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Booting

Index Booting

In computing, booting is starting up a computer or computer appliance until it can be used. [1]

194 relations: A/UX, Advanced RISC Computing, Alberto Ciaramella, Altair 8800, Amdahl Corporation, Apple I, Apple II series, Apple Inc., Apple–Intel architecture, Atari ST, Atari TOS, Atmel AVR, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System, BeOS, BIOS, BIOS interrupt call, BIOS parameter block, Boot disk, Boot sector, Bootstrapping, BootX (Apple), Burroughs B1700, Burroughs Corporation, Byte, CDC 6600, Chain loading, Channel I/O, Checksum, Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Comparison of boot loaders, Computer, Computer appliance, Computer memory, Computer network, Computer program, Computing, Copy protection, Coreboot, CSELT, Daemon (computing), Das U-Boot, Data General, Data General Nova, DEC Alpha, Device driver, Dictionary.com, Digital Equipment Corporation, Digital signal processor, Diode matrix, Disk enclosure, ..., Drum memory, Dynamic random-access memory, EEPROM, El Torito (CD-ROM standard), Embedded system, Endianness, ENIAC, Entry point, EPROM, Field-programmable gate array, File Allocation Table, Finite-state machine, Firmware, Flash file system, Flash memory, Floppy disk, Floppy disk variants, Forth (programming language), Front panel, GE-600 series, General Electric, General-purpose input/output, GNU GRUB, GPS navigation device, GUID Partition Table, Hard disk drive, Hibernation (computing), HP 2100, IBM, IBM 1401, IBM 2250, IBM 3270, IBM 650, IBM 701, IBM 7030 Stretch, IBM BASIC, IBM PC compatible, IBM Personal Computer, IBM System/360, IBM System/360 Model 85, IBM System/370, IBM System/370 Model 165, IBM System/370 Model 168, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INT (x86 instruction), Intel, Intel 8086, Intel 8088, Itanium, JTAG, Kernel (operating system), Latitude ON, Libreboot, Linux, Linux startup process, List of PC booter games, Live CD, Live USB, Macintosh, Magnetic tape, Magnetic-core memory, Mask ROM, Master boot record, Memory card reader, Memtest86, Microcomputer, Microreboot, Microsoft Windows, Minicomputer, MIPS architecture, MOS Technology 6502, Multi-booting, Network booting, Non-volatile memory, NTLDR, Offset (computer science), OMAP, Open Firmware, Operating system, Optical disc drive, Partition table, PC booter, PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP-5, PDP-8, Phoronix, Power-on self-test, PowerPC, Preboot Execution Environment, Program status word, Programmable read-only memory, Pseudocode, Punched card, Punched card input/output, Punched tape, Random-access memory, Read-only memory, Real mode, Reboot, RedBoot, Reset vector, Rootkit, Runtime system, Safe mode, SCSI, Secure Digital, Serial Peripheral Interface, Server (computing), SGI Visual Workstation, Sleep mode, SPARC, Spectre GCR, Splashtop OS, Sun Microsystems, SuperDisk, SYS (command), SYSLINUX, System Management Mode, Tape drive, Teleprinter, Teletype Model 33, Television set, Texas Instruments, TheFreeDictionary.com, Trivial File Transfer Protocol, Unibus, Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, UNIVAC I, Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter, University of Oxford, USB, Volume boot record, Windows NT startup process, Windows To Go, Windows Vista startup process, Windows XP, Word (computer architecture), Workstation, X86, X86 memory segmentation, Z/Architecture, Zip drive, 36-bit. Expand index (144 more) »

A/UX

A/UX is a discontinued Apple Computer implementation of the Unix operating system for some of its Macintosh computers.

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Advanced RISC Computing

Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) is a specification promulgated by a defunct consortium of computer manufacturers (the Advanced Computing Environment project), setting forth a standard MIPS RISC-based computer hardware and firmware environment.

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Alberto Ciaramella

Alberto Ciaramella (1947) is an Italian computer engineer and scientist.

