38th (Welsh) Infantry Division

The 38th (Welsh) Division (initially the 43rd Division, later the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division and then the 38th Infantry (Reserve) Division) of the British Army was active during both the First and Second World Wars. ^[1]

Abergavenny

Abergavenny (Y Fenni, archaically Abergafenni meaning "Mouth of the River Gavenny") is a market town in Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Albert, Somme

Albert is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Ancre

The Ancre is a river of Picardy, France.

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Armentières

Armentières (Armentiers) is a commune in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Army Council (1904)

The Army Council was the supreme administering body of the British Army from its creation in 1904 until it was reconstituted as the Army Board in 1964.

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Army Cyclist Corps

The Army Cyclist Corps was a corps of the British Army active during the First World War, and controlling the Army's bicycle infantry.

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Army Reserve (United Kingdom)

The Army Reserve is the active-duty volunteer reserve force and integrated element of the British Army.

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Arras

Arras (Atrecht) is the capital (chef-lieu/préfecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; prior to the reorganization of 2014 it was located in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

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Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes.

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Arthur Dowler

Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur (Arnhold Bullick) Dowler KCB KBE DL (16 July 1895 – 14 November 1963) was a senior British Army officer who was General Officer Commanding (GOC) East Africa Command.

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Aulnoye-Aymeries

Aulnoye-Aymeries is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Australian Corps

The Australian Corps was a World War I army corps that contained all five Australian infantry divisions serving on the Western Front.

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Aveluy

Aveluy is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Épehy

Épehy is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Étricourt-Manancourt

Étricourt-Manancourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Bapaume

Bapaume is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Baptism by fire

The phrase baptism by fire or baptism of fire is a phrase originating from the words of John the Baptist in Matthew 3:11.

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Barbed wire

Barbed wire, also known as barb wire, less often as bob wire or, in the southeastern United States, bobbed wire, is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strand(s).

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Battalion

A battalion is a military unit.

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Battle of Amiens (1918)

The Battle of Amiens, also known as the Third Battle of Picardy (3ème Bataille de Picardie), was the opening phase of the Allied offensive which began on 8 August 1918, later known as the Hundred Days Offensive, that ultimately led to the end of the First World War.

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Battle of annihilation

A battle of annihilation is a military strategy in which an attacking army seeks to destroy the military capacity of the opposing army in a single planned pivotal battle.

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Battle of Épehy

The Battle of Épehy was a battle of the First World War fought on 18 September 1918, involving the British Fourth Army (under the command of General Henry Rawlinson) against German outpost positions in front of the Hindenburg Line.

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Battle of Bazentin Ridge

The Battle of Bazentin Ridge was part of the Battle of the Somme on the Western Front in France, during the First World War.

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Battle of Passchendaele

The Battle of Passchendaele (Flandernschlacht, Deuxième Bataille des Flandres), also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.

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Battle of Pilckem Ridge

The Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August 1917) was the opening attack of the Third Battle of Ypres in the First World War.

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Battle of the Lys (1918)

The Battle of the Lys, also known as the Lys Offensive, the Fourth Battle of Ypres, the Fourth Battle of Flanders and Operation Georgette (Batalha de La Lys and 3ème Bataille des Flandres), was part of the 1918 German offensive in Flanders during World War I, also known as the Spring Offensive.

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Battle of the Selle

The Battle of the Selle (17–25 October 1918) was a battle between Allied forces and the German Army, fought during the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I.

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Battle of the Somme

The Battle of the Somme (Bataille de la Somme, Schlacht an der Somme), also known as the Somme Offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and France against the German Empire.

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Bayonet

A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a knife, sword, or spike-shaped weapon designed to fit on the end of a rifles muzzle, allowing it to be used as a pike.

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Bazentin

Bazentin is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Beachy Head

Beachy Head is a Chalk headland in East Sussex, England.

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Beaumont-Hamel

Beaumont-Hamel is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Beaurevoir

Beaurevoir is a commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Bertry

Bertry is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Bognor Regis

Bognor Regis is a seaside resort in West Sussex on the south coast of England, south-west of London, west of Brighton, south-east of Chichester and east of Portsmouth.

