Monroe Trotter

James Monroe Trotter (February 7, 1842 – February 26, 1892) was an American teacher, soldier, employee of the United States Post Office Department, a music historian, and Recorder of Deeds in Washington, D.C. Born into slavery in Mississippi, he, his two sisters and their mother Letitia were freed by their master, the child's father, and helped to move to Cincinnati, Ohio.

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Jamie Lee Curtis

Jamie Lee Haden-Guest, Baroness Haden-Guest (née Curtis; born November 22, 1958), commonly known as Jamie Lee Curtis, is an American actress and author.

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Jan Kruis

Johannes Andries “Jan” Kruis (8 June 1933 – 19 January 2017) was a Dutch comics artist most well known for the family strip Jack, Jacky and the Juniors (Jan, Jans en de Kinderen).

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Japanese hip hop

Japanese hip hop (also known as J-rap, J-hip hop or J-hop) is said to have begun when Hiroshi Fujiwara returned to Japan and started playing hip hop records in the early 1980s.

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Javanese people

The Javanese (Ngoko Javanese:, Madya Javanese:,See: Javanese language: Politeness Krama Javanese:, Ngoko Gêdrìk: wòng Jåwå, Madya Gêdrìk: tiyang Jawi, Krama Gêdrìk: priyantun Jawi, Indonesian: suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java.

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Jay-Z

Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969) known professionally as Jay-Z (stylized JAY-Z), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and entrepreneur.

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Jazz

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.

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Jazz Age

The Jazz Age was a period in the 1920s and 1930s in which jazz music and dance styles rapidly gained nationwide popularity.

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Jefferson Airplane

Jefferson Airplane, a rock band based in San Francisco, California, was one of the pioneering bands of psychedelic rock.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)

James Charles Rodgers (September 8, 1897 – May 26, 1933), professionally Jimmie Rodgers, was an American country, blues and folk singer, songwriter and musician in the early 20th century, known most widely for his rhythmic yodeling.

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Jimmy Kimmel

James Christian Kimmel (born November 13, 1967) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer.

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Jimmy Morales

Jimmy Morales (born James Ernesto Morales Cabrera; 18 March 1969) is a Guatemalan politician, who won the 2015 Guatemalan presidential election with over 67 percent of the vote in the second round.

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Joan Crawford

Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; March 23, c. 1904 – May 10, 1977) was an American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer and stage showgirl. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on its list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Beginning her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies, before debuting as a chorus girl on Broadway, Crawford signed a motion picture contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925. In the 1930s, Crawford's fame rivaled, and later outlasted, MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo. Crawford often played hard-working young women who find romance and success. These stories were well received by Depression-era audiences, and were popular with women. Crawford became one of Hollywood's most prominent movie stars, and one of the highest-paid women in the United States, but her films began losing money, and, by the end of the 1930s, she was labelled "box office poison". But her career gradually improved in the early 1940s, and she made a major comeback in 1945 by starring in Mildred Pierce, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She would go on to receive Best Actress nominations for Possessed (1947) and Sudden Fear (1952). She continued to act in film and television throughout the 1950s and 1960s; she achieved box office success with the highly successful horror film Whatever Happened To Baby Jane? (1962), in which she starred alongside Bette Davis, her long-time rival. In 1955, Crawford became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman Alfred Steele. After his death in 1959, Crawford was elected to fill his vacancy on the board of directors, serving until she was forcibly retired in 1973. After the release of the British horror film Trog in 1970, Crawford retired from the screen. Following a public appearance in 1974, after which unflattering photographs were published, Crawford withdrew from public life and became increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977. Crawford married four times. Her first three marriages ended in divorce; the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele. She adopted five children, one of whom was reclaimed by his birth mother. Crawford's relationships with her two elder children, Christina and Christopher, were acrimonious. Crawford disinherited the two, and, after Crawford's death, Christina wrote a well-known "tell-all" memoir titled Mommie Dearest (1978).

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Joe's Garage

Joe's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979.