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Altair 8800

The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 CPU.

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Amdahl Corporation

Amdahl Corporation was an information technology company which specialized in IBM mainframe-compatible computer products, some of which were regarded as supercomputers competing with those from Cray Research.

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Apple I

Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1, is a desktop computer released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in 1976.

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Apple II series

The Apple II series (trademarked with square brackets as "Apple.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Apple–Intel architecture

The Apple–Intel architecture, or Mactel, is an unofficial name used for Apple Macintosh personal computers developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. that use Intel x86 processors, rather than the PowerPC and Motorola 68000 ("68k") series processors used in their predecessors.

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Atari ST

The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family.

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Atari TOS

TOS (The Operating System also Tramiel Operating System from Jack Tramiel, owner of Atari Corp. at the time) is the operating system of the Atari ST range of computers.

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Atmel AVR

AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel beginning in 1996.

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Ballistic Missile Early Warning System

The RCA 474L Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS, "474L System", Project 474L) was a United States Air Force Cold War early warning radar, computer, and communications system, for ballistic missile detection.

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BeOS

BeOS is an operating system for personal computers first developed by Be Inc. in 1991.

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BIOS

BIOS (an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is non-volatile firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.

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BIOS interrupt call

BIOS interrupt calls are a facility that operating systems and application programs use to invoke the facilities of the Basic Input/Output System on IBM PC compatible computers.

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BIOS parameter block

In computing, the BIOS parameter block, often shortened to BPB, is a data structure in the volume boot record describing the physical layout of a data storage volume.

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Boot disk

A boot disk is a removable digital data storage medium from which a computer can load and run (boot) an operating system or utility program.

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Boot sector

A boot sector is a region of a hard disk, floppy disk, optical disc, or other data storage device that contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) by a computer system's built-in firmware.

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Bootstrapping

In general, bootstrapping usually refers to a self-starting process that is supposed to proceed without external input.

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BootX (Apple)

BootX is a software-based bootloader designed and developed by Apple Inc. for use on the company's Macintosh computer range.

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Burroughs B1700

The Burroughs B1000 Series was a series of mainframe computers, built by the Burroughs Corporation, and originally introduced in the 1970s with continued software development until 1987.

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Burroughs Corporation

The Burroughs Corporation was a major American manufacturer of business equipment.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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CDC 6600

The CDC 6600 was the flagship of the 6000 series of mainframe computer systems manufactured by Control Data Corporation.

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Chain loading

Chain loading is a method used by computer programs to replace the currently executing program with a new program, using a common data area to pass information from the current program to the new program.

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Channel I/O

In computing, channel I/O is a high-performance input/output (I/O) architecture that is implemented in various forms on a number of computer architectures, especially on mainframe computers.

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Checksum

A checksum is a small-sized datum derived from a block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors which may have been introduced during its transmission or storage.

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Cheyenne Mountain Complex

The Cheyenne Mountain Complex is a military installation and defensive bunker located in unincorporated El Paso County, Colorado, next to Colorado Springs, at the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, which hosts the activities of several tenant units.

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Comparison of boot loaders

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of available boot loaders.

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Computer appliance

A computer appliance is a computer with software or firmware that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource.

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Computer memory

In computing, memory refers to the computer hardware integrated circuits that store information for immediate use in a computer; it is synonymous with the term "primary storage".

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Computer network

A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.

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Computer program

A computer program is a collection of instructions for performing a specific task that is designed to solve a specific class of problems.

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Computing

Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers.

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Copy protection

Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any effort designed to prevent the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media, usually for copyright reasons.

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Coreboot

coreboot, formerly known as LinuxBIOS, is a software project aimed at replacing proprietary firmware (BIOS or UEFI) found in most computers with a lightweight firmware designed to perform only the minimum number of tasks necessary to load and run a modern 32-bit or 64-bit operating system.

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CSELT

Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni (CSELT) was an Italian research center for Telecommunication based in Torino, the biggest in Italy and one of the most important in Europe.