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Bombardment

A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire or by dropping bombs from aircraft on fortifications, combatants, or towns and buildings.

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Border Regiment

The Border Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, which was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot and the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot.

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Bouzincourt

Bouzincourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Brigadier (United Kingdom)

Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.

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British Army of the Rhine

There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).

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British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)

The organisation of Divisions and Brigades of British Army in 1939, at the outbreak of the Second World War, is listed below.

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British Expeditionary Force (World War I)

The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British Army sent to the Western Front during the First World War.

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British Expeditionary Force (World War II)

The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the name of the British Army in Western Europe during the Second World War from 2 September 1939 when the BEF GHQ was formed until 31 May 1940, when GHQ closed down.

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British Indian Army

The Indian Army (IA), often known since 1947 (but rarely during its existence) as the British Indian Army to distinguish it from the current Indian Army, was the principal military of the British Indian Empire before its decommissioning in 1947.

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Bunker

A bunker is a defensive military fortification designed to protect people or valued materials from falling bombs or other attacks.

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Canadian Corps

The Canadian Corps was a World War I corps formed from the Canadian Expeditionary Force in September 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France.

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Canal du Nord

The Canal du Nord is a long canal in northern France.

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Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)

Captain (Capt) is a junior officer rank of the British Army and Royal Marines and in both services it ranks above lieutenant and below major with a NATO ranking code of OF-2.

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Causes of World War II

Among the causes of World War II were Italian fascism in the 1920s, Japanese militarism and invasion of China in the 1930s, and especially the political takeover in 1933 of Germany by Hitler and his Nazi Party and its aggressive foreign policy.

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Chancellor of Germany

The title Chancellor has designated different offices in the history of Germany.

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Chancellor of the Exchequer

The Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of Her Majesty's Exchequer, commonly known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or simply the Chancellor, is a senior official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of Her Majesty's Treasury.

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Charles Blackader

Major-General Charles Guinand Blackader, CB, DSO (20 September 1869 – 2 April 1921) was a British Army officer of the First World War.

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Cheshire Regiment

The Cheshire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales' Division.

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Clary, Nord

Clary is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

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Colonel (United Kingdom)

Colonel (Col) is a rank of the British Army and Royal Marines, ranking below brigadier, and above lieutenant colonel.

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Colwyn Bay

Colwyn Bay (Bae Colwyn) is a town, community and seaside resort in Conwy County Borough on the north coast of Wales overlooking the Irish Sea.

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Combined arms

Combined arms is an approach to warfare which seeks to integrate different combat arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects (for example, using infantry and armor in an urban environment, where one supports the other, or both support each other).

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Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces

Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces was a senior officer in the British Army during the First and Second World Wars.

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Company (military unit)

A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 80–150 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain.

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Conscription

Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.

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Crawley Down

Crawley Down is a village in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England.

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Croix-Caluyau

Croix-Caluyau is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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David Charles Harvey

David Charles Harvey (29 July 1946 – 4 March 2004) was an historian and author born in East Ham, London.

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David Jones (artist-poet)

Walter David Jones CH, CBE (known as David Jones, 1 November 1895 – 28 October 1974) was both a painter and one of the first-generation British modernist poets.

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David Lloyd George

David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman of the Liberal Party and the final Liberal to serve as Prime Minister.

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Dimechaux

Dimechaux is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Distinguished Conduct Medal

The Distinguished Conduct Medal, post-nominal letters DCM, was established in 1854 by Queen Victoria as a decoration for gallantry in the field by other ranks of the British Army.

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Distinguished Service Order

The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other parts of the Commonwealth of Nations, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat.

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Division (military)

A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers.

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Doctrine

Doctrine (from doctrina, meaning "teaching", "instruction" or "doctrine") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system.

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Dorset

Dorset (archaically: Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast.

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Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig

Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, (19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928), was a senior officer of the British Army.

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Dourlers

Dourlers is a commune in the Nord department (district) of northern France.

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Dunkirk evacuation

The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940.

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East Lancashire Regiment

The East Lancashire Regiment was, from 1881 to 1958, a line infantry regiment of the British Army.

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Edward VIII

Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year, after which he became the Duke of Windsor.

