Faster access than browser!
276 relations: Acetate, Acetylcholine, Action potential, Action selection, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Alpha wave, Amino acid, Amnesia, Amygdala, Ancient Greek, Andrew Huxley, Anterior grey column, Antibody, Aplysia, Arachnid, Archaeology, Areni-1 cave, Armenia, Arthropod, Artificial intelligence, Attention, Autonomic nervous system, Axon, Basal ganglia, Bernard Katz, Bilateria, Binocular disparity, Biological membrane, Blood vessel, Blood–brain barrier, Bottlenose dolphin, Brain as food, Brain damage, Brain positron emission tomography, Brain Research, Brain size, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Brain–computer interface, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cambrian, Camillo Golgi, Cannabinoid, Caprylic acid, Cell–cell interaction, Cellular differentiation, Central nervous system disease, Central pattern generator, Cephalopod, Cerebellum, Cerebral cortex, ..., Cerebrospinal fluid, Cerebrum, Charles Scott Sherrington, Chemistry, Chimpanzee, Chlorpromazine, Circadian rhythm, Claude Bernard, CLOCK, Cnidaria, Cocaine, Cochlea, Cognitive science, Computational neurogenetic modeling, Computational neuroscience, Computer science, Connective tissue, Connectome, Cre-Lox recombination, Crustacean, Cybernetics, Dale's principle, David H. Hubel, Decade of the Brain, Delta wave, Dentate gyrus, Diencephalon, DNA, Dopamine, Echinoderm, Ectoderm, Electroencephalography, Encephalization quotient, Environment (biophysical), Environmental enrichment, Epilepsy, Epileptic seizure, Episodic memory, Eric Kandel, Europe, Evolution, Executive functions, Exercise, Exponentiation, Extracellular, Fatty acid, Fixation (histology), Fluoxetine, Fore people, Forebrain, Foresight (psychology), Functional imaging, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Galen, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, Ganglion, Gene, Genetic engineering, Genetics, Genomics, Glucose, Glutamic acid, Golgi's method, Grey matter, Growth cone, Gyrus, Hagfish, Head, Hebbian theory, Heptanoic acid, Hermaphrodite, Hindbrain, Hippocampus, Hippocrates, Histology, Homeostasis, Hormone, Human brain, Human Brain Project, Hypothalamus, Immortality, Immunostaining, Information theory, Infrared sensing in snakes, Invertebrate, John von Neumann, Journal of Neurophysiology, Ketone bodies, Kuru (disease), Lactic acid, Lamprey, Learning, Leech, List of neuroscience databases, Locus coeruleus, Long-term potentiation, Luigi Galvani, Magnetoencephalography, Magnetoreception, Medical imaging, Medulla oblongata, Membrane potential, Memory, Meninges, Mental disorder, Metencephalon, Midbrain, Milieu intérieur, Mind, Model organism, Mollusca, Motivation, Motor control, Motor cortex, Motor learning, Motor neuron, Motor system, Multielectrode array, Multisensory integration, Myelencephalon, Myelin, Nature versus nurture, Neanderthal, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Negative feedback, Nematode, Neocortex, Nervous system, Nervous system network models, Neural groove, Neural plate, Neural tube, Neuroanatomy, Neurogenesis, Neurogenetics, Neuroglia, Neuroimaging, Neurological disorder, Neurology, Neuron, Neurophysiology, Neuropil, Neuroplasticity, Neurotransmitter, Nicotine, Non-rapid eye movement sleep, Norepinephrine, Oculomotor nucleus, Olfaction, Olfactory bulb, Operant conditioning, Optic lobe (arthropods), Optic nerve, Optogenetics, Organ (anatomy), Outline of neuroscience, Oxford University Press, Pallium (neuroanatomy), Papua New Guinea, Pathogen, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Physiology, Pituitary gland, Pons, Power law, Prefrontal cortex, Premotor cortex, Primary motor cortex, Primate, Prion, Protoplasm, Psychiatry, Psychoactive drug, Psychology, Pyramidal cell, Pyramidal tracts, Raphe nuclei, Rapid eye movement sleep, Rat, Receptor (biochemistry), Red nucleus, Reflex, René Descartes, Reticular formation, Retina, Retinohypothalamic tract, Reward system, Rhesus macaque, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Second messenger system, Semantic memory, Sense, Sensory nervous system, Serotonin, Slow-wave sleep, Spatial memory, Squid, Staining, Stem cell, Stimulus modality, Sulcus (morphology), Superior colliculus, Supplementary motor area, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Supraesophageal ganglion, Sydney Brenner, Symmetry in biology, Synapse, Synaptic plasticity, Tanning (leather), Tardigrade, Teleost, Terje Lømo, Thalamus, The Computer and the Brain, Thermostat, Timothy Bliss, Torsten Wiesel, Toxin, Tunicate, Vertebrate, Visual perception, White matter, Working memory, Year, Zona incerta. Expand index (226 more) »
Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, metallic or nonmetallic and other base.
