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Breton language

Index Breton language

Breton (brezhoneg or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Brittany. [1]

202 relations: Al Jazeera, Al Liamm, Alan Stivell, Alveolar consonant, Approximant consonant, Armorica, Armoricani, Asterix, Île de Sein, Île-de-France, Back vowel, Bagad, Batz-sur-Mer, Baud, Morbihan, Belle Île, Bertrand Barère, Bourgeoisie, Brest, France, Breton literature, Breton Wikipedia, Bretons, Brittany, Brittany (administrative region), Brittonic languages, Bro Gwened, Bulat-Pestivien, Catholicon (trilingual dictionary), Cavan, Côtes-d'Armor, Côtes-d'Armor, Celtic Britons, Celtic languages, Central consonant, Chouchen, Circumflex, Cléguérec, Close vowel, Close-mid vowel, Columbo, Commana, Committee of Public Safety, Consonant mutation, Constitution of France, Constitutional Council (France), Continuous and progressive aspects, Cornish language, Cornouaille, Cumbric, Dental consonant, Diacritic, Diaeresis (diacritic), ..., Dialect continuum, Digraph (orthography), Diwan (school), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Duchy of Brittany, Early Middle Ages, Endangered language, English language, Equinox Publishing (Sheffield), European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Fañch Broudig, Facebook, Fest Noz, Finistère, Firefox, François Falc'hun, France, French Fifth Republic, French Fourth Republic, French language, French Revolution, French Third Republic, Fricative consonant, Front vowel, Gaelic revival, Galicia (Spain), Gallo language, Gaul, Gaulish language, Gender and Language, Glenmor, Glottal consonant, Goidelic languages, Google, Grammatical aspect, Grapheme, Grave accent, Great Britain, Guégon, Guérande, Gwalarn, Hägar the Horrible, Huelgoat, Ille-et-Vilaine, Inflected preposition, Insular Celtic languages, Internationalization and localization, Irish language, Jean-François Le Gonidec, Jean-Yves Le Drian, Julian Maunoir, Kouign-amann, La Roche-Bernard, Labial consonant, Lancelot du Lac (film), Language immersion, Languages of France, Langues d'oïl, Lannilis, Lateral consonant, Latin, Latin script, Lenition, List of Celtic-language media, Loire-Atlantique, Lorient, Lower Brittany, Manx language, Mead, Melrand, Microsoft, Minority language, Monarchy, Monolingualism, Morbihan, Nantes, Nasal consonant, Nasalization, Noyal-Pontivy, Oaths of Strasbourg, Obstruent, Official language, Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg, Open vowel, Open-mid vowel, Pabu, Palatal consonant, Patois, Pays de la Loire, Pêr-Jakez Helias, Peanuts, Perry Mason (TV series), Philosophy, Plouha, Plounévez-Moëdec, Pluméliau, Pluvigner, Pontivy, Postalveolar consonant, Quimper, Radio Kerne, Reactionary, Red Book of Endangered Languages, Regional Council of Brittany, Regional language, Rennes, Rennes Metro, Romance languages, Roparz Hemon, Rostrenen, Saint-Allouestre, Saint-Barthélemy, Morbihan, Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Herblain, Saint-Malo, Saint-Nazaire, Saint-Rivoal, Sandhi, Santa Barbara, California, Sauzon, Scottish Gaelic, Secondary education in France, Senate (France), Shakespeare in Love, Southwestern Brittonic languages, Spilhennig, SPIP, Spirou et Fantasio, Stop consonant, Stourm ar Brezhoneg, The Adventures of Tintin, Tilde, Titeuf, Toubon Law, Trégor, Trégorrois Breton dialect, Trill consonant, Uvular consonant, Vannes, Velar consonant, Viscounty of Léon, Voice (phonetics), Voicelessness, Vowel length, Welsh language, Western Brittonic languages, William Calin, Xavier de Langlais, Ya d'ar brezhoneg, Yakari, Yann-Ber Kalloc'h, Youenn Gwernig. Expand index (152 more) »

Al Jazeera

Al Jazeera (translit,, literally "The Island", though referring to the Arabian Peninsula in context), also known as JSC (Jazeera Satellite Channel), is a state-funded broadcaster in Doha, Qatar, owned by the Al Jazeera Media Network.

