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Boris Yeltsin

Index Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. [1]

253 relations: Ad interim, Albert Reynolds, Alexander III of Russia, Alexander Korzhakov, Alexander Lebed, Alexander Rutskoy, Alexander Smolensky, American Journal of Sociology, Anatoly Chubais, Argumenty i Fakty, Arms control, Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code), Asia Times, Barvikha, Bashkortostan, Belavezha Accords, Berezniki, Beslan school siege, Białowieża Forest, Bill Clinton, Björn Borg, Bolsheviks, Boris Berezovsky (businessman), Boris Nemtsov, Boris Yeltsin circling over Shannon diplomatic incident, Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center, Boris, you are wrong, Bronchitis, Business oligarch, Butka, Russia, California Institute of Technology, Cambridge University Press, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Central Bank of Russia, Central Committee elected by the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Committee elected by the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chechnya, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Citizenship of Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Congress of People's Deputies of Russia, Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union, Council on Foreign Relations, Credit, Crimea, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, ..., Dacha, Dagestan, Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin, Democracy, Digital data, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Medvedev, Dual power (Russian Revolution), Economic collapse, Economy of the Soviet Union, Exchange rate, Execution of the Romanov family, Femur, Flight recorder, Forbes, Foreign Affairs, Fox News, Gennady Zyuganov, Great Depression, Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Group of Seven, Gulag, Half-mast, Hamilton, Ontario, Heart failure, History of the Soviet Union, Hussein of Jordan, Hyperinflation, Impeachment, Impeachment in Russia, Incomes policy, Independent politician, Inter-regional Deputies Group, Interest rate, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Monetary Fund, International trade, Ipatiev House, Ivan Silayev, Izvestia, Jesse Helms, Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR", Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945", Kazan, Kommersant, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Konstantin Chernenko, Konstantin Kobets, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Kosovo War, Kremlin pool, La Repubblica, Larry McDonald, Legion of Honour, Lenta.ru, Leon Trotsky, Leonid Kravchuk, Lilia Shevtsova, List of heads of government of Russia, List of presidents of Russia, Loan, Lying in repose, Mabetex Group, Market economy, Marshall Goldman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan", Mikhail Fridman, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Mikhail Lesin, Ministry of Defence (Russia), Moscow, Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Moscow Kremlin, Naina Yeltsina, National anthem of Russia, National day of mourning, NATO, Newsmax, Nicholas II of Russia, Nikolai Ryzhkov, Nomenklatura, Novodevichy Cemetery, Oleg Lobov, Olympic Order, Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", Order of Francysk Skaryna, Order of Good Hope, Order of Lenin, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, Order of the Badge of Honour, Order of the Cross of Vytis, Order of the Golden Eagle, Order of the Red Banner of Labour, Order of the Three Stars, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Patrioticheskaya Pesnya, Pavel Borodin, Pavel Grachev, Perestroika, Perm Krai, Pneumonia, Politburo, Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Populism, Pravda, Premier of the Soviet Union, President of Russia, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Price controls, Prime minister, Prime Minister of Russia, Privatization in Russia, Protest vote, Pushkin High School, Randalls, Red Army, Rem Viakhirev, Roh Tae-woo, Roman Abramovich, Ruslan Khasbulatov, Russia, Russian constitutional referendum, 1993, Russian oligarch, Russian presidential election, 1991, Russian presidential election, 1996, Russian ruble, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russians, Samara Oblast, Samizdat, Sardinia, Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Security Council of Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Sergei Stepashin, Sergey Kiriyenko, Sevastopol, Shannon Airport, Shock therapy (economics), Show trial, Silovik, Sky News, Someone Still Loves You Boris Yeltsin, Soviet of the Union, Soviet Union, Soviet Union legislative election, 1989, Spinning Boris, Stanislav Shushkevich, START II, State Anthem of the Soviet Union, State Committee for Construction, State Duma, Stockholm, Strobe Talbott, Supreme Soviet of Russia, Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, Sverdlovsk anthrax leak, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tatarstan, Tatyana Yumasheva, Taylor Branch, The New York Times, Time (magazine), Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, Trolleybus, Turkmenistan, United States, United States Deputy Secretary of State, Ural Oblast, Ural State Technical University, Vagit Alekperov, Valery Zorkin, Viktor Chernomyrdin, Viktor Grishin, Viktor Vekselberg, Vitaly Vorotnikov, Vladimir Bogdanov, Vladimir Lenin's Cabinet, Vladimir Potanin, Vladimir Putin, Weimar Republic, Welfare, White House (Moscow), Yegor Gaidar, Yegor Ligachyov, Yekaterinburg, Yelena Tregubova, Yeltsinism, Yerevan, Yevgeny Primakov, Yury Skuratov, 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, 1998 Russian financial crisis, 26th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 26th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Expand index (203 more) »

Ad interim

The Latin phrase ad interim (abbr. ad int., literally "in the time between") means "in the meantime" or "temporarily".