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John Strausbaugh

John Strausbaugh (born Baltimore, Maryland, 1951) is an American author, cultural commentator, and host of The New York Times Weekend Explorer video podcast series on New York City.

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John Street Theatre (Manhattan)

John Street Theatre, situated at 15-21 John Street, sometimes called "The Birthplace of American Theatre," was the first permanent theatre in New York.

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Joni Mitchell

Roberta Joan "Joni" Mitchell, CC (née Anderson; born November 7, 1943) is a Canadian singer-songwriter.

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Juba dance

The Juba dance or hambone, originally known as Pattin' Juba (Giouba, Haiti: Djouba), is an African American style of dance that involves stomping as well as slapping and patting the arms, legs, chest, and cheeks.

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Judy Garland

Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American singer, actress, and vaudevillian.

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Julianne Hough

Julianne Alexandra Hough (born July 20, 1988) is an American dancer, singer, and actress.

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Jump Jim Crow

"Jump Jim Crow" or "Jim Crow" (sometimes "John Crow") is a song and dance from 1828 that was done in blackface by white minstrel performer Thomas Dartmouth (T. D.) "Daddy" Rice.

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Justin Bieber

Justin Drew Bieber (born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, actor and songwriter.

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Jynx

Jynx, known in Japan as, is a Pokémon species in Nintendo and Game Freak's Pokémon franchise.

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Kaapse Klopse

The Kaapse Klopse (or simply Klopse) is a minstrel festival that takes place annually on 2 January and it is also referred to as Tweede Nuwe jaar (Second New Year), in Cape Town, South Africa.

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Karl Malone

Karl Anthony Malone (born July 24, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player.

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Krewe

A krewe (pronounced "crew") is an organization that puts on a parade or ball for the Carnival season.

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La Bayadère

La Bayadère (en. The Temple Dancer) (ru. «Баядерка», Bayaderka) is a ballet, originally staged in four acts and seven tableaux by French choreographer Marius Petipa to the music of Ludwig Minkus.

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LA Weekly

LA Weekly is a free weekly alternative newspaper in Los Angeles, California.

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Lancashire

Lancashire (abbreviated Lancs.) is a county in north west England.

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Lather (song)

"Lather", a song by Grace Slick, performed by US rock band Jefferson Airplane, is the opening track on the 1968 album Crown of Creation and was the B-side for the single of the same name.

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Laurel and Hardy

Laurel and Hardy were a comedy double act during the early Classical Hollywood era of American cinema.

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Laurence Olivier

Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, (22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century.

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Leon Schuster

Leon Ernest "Schuks" Schuster (born 21 May 1951) is a South African filmmaker, comedian, actor, presenter and singer.

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Lethal Weapon

Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Richard Donner, produced by Joel Silver, and written by Shane Black.

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Lewes Bonfire

Lewes Bonfire or Bonfire, for short, describes a set of celebrations held in the town of Lewes, Sussex that constitute the United Kingdom's largest and most famous Bonfire Night festivities, with Lewes being called the bonfire capital of the world.

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Lewis Hallam Jr.

Lewis Hallam Jr. (c. 1740-November 1, 1808) is an England-born American theater manager, son of Lewis Hallam, one of the pioneers of Theater in the United States.

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Library of Congress Control Number

The Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) is a serially based system of numbering cataloging records in the Library of Congress in the United States.

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List of black video game characters

This is a list of black video game characters.

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List of blackface minstrel songs

This is a list of songs that either originated in blackface minstrelsy or are otherwise closely associated with that tradition.

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List of blackface minstrel troupes

This is a list of blackface minstrel troupes.

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List of entertainers who performed in blackface

This is a list of entertainers known to have performed in blackface.

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List of ethnic slurs

The following is a list of ethnic slurs (ethnophaulisms) that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnicity, or to refer to them in a derogatory (that is, critical or disrespectful), pejorative (disapproving or contemptuous), or otherwise insulting manner.