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Enfilade and defilade

Enfilade and defilade are concepts in military tactics used to describe a military formation's exposure to enemy fire.

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Englefontaine

Englefontaine is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Ernest Alexander

Major General Ernest Wright Alexander, (2 October 1870 – 25 August 1934) was a British Army officer and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Esnes

Esnes is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Festubert

Festubert is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Field hospital

A field hospital is a small mobile medical unit, or mini hospital, that temporarily takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities.

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First day on the Somme

The first day on the Somme, 1 July 1916, was the opening day of the Battle of Albert the name given by the British to the first two weeks of the Battle of the Somme.

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Flamethrower

A flamethrower is a mechanical incendiary device designed to project a long, controllable stream of fire.

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Forêt de Mormal

The Forêt de Mormal (Forest of Mormal) is a forest in France, near the Franco-Belgian border.

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Fourth Army (United Kingdom)

The Fourth Army was a field army that formed part of the British Expeditionary Force during the First World War.

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Fricourt

Fricourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Friendly fire

Friendly fire is an attack by a military force on non-enemy, own, allied or neutral, forces while attempting to attack the enemy, either by misidentifying the target as hostile, or due to errors or inaccuracy.

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Gary Sheffield (historian)

Gary D. Sheffield is an English academic at the University of Wolverhampton, specialising in military history.

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General (United Kingdom)

General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank currently achievable by serving officers of the British Army.

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General Service Corps

The General Service Corps (GSC) is a corps of the British Army.

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Geoffrey Raikes

Major-General Sir Geoffrey Taunton Raikes CB DSO (7 April 1884 – 1975) was a British Army General who achieved high office in the 1930s.

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German invasion of Belgium

The German invasion of Belgium was a military campaign which began on 4 August 1914.

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German occupation of Czechoslovakia

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945) began with the German annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, formerly being part of German-Austria known collectively as the Sudetenland, under terms outlined by the Munich Agreement.

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German occupation of the Channel Islands

The German occupation of the Channel Islands lasted for most of the Second World War, from 30 June 1940 until their liberation on 9 May 1945.

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Ginchy

Ginchy is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée

Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Glacis

A glacis in military engineering is an artificial slope as part of a medieval castle or in early modern fortresses.

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Gommecourt, Pas-de-Calais

Gommecourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Goronwy Owen (politician)

Goronwy Owen (22 June 1881 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh Liberal politician and businessman.

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Gouzeaucourt

Gouzeaucourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Government of the United Kingdom

The Government of the United Kingdom, formally referred to as Her Majesty's Government, is the central government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Grenade

A grenade is a small weapon typically thrown by hand.

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Guards Division (United Kingdom)

The Guards Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was formed in the Great War in France in 1915 from battalions of the elite Guards regiments from the Regular Army.

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Hand-to-hand combat

Hand-to-hand combat (sometimes abbreviated as HTH or H2H) is a lethal or non-lethal physical confrontation between two or more persons at very short range (grappling distance, or within the physical reach of a handheld weapon) that does not involve the use of ranged weapons.

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Hedd Wyn

Hedd Wyn (born Ellis Humphrey Evans, 13 January 188731 July 1917) was a Welsh-language poet who was killed on the first day of the Battle of Passchendaele during World War I. He was posthumously awarded the bard's chair at the 1917 National Eisteddfod.

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Henry Edward ap Rhys Pryce

General Sir Henry ap Rhys Pryce, KCB, CMG, DSO (1874 – 21 June 1950) was a British Indian Army officer who served Master-General of the Ordnance in India.

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Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne

General Henry Sinclair Horne, 1st Baron Horne, (19 February 1861 – 14 August 1929) was a military officer in the British Army, most notable for his generalship during the First World War.

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Henry Weale

Henry Weale VC (2 October 1897 – 13 January 1959) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, (24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916), was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator who won notoriety for his imperial campaigns, most especially his scorched earth policy against the Boers and his establishment of concentration camps during the Second Boer War, and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War.

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Herbert Watts

Lieutenant-General Sir Herbert Edward Watts, KCB, KCMG (14 February 1858 - 15 October 1934) was a British Army officer who commanded 7th Division and later XIX Corps during the First World War.