New!!: Brain and Acetate · See more »
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.
New!!: Brain and Acetylcholine · See more »
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.
New!!: Brain and Action potential · See more »
Action selection
Action selection is a way of characterizing the most basic problem of intelligent systems: what to do next.
New!!: Brain and Action selection · See more »
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (5 February 1914 – 20 December 1998) was an English physiologist and biophysicist, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.
New!!: Brain and Alan Lloyd Hodgkin · See more »
Alpha wave
Alpha waves are neural oscillations in the frequency range of 7.5–12.5 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent (in phase or constructive) electrical activity of thalamic pacemaker cells in humans.
New!!: Brain and Alpha wave · See more »
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
New!!: Brain and Amino acid · See more »
Amnesia
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma.
New!!: Brain and Amnesia · See more »
Amygdala
The amygdala (plural: amygdalae; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin from Greek, ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans.
New!!: Brain and Amygdala · See more »
Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
New!!: Brain and Ancient Greek · See more »
Andrew Huxley
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (22 November 191730 May 2012) was a Nobel Prize-winning English physiologist and biophysicist.
New!!: Brain and Andrew Huxley · See more »
Anterior grey column
The anterior grey column (also called the anterior cornu, anterior horn of spinal cord or ventral horn) is the front column of grey matter in the spinal cord.
New!!: Brain and Anterior grey column · See more »
Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
New!!: Brain and Antibody · See more »
Aplysia
Aplysia is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are one clade of large sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks.
New!!: Brain and Aplysia · See more »
Arachnid
Arachnids are a class (Arachnida) of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata.
New!!: Brain and Arachnid · See more »
Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
New!!: Brain and Archaeology · See more »
Areni-1 cave
The Areni-1 cave complex (Արենիի քարանձավ) a multicomponent site and late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age ritual site and settlement is located near the Areni village in southern Armenia along the Arpa River.
New!!: Brain and Areni-1 cave · See more »
Armenia
Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.
New!!: Brain and Armenia · See more »
Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
New!!: Brain and Arthropod · See more »
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.
New!!: Brain and Artificial intelligence · See more »
Attention
Attention, also referred to as enthrallment, is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether deemed subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information.
New!!: Brain and Attention · See more »
Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscle and glands, and thus influences the function of internal organs.
New!!: Brain and Autonomic nervous system · See more »
Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.
New!!: Brain and Axon · See more »
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.
New!!: Brain and Basal ganglia · See more »
Bernard Katz
Sir Bernard Katz, FRS (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003) was a German-born Australian physician and biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve physiology.
New!!: Brain and Bernard Katz · See more »
Bilateria
The Bilateria or bilaterians, or triploblasts, are animals with bilateral symmetry, i.e., they have a head (anterior) and a tail (posterior) as well as a back (dorsal) and a belly (ventral); therefore they also have a left side and a right side.
New!!: Brain and Bilateria · See more »
Binocular disparity
Binocular disparity refers to the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes’ horizontal separation (parallax).
New!!: Brain and Binocular disparity · See more »
Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating membrane that acts as a selectively permeable barrier within living things.
New!!: Brain and Biological membrane · See more »
Blood vessel
The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.
New!!: Brain and Blood vessel · See more »
Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
New!!: Brain and Blood–brain barrier · See more »
Bottlenose dolphin
Bottlenose dolphins, the genus Tursiops, are the most common members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphin.
New!!: Brain and Bottlenose dolphin · See more »
Brain as food
The brain, like most other internal organs, or offal, can serve as nourishment.
New!!: Brain and Brain as food · See more »
Brain damage
Brain damage or brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
New!!: Brain and Brain damage · See more »
Brain positron emission tomography
Brain positron emission tomography is a form of positron emission tomography (PET) that is used to measure brain metabolism and the distribution of exogenous radiolabeled chemical agents throughout the brain.