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Albert Reynolds

Albert Martin Reynolds (3 November 1932 – 21 August 2014) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1992 to 1994, Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1992 to 1994, Minister for Finance from 1988 to 1991, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1987 to 1988, Minister for Industry and Energy from March 1982 to December 1982, Minister for Transport from 1980 to 1981 and Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1979 to 1981.

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Alexander III of Russia

Alexander III (r; 1845 1894) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from until his death on.

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Alexander Korzhakov

Alexander Vasilyevich Korzhakov (Александр Васильевич Коржаков., born 31 January 1950 in Moscow) is a former KGB general who served as Boris Yeltsin's bodyguard, confidant, and adviser for eleven years.

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Alexander Lebed

Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Lebed (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ле́бедь; April 20, 1950 – April 28, 2002) was a Russian military officer and politician who held senior positions in the Airborne Troops before attempting to run for President of Russia in the 1996 election.

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Alexander Rutskoy

Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoy (p; born 16 September 1947) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet military officer.

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Alexander Smolensky

Alexander Pavlovich Smolensky (Алекса́ндр Па́влович Смолéнский) (born July 6, 1954) was the founder and president of one of the largest private banks in Russia - Bank Stolichny (later known as SBS/AGRO) which collapsed in the 1998 Russian financial crisis wiping out its investors' savings.

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American Journal of Sociology

Established in 1895 as the first US scholarly journal in its field, American Journal of Sociology (AJS) presents pathbreaking work from all areas of sociology, with an emphasis on theory building and innovative methods.

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Anatoly Chubais

Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (Анато́лий Бори́сович Чуба́йс; born 16 June 1955) is a Russian politician and businessman who was responsible for privatization in Russia as an influential member of Boris Yeltsin's administration in the early 1990s.

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Argumenty i Fakty

Argumenty i Fakty (Аргументы и факты, commonly abbreviated "АиФ" and translated as Arguments and Facts) is a weekly newspaper based in Moscow and a publishing house in Russia and worldwide.

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Arms control

Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction.

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Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)

Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on 25 February 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities.

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Asia Times

Asia Times is a Hong Kong-based Philippine English-language news website covering politics, economics, business and culture "from an Asian perspective specially Philippine".

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Barvikha

Barvikha (Барви́ха) is a village in Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia.

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Bashkortostan

The Republic of Bashkortostan (Башҡортостан Республикаһы, p), also historically known as Bashkiria (p), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic (state)).

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Belavezha Accords

The Belavezha Accords (Беловежские соглашения, Белавежскае пагадненне, Біловезькі угоди) is the agreement that declared the Soviet Union effectively dissolved and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place.

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Berezniki

Berezniki (Березники́) is a city in Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River, in the Ural Mountains.

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Beslan school siege

The Beslan school siege (also referred to as the Beslan school hostage crisis or Beslan massacre) started on 1 September 2004, lasted three days, involved the illegal imprisonment of over 1,100 people as hostages (including 777 children), and ended with the deaths of at least 334 people.

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Białowieża Forest

Białowieża Forest (Белавежская пушча, Biełaviežskaja Pušča; Baltvyžio giria; Puszcza Białowieska) is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest that once stretched across the European Plain.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Björn Borg

Björn Rune Borg (born 6 June 1956) is a Swedish former world No. 1 tennis player widely considered to be one of the greatest in the history of the sport.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Boris Berezovsky (businessman)

Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский, 23 January 1946 – 23 March 2013), aka Platon Elenin, was a Russian business oligarch, government official, engineer and mathematician.

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Boris Nemtsov

Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov (p; 9 October 195927 February 2015) was a Russian physicist and liberal politician.

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Boris Yeltsin circling over Shannon diplomatic incident

On 30 September 1994, Boris Yeltsin, then President of the Russian Federation, was scheduled for an official state visit to the Republic of Ireland but failed to get off his plane when it landed at Shannon Airport.

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Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center, also known simply as the Yeltsin Center is a social, cultural and educational center, which opened in Yekaterinburg in 2015.

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Boris, you are wrong

"Boris, you are wrong" (Борис, ты не прав) is a political catchphrase, originally said by Yegor Ligachev to Boris Yeltsin on 1 July 1988 to tackle Yeltsin's split from Soviet politics.

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Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs.