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Daemon (computing)

In multitasking computer operating systems, a daemon is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user.

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Das U-Boot

Das U-Boot (subtitled "the Universal Boot Loader" and often shortened to U-Boot) is an open source, primary boot loader used in embedded devices to package the instructions to boot the device's operating system kernel.

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Data General

Data General was one of the first minicomputer firms from the late 1960s.

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Data General Nova

The Data General Nova is a series of 16-bit minicomputers released by the American company Data General.

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DEC Alpha

Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), designed to replace their 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer (CISC) ISA.

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Device driver

In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.

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Dictionary.com

Dictionary.com is an online dictionary whose domain was first registered on May 14, 1995.

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Digital Equipment Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation, also known as DEC and using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1950s to the 1990s.

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Digital signal processor

A digital signal processor (DSP) is a specialized microprocessor (or a SIP block), with its architecture optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing.

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Diode matrix

A diode matrix is a two-dimensional grid of wires: each "intersection" wherein one row crosses over another has either a diode connecting them, or the wires are isolated from each other.

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Disk enclosure

A disk enclosure is a specialized casing designed to hold and power disk drives while providing a mechanism to allow them to communicate to one or more separate computers.

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Drum memory

Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria.

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Dynamic random-access memory

Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a separate tiny capacitor within an integrated circuit.

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EEPROM

EEPROM (also E2PROM) stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated in microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless system, and other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data but allowing individual bytes to be erased and reprogrammed.

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El Torito (CD-ROM standard)

The El Torito Bootable CD Specification is an extension to the ISO 9660 CD-ROM specification.

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

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Endianness

Endianness refers to the sequential order in which bytes are arranged into larger numerical values when stored in memory or when transmitted over digital links.

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ENIAC

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was amongst the earliest electronic general-purpose computers made.

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Entry point

In computer programming, an entry point is where control is transferred from the operating system to a computer program, at which place the processor enters a program or a code fragment and execution begins.

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EPROM

An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of memory chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off.

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Field-programmable gate array

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence "field-programmable".

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File Allocation Table

File Allocation Table (FAT) is a computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it.

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Finite-state machine

A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton (FSA, plural: automata), finite automaton, or simply a state machine, is a mathematical model of computation.

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Firmware

In electronic systems and computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device's specific hardware.

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Flash file system

A flash file system is a file system designed for storing files on flash memory–based storage devices.

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Flash memory

Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.

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Floppy disk

A floppy disk, also called a floppy, diskette, or just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that removes dust particles.

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Floppy disk variants

The floppy disk is a ubiquitous data storage and transfer device from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s.

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Forth (programming language)

Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and environment originally designed by Charles "Chuck" Moore.

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Front panel

A front panel was used on early electronic computers to display and allow the alteration of the state of the machine's internal registers and memory.

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GE-600 series

The GE-600 series was a family of 36-bit mainframe computers originating in the 1960s, built by General Electric (GE).

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General Electric

General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

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General-purpose input/output

A general-purpose input/output (GPIO) is an uncommitted digital signal pin on an integrated circuit or electronic circuit board whose behavior—including whether it acts an input or output—is controllable by the user at run time.

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GNU GRUB

GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project.

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GPS navigation device

A GPS navigation device, GPS receiver, or simply GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to calculate the device's geographical position.

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GUID Partition Table

GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical storage device used in a desktop or server PC, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using globally unique identifiers (GUID).

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Hard disk drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.

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Hibernation (computing)

Hibernation (or suspend to disk) in computing is powering down a computer while retaining its state.

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HP 2100

The HP 2100 was a series of minicomputers produced by Hewlett-Packard (HP) from the mid-1960s to early 1990s.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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IBM 1401

The IBM 1401 is a variable wordlength decimal computer that was announced by IBM on October 5, 1959.

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IBM 2250

The IBM 2250 Graphics Display Unit was a vector graphics display system by IBM for the System/360.