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List of Kinnikuman characters

The following is a list of characters from Kinnikuman, the manga/anime series.

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Little Britain

Little Britain is a British character-based sketch show that was first broadcast on BBC radio and then turned into a television show.

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Louis Armstrong

Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed Satchmo, Satch, and Pops, was an American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz.

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Luis Ernesto Derbez

Luis Ernesto Derbez Bautista (born April 1, 1947 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician and current rector of the Universidad de Las Américas.

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Mad Men

Mad Men is an American period drama television series created by Matthew Weiner and produced by Lionsgate Television.

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Malays (ethnic group)

Malays (Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group that predominantly inhabit the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world.

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Mammy archetype

A mammy, also spelled mammie, is a Southern United States stereotype for a black woman who worked as a nanny or general housekeeper and, often in a white family, nursed the family's children.

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March of Dimes

March of Dimes is a United States nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies by preventing birth defects, premature birth and infant mortality.

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Marching band

A marching band is a group in which instrumental musicians perform while marching, often for entertainment or competition.

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Mardi Gras in New Orleans

The holiday of Mardi Gras is celebrated in Southern Louisiana, including the city of New Orleans.

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Mariane Pearl

Mariane van Neyenhoff Pearl (born 23 July 1967) is a French freelance journalist and a former reporter and columnist for Glamour magazine.

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Marion Davies

Marion Cecilia Davies (née Douras, January 3, 1897 – September 22, 1961) was an American film actress, producer, screenwriter, and philanthropist.

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May Day

May Day is a public holiday usually celebrated on 1 May.

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Medway Council

Medway Council is the local authority of Medway in Kent, England.

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Melodrama

A melodrama is a dramatic work in which the plot, which is typically sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes precedence over detailed characterization.

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Memín Pinguín

Memín Pinguín is a Mexican comic book character.

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Mestizo

Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines that originally referred a person of combined European and Native American descent, regardless of where the person was born.

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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (initialized as MGM or hyphenated as M-G-M, also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or simply Metro, and for a former interval known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, or MGM/UA) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs.

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Metropolitan Opera

The Metropolitan Opera is an opera company based in New York City, resident at the Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.

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Mezz Mezzrow

Milton Mesirow (November 9, 1899 – August 5, 1972), better known as Mezz Mezzrow, was an American jazz clarinetist and saxophonist from Chicago, Illinois.

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Michael Jackson

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.

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Michael Steele

Michael Stephen Steele (born October 19, 1958) is an American conservative political commentator and former Republican party politician.

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Michael Winterbottom

Michael Winterbottom (born 29 March 1961) is an English filmmaker.

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Michel Fokine

Michael Fokine (a French transliteration Michel Fokine; English transliteration Mikhail Fokin; Михаи́л Миха́йлович Фо́кин, Mikhaíl Mikháylovich Fokín) (– 22 August 1942) was a groundbreaking Russian choreographer and dancer.

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Mick Jagger

Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943), known professionally as Mick Jagger, is an English singer-songwriter, musician, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones.

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Mickey Rooney

Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule Jr.; September 23, 1920 – April 6, 2014) was an American actor, vaudevillian, comedian, producer and radio personality.

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Mickey's Mellerdrammer

Mickey's Mellerdrammer is a 1933 American animated Pre-Code short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists.

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Mike Wallace (historian)

Mike Wallace (born July 22, 1942) is an American historian.

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Milton Berle

Milton Berle (born Mendel Berlinger; July 12, 1908 – March 27, 2002) was an American comedian and actor.

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Minority leader

In U.S. politics, the minority leader is the floor leader of the second largest caucus in a legislative body.

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Minstrel

A minstrel was a medieval European entertainer.

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Minstrel show

The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American form of entertainment developed in the early 19th century.

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Molly dance

Molly dancing is a form of English Morris dance, traditionally done by out-of-work ploughboys in midwinter in the 19th century.

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Momoiro Clover Z

are a Japanese idol group.