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Business oligarch

The term business oligarch is almost a synonym of the term business magnate, borrowed by the English-speaking and western media from post-Soviet parlance to label those businessmen who quickly acquired huge wealth in post-Soviet states (mostly Russia and Ukraine) during the privatization in Russia and in other post-Soviet states in the 1990s.

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Butka, Russia

Butka (Бутка) is a village in Talitsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television.

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Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Храм Христа Спасителя, Khram Khrista Spasitelya) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral in Moscow, Russia, on the northern bank of the Moskva River, a few hundred metres southwest of the Kremlin.

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Central Bank of Russia

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации Tsentral'nyy bank Rossiyskoy Federatsii) also known as the Bank of Russia (Банк России Bank Rossii) is the central bank of the Russian Federation, founded in 1860 as The State Bank of the Russian Empire, headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow.

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Central Committee elected by the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 26th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 26th Congress, and was in session from 1981 until 1986.

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Central Committee elected by the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 27th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 27th Congress, and was in session from 1986 until 1990.

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Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was de jure the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) between Party Congresses.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Chelyabinsk Oblast

Chelyabinsk Oblast (Челя́бинская о́бласть, Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia in the Ural Mountains region, on the border of Europe and Asia.

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Citizenship of Russia

Citizenship of Russia is regulated by the federal act regarding citizenship of the Russian Federation (of 2002, with the amendments of 2003, 2004, 2006), Constitution of the Russian Federation (of 1993), and the international treaties that cover citizenship questions to which the Russian Federation is a party.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Communist Party of the Russian Federation

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации; КПРФ; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, KPRF) is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Russia.

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Congress of People's Deputies of Russia

The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR (Съезд народных депутатов РСФСР) and since 1991 Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation (Съезд народных депутатов Российской Федерации) was the supreme government institution in the Russian SFSR and in the Russian Federation from 16 May 1990 to 21 September 1993.

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Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union

The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union (Sʺezd narodnykh deputatov SSSR) was the highest body of state authority of the Soviet Union from 1989 to 1991.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Credit

Credit (from Latin credit, "(he/she/it) believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date.

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Crimea

Crimea (Крым, Крим, Krym; Krym; translit;; translit) is a peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast.

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Critical Reviews in Microbiology

Critical Reviews in Microbiology is an international, peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes comprehensive review articles covering all areas of medical microbiology.

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Dacha

A dacha (a) is a seasonal or year-round second home, often located in the exurbs of Russian and other post-Soviet cities.

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Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.

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Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin

Boris Yeltsin, the first President of Russia, died of cardiac arrest on April 23, 2007, twelve days after being admitted to the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Digital data

Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is the discrete, discontinuous representation of information or works.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Dmitry Medvedev

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (p; born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Russia since 2012.

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Dual power (Russian Revolution)

"Dual Power" (r) was a term first used by Vladimir Lenin, which described a situation in the wake of the February Revolution in which two powers, the workers councils (or Soviets, particularly the Petrograd Soviet) and the official state apparatus of the Provisional Government coexisted with each other and competed for legitimacy.

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Economic collapse

Economic collapse is any of a broad range of bad economic conditions, ranging from a severe, prolonged depression with high bankruptcy rates and high unemployment (such as the Great Depression of the 1930s), to a breakdown in normal commerce caused by hyperinflation (such as in Weimar Germany in the 1920s), or even an economically caused sharp rise in the death rate and perhaps even a decline in population (such as in countries of the former USSR in the 1990s).

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Economy of the Soviet Union

The economy of the Soviet Union (экономика Советского Союза) was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning.

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Exchange rate

In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another.

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Execution of the Romanov family

The Russian Imperial Romanov family (Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Tsarina Alexandra and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) and all those who chose to accompany them into imprisonment—notably Eugene Botkin, Anna Demidova, Alexei Trupp and Ivan Kharitonov—were shot, bayoneted and clubbed to death in Yekaterinburg on the night of 16-17 July 1918.

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Femur

The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs.

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Flight recorder

A flight recorder is an electronic recording device placed in an aircraft for the purpose of facilitating the investigation of aviation accidents and incidents.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine.

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Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Fox News

Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

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Gennady Zyuganov

Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov (Генна́дий Андре́евич Зюга́нов; born 26 June 1944) is a Russian communist politician who has been the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation since 1993.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem

The Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Πατριαρχεῖον Ἱεροσολύμων, Patriarcheîon Hierosolýmōn) or Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس في القدس Kanisatt Ar-rum al-Urtudoks fi al-Quds, literally Rûm/Roman Orthodox Church of Jerusalem), and officially called simply the Patriarchate of Jerusalem, is an autocephalous Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

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Group of Seven

The Group of Seven (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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Gulag

The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.