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IBM 3270

The IBM 3270 is a class of block oriented computer terminal (sometimes called display devices) introduced by IBM in 1971 normally used to communicate with IBM mainframes.

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IBM 650

The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine is one of IBM's early computers, and the world’s first mass-produced computer.

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IBM 701

The IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine, known as the Defense Calculator while in development, was IBM’s first commercial scientific computer, which was announced to the public on April 29, 1952.

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IBM 7030 Stretch

The IBM 7030, also known as Stretch, was IBM's first transistorized supercomputer.

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IBM BASIC

The IBM Personal Computer Basic, commonly shortened to IBM BASIC, is a programming language first released by IBM with the IBM Personal Computer (model 5150) in 1981.

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IBM PC compatible

IBM PC compatible computers are computers similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to use the same software and expansion cards.

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IBM Personal Computer

The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform.

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IBM System/360

The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978.

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IBM System/360 Model 85

The IBM System/360 Model 85 is a high-end member of the System/360 family of computers, with many advanced features, and was introduced in January, 1968.

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IBM System/370

The IBM System/370 (S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframe computers announced on June 30, 1970 as the successors to the System/360 family.

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IBM System/370 Model 165

The IBM System/370 Model 165 (and the Model 155) were jointly announced June 30, 1970 as "designed for...

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IBM System/370 Model 168

The IBM System/370 Model 168 (and the Model 158))were both announced August 2, 1972 Prior 370 systems had not "offered virtual storage capability, which was to be a hallmark of the 370 line," and some said that the 168 and 158 were the first "real 370" products. By contrast, "in 1972, the System/370 Advanced Function was released and had new Address Relocation Hardware and now supported four new operating systems (VM/370, DOS/VS, OS/VS1, OS/VS2)." The 158 and 168 were withdrawn Sep 15, 1980.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.

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INT (x86 instruction)

INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt.

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Intel

Intel Corporation (stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley.

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Intel 8086

The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and mid-1978, when it was released.

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Intel 8088

The Intel 8088 ("eighty-eighty-eight", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086.

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Itanium

Itanium is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64).

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JTAG

JTAG (named after the Joint Test Action Group which codified it) is an industry standard for verifying designs and testing printed circuit boards after manufacture.

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Kernel (operating system)

The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over everything in the system.

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Latitude ON

Latitude ON is an instant-on computer system made by Dell.

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Libreboot

Libreboot (formerly known as GNU Libreboot) is a free software project aimed at replacing the proprietary BIOS firmware found in most computers with a libre, lightweight system designed to perform only the minimum number of tasks necessary to load and run a modern 32-bit or 64-bit operating system.

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Linux

Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.

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Linux startup process

Linux startup process is the multi-stage initialization process performed during booting a Linux installation.

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List of PC booter games

Many early IBM PC compatible games between 1981 and 1988 were known as PC booters.

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Live CD

A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive.

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Live USB

A live USB is a USB flash drive or external hard disk drive containing a full operating system that can be booted.

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Macintosh

The Macintosh (pronounced as; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984.

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Magnetic tape

Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film.

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Magnetic-core memory

Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access computer memory for 20 years between about 1955 and 1975.

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Mask ROM

Mask ROM (MROM) is a type of read-only memory (ROM) whose contents are programmed by the integrated circuit manufacturer (rather than by the user).

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Master boot record

A master boot record (MBR) is a special type of boot sector at the very beginning of partitioned computer mass storage devices like fixed disks or removable drives intended for use with IBM PC-compatible systems and beyond.

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Memory card reader

A memory card reader is a device for accessing the data on a memory card such as a CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD) or MultiMediaCard (MMC).

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Memtest86

MemTest86 and Memtest86+ are memory test software programs designed to test and stress test an x86 architecture computer's random access memory (RAM) for errors, by writing test patterns to most memory addresses, reading back the data, and comparing for errors.

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Microcomputer

A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).