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Herefordshire Light Infantry

The Herefordshire Light Infantry was an infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1861 to 1967.

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Hertfordshire

Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south.

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Hestrud

Hestrud is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Hindenburg Line

The Hindenburg Line (Siegfriedstellung or Siegfried Position) was a German defensive position of World War I, built during the winter of 1916–1917 on the Western Front, from Arras to Laffaux, near Soissons on the Aisne.

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History of the Second World War

The History of the Second World War is the official history of the British contribution to the Second World War and was published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO).

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Howitzer

A howitzer is a type of artillery piece characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles over relatively high trajectories, with a steep angle of descent.

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Hundred Days Offensive

The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens.

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II Corps (United Kingdom)

II Corps was an army corps of the British Army formed in both the First World War and the Second World War.

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III Corps (United Kingdom)

III Corps was an army corps of the British Army formed in both the First World War and the Second World War.

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Imperial War Museum

Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London.

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In Parenthesis

In Parenthesis is an epic poem of the First World War by David Jones first published in England in 1937.

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Infantry

Infantry is the branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and tank forces.

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International crisis

The term international crisis is widespread term without a single common definition.

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IV Corps (United Kingdom)

IV Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army, formed in both the First World War and the Second World War.

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Ivor Philipps

Major General Sir Ivor Philipps, (9 September 1861 – 15 August 1940) was a British officer in the British Indian Army and a Liberal Party politician.

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Ivor Rees

Ivor Rees VC (18 October 1893 – 11 March 1967) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth forces.

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Jack Williams (VC)

John (Jack) Henry Williams VC DCM MM & Bar (29 September 1886 – 7 March 1953), was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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James Llewellyn Davies

James Llewellyn Davies VC (16 March 1886 – 31 July 1917) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Johnny Williams (rugby player, born 1882)

John Lewis Williams (3 January 1882 – 12 July 1916) was a Welsh international wing who played club rugby for Cardiff Rugby Football Club.

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Kent

Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties.

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King's Shropshire Light Infantry

The King's Shropshire Light Infantry (KSLI) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in the Childers Reforms of 1881, but with antecedents dating back to 1755.

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Kitchener's Army

The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob, was an (initially) all-volunteer army of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914.

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La Gorgue

La Gorgue is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Laventie

Laventie is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Le Catelet

Le Catelet is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Le Havre

Le Havre, historically called Newhaven in English, is an urban French commune and city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.

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Lehr Infantry Regiment

The Lehr Infantry Regiment (Lehr-Infanterie-Regiment) was an infantry regiment of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilisation of the German Army in August 1914 and served with the 3rd Guards Division through to the end of the war.

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Lesbœufs

Lesbœufs is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Leslie Hore-Belisha

Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha, PC (7 September 1893 – 16 February 1957) was a British Liberal, then National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet Minister.

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Lewis gun

The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War-era light machine gun of US design that was perfected and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by British and British Empire troops during the war.

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Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom – with the opposing Conservative Party – in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)

Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines.

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Lionel Howard Cox

Major General Lionel Howard Cox (1893−1949) CB CBE MC was a British Army officer.

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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Llandudno

Llandudno is a seaside resort, town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located on the Creuddyn peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea.

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Llewelyn Alberic Emilius Price-Davies

Major General Llewelyn Alberic Emilius Price-Davies (30 June 1878 – 26 December 1965) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Llewelyn Wyn Griffith

Llewelyn Wyn Griffith CBE (30 August 1890 – 27 September 1977) was a Welsh novelist, born in Llandrillo yn Rhos, Clwyd.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Longueval

Longueval is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Lys (river)

The Lys (French) or Leie (Dutch/German) is a river in France and Belgium, and a left-bank tributary of the Scheldt.

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Machine gun

A machine gun is a fully automatic mounted or portable firearm designed to fire bullets in rapid succession from an ammunition belt or magazine, typically at a rate of 300 rounds per minute or higher.

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Machine Gun Corps

The Machine Gun Corps (MGC) was a corps of the British Army, formed in October 1915 in response to the need for more effective use of machine guns on the Western Front in the First World War.

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Mad minute

The Mad Minute was a pre-World War I bolt-rifle speed shooting exercise used by British Army riflemen, using the Lee–Enfield service rifle.