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Half-mast

Half-mast or half-staff refers to a flag flying below the summit on a pole.

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Hamilton, Ontario

Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.

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History of the Soviet Union

The "History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world.

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Hussein of Jordan

Hussein bin Talal (الحسين بن طلال, Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) reigned as King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death.

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Hyperinflation

In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation.

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Impeachment

Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body formally levels charges against a high official of government.

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Impeachment in Russia

Impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation — initiated by the Parliament's legal procedure, providing for the termination of the Russian President of his powers.

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Incomes policy

Incomes policies in economics are economy-wide wage and price controls, most commonly instituted as a response to inflation, and usually seeking to establish wages and prices below free market level.

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Independent politician

An independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual politician not affiliated with any political party.

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Inter-regional Deputies Group

The Inter-Regional Deputies' Group (Межрегиональная депутатская группа, МДГ) was the first legal parliamentary opposition in the Soviet Union, a fraction formed in 1989 within the 1st Congress of People's Deputies.

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Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the principal sum).

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International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale, OACI), is a specialized agency of the United Nations.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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International trade

International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.

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Ipatiev House

Ipatiev House (Russian: Дом Ипатьева) was a merchant's house in Yekaterinburg where the former Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his family, and members of his household were executed in 1918 following the Bolshevik Revolution.

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Ivan Silayev

Ivan Stepanovich Silayev (Ива́н Степа́нович Сила́ев; born 21 October 1930) is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Izvestia

Izvestia (p) is a long-running high-circulation daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia.

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Jesse Helms

Jesse Alexander Helms Jr. (October 18, 1921 – July 4, 2008) was an American politician and a leader in the conservative movement.

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Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"

The Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (Юбилейная медаль «60 лет Вооружённых Сил СССР») was a state military commemorative medal of the Soviet Union established and bestowed to military personnel to denote the sixtieth anniversary of the creation of the armed forces of the Soviet Union.

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Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"

The Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (Юбилейная медаль В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина») was a state commemorative medal of the Soviet Union established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on November 5, 1969 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin.

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Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"

The Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (Юбилейная медаль «Тридцать лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941–1945 гг.») was a state commemorative medal of the Soviet Union established on April 25, 1975 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to denote the thirtieth anniversary of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II.

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Kazan

Kazan (p; Казан) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

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Kommersant

Kommersant (Коммерса́нтъ,, The Businessman, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business.

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Komsomolskaya Pravda

Komsomolskaya Pravda (Комсомо́льская пра́вда; lit. "Komsomol Truth") is a daily Russian tabloid newspaper, founded on 13 March 1925.

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Konstantin Chernenko

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (p, 24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Konstantin Kobets

Konstantin Ivanovich Kobets (Константин Иванович Кобец; 16 July 1939 in Kiev – 30 December 2012) was a Russian Army General.

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Korean Air Lines Flight 007

Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (also known as KAL007 and KE007)KAL 007 was used by air traffic control, while the public flight booking system used KE 007 was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alaska.

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Kosovo War

No description.

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Kremlin pool

The Kremlin pool (Кремлевский пул), also President's pool is a group of Russian journalists accredited to regularly cover the activities of the President of Russia and the top Russian government.

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La Repubblica

la Repubblica (the Republic) is an Italian daily general-interest newspaper.

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Larry McDonald

Lawrence Patton McDonald (April 1, 1935 – September 1, 1983) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Democrat from 1975 until he was killed while a passenger on board Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by Soviet interceptors.

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Legion of Honour

The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.

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Lenta.ru

Lenta.ru (Лента.Ру; stylised as LƐNTA·RU) is a Moscow-based online newspaper in Russian language, owned by Rambler Media Group which belongs to Prof-Media.

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Leon Trotsky

Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; – 21 August 1940) was a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician.

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Leonid Kravchuk

Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk (Леонід Макарович Кравчук; born 10 January 1934) is a former Ukrainian politician and the first President of Ukraine, who served from 5 December 1991, until his resignation on 19 July 1994.

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Lilia Shevtsova

Lilia Fyodorovna Shevtsova (Ли́лия Фёдоровна Шевцо́ва, born 7 October 1949 in Lviv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Kremlinology expert.

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List of heads of government of Russia

Approximately 98 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1726.

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List of presidents of Russia

This is a list of presidents of the Russian Federation, a country that was formed in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union.

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Loan

In finance, a loan is the lending of money by one or more individuals, organizations, and/or other entities to other individuals, organizations etc.