New!!: Brain and Brain positron emission tomography · See more »
Brain Research
Brain Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on several aspects of neuroscience.
New!!: Brain and Brain Research · See more »
Brain size
The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy and evolution.
New!!: Brain and Brain size · See more »
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as BDNF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene.
New!!: Brain and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor · See more »
Brain–computer interface
A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a neural-control interface (NCI), mind-machine interface (MMI), direct neural interface (DNI), or brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between an enhanced or wired brain and an external device.
New!!: Brain and Brain–computer interface · See more »
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living (not parasitic), transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments.
New!!: Brain and Caenorhabditis elegans · See more »
Cambrian
The Cambrian Period was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon.
New!!: Brain and Cambrian · See more »
Camillo Golgi
Camillo Golgi (7 July 1843 – 21 January 1926) was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Camillo Golgi · See more »
Cannabinoid
A cannabinoid is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain.
New!!: Brain and Cannabinoid · See more »
Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon saturated fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid.
New!!: Brain and Caprylic acid · See more »
Cell–cell interaction
Cell–cell interaction refers to the direct interactions between cell surfaces that play a crucial role in the development and function of multicellular organisms.
New!!: Brain and Cell–cell interaction · See more »
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
New!!: Brain and Cellular differentiation · See more »
Central nervous system disease
Central nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS).
New!!: Brain and Central nervous system disease · See more »
Central pattern generator
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are biological neural circuits that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input.
New!!: Brain and Central pattern generator · See more »
Cephalopod
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδα, kephalópoda; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus or nautilus.
New!!: Brain and Cephalopod · See more »
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.
New!!: Brain and Cerebellum · See more »
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.
New!!: Brain and Cerebral cortex · See more »
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
New!!: Brain and Cerebrospinal fluid · See more »
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.
New!!: Brain and Cerebrum · See more »
Charles Scott Sherrington
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was an English neurophysiologist, histologist, bacteriologist, and a pathologist, Nobel laureate and president of the Royal Society in the early 1920s.
New!!: Brain and Charles Scott Sherrington · See more »
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
New!!: Brain and Chemistry · See more »
Chimpanzee
The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
New!!: Brain and Chimpanzee · See more »
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the trade names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
New!!: Brain and Chlorpromazine · See more »
Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
New!!: Brain and Circadian rhythm · See more »
Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist.
New!!: Brain and Claude Bernard · See more »
CLOCK
Clock (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) is a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor (CLOCK) that is believed to affect both the persistence and period of circadian rhythms.
New!!: Brain and CLOCK · See more »
Cnidaria
Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments: they are predominantly marine species.
New!!: Brain and Cnidaria · See more »
Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
New!!: Brain and Cocaine · See more »
Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing.
New!!: Brain and Cochlea · See more »
Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.
New!!: Brain and Cognitive science · See more »
Computational neurogenetic modeling
Computational neurogenetic modeling (CNGM) is concerned with the study and development of dynamic neuronal models for modeling brain functions with respect to genes and dynamic interactions between genes.
New!!: Brain and Computational neurogenetic modeling · See more »
Computational neuroscience
Computational neuroscience (also known as theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematical models, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Computational neuroscience · See more »
Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.
New!!: Brain and Computer science · See more »
Connective tissue
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
New!!: Brain and Connective tissue · See more »
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its "wiring diagram".
New!!: Brain and Connectome · See more »
Cre-Lox recombination
Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology, used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites in the DNA of cells.
New!!: Brain and Cre-Lox recombination · See more »
Crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.
New!!: Brain and Crustacean · See more »
Cybernetics
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities.
New!!: Brain and Cybernetics · See more »
Dale's principle
In neuroscience, Dale's principle (or Dale's law) is a rule attributed to the English neuroscientist Henry Hallett Dale.
New!!: Brain and Dale's principle · See more »
David H. Hubel
David Hunter Hubel (February 27, 1926 – September 22, 2013) was a Canadian neurophysiologist noted for his studies of the structure and function of the visual cortex.
New!!: Brain and David H. Hubel · See more »
Decade of the Brain
The Decade of the Brain was a designation for 1990–1999 by U.S. president George H. W. Bush as part of a larger effort involving the Library of Congress and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health "to enhance public awareness of the benefits to be derived from brain research".
