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Braille

Index Braille

Braille is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired. [1]

143 relations: A, ABC News (TV channel), Abugida, Accessible publishing, Act of Congress, Algerian Braille, Alphabet, American Braille, American Printing House for the Blind, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Apostrophe, Arabic Braille, ASCII, Australian dollar, B, Banknotes of the Canadian dollar, Bharati Braille, Binary number, Bit, Bit numbering, Bracket, Braille, Braille ASCII, Braille embosser, Braille literacy, Braille music, Braille technology, Braille translator, Braille watch, C, Canadian currency tactile feature, Cantonese Braille, Character encoding, Charles Barbier, Code, Code page, Cognate, Collation, Colon (punctuation), Comma, Contraction (grammar), D, Decimal separator, Diacritic, E, English Braille, Exclamation mark, F, French Braille, French orthography, ..., Full stop, G, Gardner–Salinas braille codes, Gematria, German Braille, H, Hangul, Hungarian Braille, Hyphen, I, India, Indian rupee, International uniformity of braille alphabets, ISO basic Latin alphabet, Isopsephy, Israeli new shekel, J, Japanese Braille, K, Korean Braille, L, Learning to read, Letter case, List of binary codes, List of international common standards, Logogram, Los Angeles Times, Louis Braille, Luxembourgish Braille, M, Mainland Chinese Braille, Mainstreaming (education), Mathematical notation, Mathematics, Moon type, Music, Musical notation, N, Napoleon, Nemeth Braille, New York Point, Night writing, Number, O, P, Paris, Perforation, Perkins Brailler, Q, Question mark, Quotation mark, R, Refreshable braille display, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Russian ruble, S, Screen reader, Semicolon, Slash (punctuation), Slate and stylus, Stenoscript, Swiss franc, T, Tactile alphabet, Tactile graphic, Tangible symbol systems, The Boston Globe, Transcription (linguistics), Tuple, Typographic ligature, U, Unicode, Unified English Braille, V, Visual impairment, W, WIMATS, Writing system, X, Y, Yale romanization of Cantonese, Z, 0, 1, 1829 braille, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Expand index (93 more) »

A

A (named, plural As, A's, as, a's or aes) is the first letter and the first vowel of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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ABC News (TV channel)

ABC News (also referred to as the ABC News channel) is an Australian 24-hour news channel launched and owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

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Abugida

An abugida (from Ge'ez: አቡጊዳ ’abugida), or alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

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Accessible publishing

Accessible publishing is an approach to publishing and book design whereby books and other texts are made available in alternative formats designed to aid or replace the reading process.

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Act of Congress

An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress.

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Algerian Braille

Algerian Braille was a braille alphabet used to write the Arabic language in Algeria.

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Alphabet

An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that is used to write one or more languages based upon the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language.

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American Braille

American Braille was a popular braille alphabet used in the United States before the adoption of standardized English braille in 1918.

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American Printing House for the Blind

The American Printing House for the Blind (APH) is an American non-for-profit corporation in Louisville, Kentucky promoting independent living for people who are blind and visually impaired.

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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.

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Apostrophe

The apostrophe ( ' or) character is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets.

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Arabic Braille

Arabic Braille (بريل عربية, /) is the braille alphabet for the Arabic language.

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ASCII

ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

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Australian dollar

The Australian dollar (sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including its external territories Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.

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B

B or b (pronounced) is the second letter of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Banknotes of the Canadian dollar

Banknotes of the Canadian dollar are the banknotes or bills (in common lexicon) of Canada, denominated in Canadian dollars (CAD, C$, or $ locally).

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Bharati Braille

Bharati braille, or Bharatiya Braille (Hindi: भारती ब्रेल "Indian braille"), is a largely unified braille script for writing the languages of India.

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Binary number

In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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Bit numbering

In computing, bit numbering (or sometimes bit endianness) is the convention used to identify the bit positions in a binary number or a container for such a value.

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Bracket

A bracket is a tall punctuation mark typically used in matched pairs within text, to set apart or interject other text.

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Braille

Braille is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired.

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Braille ASCII

Braille ASCII (or more formally The North American Braille ASCII Code, also known as SimBraille) is a subset of the ASCII character set which uses 64 of the printable ASCII characters to represent all possible dot combinations in six-dot Braille.

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Braille embosser

A braille embosser is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells.

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Braille literacy

A sighted child who is reading at a basic level should be able to understand common words and answer simple questions about the information presented.

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Braille music

Braille music is a Braille code that allows music to be notated using Braille cells so music can be read by visually impaired musicians.

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Braille technology

Braille technology is assistive technology which allows blind or visually impaired people to do common tasks such as writing, browsing the Internet, typing in Braille and printing in text, engaging in chat, downloading files, music, using electronic mail, burning music, and reading documents.

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Braille translator

A braille translator is a software program that translates a script into braille and sends it to a braille embosser, which produces a hard copy of the original print text.