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Lying in repose

Lying in repose is the condition of a deceased person, often of high social stature, whose body is available for public viewing.

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Mabetex Group

The Mabetex Group, founded in 1990, is the mother company of Mabetex and other companies founded and owned by Behgjet Pacolli.

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Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

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Marshall Goldman

Marshall Irwin Goldman (July 26, 1930 – August 2, 2017) was an expert on the economy of the former Soviet Union.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"

The Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" (Медаль «В память 1000-летия Казани») is a state commemorative medal of the Russian Federation established on June 30, 2005 by Presidential Decree № 762 to denote the 1000th anniversary of the foundation of Kazan, the capital city of Tatarstan.

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Mikhail Fridman

Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (also transliterated Mikhail Friedman; Михаи́л Мара́тович Фри́дман; born 21 April 1964) is a Russian business magnate, investor and philanthropist.

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.

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Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (Михаи́л Бори́сович Ходорко́вский,; born 26 June 1963) is an exiled Russian businessman, philanthropist and former oligarch, now resident in Switzerland.

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Mikhail Lesin

Mikhail Yuriyevich Lesin (Михаил Юрьевич Лесин; July 11, 1958 – November 5, 2015) was a Russian political figure, media executive and an adviser to president Vladimir Putin.

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Ministry of Defence (Russia)

The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) exercises administrative and operational leadership of the Russian Armed Forces.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, commonly referred to as the Moscow CPSU gorkom, was the position of highest authority in the city of Moscow roughly equating to that of mayor.

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Moscow Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin (p), usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west.

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Naina Yeltsina

Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (Наина Иосифовна Ельцина, née Girina, Гирина; born 14 March 1932) is the widow of the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin.

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National anthem of Russia

The "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" (p) is the name of the official national anthem of Russia.

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National day of mourning

A national day of mourning is a day marked by mourning and memorial activities observed among the majority of a country's populace.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.

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Newsmax

Newsmax or Newsmax.com, previously styled NewsMax, is an American news and opinion website founded by Christopher Ruddy and operated by Newsmax Media.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Nicholas II or Nikolai II (r; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas II of Russia in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.

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Nikolai Ryzhkov

Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov (Ukrainian: Рижков Микола Іванович, Russian: Николай Иванович Рыжков, Nikolaj Ivanovič Ryžkov; born 28 September 1929) is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Nomenklatura

The nomenklatura (p; nomenclatura) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy, running all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.

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Novodevichy Cemetery

Novodevichy Cemetery (Новоде́вичье кла́дбище, Novodevichye kladbishche) is the most famous cemetery in Moscow.

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Oleg Lobov

Oleg Ivanovich Lobov (Олег Иванович Лобов; born 7 September 1937) is a Russian politician who served as acting First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic from 19 April 1991 to 15 November 1991 and also was acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian SFSR from 26 September 1991 to 6 November 1991, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Olympic Order

The Olympic Order is the highest award of the Olympic Movement and is awarded for particularly distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement, i.e. recognition of efforts worthy of merit in the cause of sport.

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Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"

The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" (Орден «За заслуги перед Отечеством», Orden "Za zaslugi pered Otechestvom") is a state decoration of the Russian Federation.

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Order of Francysk Skaryna

The Order of Francysk Skaryna (О́рдэн Францы́ска Скары́ны) is an award of Belarus.

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Order of Good Hope

The Order of Good Hope or Order of the Cape of Good Hope has been a knighthood order of the Republic of South Africa.

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Order of Lenin

The Order of Lenin (Orden Lenina), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930.

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Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951.

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Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise

The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (Орден князя Ярослава Мудрого) is an award of Ukraine.

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Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy

The Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy is an award of the Russian Orthodox Church.

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Order of the Badge of Honour

The Order of the Badge of Honour (Орден «Знак Почёта») was a civilian award of the Soviet Union.

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Order of the Cross of Vytis

The Order of the Cross of Vytis (Vyčio Kryžiaus ordinas) is a Lithuanian presidential award conferred for heroic defence of Lithuania's freedom and independence.

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Order of the Golden Eagle

The Order of the Golden Eagle or "Altyn Qyran" Order (Алтын Қыран ордені, Орден Золотого орла) is the highest order of Kazakhstan.

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Order of the Red Banner of Labour

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (translit) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, health, social and other spheres of labour activities.

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Order of the Three Stars

Order of the Three Stars (Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis) is an order awarded for meritorious service to Latvia.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Patrioticheskaya Pesnya

"The Patriotic Song", was the state and national anthem of the Russian SFSR and of the Russian Federation respectively, from 1990 to 2000.