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Al Liamm

Al Liamm (Breton language for The Link) is a bimonthly magazine of culture and literature in the Breton language.

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Alan Stivell

Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou on 6 January 1944) is a Breton and Celtic musician and singer, recording artist, and master of the Celtic harp.

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Alveolar consonant

Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth.

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Approximant consonant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

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Armorica

Armorica or Aremorica is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast.

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Armoricani

The Armoricani were a tribe living in the area now called Brittany and all along the coast up to Dieppe in Normandy.

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Asterix

Asterix or The Adventures of Asterix (Astérix or Astérix le Gaulois) is a series of French comics.

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Île de Sein

The Île de Sein is a French island in the Atlantic Ocean, off Finistère, eight kilometres from the Pointe du Raz (raz meaning "water current"), from which it is separated by the Raz de Sein.

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Île-de-France

Île-de-France ("Island of France"), also known as the région parisienne ("Parisian Region"), is one of the 18 regions of France and includes the city of Paris.

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Back vowel

A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.

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Bagad

A bagad is a Breton band, composed of bagpipes (Breton: binioù, French: cornemuse), bombards and drums (including snare, tenor and bass drums).

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Batz-sur-Mer

Batz-sur-Mer (Breton: Bourc'h-Baz) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

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Baud, Morbihan

Baud (Baod in Breton) is a commune in the Morbihan département in Brittany in northwestern France.

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Belle Île

Belle-Île, Belle-Île-en-Mer, or Belle Isle (ar Gerveur in Modern Breton; Guedel in Old Breton) is a French island off the coast of Brittany in the département of Morbihan, and the largest of Brittany's islands.

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Bertrand Barère

Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (10 September 175513 January 1841) was a French politician, freemason, journalist, and one of the most prominent members of the National Convention during the French Revolution.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.

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Brest, France

Brest is a city in the Finistère département in Brittany.

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Breton literature

Breton literature may refer to literature in the Breton language (Brezhoneg) or the broader literary tradition of Brittany in the three other main languages of the area, namely, Latin, Gallo and French – all of which have had strong mutual linguistic and cultural influences.

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Breton Wikipedia

The Breton Wikipedia () is the Breton language version of Wikipedia, run by the Wikimedia Foundation.

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Bretons

The Bretons (Bretoned) are a Celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Brittany (administrative region)

Brittany (Breizh, Bretagne) is one of the 18 regions of France.

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Brittonic languages

The Brittonic, Brythonic or British Celtic languages (ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

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Bro Gwened

Gwened, Bro-Gwened (Standard Bro-Wened) or Vannetais (Pays Vannetais) is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France.

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Bulat-Pestivien

Bulat-Pestivien is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Catholicon (trilingual dictionary)

Catholicon (from Greek Καθολικόν, meaning "universal") is a 15th-century Breton-French-Latin dictionary.

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Cavan, Côtes-d'Armor

Cavan is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Côtes-d'Armor

Côtes-d'Armor (Aodoù-an-Arvor), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord, is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France.

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Celtic Britons

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from the British Iron Age into the Middle Ages, at which point their culture and language diverged into the modern Welsh, Cornish and Bretons (among others).

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Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.

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Central consonant

A central consonant, also known as a median consonant, is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.

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Chouchen

Chouchen (Breton: chouchenn) is an alcoholic beverage popular in Brittany in France.

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Circumflex

The circumflex is a diacritic in the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts that is used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes.

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Cléguérec

Cléguérec (Klegereg in Breton) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Close vowel

A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in American terminology), is any in a class of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.

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Close-mid vowel

A close-mid vowel (also mid-close vowel, high-mid vowel, mid-high vowel or half-close vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

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Columbo

Columbo is an American television series starring Peter Falk as Columbo, a homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department.