New!!: Brain and Decade of the Brain · See more »
Delta wave
A delta wave is a high amplitude brain wave with a frequency of oscillation between 0.5–4 hertz.
New!!: Brain and Delta wave · See more »
Dentate gyrus
The dentate gyrus is part of a brain region known as the hippocampus (part of the hippocampal formation).
New!!: Brain and Dentate gyrus · See more »
Diencephalon
The diencephalon is a division of the forebrain (embryonic prosencephalon), and is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic mesencephalon).
New!!: Brain and Diencephalon · See more »
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
New!!: Brain and DNA · See more »
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
New!!: Brain and Dopamine · See more »
Echinoderm
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals.
New!!: Brain and Echinoderm · See more »
Ectoderm
Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
New!!: Brain and Ectoderm · See more »
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain.
New!!: Brain and Electroencephalography · See more »
Encephalization quotient
Encephalization quotient (EQ) or encephalization level is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between actual brain mass and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, which may approximate intelligence level or cognition of the species.
New!!: Brain and Encephalization quotient · See more »
Environment (biophysical)
A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution.
New!!: Brain and Environment (biophysical) · See more »
Environmental enrichment
Environmental enrichment is the stimulation of the brain by its physical and social surroundings.
New!!: Brain and Environmental enrichment · See more »
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.
New!!: Brain and Epilepsy · See more »
Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
New!!: Brain and Epileptic seizure · See more »
Episodic memory
Episodic memory is the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated or conjured.
New!!: Brain and Episodic memory · See more »
Eric Kandel
Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929) is an Austrian-American neuroscientist and a University Professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University.
New!!: Brain and Eric Kandel · See more »
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
New!!: Brain and Europe · See more »
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
New!!: Brain and Evolution · See more »
Executive functions
Executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior: selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals.
New!!: Brain and Executive functions · See more »
Exercise
Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
New!!: Brain and Exercise · See more »
Exponentiation
Exponentiation is a mathematical operation, written as, involving two numbers, the base and the exponent.
New!!: Brain and Exponentiation · See more »
Extracellular
In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means "outside the cell".
New!!: Brain and Extracellular · See more »
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
New!!: Brain and Fatty acid · See more »
Fixation (histology)
In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.
New!!: Brain and Fixation (histology) · See more »
Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
New!!: Brain and Fluoxetine · See more »
Fore people
The Fore people live in the Okapa District of the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
New!!: Brain and Fore people · See more »
Forebrain
In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain.
New!!: Brain and Forebrain · See more »
Foresight (psychology)
Foresight is the ability to predict, or the action of predicting, what will happen or what is needed in the future.
New!!: Brain and Foresight (psychology) · See more »
Functional imaging
Functional imaging (or physiological imaging), is a medical imaging technique of detecting or measuring changes in metabolism, blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
New!!: Brain and Functional imaging · See more »
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
New!!: Brain and Functional magnetic resonance imaging · See more »
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 AD – /), often Anglicized as Galen and better known as Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire.
New!!: Brain and Galen · See more »
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Gamma-Aminobutyric acid · See more »
Ganglion
A ganglion is a nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system and sensory system.
New!!: Brain and Ganglion · See more »
Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
New!!: Brain and Gene · See more »
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.
New!!: Brain and Genetic engineering · See more »
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
New!!: Brain and Genetics · See more »
Genomics
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of science focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.
New!!: Brain and Genomics · See more »
Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
New!!: Brain and Glucose · See more »
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
New!!: Brain and Glutamic acid · See more »
Golgi's method
Golgi's method is a silver staining technique that is used to visualize nervous tissue under light microscopy.
New!!: Brain and Golgi's method · See more »
Grey matter
Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.
New!!: Brain and Grey matter · See more »
Growth cone
A growth cone is a big actin-supported extension of a developing or regenerating neurite seeking its synaptic target.
New!!: Brain and Growth cone · See more »
Gyrus
In neuroanatomy, a gyrus (pl. gyri) is a ridge on the cerebral cortex.
New!!: Brain and Gyrus · See more »
Hagfish
Hagfish, the class '''Myxini''' (also known as Hyperotreti), are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish (occasionally called slime eels).
New!!: Brain and Hagfish · See more »
Head
A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste, respectively.
