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88 relations: A. Hari Reddi, Adenocarcinoma, Adverse effect, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, Autotransplantation, Barrett's esophagus, Bioassay, Bone, Bone grafting, Bone morphogenetic protein 1, Bone morphogenetic protein 10, Bone morphogenetic protein 15, Bone morphogenetic protein 2, Bone morphogenetic protein 3, Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Bone morphogenetic protein 5, Bone morphogenetic protein 6, Bone morphogenetic protein 7, Bone morphogenetic protein 8A, Bone morphogenetic protein 8B, Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, Cartilage, Cellular differentiation, Cervical vertebrae, Chemotaxis, Choosing Wisely, Chordin, Chromosome 1, Chromosome 12, Chromosome 14, Chromosome 2, Chromosome 20, Chromosome 6, Chromosome 8, Chronic kidney disease, Collagen, Cytokine, Disulfide, Dysphagia, Esophagitis, Food and Drug Administration, Gastrointestinal tract, GDF11, Glomerulus, Growth differentiation factor, Growth factor, Guanidinium chloride, Hepcidin, Hippocampus, Hippocrates, ..., Humanitarian Device Exemption, Infection, Intramedullary rod, Lumbar, Marshall R. Urist, Median, Medtronic, Mesoderm, Metabologen, Metalloproteinase, Mitosis, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1, Neural plate, Noggin (protein), Nonunion, Off-label use, Oocyte, Orthopedic surgery, Osteoblast, Osteomyelitis, Ovarian follicle, Protein dimer, Recombinant DNA, Respiratory tract, Retinoid, Retrograde ejaculation, Science (journal), Sclerosis (medicine), SMAD (protein), Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Soft tissue, Spinal fusion, Stryker Corporation, Tibia, Transforming growth factor beta superfamily, United States dollar, Urea, X chromosome. Expand index (38 more) »
A. Hari Reddi
A.
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Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body.
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Adverse effect
In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery.
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Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure to treat nerve root or spinal cord compression by decompressing the spinal cord and nerve roots of the cervical spine with a discectomy in order to stabilize the corresponding vertebrae.
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Autotransplantation
Autotransplantation is the transplantation of organs, tissues, or even particular proteins from one part of the body to another in the same person (auto- meaning "self" in Greek).
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Barrett's esophagus
Barrett's esophagus refers to an (abnormal) change in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus. It is characterized by the replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (which are usually found lower in the gastrointestinal tract). The medical significance of Barrett's esophagus is its strong association (0.1 per 1 cm Prague C>M> total segment length per patient-year) with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a very often deadly cancer, because of which it is considered to be a premalignant condition. The main cause of Barrett's esophagus is thought to be an adaptation to chronic acid exposure from reflux esophagitis The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased substantially in the Western world in recent years. The condition is found in 5–15% of patients who seek medical care for heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease), although a large subgroup of patients with Barrett's esophagus do not have symptoms. Diagnosis requires endoscopy (more specifically, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a procedure in which a fibreoptic cable is inserted through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) and biopsy. The cells of Barrett's esophagus, after biopsy, are classified into four general categories: nondysplastic, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and frank carcinoma. High-grade dysplasia and early stages of adenocarcinoma can be treated by endoscopic resection and new endoscopic therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, whereas advanced stages (submucosal) are generally advised to undergo surgical treatment. Nondysplastic and low-grade patients are generally advised to undergo annual observation with endoscopy, with radiofrequency ablation as a therapeutic option. In high-grade dysplasia, the risk of developing cancer might be at 10% per patient-year or greater. The condition is named after the Australian-born British thoracic surgeon Norman Barrett (1903–1979), who described it in 1950. Those with the eating disorder bulimia are more likely to develop Barrett’s esophagus because bulimia can cause severe acid reflux, and because purging also floods the esophagus with acid.
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Bioassay
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine concentration or potency of a substance by its effect on living cells or tissues.
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Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
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Bone grafting
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 1
Bone morphogenetic protein 1, also known as BMP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMP1 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 10
Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP10 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 15
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP15 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 2
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 3
Bone morphogenetic protein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 5
Bone morphogenetic protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP5 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 6
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 7
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP7 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 8A
Bone morphogenetic protein 8A (BMP8A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8A gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 8B
Bone morphogenetic protein 8B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8B gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein receptor
There are three bone morphogenetic protein receptors in humans.
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Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
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Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
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Cervical vertebrae
In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.
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Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.
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Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM).
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Chordin
Chordin is a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist composed of four small cysteine-rich domains, whose function is not known.
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Chromosome 1
Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome.
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Chromosome 12
Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 14
Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 2
Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 20
Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 6
Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 8
Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which there is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years.
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Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.
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Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.
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Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.
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Dysphagia
Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing.
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Esophagitis
Esophagitis (or oesophagitis) is an inflammation of the esophagus.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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GDF11
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene.
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Glomerulus
Glomerulus is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, fibers, or neurons.
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Growth differentiation factor
Growth differentiation factors (GDFs) are a subfamily of proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that have functions predominantly in development.
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Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.
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Guanidinium chloride
Guanidinium chloride or guanidine hydrochloride, usually abbreviated GuHCl and sometimes GdnHCl or GdmCl, is the hydrochloride salt of guanidine.
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Hepcidin
Hepcidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAMP gene.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
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Humanitarian Device Exemption
A Humanitarian Device Exemption is an approval process provided by the United States Food and Drug Administration allowing a medical device to be marketed without requiring evidence of effectiveness.
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Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
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Intramedullary rod
An intramedullary rod, also known as an intramedullary nail (IM nail) or inter-locking nail or Küntscher nail (without proximal or distal fixation), is a metal rod forced into the medullary cavity of a bone.
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Lumbar
In tetrapod anatomy, lumbar is an adjective that means of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum. The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity.
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Marshall R. Urist
Marshall R. Urist (1914–2001) was a United States orthopedic surgeon working at University of California, Los Angeles who made discoveries in treating broken bones.
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Median
The median is the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
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Medtronic
Medtronic plc is a medical device company.
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Mesoderm
In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Metabologen
A metabologen is defined as a morphogen (molecule) that can initiate, promote and maintain metabolism and homeostasis.
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Metalloproteinase
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.
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Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 also known as SMAD family member 1 or SMAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD1 gene.
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Neural plate
The neural plate is a key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system.
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Noggin (protein)
Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones.
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Nonunion
Nonunion is permanent failure of healing following a broken bone unless intervention (such as surgery) is performed.
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Off-label use
Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.
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Oocyte
An oocyte, oöcyte, ovocyte, or rarely ocyte, is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.
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Orthopedic surgery
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics, also spelled orthopaedic, is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.
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Osteoblast
Osteoblasts (from the Greek combining forms for "bone", ὀστέο-, osteo- and βλαστάνω, blastanō "germinate") are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone.
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Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone.
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Ovarian follicle
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
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Respiratory tract
In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration.
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Retinoid
The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it.
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Retrograde ejaculation
Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen, which would, in most cases, be ejaculated via the urethra, is redirected to the urinary bladder.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Sclerosis (medicine)
In medicine, sclerosis (also spelled sclerosus in the names of a few disorders; from Greek σκληρός "hard") is the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.
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SMAD (protein)
Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth.
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), synonymously sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or sodium laurilsulfate, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11SO4 Na.
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Soft tissue
In anatomy, soft tissue includes the tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being hard tissue such as bone.
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Spinal fusion
Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae.
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Stryker Corporation
Stryker Corporation is a Fortune 500 medical technologies firm based in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
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Tibia
The tibia (plural tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia), and it connects the knee with the ankle bones.
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Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein