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Commana

Commana is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Committee of Public Safety

The Committee of Public Safety (Comité de salut public)—created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793—formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793–94), a stage of the French Revolution.

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Consonant mutation

Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.

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Constitution of France

The current Constitution of France was adopted on 4 October 1958.

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Constitutional Council (France)

The Constitutional Council (Conseil constitutionnel) is the highest constitutional authority in France.

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Continuous and progressive aspects

The continuous and progressive aspects (abbreviated and) are grammatical aspects that express incomplete action ("to do") or state ("to be") in progress at a specific time: they are non-habitual, imperfective aspects.

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Cornish language

Cornish (Kernowek) is a revived language that became extinct as a first language in the late 18th century.

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Cornouaille

Cornouaille (Kernev or Kerne) is a historic region of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Cumbric

Cumbric was a variety of the Common Brittonic language spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North" in what is now Northern England and southern Lowland Scotland.

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Dental consonant

A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.

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Diacritic

A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or an accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph.

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Diaeresis (diacritic)

The diaeresis (plural: diaereses), also spelled diæresis or dieresis and also known as the tréma (also: trema) or the umlaut, is a diacritical mark that consists of two dots placed over a letter, usually a vowel.

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Dialect continuum

A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a spread of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighbouring varieties differ only slightly, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties are not mutually intelligible.

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Digraph (orthography)

A digraph or digram (from the δίς dís, "double" and γράφω gráphō, "to write") is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.

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Diwan (school)

Diwan (pronounced; "seed" in Breton) is a federation of Breton-medium schools in Brittany.

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Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS) (Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath) was established in 1940 by the then Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera under the Institute for Advanced Studies Act, 1940 in Dublin, Ireland.

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Duchy of Brittany

The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Breizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939 and 1547.

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Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history.

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Endangered language

An endangered language, or moribund language, is a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Equinox Publishing (Sheffield)

Equinox Publishing Ltd is an independent academic publisher founded in 2003 by Janet Joyce and based in Sheffield.

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European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.

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Fañch Broudig

Fañch Broudig or François Broudic (born 1946 in Buhulien) is a Breton journalist and Breton- and French-language writer.

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Facebook

Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.

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Fest Noz

A Fest Noz (Breton for night festival) is a Breton traditional festival, with dancing in groups and live musicians playing acoustic instruments.

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Finistère

Finistère (Penn-ar-Bed) is a department of France in the extreme west of Brittany.

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Firefox

Mozilla Firefox (or simply Firefox) is a free and open-source web browser developed by Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, Mozilla Corporation.

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François Falc'hun

François Falc'hun (20 April 1901 – 13 January 1991) was a controversial French linguist known for his theories about the origin of the Breton language.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French Fifth Republic

The Fifth Republic, France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.

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French Fourth Republic

The French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War until 1940 when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.

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Fricative consonant

Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

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Front vowel

A front vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively in front in the mouth without creating a constriction that would make it a consonant.

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Gaelic revival

The Gaelic revival (Athbheochan na Gaeilge) was the late-nineteenth-century national revival of interest in the Irish language (also known as Gaelic) and Irish Gaelic culture (including folklore, sports, music, arts, etc.). Irish had diminished as a spoken tongue, remaining the main daily language only in isolated rural areas, with English having become the dominant language in the majority of Ireland.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galician: Galicia, Galiza; Galicia; Galiza) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Gallo language

Gallo is a regional language of France.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gaulish language

Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Europe as late as the Roman Empire.

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Gender and Language

Gender and Language is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on and debates about feminist research on gender and language.

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Glenmor

Glenmor was the stage name of Emile Le Scanf (1931–1996), a Breton protest singer who sought to preserve the Breton language and adapt local traditions of folk singing to the radical culture of the 1960s and 70s.

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Glottal consonant

Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.

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Goidelic languages

The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Grammatical aspect

Aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how an action, event, or state, denoted by a verb, extends over time.

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Grapheme

In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest unit of a writing system of any given language.