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Moms Mabley

Loretta Mary Aiken (March 19, 1894 – May 23, 1975), known by her stage name Jackie "Moms" Mabley, was an American standup comedian.

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Morris dance

Morris dance is a form of English folk dance usually accompanied by music.

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Mummer's Day

Mummer's Day, or "Darkie Day" as it is sometimes known (a corruption of the original Darking Day), is an ancient Cornish midwinter celebration that occurs every year on Boxing Day and New Year's Day in Padstow, Cornwall.

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Mummers Parade

The Mummers Parade is held each New Year's Day in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

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Museum of Broadcast Communications

The Museum of Broadcast Communications (MBC) is an American museum, the stated mission of which is "to collect, preserve, and present historic and contemporary radio and television content as well as educate, inform and entertain through our archives, public programs, screenings, exhibits, publications and online access to our resources." It is located in Chicago, Illinois.

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Music hall

Music hall is a type of British theatrical entertainment that was popular from the early Victorian era circa 1850 and lasting until 1960.

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Music video

A music video is a short film that integrates a song with imagery, and is produced for promotional or artistic purposes.

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Musical instrument

A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.

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Myrna Loy

Myrna Loy (born Myrna Adele Williams; August 2, 1905 – December 14, 1993) was an American film, television and stage actress.

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NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.

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Nat King Cole

Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965), known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American jazz pianist and vocalist.

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National Basketball Association

The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a men's professional basketball league in North America; composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada).

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Negro

Negro (plural Negroes) is an archaic term traditionally used to denote persons considered to be of Negroid heritage.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York Friars Club

The Friars Club is a private club in New York City, founded in 1904 that hosts risqué celebrity roasts.

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Niche market

A niche market is the subset of the market on which a specific product is focused.

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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (a; Russia was using old style dates in the 19th century, and information sources used in the article sometimes report dates as old style rather than new style. Dates in the article are taken verbatim from the source and are in the same style as the source from which they come.) was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five.

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Northern United States

The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North or simply the North, can be a geographic or historical term and definition.

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Nowruz

Nowruz (نوروز,; literally "new day") is the name of the Iranian New Year, also known as the Persian New Year, which is celebrated worldwide by various ethno-linguistic groups as the beginning of the New Year.

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Oingo Boingo

Oingo Boingo was an American new wave band, formed by songwriter Danny Elfman in 1979.

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Old American Company

The Hallam Company, which later became the American Company and then the Old American Company, was the first fully professional theatre company to perform in North America.

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Orange Is the New Black

Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix.

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Orson Welles

George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.

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Ossie Davis

Ossie Davis (born Raiford Chatman Davis; December 18, 1917 – February 4, 2005) was an American film, television and Broadway actor, director, poet, playwright, author, and civil rights activist.

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Otello

Otello is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Arrigo Boito, based on Shakespeare's play Othello.

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Othello

Othello (The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603.

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Othello (1965 British film)

Othello is a 1965 film based on the National Theatre Company's staging of Shakespeare's Othello (1964-1966) staged by John Dexter.

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Oulu

Oulu (Uleåborg) is a city and municipality of inhabitants in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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P. K. Subban

Pernell-Karl Sylvester "P.

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Padstow

Padstow (Lannwedhenek) is a town, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

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Page (servant)

A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant, but may also have been used for a messenger at the service of a nobleman.

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Papa Lazarou

Papa Lazarou is a fictional character in the BBC TV comedy programme The League of Gentlemen. He appears in four episodes – the first episode in the second series, the Christmas special, the final episode of the third series, and the final episode of the fourth series – and in the film The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse.

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Paul Scheer

Paul Christian Scheer (born January 31, 1976) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, director, and podcaster.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Percussion instrument

A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater (including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles); struck, scraped or rubbed by hand; or struck against another similar instrument.

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Perfetti Van Melle

Perfetti Van Melle is a privately held Italian global manufacturer of confectionery and gum.

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Petrushka (ballet)

Petrushka (Pétrouchka; Петрушка) is a ballet burlesque in four scenes.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.