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Pavel Borodin

Pavel Pavlovich Borodin (Павел Павлович Бородин) (born 25 October 1946) is a Russian official and politician.

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Pavel Grachev

Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (Па́вел Серге́евич Грачё́в; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star.

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Perestroika

Perestroika (a) was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s until 1991 and is widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.

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Perm Krai

Perm Krai (p) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Politburo

A politburo or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties.

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Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Politburo (p, full: Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated Политбюро ЦК КПСС, Politbyuro TsK KPSS) was the highest policy-making government authority under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Populism

In politics, populism refers to a range of approaches which emphasise the role of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against "the elite".

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Pravda

Pravda (a, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, formerly the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million.

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Premier of the Soviet Union

The Premier of the Soviet Union (Глава Правительства СССР) was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

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President of Russia

The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.

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Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, led by a chairman, was the de jure leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990.

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Price controls

Price controls are governmental restrictions on the prices that can be charged for goods and services in a market.

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Prime minister

A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.

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Prime Minister of Russia

The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (translit), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister (translit) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation.

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Privatization in Russia

Privatization in Russia describes the series of post-Soviet reforms that resulted in large-scale privatization of Russia's state-owned assets, particularly in the industrial, energy, and financial sectors.

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Protest vote

A protest vote (also known as a blank vote or white vote) is a vote cast in an election to demonstrate the voter's dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or refusal of the current political system.

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Pushkin High School

Pushkin High School is a comprehensive school in the city of Berezniki in Perm Krai oblast, Russia.

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Randalls

Randalls operates 42 supermarkets in Texas, with 26 stores around the Houston area and 16 stores around the Austin area, under the Randalls and Flagship Randalls banners.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Rem Viakhirev

Rem Ivanovich Viakhirev (p; 23 August 1934 – 11 February 2013) was a Russian businessman.

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Roh Tae-woo

Roh Tae-woo (born December 4, 1932) is a former South Korean politician and ROK Army general who served as President of South Korea from 1988 to 1993.

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Roman Abramovich

Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (Russian: Рома́н Арка́дьевич Абрамо́вич,; Hebrew: רומן אברמוביץ'; born 24 October 1966) is a Russian-Israeli billionaire businessman, investor, and politician.

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Ruslan Khasbulatov

Ruslan Imranovich Khasbulatov (Русла́н Имранович Хасбула́тов, Хасбола́ти Имра́ни кIант Руслан) (born November 22, 1942) is a Russian economist and politician and the Chairman of Parliament of Russia of Chechen descent who played a central role in the events leading to the 1993 constitutional crisis in the Russian Federation.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian constitutional referendum, 1993

A constitutional referendum was held in Russia on 12 December 1993.

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Russian oligarch

The Russian oligarchs (see the related term "New Russians") are business oligarchs of the former Soviet republics who rapidly accumulated wealth during the era of Russian privatization in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s.

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Russian presidential election, 1991

Presidential elections were held in the Russian SFSR on 12 June 1991.

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Russian presidential election, 1996

Presidential elections were held in Russia on 16 June 1996, with a second round on 3 July.

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Russian ruble

The Russian ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ, plural: рубли́ rubli; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the two unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.

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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.

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Russians

Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.

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Samara Oblast

Samara Oblast (p) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Samizdat

Samizdat was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground publications by hand and passed the documents from reader to reader.

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Sardinia

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Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), often referred to as the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee, had responsibility for the central administration of the party as opposed to drafting government policy (which was usually handled by the Politburo).

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Security Council of Russia

The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF; Russian: Совет безопасности Российской Федерации (СБРФ); Sovet bezopasnosti Rossiiyskoiy Federatsii (SBRF)) is a consultative body of the Russian President that works out the President's decisions on national security affairs.

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Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro (Srbija i Crna Gora, Србија и Црна Гора; SCG, СЦГ), officially the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Državna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, Државна Заједница Србија и Црна Гора), was a country in Southeast Europe, created from the two remaining federal republics of Yugoslavia after its breakup in 1992.

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Sergei Stepashin

Colonel General Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin (Серге́й Вади́мович Степа́шин; born 2 March 1952) is a Russian politician who briefly served as Prime Minister of Russia in 1999.

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Sergey Kiriyenko

Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko (Серге́й Владиле́нович Кирие́нко; born 26 July 1962) is a Russian politician.

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Sevastopol

Sevastopol (Севастополь; Севасто́поль; Акъяр, Aqyar), traditionally Sebastopol, is the largest city on the Crimean Peninsula and a major Black Sea port.