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Grave accent

The grave accent (`) is a diacritical mark in many written languages, including Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch, Emilian-Romagnol, French, West Frisian, Greek (until 1982; see polytonic orthography), Haitian Creole, Italian, Mohawk, Occitan, Portuguese, Ligurian, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, Welsh, Romansh, and Yoruba.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Guégon

Guégon is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Guérande

Guérande (Gwenrann) is a medieval town located in the ''département'' of Loire-Atlantique in western France.

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Gwalarn

Gwalarn ("Northwesterly") was a Breton language literary journal.

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Hägar the Horrible

Hägar the Horrible is the title and main character of an American comic strip created by cartoonist Dik Browne, and syndicated by King Features Syndicate.

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Huelgoat

Huelgoat (meaning "High Forest") is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Ille-et-Vilaine

Ille-et-Vilaine (Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country.

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Inflected preposition

In linguistics, an inflected preposition is a type of word that occurs in some languages, that corresponds to the combination of a preposition and a personal pronoun.

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Insular Celtic languages

Insular Celtic languages are a group of Celtic languages that originated in Britain and Ireland, in contrast to the Continental Celtic languages of mainland Europe and Anatolia.

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Internationalization and localization

In computing, internationalization and localization are means of adapting computer software to different languages, regional differences and technical requirements of a target locale.

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Irish language

The Irish language (Gaeilge), also referred to as the Gaelic or the Irish Gaelic language, is a Goidelic language (Gaelic) of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.

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Jean-François Le Gonidec

Jean François Marie Le Gonidec de Kerdaniel (Breton: Yann-Frañsez ar Gonideg) (4 September 1775 -–12 October 1838) was a Breton grammarian who codified the Breton language.

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Jean-Yves Le Drian

Jean-Yves Le Drian (born 30 June 1947) is a French politician of the Socialist Party serving as Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs since 2017.

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Julian Maunoir

Julien Maunoir (1 October 1606 – 28 January 1683) (also Julian; Juluan Maner), was a French-born Jesuit priest known as the "Apostle of Brittany".

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Kouign-amann

Kouign-amann (kouignoù-amann) is a Breton cake.

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La Roche-Bernard

La Roche-Bernard is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Labial consonant

Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.

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Lancelot du Lac (film)

Lancelot du Lac is a 1974 French fantasy drama film written and directed by Robert Bresson.

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Language immersion

Language immersion, or simply immersion, is a technique used in bilingual language education in which two languages are used for instruction in a variety of topics, including math, science, or social studies.The languages used for instruction are referred to as the L1 and the L2 for each student, with L1 being the native language of the student and L2 being the second language to be acquired through immersion programs and techniques.

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Languages of France

Of the languages of France, the national language, French, is the only official language according to the second article of the French Constitution, and its standardized variant is by far the most widely spoken.

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Langues d'oïl

The langues d'oïl (French) or oïl languages (also in langues d'oui) are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest autochthonous relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France, southern Belgium, and the Channel Islands.

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Lannilis

Lannilis is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Lateral consonant

A lateral is an l-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Latin script

Latin or Roman script is a set of graphic signs (script) based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, which is derived from a form of the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, used by the Etruscans.

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Lenition

In linguistics, lenition is a kind of sound change that alters consonants, making them more sonorous.

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List of Celtic-language media

The list below contains information on the different types of media available in the Celtic languages.

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Loire-Atlantique

Loire-Atlantique (formerly Loire-Inférieure) is a department on the west coast of France named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Lorient

Lorient is a town (French "commune") and seaport in the Morbihan "department" of Brittany in North-Western France.

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Lower Brittany

Lower Brittany (Breizh-Izel; Basse-Bretagne) denotes the parts of Brittany west of Ploërmel, where the Breton language has been traditionally spoken, and where the culture associated with this language is most prolific.

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Manx language

No description.

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Mead

Mead (archaic and dialectal meath or meathe, from Old English medu) is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops.

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Melrand

Melrand is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Minority language

A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.

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Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.

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Monolingualism

Monoglottism (Greek μόνοσ monos, "alone, solitary", + γλώττα glotta, "tongue, language") or, more commonly, monolingualism or unilingualism, is the condition of being able to speak only a single language, as opposed to multilingualism.