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Pickaninny

Pickaninny (also picaninny, piccaninny or pickinniny) is, in North American usage, a racial slur which refers to a depiction of dark-skinned children of African descent.

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Poaching

Poaching has been defined as the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights.

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Pokémon

is a media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company, a Japanese consortium between Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures.

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Political correctness

The term political correctness (adjectivally: politically correct; commonly abbreviated to PC or P.C.) is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.

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Polyrhythm

Polyrhythm is the simultaneous use of two or more conflicting rhythms, that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter.

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Popchips

Popchips is a brand of processed potato and corn products marketed as similar to potato chips.

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Portrayal of East Asians in American film and theater

Portrayals of East Asians in American film and theatre has been a subject of controversy.

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Prejudice

Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's group membership.

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Puttin' On the Ritz

"Puttin' On the Ritz" is a song written by Irving Berlin.

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Race (human categorization)

A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.

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Racebending

Racebending is a neologism that describes the changing of a character's perceived race or ethnicity during the adaptation of a work from one medium to another.

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Racial discrimination

Racial discrimination refers to discrimination against individuals on the basis of their race.

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Racial segregation in the United States

Racial segregation in the United States, as a general term, includes the segregation or separation of access to facilities, services, and opportunities such as housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation along racial lines.

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Rats & Star

, formerly called Chanels, was a male blackface J-pop group which specialized in doo-wop-influenced music.

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Rebecca Riots

The Rebecca Riots took place between 1839 and 1843 in South and Mid Wales.

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Reconstruction era

The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 (the Presidential Proclamation of December 8, 1863) to 1877.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Richard Elfman

Richard "Rick" Elfman (born March 6, 1949) is an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, journalist, author and magazine publisher.

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Richard Rodriguez

Richard Rodriguez (born July 31, 1944) is an American writer who became famous as the author of Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez (1982), a narrative about his intellectual development.

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Roast (comedy)

A roast is a form of American humor in which a specific individual, a guest of honor, is subjected to jokes at their expense, intended to amuse the event's wider audience.

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Robert Downey Jr.

Robert John Downey Jr. (born April 4, 1965) is an American actor and singer.

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Robert H. Michel

Robert Henry 'Bob' Michel (pronounced "Michael"; March 2, 1923 – February 17, 2017) was an American Republican Party politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives for 38 years.

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Rochester, Kent

Rochester is a town and was a historic city in the unitary authority of Medway in Kent, England.

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Rock et Belles Oreilles

Rock et Belles Oreilles, often referred to as R.B.O., was a Québécois radio, television and stage comedy group that was very popular in the essentially French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec during the 1980s and 1990s.

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Roger Sterling

Roger H. Sterling Jr., played by John Slattery, is a fictional character on the AMC TV series Mad Men.

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Rotten Tomatoes

Rotten Tomatoes is an American review-aggregation website for film and television.

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Run-DMC

Run-DMC was an American hip hop group from Hollis, Queens, New York, founded in 1981 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell.

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Salé Rovers

The Salé Rovers, also Sale Rovers or Salle Rovers, were a dreaded band of Barbary corsairs in the 17th century.

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Sam Hague

Sam Hague (1828 – 7 January 1901) was a British blackface minstrel dancer and troupe owner.

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Sam Lucas

Sam Lucas (August 7, c. 1848 – January 5, 1916) was an African American actor, comedian, singer, and songwriter.

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Sambo (racial term)

Sambo is a term for a person with African heritage and, in some countries, also mixed with Native American heritage (see zambo).

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Sammy Davis Jr.

Samuel George Davis Jr. (December 8, 1925 – May 16, 1990) was an American singer, musician, dancer, actor and comedian.

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Sanrio

is a Japanese company that designs, licenses and produces products focusing on the kawaii (cute) segment of Japanese popular culture.

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Saratoga Trunk

Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper, Ingrid Bergman, and Flora Robson.