New!!: Brain and Head · See more »
Hebbian theory
In neuroscience, Hebbian theory is a theory that proposes an explanation for the adaptation of neurons in the brain during the learning process.
New!!: Brain and Hebbian theory · See more »
Heptanoic acid
Heptanoic acid, also called enanthic acid, is an organic compound composed of a seven-carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid.
New!!: Brain and Heptanoic acid · See more »
Hermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes.
New!!: Brain and Hermaphrodite · See more »
Hindbrain
The hindbrain or rhombencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates.
New!!: Brain and Hindbrain · See more »
Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
New!!: Brain and Hippocampus · See more »
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
New!!: Brain and Hippocrates · See more »
Histology
Histology, also microanatomy, is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals using microscopy.
New!!: Brain and Histology · See more »
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
New!!: Brain and Homeostasis · See more »
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
New!!: Brain and Hormone · See more »
Human brain
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Human brain · See more »
Human Brain Project
The Human Brain Project (HBP) is a large ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers, that aims to build a collaborative ICT-based scientific research infrastructure to allow researchers across Europe to advance knowledge in the fields of neuroscience, computing, and brain-related medicine.
New!!: Brain and Human Brain Project · See more »
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
New!!: Brain and Hypothalamus · See more »
Immortality
Immortality is eternal life, being exempt from death, unending existence.
New!!: Brain and Immortality · See more »
Immunostaining
In biochemistry, immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample.
New!!: Brain and Immunostaining · See more »
Information theory
Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information.
New!!: Brain and Information theory · See more »
Infrared sensing in snakes
The ability to sense infrared thermal radiation evolved independently in several different families of snakes.
New!!: Brain and Infrared sensing in snakes · See more »
Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
New!!: Brain and Invertebrate · See more »
John von Neumann
John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos,; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath.
New!!: Brain and John von Neumann · See more »
Journal of Neurophysiology
The Journal of Neurophysiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1938.
New!!: Brain and Journal of Neurophysiology · See more »
Ketone bodies
Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and their spontaneous breakdown product, acetone) containing the ketone group that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, alcoholism or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus.
New!!: Brain and Ketone bodies · See more »
Kuru (disease)
Kuru is a very rare, incurable neurodegenerative disorder that was formerly common among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea.
New!!: Brain and Kuru (disease) · See more »
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
New!!: Brain and Lactic acid · See more »
Lamprey
Lampreys (sometimes also called, inaccurately, lamprey eels) are an ancient lineage of jawless fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, placed in the superclass Cyclostomata.
New!!: Brain and Lamprey · See more »
Learning
Learning is the process of acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.
New!!: Brain and Learning · See more »
Leech
Leeches are segmented parasitic or predatory worm-like animals that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea.
New!!: Brain and Leech · See more »
List of neuroscience databases
A number of online neuroscience databases are available which provide information regarding gene expression, neurons, macroscopic brain structure, and neurological or psychiatric disorders.
New!!: Brain and List of neuroscience databases · See more »
Locus coeruleus
The locus coeruleus (\-si-ˈrü-lē-əs\, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus) is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic.
New!!: Brain and Locus coeruleus · See more »
Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity.
New!!: Brain and Long-term potentiation · See more »
Luigi Galvani
Luigi Aloisio Galvani (Aloysius Galvanus; 9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798) was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher, who discovered animal electricity.
New!!: Brain and Luigi Galvani · See more »
Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.
New!!: Brain and Magnetoencephalography · See more »
Magnetoreception
Magnetoreception (also magnetoception) is a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location.
New!!: Brain and Magnetoreception · See more »
Medical imaging
Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).
New!!: Brain and Medical imaging · See more »
Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is located in the brainstem, anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum.
New!!: Brain and Medulla oblongata · See more »
Membrane potential
The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.
New!!: Brain and Membrane potential · See more »
Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
New!!: Brain and Memory · See more »
Meninges
The meninges (singular: meninx, from membrane, adjectival: meningeal) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.
New!!: Brain and Meninges · See more »
Mental disorder
A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.
New!!: Brain and Mental disorder · See more »
Metencephalon
The metencephalon is the embryonic part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum.
New!!: Brain and Metencephalon · See more »
Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon (from Greek mesos 'middle', and enkephalos 'brain') is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.