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Morbihan

Morbihan (Mor-Bihan) is a department in Brittany, situated in the northwest of France.

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Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.

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Nasal consonant

In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

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Nasalization

In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.

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Noyal-Pontivy

Noyal-Pontivy is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Oaths of Strasbourg

The Oaths of Strasbourg (Sacramenta Argentariae; Les Serments de Strasbourg; Die Straßburger Eide) were mutual pledges of allegiance between Louis the German (†876), ruler of East Francia, and his half-brother Charles the Bald (†877), ruler of West Francia made on 12 February 842.

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Obstruent

An obstruent is a speech sound such as,, or that is formed by obstructing airflow.

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Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.

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Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg

The Public Office for the Breton Language (Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg; Office Public de la langue bretonne) was established on 15 October 2010 as a public institution, with state and regional cooperation and funding, to promote and develop teaching and use of the Breton language in daily life.

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Open vowel

An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.

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Open-mid vowel

An open-mid vowel (also mid-open vowel, low-mid vowel, mid-low vowel or half-open vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

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Pabu

Pabu is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Palatal consonant

Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).

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Patois

Patois (pl. same or) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics.

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Pays de la Loire

Pays de la Loire (Broioù al Liger, meaning Loire Country) is one of the 18 regions of France.

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Pêr-Jakez Helias

Pêr-Jakez Helias, baptised Pierre-Jacques Hélias, nom de plume Pierre-Jakez Hélias (1914–1995) was a Breton stage actor, journalist, author, poet, and writer for radio who worked in the French and Breton languages.

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Peanuts

Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz that ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000, continuing in reruns afterward.

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Perry Mason (TV series)

Perry Mason is an American legal drama series originally broadcast on CBS television from September 21, 1957, to May 22, 1966.

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Philosophy

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Plouha

Plouha (Gallo: Plóha) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Plounévez-Moëdec

Plounévez-Moëdec is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Pluméliau

Pluméliau is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Pluvigner

Pluvigner is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Pontivy

Pontivy is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.

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Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar consonants (sometimes spelled post-alveolar) are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants.

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Quimper

Quimper (Breton: Kemper, Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and capital of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Radio Kerne

Radio Kerne is a radio station that broadcasts exclusively in the Breton language.

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Reactionary

A reactionary is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante, the previous political state of society, which they believe possessed characteristics (discipline, respect for authority, etc.) that are negatively absent from the contemporary status quo of a society.

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Red Book of Endangered Languages

The Red Book of Endangered Languages was published by UNESCO and collected a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages.

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Regional Council of Brittany

The Regional Council of Brittany is the regional legislature of the region of Brittany in France.

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Regional language

A regional language is a language spoken in an area of a sovereign state, whether it be a small area, a federal state or province, or some wider area.

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Rennes

Rennes (Roazhon,; Gallo: Resnn) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine.

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Rennes Metro

The Rennes Metro (Métro de Rennes) rapid transit line serves the city of Rennes in Brittany, France.

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Romance languages

The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

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Roparz Hemon

Roparz Hemon (18 November 1900 in Brest – 29 June 1978 in Dublin), officially named Louis-Paul Némo, was a Breton author and scholar of Breton expression.

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Rostrenen

Rostrenen is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Saint-Allouestre

Saint-Allouestre is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Saint-Barthélemy, Morbihan

Saint-Barthélemy is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Saint-Brieuc

Saint-Brieuc (Breton: Sant-Brieg, Gallo: Saent-Berioec) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France.

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Saint-Herblain

Saint-Herblain is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

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Saint-Malo

Saint-Malo (Gallo: Saent-Malô) is a historic French port in Brittany on the Channel coast.

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Saint-Nazaire

Saint-Nazaire (Gallo: Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France, in traditional Brittany.

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Saint-Rivoal

Saint-Rivoal is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Sandhi

SandhiThe pronunciation of the word "sandhi" is rather diverse among English speakers.