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Satire

Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.

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Saturday Night Live

Saturday Night Live (SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol.

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Save the Pearls: Revealing Eden

Save the Pearls: Revealing Eden is a 2012 young adult novel by American author Victoria Foyt and the first book in the Save the Pearls series.

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Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)

Scheherazade, also commonly Sheherazade (ʂɨxʲɪrɐˈzadə), Op. 35, is a symphonic suite composed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1888 and based on One Thousand and One Nights (also known as The Arabian Nights).

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Scimitar

A scimitar is a backsword or sabre with a curved blade, originating in the Middle East.

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Semang

The Semang are the Negrito and Austric ethnic groups of the Malay Peninsula.

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Shirley Temple

Shirley Temple BlackWhile Temple occasionally used "Jane" as a middle name, her birth certificate reads "Shirley Temple".

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Shtick

A shtick (שטיק, the closely related German word Stück has the same meaning) is a comic theme or gimmick derived from the Yiddish word shtik (שטיק), meaning "piece" (in stand-up comedy a near equivalent term is a "bit").

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Siedah Garrett

Deborah Christine Garrett (born June 24, 1960), known professionally as Siedah Garrett, is an American singer and songwriter, who has written songs and performed backing vocals for many recording artists in the music industry, such as Michael Jackson, The Pointer Sisters, Brand New Heavies, Quincy Jones, Tevin Campbell, Donna Summer, Madonna, Jennifer Hudson among others.

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Sina Weibo

Sina Weibo is a Chinese microblogging (weibo) website.

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Sinterklaas

Sinterklaas or Sint-Nicolaas is a legendary figure based on Saint Nicholas, patron saint of children.

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Sjors & Sjimmie

Sjors & Sjimmie (George & Jimmy) is a Dutch adaptation of the comic strip Winnie Winkle, specifically the character Perry Winkle from that strip.

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Slave to the Rhythm (Grace Jones song)

"Slave to the Rhythm" is a 1985 hit song performed by Grace Jones.

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Slavery in the United States

Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Snapchat

Snapchat is a multimedia messaging app used globally, created by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown, former students at Stanford University, and developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc.

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Soul Man (film)

Soul Man is a 1986 American comedy film about a white man who temporarily darkens his skin, in order to pretend to be black and qualify for a black-only scholarship at Harvard Law School.

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Southern Fried Rabbit

Southern Fried Rabbit is a Looney Tunes cartoon by Warner Bros. starring Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Spike Lee

Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20, 1957) is an American film director, producer, writer, and actor.

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Spiritual (music)

Spirituals (or Negro spirituals) are generally Christian songs that were created by African Americans.

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St. Martin's Day

Saint Martin's day, also known as the Feast of Saint Martin, Martinstag or Martinmas, as well as Old Halloween and Old Hallowmas Eve, is the feast day of Saint Martin of Tours (Martin le Miséricordieux) and is celebrated on November 11 each year.

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Stage name

A stage name is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers, such as actors, comedians, singers and musicians.

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Star singers

Star singers also known as Epiphany singers, or Star boys' singing procession (England), are children and young people walking from house to house with a star on a rod and often wearing crowns and dressed in clothes to resemble the Three Magi (variously also known as Three Kings or Three Wise Man).

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Stellenbosch University

Stellenbosch University (Universiteit Stellenbosch) is a public research university situated in Stellenbosch, a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

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Stephen Foster

Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826January 13, 1864), known as "the father of American music", was an American songwriter known primarily for his parlor and minstrel music.

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Steve Gilliard

Steve Gilliard (November 13, 1964 – June 2, 2007) was an American freelance journalist and left-wing political blogger who ran the website The News Blog.

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Sussex Bonfire Societies

The Sussex Bonfire Societies are responsible for the series of bonfire festivals concentrated on central and eastern Sussex, with further festivals in parts of Surrey and Kent from September to November each year.