New!!: Brain and Midbrain · See more »
Milieu intérieur
Milieu intérieur or interior milieu, from the French, milieu intérieur (the internal environment), is a phrase coined by Claude Bernard to refer to the extra-cellular fluid environment, more particularly the interstitial fluid, and its physiological capacity to ensure protective stability for the tissues and organs of multicellular organism.
New!!: Brain and Milieu intérieur · See more »
Mind
The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory.
New!!: Brain and Mind · See more »
Model organism
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
New!!: Brain and Model organism · See more »
Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
New!!: Brain and Mollusca · See more »
Motivation
Motivation is the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs.
New!!: Brain and Motivation · See more »
Motor control
Motor control is the systematic regulation of movement in organisms that possess a nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Motor control · See more »
Motor cortex
The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.
New!!: Brain and Motor cortex · See more »
Motor learning
Motor learning is a change, resulting from practice or a novel experience, in the capability for responding.
New!!: Brain and Motor learning · See more »
Motor neuron
A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands.
New!!: Brain and Motor neuron · See more »
Motor system
The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement.
New!!: Brain and Motor system · See more »
Multielectrode array
| --> Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) or microelectrode arrays are devices that contain multiple plates or shanks through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry.
New!!: Brain and Multielectrode array · See more »
Multisensory integration
Multisensory integration, also known as multimodal integration, is the study of how information from the different sensory modalities, such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion and taste, may be integrated by the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Multisensory integration · See more »
Myelencephalon
The myelencephalon or afterbrain is the most posterior region of the embryonic hindbrain, from which the medulla oblongata develops.
New!!: Brain and Myelencephalon · See more »
Myelin
Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.
New!!: Brain and Myelin · See more »
Nature versus nurture
The nature versus nurture debate involves whether human behaviour is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.
New!!: Brain and Nature versus nurture · See more »
Neanderthal
Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago.
New!!: Brain and Neanderthal · See more »
Near-infrared spectroscopy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm).
New!!: Brain and Near-infrared spectroscopy · See more »
Negative feedback
Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.
New!!: Brain and Negative feedback · See more »
Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).
New!!: Brain and Nematode · See more »
Neocortex
The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
New!!: Brain and Neocortex · See more »
Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
New!!: Brain and Nervous system · See more »
Nervous system network models
Network of human nervous system comprises nodes (for example, neurons) that are connected by links (for example, synapses).
New!!: Brain and Nervous system network models · See more »
Neural groove
The neural groove is a shallow median groove of the neural plate between the neural folds of an embryo.
New!!: Brain and Neural groove · See more »
Neural plate
The neural plate is a key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neural plate · See more »
Neural tube
In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
New!!: Brain and Neural tube · See more »
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neuroanatomy · See more »
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, known as neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSC)s, and it occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans.
New!!: Brain and Neurogenesis · See more »
Neurogenetics
Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neurogenetics · See more »
Neuroglia
Neuroglia, also called glial cells or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neuroglia · See more »
Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neuroimaging · See more »
Neurological disorder
A neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neurological disorder · See more »
Neurology
Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neurology · See more »
Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
New!!: Brain and Neuron · See more »
Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology (from Greek νεῦρον, neuron, "nerve"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia, "knowledge") is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Neurophysiology · See more »
Neuropil
Neuropil (or "neuropile") is any area in the nervous system composed of mostly unmyelinated axons, dendrites and glial cell processes that forms a synaptically dense region containing a relatively low number of cell bodies.
New!!: Brain and Neuropil · See more »
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity and neural plasticity, is the ability of the brain to change throughout an individual's life, e.g., brain activity associated with a given function can be transferred to a different location, the proportion of grey matter can change, and synapses may strengthen or weaken over time.
New!!: Brain and Neuroplasticity · See more »
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
New!!: Brain and Neurotransmitter · See more »
Nicotine
Nicotine is a potent parasympathomimetic stimulant and an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants.
New!!: Brain and Nicotine · See more »
Non-rapid eye movement sleep
Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) is, collectively, sleep stages 1–3, previously known as stages 1–4.
New!!: Brain and Non-rapid eye movement sleep · See more »
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
New!!: Brain and Norepinephrine · See more »
Oculomotor nucleus
The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle.
New!!: Brain and Oculomotor nucleus · See more »
Olfaction
Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.
New!!: Brain and Olfaction · See more »
Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.