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Major (United Kingdom)

Major (Maj) is a military rank which is used by both the British Army and Royal Marines.

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Major-general (United Kingdom)

Major general (Maj Gen), is a "two-star" rank in the British Army and Royal Marines.

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Mametz Wood Memorial

The Mametz Wood Memorial commemorates an engagement of the 38th (Welsh) Division of the British Army during the First Battle of the Somme in France in 1916.

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Mametz, Somme

Mametz is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Manchester

Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 530,300.

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Mary of Teck

Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India as the wife of King George V. Although technically a princess of Teck, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, she was born and raised in England.

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Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood

Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965) was a member of the British royal family; she was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary.

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Masnières

Masnières is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Master of Philosophy

The Master of Philosophy (abbr. M.Phil. or MPhil, sometimes Ph.M.; Latin Magister Philosophiae or Philosophiae Magister) is a postgraduate degree.

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Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament.

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Mentioned in dispatches

A member of the armed forces mentioned in dispatches (or despatches, MiD) is one whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which his or her gallant or meritorious action in the face of the enemy is described.

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Military Cross

The Military Cross (MC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Armed Forces, and used to be awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries.

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Military exercise

A military exercise or war game is the employment of military resources in training for military operations, either exploring the effects of warfare or testing strategies without actual combat.

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Military Medal

The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other services, and formerly also to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land.

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Military parade

A military parade is a formation of soldiers whose movement is restricted by close-order manouvering known as drilling or marching.

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Minister of Munitions

The Minister of Munitions was a British government position created during the First World War to oversee and co-ordinate the production and distribution of munitions for the war effort.

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Monmouthshire (historic)

Monmouthshire, also known as the County of Monmouth (Sir Fynwy), is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales and a former administrative county.

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Monmouthshire Regiment

The Monmouthshire Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Army and the Territorial Army.

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Morale

Morale, also known as esprit de corps, is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship.

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Morval

Morval is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.

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Nauroy

Nauroy is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Neuve-Chapelle

Neuve-Chapelle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Neville Chamberlain

Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.

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No man's land

No man's land is land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty.

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Noel Irwin

Lieutenant General Noel Mackintosh Stuart Irwin & Two Bars, MC (24 December 1892 – 21 December 1972) was a senior British Army officer, who played a prominent role in the British Army after the Dunkirk evacuation, and in the Burma Campaign during the Second World War.

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Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Nord-Pas-de-Calais (is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Hauts-de-France. It consisted of the departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. Nord-Pas-de-Calais borders the English Channel (west), the North Sea (northwest), Belgium (north and east) and Picardy (south). The majority of the region was once part of the historical (Southern) Netherlands, but gradually became part of France between 1477 and 1678, particularly during the reign of king Louis XIV. The historical French provinces that preceded Nord-Pas-de-Calais are Artois, French Flanders, French Hainaut and (partially) Picardy. These provincial designations are still frequently used by the inhabitants. With its 330.8 people per km2 on just over 12,414 km2, it is a densely populated region, having some 4.1 million inhabitants, 7% of France's total population, making it the fourth most populous region in the country, 83% of whom live in urban communities. Its administrative centre and largest city is Lille. The second largest city is Calais, which serves as a major continental economic/transportation hub with Dover of Great Britain away; this makes Nord-Pas-de-Calais the closest continental European connection to the Great Britain. Other major towns include Valenciennes, Lens, Douai, Béthune, Dunkirk, Maubeuge, Boulogne, Arras, Cambrai and Saint-Omer. Numerous films, like Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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North Staffordshire Regiment

The North Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, which was in existence between 1881 and 1959.

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North Wales

North Wales (Gogledd Cymru) is an unofficial region of Wales.

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North West England

North West England, one of nine official regions of England, consists of the five counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside.

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Northumberland

Northumberland (abbreviated Northd) is a county in North East England.

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Occupation of the Rhineland

The Occupation of the Rhineland from 1 December 1918 until 30 June 1930 was a consequence of the collapse of the Imperial German Army in 1918.

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Officer (armed forces)

An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.