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Braille watch

A braille watch is a portable timepiece used by the blind or visually impaired to tell time.

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C

C is the third letter in the English alphabet and a letter of the alphabets of many other writing systems which inherited it from the Latin alphabet.

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Canadian currency tactile feature

The Canadian currency tactile feature is a feature on the ''Canadian Journey'' and ''Frontier'' series of Canadian banknotes to aid people who are visually impaired to identify the notes.

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Cantonese Braille

Cantonese Braille (Chinese: 粵語點字) is a braille script used to write Cantonese in Hong Kong.

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Character encoding

Character encoding is used to represent a repertoire of characters by some kind of encoding system.

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Charles Barbier

Charles Barbier de la Serre (18 May 1767 – 29 April 1841) was the creator of night writing.

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Code

In communications and information processing, code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into another form or representation, sometimes shortened or secret, for communication through a communication channel or storage in a storage medium.

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Code page

In computing, a code page is a table of values that describes the character set used for encoding a particular set of characters, usually combined with a number of control characters.

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Cognate

In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.

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Collation

Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order.

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Colon (punctuation)

The colon is a punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line.

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Comma

The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages.

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Contraction (grammar)

A contraction is a shortened version of the written and spoken forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.

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D

D (named dee) is the fourth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Decimal separator

A decimal separator is a symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form.

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Diacritic

A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or an accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph.

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E

E (named e, plural ees) is the fifth letter and the second vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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English Braille

English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, is the braille alphabet used for English.

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Exclamation mark

The exclamation mark (British English) or exclamation point (some dialects of American English) is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume (shouting), or show emphasis, and often marks the end of a sentence.

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F

F (named ef) is the sixth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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French Braille

French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others.

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French orthography

French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.

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Full stop

The full point or full stop (British and broader Commonwealth English) or period (North American English) is a punctuation mark.

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G

G (named gee) is the 7th letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Gardner–Salinas braille codes

The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are a method of encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired.

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Gematria

Gematria (גמטריא, plural or, gematriot) originated as an Assyro-Babylonian-Greek system of alphanumeric code or cipher later adopted into Jewish culture that assigns numerical value to a word, name, or phrase in the belief that words or phrases with identical numerical values bear some relation to each other or bear some relation to the number itself as it may apply to Nature, a person's age, the calendar year, or the like.

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German Braille

German Braille is one of the older braille alphabets.

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H

H (named aitch or, regionally, haitch, plural aitches)"H" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "aitch" or "haitch", op.

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Hangul

The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul (from Korean hangeul 한글), has been used to write the Korean language since its creation in the 15th century by Sejong the Great.

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Hungarian Braille

The braille alphabet used to write Hungarian is based on the international norm for the 26 basic letters of the Latin script.

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Hyphen

The hyphen (‐) is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word.

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I

I (named i, plural ies) is the ninth letter and the third vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian rupee

The Indian rupee (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the official currency of the Republic of India.

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International uniformity of braille alphabets

The goal of braille uniformity is to unify the braille alphabets of the world as much as possible, so that literacy in one braille alphabet readily transfers to another.

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ISO basic Latin alphabet

The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in various national and international standards and used widely in international communication.

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Isopsephy

Isopsephy (ἴσος isos meaning "equal" and ψῆφος psephos meaning "pebble") or isopsephism is the practice of adding up the number values of the letters in a word to form a single number.

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Israeli new shekel

The Israeli new shekel (שֶׁקֶל חָדָשׁ; شيقل جديد; sign: ₪; code: ILS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel and formerly known as the New Israeli Sheqel (NIS), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

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J

J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Japanese Braille

Japanese Braille is the braille script of the Japanese language.

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K

K (named kay) is the eleventh letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Korean Braille

Korean Braille is the braille alphabet of the Korean language.

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L

L (named el) is the twelfth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet, used in words such as lagoon, lantern, and less.

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Learning to read

Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.

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Letter case

Letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also uppercase, capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule) and smaller lower case (also lowercase, small letters, or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.

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List of binary codes

This is a list of some binary codes that are (or have been) used to represent text as a sequence of binary digits "0" and "1".

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List of international common standards

A list of common and basic information standards, that are related by their frequent and widespread use, and which are conventionally used internationally by industry and organizations.

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Logogram

In written language, a logogram or logograph is a written character that represents a word or phrase.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Louis Braille

Louis Braille (4 January 1809 – 6 January 1852) was a French educator and inventor of a system of reading and writing for use by the blind or visually impaired.

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Luxembourgish Braille

Luxembourgish Braille is the braille alphabet of the Luxembourgish language.

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M

M (named em) is the thirteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Mainland Chinese Braille

(Mainland) Chinese Braille is a braille script used for Standard Mandarin in China.

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Mainstreaming (education)

Mainstreaming, in the context of education, is the practice of placing students with special education services such as the individualized education program or 504 plan in a general education classroom during specific time periods based on their skills.