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Shannon Airport

Shannon Airport (Aerfort na Sionna) is one of Ireland's three primary airports, along with Dublin and Cork.

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Shock therapy (economics)

Shock therapy is a term used by some non-economists to refer to the sudden release of price and currency controls (economic liberalization), withdrawal of state subsidies, and immediate trade liberalization within a country, usually also including large-scale privatization of previously public-owned assets.

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Show trial

A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant.

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Silovik

Silovik (p; plural: siloviki, p) is a Russian word for politicians from the security or military services, often the officers of the former KGB, GRU, FSB, SVR, the Federal Drug Control or other security services who came into power.

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Sky News

Sky News is a 24-hour international multimedia news organisation based in the UK that started as a 24-hour television news channel.

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Someone Still Loves You Boris Yeltsin

Someone Still Loves You Boris Yeltsin (SSLYBY) is an indie pop band from Springfield, Missouri.

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Soviet of the Union

The Soviet of the Union (Сове́т Сою́за, Sovet Soyuza) was the lower chamber of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy, and with the rule that there be one deputy for every 300,000 people.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet Union legislative election, 1989

In 1989, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union.

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Spinning Boris

Spinning Boris is a 2003 American comedy film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Jeff Goldblum, Anthony LaPaglia and Liev Schreiber.

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Stanislav Shushkevich

Stanislau Stanislavavich Shushkevich (Станісла́ў Станісла́вавіч Шушке́віч, Łacinka: Stanisłaŭ Stanisłavavič Šuškievič; Станисла́в Станисла́вович Шушке́вич; born December 15, 1934 in Minsk) is a Belarusian politician and scientist.

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START II

START II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States of America and Russia on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.

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State Anthem of the Soviet Union

The "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (italic), also unofficially known as "Slav’sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye" was the official national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the state anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale".

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State Committee for Construction

The Gosstroy (Госстрой) or State Committee for Construction in the Soviet Union (Gosstroy) was the government body for the implementation of national planning, monitoring and management in the construction sector of the USSR.

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State Duma

The State Duma (r), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Госду́ма (Gosduma), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house is the Council of the Federation.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Strobe Talbott

Nelson Strobridge "Strobe" Talbott III (born April 25, 1946) is an American foreign policy analyst associated with Yale University and the Brookings Institution, a former journalist associated with Time magazine, and a diplomat who served as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1994 to 2001.

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Supreme Soviet of Russia

The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (Верховный Совет РСФСР, Verkhovnıy Sovet RSFSR), later Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (Верховный Совет Российской Федерации, Verkhovnıy Sovet Rossiyskoi Federatsii) was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990; in 1990–1993 it was a permanent parliament, elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation). The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established as similar structure as the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, instead of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) as the highest organ of power of Russia. In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (str Delegatskaya, 3), which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace. In 1981 the Supreme Soviet was moved to a specially constructed building on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, The House of Soviets. The Supreme Soviet was abolished in October 1993 (after the events of Russia's 1993 constitutional crisis) and replaced by the Federal Assembly of Russia (consists of the Federation Council of Russia and State Duma), whose powers are weaker than Supreme Council ones.

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Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments.

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Sverdlovsk anthrax leak

The Sverdlovsk anthrax leak was an incident in which spores of anthrax were accidentally released from the Sverdlovsk-19a military research facility on the southern edge of the city of Sverdlovsk (formerly, and now again, Yekaterinburg) on April 2, 1979.

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Sverdlovsk Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast (Свердло́вская о́бласть, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District.

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Tatarstan

The Republic of Tatarstan (p; Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan, is a federal subject (a republic) of the Russian Federation, located in the Volga Federal District.

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Tatyana Yumasheva

Tatyana Borisovna Yumasheva (Татьяна Борисовна Юмашева; born January 17, 1960; former also Dyachenko, née Yeltsina) is the younger daughter of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin.

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Taylor Branch

Taylor Branch (born January 14, 1947) is an American author and historian best known for his trilogy of books chronicling the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. and much of the history of the American Civil Rights Movement.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Treaty on the Creation of the USSR

The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR officially created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union.

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Trolleybus

A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram Joyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). British Trolleybus Systems, pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing.. or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK). Republished 2004 with or 9780753709702.) is an electric bus that draws power from overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded trolley poles.

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (or; Türkmenistan), (formerly known as Turkmenia) is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Deputy Secretary of State

The Deputy Secretary of State of the United States is the principal deputy to the Secretary of State.

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Ural Oblast

The Ural Oblast (Уральская область) was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR.

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Ural State Technical University

Ural State Technical University (USTU) is a higher education institute in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation.