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Operation Biting

Operation Biting, also known as the Bruneval Raid, was the code name given to a British Combined Operations raid on a German coastal radar installation at Bruneval in northern France, which took place on the night of 27–28 February 1942 during World War II.

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Operation Michael

Operation Michael was a major German military offensive during the First World War that began the Spring Offensive on 21 March 1918.

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Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.

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Orchard

An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production.

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Ovillers-la-Boisselle

Ovillers-la-Boisselle is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)

The Parachute Regiment, colloquially known as the Paras, is an elite airborne infantry regiment of the British Army.

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Pembroke Yeomanry

The Pembroke Yeomanry was a regiment of the British Army formed in 1794.

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Pillbox (military)

Pillboxes are concrete dug-in guard posts, normally equipped with loopholes through which to fire weapons.

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Pioneer (military)

A pioneer is a soldier employed to perform engineering and construction tasks.

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Platoon

A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two or more squads/sections/patrols.

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Porthcawl

Porthcawl is a town and community on the south coast of Wales in the county borough of Bridgend, west of the capital city, Cardiff and southeast of Swansea.

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Prémont

Prémont is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Prince of Wales

Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards; the term replaced the use of the word king.

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Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren; Protektorát Čechy a Morava) was a protectorate of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939.

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Pwllheli

Pwllheli is a community and the main market town of the Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn) in Gwynedd, north-western Wales.

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Reconnaissance Corps

The Reconnaissance Corps, or simply Recce Corps, was a corps of the British Army, formed during the Second World War whose units provided the mobile spearhead of infantry divisions.

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Recruit training

Recruit training, more commonly known as basic training or colloquially boot camp, refers to the initial instruction of new military personnel.

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Redoubt

A redoubt (historically redout) is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on earthworks, although some are constructed of stone or brick.

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Reserve Army (United Kingdom)

The Reserve Army was a field army of the British Army and part of the British Expeditionary Force during the First World War.

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Rhyl

Rhyl (Y Rhyl) is a Welsh seaside resort town and community in the county of Denbighshire.

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River Severn

The River Severn (Afon Hafren, Sabrina) is a river in the United Kingdom.

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Royal Armoured Corps

The Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) provides the armour capability of the British Army, with vehicles such as the Challenger 2 Tank and the Scimitar Reconnaissance Vehicle.

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Royal Army Medical Corps

The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace.

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Royal Army Service Corps

The Royal Army Service Corps (RASC) was a corps of the British Army responsible for land, coastal and lake transport, air despatch, barracks administration, the Army Fire Service, staffing headquarters' units, supply of food, water, fuel and domestic materials such as clothing, furniture and stationery and the supply of technical and military equipment.

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Royal Army Veterinary Corps

The Royal Army Veterinary Corps (RAVC), known as the Army Veterinary Corps (AVC) until it gained the royal prefix on 27 November 1918, is an administrative and operational branch of the British Army responsible for the provision, training and care of animals.

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Royal Artillery

The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is the artillery arm of the British Army.

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Royal Australian Artillery

The Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery, normally referred to as the Royal Australian Artillery (RAA), is a Regiment of the Australian Army descended from the original colonial artillery units prior to Australia's federation.

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Royal Corps of Signals

The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals - abbreviated to R SIGNALS) is one of the combat support arms of the British Army.

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Royal Engineers

The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army.

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Royal Field Artillery

The Royal Field Artillery (RFA) of the British Army provided close artillery support for the infantry.

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Royal Garrison Artillery

The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was formed in 1899 as a distinct arm of the British Army's Royal Regiment of Artillery serving alongside the other two arms of the Regiment, the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) and the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).

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Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers

The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1968.

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Royal School of Artillery

The Royal School of Artillery (RSA), formerly the School of Instruction for Royal Horse and Field Artillery (Larkhill), is the principal training establishment for artillery warfare in the British Army.

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Royal Welch Fusiliers

The Royal Welch Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales' Division.

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Royal Welsh

The Royal Welsh (R WELSH) (Y Cymry Brenhinol) is one of the new large infantry regiments of the British Army.

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Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry

The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry (RWY) was a Yeomanry regiment of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United Kingdom established in 1794.

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Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan

Field Marshal Frederick Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan, (16 October 1865 – 28 August 1946), known as Viscount Kilcoursie from 1887 until 1900, was a British Army officer and Chief of the Imperial General Staff.