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Taboo

In any given society, a taboo is an implicit prohibition or strong discouragement against something (usually against an utterance or behavior) based on a cultural feeling that it is either too repulsive or dangerous, or, perhaps, too sacred for ordinary people.

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Taco (musician)

Taco Ockerse (born July 21, 1955), usually known mononymously as Taco, is an Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer who started his career in Germany.

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Tambourine

The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zils".

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Ted Danson

Edward Bridge "Ted" Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor and producer who played the lead character Sam Malone on the NBC sitcom Cheers, Jack Holden in the films Three Men and a Baby and Three Men and a Little Lady, and Dr.

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Teen Vogue

Teen Vogue was a US magazine launched in 2003 as a sister publication to Vogue, targeted at teenage girls.

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Television show

A television show (often simply TV show) is any content produced for broadcast via over-the-air, satellite, cable, or internet and typically viewed on a television set, excluding breaking news, advertisements, or trailers that are typically placed between shows.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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Théâtre du Rideau Vert

The Théâtre du Rideau Vert is a theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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The Bahamas

The Bahamas, known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago.

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The Birth of a Nation

The Birth of a Nation (originally called The Clansman) is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed and co-produced by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish.

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The Black and White Minstrel Show

The Black and White Minstrel Show was a British light entertainment show that ran on BBC television from 1958 to 1978.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Historical Journal

The Historical Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press.

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The Jazz Singer

The Jazz Singer is a 1927 American musical film.

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The League of Gentlemen

The League of Gentlemen is a British comedy television series that premiered on BBC Two in 1999.

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The Man Show

The Man Show was an American comedy television show on Comedy Central that aired from 1999 to 2004.

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The New York Times Company

The New York Times Company is an American media company which publishes its namesake, The New York Times.

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The Padlock

The Padlock is a two-act 'afterpiece' opera by Charles Dibdin.

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The Princess Bride

The Princess Bride is a 1973 fantasy romance novel by American writer William Goldman.

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The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour

The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour was an American comedy and variety show television series hosted by the Smothers Brothers and initially airing on CBS from 1967 to 1969.

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The Story of Little Black Sambo

The Story of Little Black Sambo is a children's book written and illustrated by Scottish author Helen Bannerman, and published by Grant Richards in October 1899 as one in a series of small-format books called The Dumpy Books for Children.

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The Three Stooges

The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from 1922 until 1970, best known for their 190 short subject films by Columbia Pictures that have been regularly airing on television since 1958.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Theatre Owners Booking Association

Theatre Owners Booking Association, or T.O.B.A., was the vaudeville circuit for African American performers in the 1920s.

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This Is the Army

This Is the Army is a 1943 American wartime musical comedy film produced by Hal B. Wallis and Jack L. Warner, and directed by Michael Curtiz, adapted from a wartime stage musical with the same name, designed to boost morale in the U.S. during World War II, directed by Ezra Stone.

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Thomas D. Rice

Thomas Dartmouth Rice (May 20, 1808 – September 19, 1860), known professionally as Daddy Rice, was an American performer and playwright who performed blackface and used African-American vernacular speech, song, and dance to become one of the most popular minstrel show entertainers of his time.

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Tim Moore (comedian)

Tim Moore (December 9, 1887 – December 13, 1958) was an American vaudevillian and comic actor of the first half of the 20th century.

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Tintin in the Congo

Tintin in the Congo (Tintin au Congo) is the second volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé.

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Tracy Chapman

Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter, known for her hits "Fast Car" and "Give Me One Reason", along with other singles "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution", "Baby Can I Hold You", "Crossroads", "New Beginning" and "Telling Stories".

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Trading Places

Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy film directed by John Landis and starring Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy.

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Transgender

Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.

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Tropic Thunder

Tropic Thunder is a 2008 action comedy film directed by Ben Stiller.

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Twitter

Twitter is an online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as "tweets".

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Tyrol (state)

Tyrol (Tirol; Tirolo) is a federal state (Bundesland) in western Austria.

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UB40

UB40 are an English reggae and pop band, formed in December 1978 in Birmingham, England.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.