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Mathematical notation

Mathematical notation is a system of symbolic representations of mathematical objects and ideas.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Moon type

The Moon System of Embossed Reading (commonly known as the Moon writing, Moon alphabet, Moon script, Moon type, or Moon code) is a writing system for the blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Latin script (but simplified).

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Music

Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.

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Musical notation

Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written, printed, or otherwise-produced symbols.

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N

N (named en) is the fourteenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Nemeth Braille

The Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics is a Braille code for encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using standard six-dot Braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired.

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New York Point

New York Point is a braille-like system of tactile writing for the blind invented by William Bell Wait (1839–1916), a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind.

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Night writing

Night writing, a.k.a. sonography, was a system of code that used symbols of twelve dots arranged as two columns of six dots embossed on a square of paperboard, and is now remembered as the forerunner of Braille.

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Number

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure and also label.

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O

O (named o, plural oes) is the 15th letter and the fourth vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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P

P (named pee) is the 16th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Perforation

A perforation is a small hole in a thin material or web.

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Perkins Brailler

The Perkins Brailler is a "braille typewriter" with a key corresponding to each of the six dots of the braille code, a space key, a backspace key, and a line space key.

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Q

Q (named cue) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Question mark

The question mark (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism) is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages.

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Quotation mark

Quotation marks, also called quotes, quote marks, quotemarks, speech marks, inverted commas or talking marks, are punctuation marks used in pairs in various writing systems to set off direct speech, a quotation, or a phrase.

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R

R (named ar/or) is the 18th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Refreshable braille display

A refreshable braille display or braille terminal is an electro-mechanical device for displaying braille characters, usually by means of round-tipped pins raised through holes in a flat surface.

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Rehabilitation Act of 1973

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973,, is a federal law, codified as et seq.

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Russian ruble

The Russian ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ, plural: рубли́ rubli; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the two unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.

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S

S (named ess, plural esses) is the 19th letter in the Modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Screen reader

A screen reader is a form of assistive technology (AT) which is essential to people who are blind, as well as useful to people who are visually impaired, illiterate, or have a learning disability.

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Semicolon

The semicolon or semi colon is a punctuation mark that separates major sentence elements.

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Slash (punctuation)

The slash is an oblique slanting line punctuation mark.

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Slate and stylus

The slate and stylus are tools used by blind persons to write text that they can read without assistance.

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Stenoscript

Stenoscript or Stenoscript ABC Shorthand is a shorthand system invented by Manuel C. Avancena (1923-1987) and first published in 1950.

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Swiss franc

The franc (sign: Fr. or SFr.; Franken, French and Romansh: franc, franco; code: CHF) is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein; it is also legal tender in the Italian exclave Campione d'Italia.

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T

T (named tee) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Tactile alphabet

A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch.

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Tactile graphic

Tactile graphics, including tactile pictures, tactile diagrams, tactile maps, and tactile graphs, are images that use raised surfaces so that a visually impaired person can feel them.

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Tangible symbol systems

Tangible symbols are a type of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) that uses objects or pictures that share a perceptual relationship with the items they represent as symbols.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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Transcription (linguistics)

Transcription in the linguistic sense is the systematic representation of language in written form.

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Tuple

In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements.

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Typographic ligature

In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined as a single glyph.

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U

U (named u, plural ues) is the 21st letter and the fifth vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.

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Unified English Braille

Unified English Braille Code (UEBC, formerly UBC, now usually simply UEB) is an English language Braille code standard, developed to permit representing the wide variety of literary and technical material in use in the English-speaking world today, in uniform fashion.

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V

V (named vee) is the 22nd letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Visual impairment

Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.

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W

W (named double-u,Pronounced plural double-ues) is the 23rd letter of the modern English and ISO basic Latin alphabets.

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WIMATS

WIMATS is an application software to transcript mathematical and scientific text input into braille script in braille presses.

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Writing system

A writing system is any conventional method of visually representing verbal communication.

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X

X (named ex, plural exes) is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Y

Y (named wye, plural wyes) is the 25th and penultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Yale romanization of Cantonese

The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958.

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Z

Z (named zed or zee "Z", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "zee", op. cit.) is the 26th and final letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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0

0 (zero) is both a number and the numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals.

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1

1 (one, also called unit, unity, and (multiplicative) identity) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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1829 braille

Louis Braille's original publication, Procedure for Writing Words, Music, and Plainsong in Dots (1829), credits Barbier's night writing as being the basis for the braille script.

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2

2 (two) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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3

3 (three) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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4

4 (four) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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5

5 (five) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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6

6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7.

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7

7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8.

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8

8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9.

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9

9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding.

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Brai (script), Braile, Braille (script), Braille Keyboard, Braille System, Braille alphabet, Braille book, Braille cell, Braille code, Braille contraction, Braille keyboard, Braille script, Braille system, Braille writer, Eight-dot braille, Eight-point braille, ISO 15924:Brai.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille

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