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Sailly-Saillisel

Sailly-Saillisel is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Saint David's Day

Saint David's Day (Dydd Gŵyl Dewi) is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March, the date of Saint David's death in 589 AD.

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Saint-Jouin-Bruneval

Saint-Jouin-Bruneval is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

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Sambre

The Sambre is a river in northern France and in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Second Battle of the Somme (1918)

The Second Battle of the Somme of 1918 was fought during the First World War on the Western Front from late August to early September, in the basin of the River Somme.

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Secretary of State for War

The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, was a British cabinet-level position, first held by Henry Dundas (appointed in 1794).

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Section (military unit)

A section is a military sub-subunit.

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Selle

The Selle (also spelt Celle in the Oise) is a river of Picardy, France.

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Seniority

Seniority is the concept of a person or group of people taking precedence over another person or group because the former is either older than the latter or has occupied a particular position longer than the latter.

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Shrewsbury Castle

Shrewsbury Castle is a red sandstone castle in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

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Smoke screen

A smoke screen is smoke released to mask the movement or location of military units such as infantry, tanks, aircraft or ships.

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Somerset Light Infantry

The Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's) was a light infantry infantry regiment of the British Army, which served under various titles from 1685 to 1959.

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Somme (river)

The Somme is a river in Picardy, northern France.

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South Wales Borderers

The South Wales Borderers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence for 280 years.

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Southampton

Southampton is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, England.

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Spanish flu

The Spanish flu (January 1918 – December 1920), also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus.

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Spring Offensive

The 1918 Spring Offensive, or Kaiserschlacht (Kaiser's Battle), also known as the Ludendorff Offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914.

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Squadron (army)

A squadron was historically a cavalry subunit, a company sized military formation.

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Sudetenland

The Sudetenland (Czech and Sudety; Kraj Sudecki) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans.

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Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard, commonly known as mustard gas, is the prototypical substance of the sulfur-based family of cytotoxic and vesicant chemical warfare agents known as the sulfur mustards which have the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs.

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Sussex

Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex.

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Tank

A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat, with heavy firepower, strong armour, tracks and a powerful engine providing good battlefield maneuverability.

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Territorial Force

The Territorial Force was a part-time volunteer organisation, created in 1908 to help meet the military needs of the United Kingdom (UK) without resorting to conscription.

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Thiepval

Thiepval is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Third Army (United Kingdom)

The Third Army was a field army of the British Army during World War I that saw active service on the Western Front throughout the war.

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Thomas Cubitt (British Army officer)

General Sir Thomas Astley Cubitt, (9 April 1871 – 19 May 1939) was a British Army officer of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who commanded a division in the First World War and in retirement served as Governor of Bermuda.

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Treaty of London (1839)

The Treaty of London of 1839, also called the First Treaty of London, the Convention of 1839, the Treaty of Separation, the Quintuple Treaty of 1839, or the Treaty of the XXIV articles, was a treaty signed on 19 April 1839 between the Concert of Europe, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Belgium.

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Trench warfare

Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.

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Trescault

Trescault is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Troisvilles

Troisvilles is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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University of Birmingham

The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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V Corps (United Kingdom)

V Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army that saw service in both World War I and World War II.

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Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the British honours system.

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VIII Corps (United Kingdom)

VIII Corps was a British Army corps formation that existed during the First and Second World Wars.

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Villers-Outréaux

Villers-Outréaux is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Wales national rugby union team

The Wales national rugby union team (Tîm rygbi'r undeb cenedlaethol Cymru) competes annually in the Six Nations Championship with England, France, Ireland, Italy and Scotland.

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War cabinet

A war cabinet is a committee formed by a government in a time of war.

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War Office

The War Office was a department of the British Government responsible for the administration of the British Army between 1857 and 1964, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence.

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Welch Regiment

The Welch Regiment (or "The Welch", an archaic spelling of "Welsh") was an infantry regiment of the line of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1969.

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Welsh Dragon

The Welsh Dragon (Y Ddraig Goch, meaning the red dragon) appears on the national flag of Wales.

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Western Command (United Kingdom)

Western Command was a command of the British Army.