New!!: Brain and Olfactory bulb · See more »
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning (also called "instrumental conditioning") is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
New!!: Brain and Operant conditioning · See more »
Optic lobe (arthropods)
The optic(al) lobe of arthropods is a structure of the protocerebrum that sits behind the arthropod eye (mostly compound eyes) and is responsible for the processing of the visual information.
New!!: Brain and Optic lobe (arthropods) · See more »
Optic nerve
The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
New!!: Brain and Optic nerve · See more »
Optogenetics
Optogenetics is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels.
New!!: Brain and Optogenetics · See more »
Organ (anatomy)
Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.
New!!: Brain and Organ (anatomy) · See more »
Outline of neuroscience
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to neuroscience: Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Outline of neuroscience · See more »
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
New!!: Brain and Oxford University Press · See more »
Pallium (neuroanatomy)
In neuroanatomy, pallium refers to the layers of grey and white matter that cover the upper surface of the cerebrum in vertebrates.
New!!: Brain and Pallium (neuroanatomy) · See more »
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (PNG;,; Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia.
New!!: Brain and Papua New Guinea · See more »
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
New!!: Brain and Pathogen · See more »
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
New!!: Brain and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B · See more »
Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
New!!: Brain and Physiology · See more »
Pituitary gland
An explanation of the development of the pituitary gland (Hypophysis cerebri) & the congenital anomalies. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.
New!!: Brain and Pituitary gland · See more »
Pons
The pons (Latin for "bridge") is part of the brainstem, and in humans and other bipeds lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.
New!!: Brain and Pons · See more »
Power law
In statistics, a power law is a functional relationship between two quantities, where a relative change in one quantity results in a proportional relative change in the other quantity, independent of the initial size of those quantities: one quantity varies as a power of another.
New!!: Brain and Power law · See more »
Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe.
New!!: Brain and Prefrontal cortex · See more »
Premotor cortex
The premotor cortex is an area of motor cortex lying within the frontal lobe of the brain just anterior to the primary motor cortex.
New!!: Brain and Premotor cortex · See more »
Primary motor cortex
The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe.
New!!: Brain and Primary motor cortex · See more »
Primate
A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").
New!!: Brain and Primate · See more »
Prion
Prions are misfolded proteins that are associated with several fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans.
New!!: Brain and Prion · See more »
Protoplasm
Protoplasm is the living content of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane.
New!!: Brain and Protoplasm · See more »
Psychiatry
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mental disorders.
New!!: Brain and Psychiatry · See more »
Psychoactive drug
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.
New!!: Brain and Psychoactive drug · See more »
Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.
New!!: Brain and Psychology · See more »
Pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cells, or (pyramidal neurons), are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.
New!!: Brain and Pyramidal cell · See more »
Pyramidal tracts
The pyramidal tracts include both the corticobulbar tract and the corticospinal tract.
New!!: Brain and Pyramidal tracts · See more »
Raphe nuclei
The raphe nuclei (ῥαφή "seam"Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.) are a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem.
New!!: Brain and Raphe nuclei · See more »
Rapid eye movement sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.
New!!: Brain and Rapid eye movement sleep · See more »
Rat
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.
New!!: Brain and Rat · See more »
Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.
New!!: Brain and Receptor (biochemistry) · See more »
Red nucleus
The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination.
New!!: Brain and Red nucleus · See more »
Reflex
A reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
New!!: Brain and Reflex · See more »
René Descartes
René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
New!!: Brain and René Descartes · See more »
Reticular formation
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem.
New!!: Brain and Reticular formation · See more »
Retina
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
New!!: Brain and Retina · See more »
Retinohypothalamic tract
The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is a photic neural input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms of mammals.
New!!: Brain and Retinohypothalamic tract · See more »
Reward system
The reward system is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., motivation and "wanting", desire, or craving for a reward), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positive emotions, particularly ones which involve pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
New!!: Brain and Reward system · See more »
Rhesus macaque
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the best-known species of Old World monkeys.
New!!: Brain and Rhesus macaque · See more »
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanish neuroscientist and pathologist, specializing in neuroanatomy, particularly the histology of the central nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Santiago Ramón y Cajal · See more »
Second messenger system
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
New!!: Brain and Second messenger system · See more »
Semantic memory
Semantic memory is one of the two types of declarative or explicit memory (our memory of facts or events that is explicitly stored and retrieved).
New!!: Brain and Semantic memory · See more »
Sense
A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.