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Underground film

An underground film is a film that is out of the mainstream either in its style, genre, or financing.

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United Artists

United Artists (UA) is an American film and television entertainment studio.

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United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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University of Pretoria

The University of Pretoria (Universiteit van Pretoria, Yunibesithi ya Pretoria) is a multi-campus public research university in Pretoria, the administrative and de facto capital of South Africa.

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Usain Bolt

Usain St Leo Bolt (born 21 August 1986) is a retired Jamaican sprinter and world record holder in the 100 metres, 200 metres and 4 × 100 metres relay.

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Variety show

Variety shows, also known as variety arts or variety entertainment, is entertainment made up of a variety of acts including musical performances, sketch comedy, magic, acrobatics, juggling, and ventriloquism.

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Vaslav Nijinsky

Vaslav Nijinsky (also Vatslav; Ва́цлав Фоми́ч Нижи́нский;; Wacław Niżyński; 12 March 1889/18908 April 1950) was a ballet dancer and choreographer cited as the greatest male dancer of the early 20th century.

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Victoria Foyt

Victoria Foyt is an American author, novelist, screenwriter and actress, best known for her books The Virtual Life of Lexie Diamond and Save the Pearls: Revealing Eden.

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Virginia Minstrels

The Virginia Minstrels or Virginia Serenaders was a group of 19th-century American entertainers who helped invent the entertainment form known as the minstrel show.

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Vladimir Vysotsky

Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (p; 25 January 1938 – 25 July 1980) was a Russian singer-songwriter, poet, and actor whose career had an immense and enduring effect on Soviet and Russian culture.

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Vodacom

Vodacom Group Limited (Vodacom) is a South African mobile communications company, providing voice, messaging, data and converged services to over 55 million customers.

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Voodoo Macbeth

The Voodoo Macbeth is a common nickname for the Federal Theatre Project's 1936 New York production of William Shakespeare's Macbeth.

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Warner Bros.

Warner Bros.

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Wörgl

Wörgl is a city in the Austrian state of Tyrol, in the Kufstein district.

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Whiteface (performance)

Whiteface is a form of performance in which a person wears theatrical makeup in order to make themselves look like a white person, usually for comic purposes.

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Whoopi Goldberg

Caryn Elaine Johnson (born November 13, 1955), known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg, is an American actress, comedian, author, and television host.

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William Holden

William Holden (born William Franklin Beedle Jr.; April 17, 1918 – November 12, 1981) was an American actor who was one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s and 1960s.

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Wog

Wog is a slang word in the idiom of Australian English and British English.

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Young adult fiction

Young adult fiction (YA) is a category of fiction published for readers in their youth.

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YouTube

YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.

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Zulu people

The Zulu (amaZulu) are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa and the largest ethnic group in South Africa, with an estimated 10–12 million people living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

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Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club

The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club (founded 1916) is a Carnival krewe in New Orleans, Louisiana which puts on the Zulu parade each Mardi Gras Day.

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Zwarte Piet

Zwarte Piet (English: Black Pete or Black Peter, Luxembourgish: Schwaarze Péiter, Pit Hitam) is the companion of Saint Nicholas (Sinterklaas, Kleeschen, Sinterklas) in the folklore of the Low Countries.

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1979 in music

This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1979.

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4:44 (album)

4:44 is the thirteenth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released on June 30, 2017 through Roc Nation and Universal Music Group, as an exclusive to Sprint and Tidal customers.

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5 Para A Meia-Noite

5 Para A Meia-Noite (5 to Midnight) is a late-night talk show that airs on week days on the Portuguese TV channel RTP1 (formerly on RTP2).

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Black Face, Black face, Black face makeup, Black-face, Black-face makeup, Blackface minstrel, Blackface minstrelsy, Blackface performance, Blacking up, Burnt cork, Burnt cork artist, Darky iconography, Digital blackface, High-tech blackface, List of contemporary comedians using blackface.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackface

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