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Santa Barbara, California

Santa Barbara (Spanish for "Saint Barbara") is the county seat of Santa Barbara County in the U.S. state of California.

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Sauzon

Sauzon is a commune on the island of Belle Île in the Morbihan department of the region of Brittany in north-western France.

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Scottish Gaelic

Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to simply as Gaelic (Gàidhlig) or the Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland.

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Secondary education in France

In France, secondary education is in two stages.

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Senate (France)

The Senate (Sénat; pronunciation) is the upper house of the French Parliament, presided over by a president.

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Shakespeare in Love

Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 American romantic period comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard.

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Southwestern Brittonic languages

The Southwestern Brittonic languages are the Brittonic Celtic tongues spoken in South West England and Brittany since the Early Middle Ages.

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Spilhennig

Spilhennig is a logo created in 2007 for speakers of Breton by the Office of the Breton Language.

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SPIP

SPIP (Système de Publication pour l'Internet) is a free software content management system designed for web site publishing, oriented towards online collaborative editing.

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Spirou et Fantasio

Spirou and Fantasio (Spirou et Fantasio) is one of the most popular classic Franco-Belgian comics.

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Stop consonant

In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

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Stourm ar Brezhoneg

Stourm ar Brezhoneg (« Le Combat de la langue bretonne ») is a Breton association founded in 1984 which calls for an official statute for the Breton language in public life.

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The Adventures of Tintin

The Adventures of Tintin (Les Aventures de Tintin) is a series of 24 comic albums created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Hergé.

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Tilde

The tilde (in the American Heritage dictionary or; ˜ or ~) is a grapheme with several uses.

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Titeuf

Titeuf (known sometimes as Tootuff in English) is a Swiss comic series created by Zep in 1992, which was adapted into a 2001 animated TV series and a 2011 film of the same name.

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Toubon Law

The Toubon Law (full name: law 94-665 of 4 August 1994 relating to usage of the French language) is a law of the French government mandating the use of the French language in official government publications, in all advertisements, in all workplaces, in commercial contracts, in some other commercial communication contexts, in all government-financed schools, and some other contexts.

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Trégor

Trégor (Bro-Dreger in Breton) is one of the nine provinces of Brittany, in its northwestern area.

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Trégorrois Breton dialect

Trégorrois Breton is the dialect of Breton spoken in Trégor (Bro-Dreger in Breton).

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Trill consonant

In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.

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Uvular consonant

Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.

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Vannes

Vannes is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.

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Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).

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Viscounty of Léon

The Viscounty or County of Léon was a feudal state in extreme western Brittany in the High Middle Ages.

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Voice (phonetics)

Voice is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants).

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Voicelessness

In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating.

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Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.

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Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages.

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Western Brittonic languages

Western Brittonic languages comprise two dialects into which Common Brittonic split during the Early Middle Ages; its counterpart was the ancestor of the Southwestern Brittonic languages.

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William Calin

William Compaine Calin (born April 4, 1936 in Newington, Connecticut, died May 20, 2018 in Lake City, Florida) was a senior scholar of Medieval French literature and French Poetry at the University of Florida.

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Xavier de Langlais

Xavier de Langlais (April 26, 1906, Sarzeau – June 15, 1975) was a Breton painter, printmaker and writer.

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Ya d'ar brezhoneg

Ya d'ar brezhoneg (Oui au breton, Yes to Breton) is a campaign started in the 21st century by the Ofis ar Brezhoneg ("Office of the Breton language") to promote and stimulate the use of the Breton language in daily life in Brittany, northwestern France.

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Yakari

Yakari is a Franco-Belgian comic book series, aimed at a younger audience, written by Job and illustrated by Derib, both from Switzerland.

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Yann-Ber Kalloc'h

Yann-Ber Kalloc'h (born Jean-Pierre Calloc'h in French) (21 July 1888 – 10 April 1917) was a French writer in Breton and French.

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Youenn Gwernig

Youenn Gwernig (1925, Scaër–2006, Douarnenez) was a Breton-American poet, writer and singer.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language

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