New!!: Brain and Sense · See more »
Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
New!!: Brain and Sensory nervous system · See more »
Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
New!!: Brain and Serotonin · See more »
Slow-wave sleep
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, consists of stage three (combined stages 3 and 4) of non-rapid eye movement sleep.
New!!: Brain and Slow-wave sleep · See more »
Spatial memory
In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is that part of the memory responsible for the recording of information about one's environment and spatial orientation.
New!!: Brain and Spatial memory · See more »
Squid
Squid are cephalopods of the two orders Myopsida and Oegopsida, which were formerly regarded as two suborders of the order Teuthida, however recent research shows Teuthida to be paraphyletic.
New!!: Brain and Squid · See more »
Staining
Staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image.
New!!: Brain and Staining · See more »
Stem cell
Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.
New!!: Brain and Stem cell · See more »
Stimulus modality
Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what we perceive after a stimulus.
New!!: Brain and Stimulus modality · See more »
Sulcus (morphology)
The term sulcus (pl. sulci) is a general descriptive term for a furrow or fissure.
New!!: Brain and Sulcus (morphology) · See more »
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain.
New!!: Brain and Superior colliculus · See more »
Supplementary motor area
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the primate cerebral cortex that contributes to the control of movement.
New!!: Brain and Supplementary motor area · See more »
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a tiny region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm.
New!!: Brain and Suprachiasmatic nucleus · See more »
Supraesophageal ganglion
The supraesophageal ganglion ("arthropod brain" or "a. microbrain") is the first part of the arthropod and especially insect central nervous system.
New!!: Brain and Supraesophageal ganglion · See more »
Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner (born 13 January 1927) is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with Bob Horvitz and John Sulston.
New!!: Brain and Sydney Brenner · See more »
Symmetry in biology
Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes within the body of an organism.
New!!: Brain and Symmetry in biology · See more »
Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
New!!: Brain and Synapse · See more »
Synaptic plasticity
In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.
New!!: Brain and Synaptic plasticity · See more »
Tanning (leather)
Tanned leather in Marrakesh Tanning is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather.
New!!: Brain and Tanning (leather) · See more »
Tardigrade
Tardigrades (also known colloquially as water bears, or moss piglets) are water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals.
New!!: Brain and Tardigrade · See more »
Teleost
The teleosts or Teleostei (Greek: teleios, "complete" + osteon, "bone") are by far the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and make up 96% of all extant species of fish.
New!!: Brain and Teleost · See more »
Terje Lømo
Terje Lømo (born 3 January 1935) is a Norwegian physiologist who specialized in neuroscience.
New!!: Brain and Terje Lømo · See more »
Thalamus
The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is the large mass of gray matter in the dorsal part of the diencephalon of the brain with several functions such as relaying of sensory signals, including motor signals, to the cerebral cortex, and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
New!!: Brain and Thalamus · See more »
The Computer and the Brain
The Computer and the Brain is an unfinished book by mathematician John von Neumann, begun shortly before his death and first published in 1958.
New!!: Brain and The Computer and the Brain · See more »
Thermostat
A thermostat is a component which senses the temperature of a physical system and performs actions so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint.
New!!: Brain and Thermostat · See more »
Timothy Bliss
Timothy Vivian Pelham Bliss FRS (born 27 July 1940) is a British neuroscientist.
New!!: Brain and Timothy Bliss · See more »
Torsten Wiesel
Torsten Nils Wiesel (born 3 June 1924) is a Swedish neurophysiologist.
New!!: Brain and Torsten Wiesel · See more »
Toxin
A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.
New!!: Brain and Toxin · See more »
Tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.
New!!: Brain and Tunicate · See more »
Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
New!!: Brain and Vertebrate · See more »
Visual perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.
New!!: Brain and Visual perception · See more »
White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.
New!!: Brain and White matter · See more »
Working memory
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing.
New!!: Brain and Working memory · See more »
Year
A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.
New!!: Brain and Year · See more »
Zona incerta
The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter in the subthalamus below the thalamus.
New!!: Brain and Zona incerta · See more »
Redirects here:
Brain Function, Brain function, Brain functions, Brain impairment, Brain marrow, Brain metabolism, Brains, Brainy, Encephalon, Mammalian brain, Mind Myths, Mind myths, The Brain, The brain, Vertebrate brain, Visual verbal ability, 🧠.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain