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Microreboot

Microrebooting is a technique used to recover from failures in crash-only software systems.

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Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.

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Minicomputer

A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller computers that was developed in the mid-1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitors.

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MIPS architecture

MIPS (an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA)Price, Charles (September 1995).

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MOS Technology 6502

The MOS Technology 6502 (typically "sixty-five-oh-two" or "six-five-oh-two") William Mensch and the moderator both pronounce the 6502 microprocessor as "sixty-five-oh-two".

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Multi-booting

Multi-booting is the act of installing multiple operating systems on a computer, and being able to choose which one to boot.

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Network booting

Network booting, shortened netboot, is the process of booting a computer from a network rather than a local drive.

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Non-volatile memory

Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retrieve stored information even after having been power cycled.

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NTLDR

NTLDR (abbreviation of NT loader) is the boot loader for all releases of Windows NT operating system up to and including Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

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Offset (computer science)

In computer science, an offset within an array or other data structure object is an integer indicating the distance (displacement) between the beginning of the object and a given element or point, presumably within the same object.

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OMAP

The OMAP (Open Multimedia Applications Platform) family, developed by Texas Instruments, is a series of image/video processors.

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Open Firmware

Open Firmware, or OpenBoot in Sun Microsystems parlance, is a standard defining the interfaces of a computer firmware system, formerly endorsed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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Optical disc drive

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

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Partition table

A partition is a fixed-size subset of a disk drive which is treated as a unit by the operating system.

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PC booter

A PC booter, or booter, is a type of software for home computer era (late 1970s to early 1990s) personal computers that was loaded and executed in the bootup of the computer, from a bootable floppy disk, rather than as a regular program; a booter thus bypassed any operating system that might be installed on the hard disk of the computer.

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PDP-10

The PDP-10 is a mainframe computer family manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1966 into the 1980s.

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PDP-11

The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a succession of products in the PDP series.

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PDP-5

The PDP-5 was Digital Equipment Corporation's first 12-bit computer, introduced in 1963.

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PDP-8

The PDP-8 was a 12-bit minicomputer produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).

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Phoronix

Phoronix is a technology website that offers insights regarding the development of the Linux kernel, product reviews, interviews, and news regarding free and open-source software by monitoring the Linux kernel mailing list or interviews.

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Power-on self-test

A power-on self-test (POST) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on.

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PowerPC

PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

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Preboot Execution Environment

In computing, the Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE, sometimes pronounced as pixie) specification describes a standardized client-server environment that boots a software assembly, retrieved from a network, on PXE-enabled clients.

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Program status word

The program status word (PSW) is an IBM System/360 architecture and successors control register which performs the function of a status register and program counter in other architectures, and more.

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Programmable read-only memory

A programmable read-only memory (PROM) or field programmable read-only memory (FPROM) or one-time programmable non-volatile memory (OTP NVM) is a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse.

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Pseudocode

Pseudocode is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm.

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Punched card

A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper that can be used to contain digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.

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Punched card input/output

A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards.

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Punched tape

Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched to store data.

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Random-access memory

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.

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Read-only memory

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

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Real mode

Real mode, also called real address mode, is an operating mode of all x86-compatible CPUs.

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Reboot

In computing, rebooting is the process by which a running computer system is restarted, either intentionally or unintentionally.

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RedBoot

RedBoot (an acronym for Red Hat Embedded Debug and Bootstrap firmware) is an open source application that uses the eCos real-time operating system Hardware Abstraction Layer to provide bootstrap firmware for embedded systems.

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Reset vector

The reset vector is the default location a central processing unit will go to find the first instruction it will execute after a reset.

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Rootkit

A root kit is a collection of computer software, typically malicious, designed to enable access to a computer or areas of its software that is not otherwise allowed (for example, to an unauthorized user) and often masks its existence or the existence of other software.

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Runtime system

A runtime system, also called run-time system, primarily implements portions of an execution model.

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Safe mode

Safe mode is a diagnostic mode of a computer operating system (OS).