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Vagit Alekperov

Vagit Yusufovich Alekperov (Vahid Yusuf oğlu Ələkbərov, Вагит Юсуфович Алекперов; born 1 September 1950) is an Azerbaijani and Russian businessman, the president of the leading Russian oil company LUKOIL.

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Valery Zorkin

Valery Dmitrievich Zorkin (Вале́рий Дми́триевич Зо́рькин) is the first and the current Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

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Viktor Chernomyrdin

Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (Ви́ктор Степа́нович Черномы́рдин,; 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Russian politician.

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Viktor Grishin

Viktor Vasilyevich Grishin (Ви́ктор Васи́льевич Гри́шин; – 25 May 1992) was a Soviet politician.

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Viktor Vekselberg

Viktor Felixovich Vekselberg (Виктор Феликсович Вексельберг, Віктор Феліксович Вексельберг; born 14 April 1957) is a Ukrainian-born Russian businessman.

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Vitaly Vorotnikov

Vitaly Ivanovich Vorotnikov (Вита́лий Ива́нович Воротнико́в; 20 January 1926 – 19 February 2012) was a Soviet statesman.

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Vladimir Bogdanov

Vladimir Leonidovich Bogdanov (Владимир Леонидович Богданов; born 28 May 1951) is a Russian businessman and oil tycoon.

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Vladimir Lenin's Cabinet

Following the October Revolution, Vladimir Lenin became the head of state of the a new government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars.

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Vladimir Potanin

Vladimir Olegovich Potanin (Владимир Олегович Потанин in Russian; born 3 January 1961) is a Russian billionaire, entrepreneur and oligarch.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.

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Welfare

Welfare is a government support for the citizens and residents of society.

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White House (Moscow)

The White House (p; officially: The House of the Government of the Russian Federation, r), also known as the Russian White House, is a government building in Moscow.

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Yegor Gaidar

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (Его́р Тиму́рович Гайда́р;; 19 March 1956 – 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author, and was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.

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Yegor Ligachyov

Yegor Kuzmich Ligachyov (also transliterated as Ligachev; Его́р Кузьми́ч Лигачёв; born 29 November 1920) is a Soviet politician who was a high-ranking official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

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Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (p), alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains, in the middle of the Eurasian continent, at the boundary between Asia and Europe.

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Yelena Tregubova

Yelena Viktorovna Tregubova (Елена Викторовна Трегубова) (born May 24, 1973) is a Russian journalist.

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Yeltsinism

Yeltsinism is a rarely used neologism characterising the political and economic policies of Boris Yeltsin after he became the effective ruler of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.

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Yerevan

Yerevan (Երևան, sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.

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Yevgeny Primakov

Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (Евге́ний Макси́мович Примако́в, tr. Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov; 29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999.

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Yury Skuratov

Yury Ilyich Skuratov (Ю́рий Ильи́ч Скура́тов; born July 3, 1952) is a Russian lawyer and politician.

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1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt

The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup (r "August Putsch"), was an attempt by members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev.

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1993 Russian constitutional crisis

The constitutional crisis of 1993 was a political stand-off between the Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Russian parliament that was resolved by using military force.

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1998 Russian financial crisis

The Russian financial crisis (also called Ruble crisis or the Russian Flu) hit Russia on 17 August 1998.

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26th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 26th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 26th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 26th Congress.

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26th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 26th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 26th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 26th Congress.

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27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 27th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 27th Congress.

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28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The 28th Congress of the CPSU (July 2, 1990 – July 13, 1990) was held in Moscow.

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Redirects here:

Boris El'cin, Boris Elcin, Boris Eltsin, Boris El’cin, Boris Eľcin, Boris Ieltsin, Boris Jel'cin, Boris Jelcin, Boris Jeltsin, Boris Jelzin, Boris N Yeltsin, Boris N. Yeltsin, Boris Nikolaevic Jelcin, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, Boris Nikolaevič Jelcin, Boris Nikolajevic Jelcin, Boris Nikolajevič Jelcin, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, Boris Yeltsen, Boris Yeltzin, Boris yeltsin, Boris yeltson, Borris Yeltsin, Borris Yeltzin, Borys Yeltsin, El'cin, Eltsin, Jel'cin, Jelcin, Jeltsin, Jelzin, Naina Iosifovna Yeltsin, President Yeltsin, President Yeltsin's, Yelcin, Yelstin, Yeltsin, Yeltsin, Boris, Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich, Yeltzin, Бори́с Е́льцин, Бори́с Никола́евич Е́льцин, Борис Ельцин, Борис Николаевич Ельцин.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin

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