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SCSI

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices.

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Secure Digital

Secure Digital (SD) is a non-volatile memory card format developed by the SD Card Association (SDA) for use in portable devices.

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Serial Peripheral Interface

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short distance communication, primarily in embedded systems.

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Server (computing)

In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients".

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SGI Visual Workstation

SGI Visual Workstation is a series of workstation computers that are designed and manufactured by SGI.

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Sleep mode

Sleep mode is a low power mode for electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices.

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SPARC

SPARC, for Scalable Processor Architecture, is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

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Spectre GCR

The Spectre GCR was a hardware add-on to the Atari ST computers that plugged into the cartridge port.

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Splashtop OS

Splashtop OS (previously known as SplashTop) is a discontinued proprietary Linux distribution intended to serve as instant-on environment for personal computers.

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Sun Microsystems

Sun Microsystems, Inc. was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC.

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SuperDisk

The SuperDisk LS-120 is a high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 in), 1.44 MB floppy disk.

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SYS (command)

SYS is a command in Microsoft BASIC used to execute a machine language program in memory.

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SYSLINUX

The SYSLINUX Project is a suite of lightweight master boot record (MBR) boot loaders for starting up IBM PC compatible computers with the Linux kernel.

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System Management Mode

System Management Mode (SMM, sometimes called ring -2 in reference to protection rings) is an operating mode of x86 central processor units (CPUs) in which all normal execution, including the operating system, is suspended.

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Tape drive

A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape.

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Teleprinter

A teleprinter (teletypewriter, Teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical typewriter that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations.

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Teletype Model 33

The Teletype Model 33 is an electromechanical teleprinter designed for light-duty office.

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Television set

A television set or television receiver, more commonly called a television, TV, TV set, or telly, is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of viewing television.

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Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is an American technology company that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally.

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TheFreeDictionary.com

TheFreeDictionary.com is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that gathers information from a variety of sources.

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Trivial File Transfer Protocol

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple lockstep File Transfer Protocol which allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote host.

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Unibus

The Unibus was the earliest of several computer bus and backplane designs used with PDP-11 and early VAX systems manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) of Maynard, Massachusetts.

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Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a specification that defines a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware.

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UNIVAC I

The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) was the first commercial computer produced in the United States.

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Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter

A universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) is a computer hardware device for asynchronous serial communication in which the data format and transmission speeds are configurable.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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USB

USB (abbreviation of Universal Serial Bus), is an industry standard that was developed to define cables, connectors and protocols for connection, communication, and power supply between personal computers and their peripheral devices.

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Volume boot record

A volume boot record (VBR) (also known as a volume boot sector, a partition boot record or a partition boot sector) is a type of boot sector introduced by the IBM Personal Computer.

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Windows NT startup process

The Windows NT startup process is the process by which Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems initialize.

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Windows To Go

Windows To Go is a feature in Windows 8 Enterprise, Windows 8.1 Enterprise, Windows 10 Enterprise and Windows 10 Education that allows them to boot and run from certain USB mass storage devices such as USB flash drives and external hard disk drives which have been certified by Microsoft as compatible.

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Windows Vista startup process

The startup process of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and their successors differs from the startup process part of previous versions of Windows.

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Windows XP

Windows XP (codenamed Whistler) is a personal computer operating system that was produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.

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Word (computer architecture)

In computing, a word is the natural unit of data used by a particular processor design.

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Workstation

A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.

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X86

x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.

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X86 memory segmentation

x86 memory segmentation refers to the implementation of memory segmentation in the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture.

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Z/Architecture

z/Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions (ESAME), is IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers.

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Zip drive

The Zip drive is a removable floppy disk storage system that was introduced by Iomega in late 1994.

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36-bit

Prior to the introduction of computers, the state of the art in precision scientific and engineering calculation was the ten-digit, electrically powered, mechanical calculator, such as those manufactured by Friden, Marchant and Monroe.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting

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