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William Allison White

William Allison White VC TD (19 October 1894 – 13 September 1974) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

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Winchester

Winchester is a city and the county town of Hampshire, England.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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XI Corps (United Kingdom)

XI Corps was a corps-sized formation of the British Army, active during the Great War that served on the Western Front and in Italy.

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XII Corps (United Kingdom)

XII Corps was an army corps of the British Army that fought in the First and Second World Wars.

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XIV Corps (United Kingdom)

XIV Corps was a British infantry corps during the First World War.

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XV Corps (United Kingdom)

XV Corps was a British infantry corps during World War I.

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XVII Corps (United Kingdom)

The British XVII Corps was a British infantry corps during World War I.

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Ypres Salient

The Ypres Salient is the area around Ypres in Belgium which was the scene of some of the biggest battles in World War I.

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111th Infantry Division (German Empire)

The 111th Infantry Division (111. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on March 25, 1915, near Brussels, Belgium and organized over the next several weeks.

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113th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 113th Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army active in both World War I and World War II.

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114th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 114th Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army during the Great War.

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115th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 115th Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army raised during both the First and Second World War.

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12th (Eastern) Division

The 12th (Eastern) Division was an infantry division raised by the British Army during World War I from men volunteering for Kitchener's New Armies.

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17th Reserve Division (German Empire)

The 17th Reserve Division (17. Reserve-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914.

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18th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 18th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army which fought briefly in the Malayan Campaign of the Second World War.

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19th (Western) Division

The 19th (Western) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of Kitchener's Army, formed in the Great War.

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19th Light Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 19th Light Brigade was a Regular Army infantry brigade of the British Army.

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1st Division (Portugal)

The 1st Division was one of the two divisions of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (CEP, Corpo Expedicionário Português), the main military force of Portugal that fought in the World War I Western Front on the side of the Allies.

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211th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 211th Infantry Brigade was a Home Defence formation of the British Army during the Second World War.

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21st Army Group

The 21st Army Group was a World War II British headquarters formation, in command of two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army.

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21st Division (United Kingdom)

The 21st Division was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I, raised in September 1914 by men volunteering for Lord Kitchener's New Armies.

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25th Division (United Kingdom)

The 25th Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised as part of Lord Kitchener's Third New Army (K3) in September 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the Great War.

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29th Division (United Kingdom)

The 29th Division, known as the Incomparable Division, was an infantry division of the British Army, formed in early 1915 by combining various Regular Army units that had been acting as garrisons around the British Empire.

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2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 2nd Infantry Division was a Regular Army infantry division of the British Army, with a long history.

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31st Division (United Kingdom)

The 31st Division was an infantry division of the British Army.

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33rd Division (United Kingdom)

The 33rd Division was a New Army infantry division of the British Army formed in 1914 during the First World War as the 40th Division in the K5 Army group then renumbered in April 1915 as part of the new K4 Army Group.

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34th Division (United Kingdom)

The 34th Division was an infantry division of the British Army formed during the First World War in April 1915 as part Kitchener's Army, part of the K4 Army Group.

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3rd Guards Infantry Division (German Empire)

The 3rd Guards Infantry Division (3. Garde-Infanterie-Division) was a unit of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of the Guards Reserve Corps.

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3rd Reserve Division (German Empire)

The 3rd Reserve Division (3. Reserve-Division) was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from reserve infantry units primarily from Pomerania.

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45th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 45th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and Second World Wars with 15th (Scottish) Division.

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45th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 45th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the Territorial Force, part of the British Army.

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46th (North Midland) Division

The 46th (North Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of the Territorial Force, that saw service in World War I. At the outbreak of the war, the 46th Division was commanded by Major-General Hon.

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47th (1/2nd London) Division

The 47th (1/2nd London) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force.

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48th (South Midland) Division

The 48th (South Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army.

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51st (Highland) Division

The 51st (Highland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army that fought on the Western Front in France during the First World War from 1915 to 1918.

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52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division

The 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was originally formed as the Lowland Division, in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force.

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53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division

The 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that fought in both World War I and World War II.

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55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division

The 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army.

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61st (2nd South Midland) Division

The 61st (2nd South Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised in 1915 during the Great War as a second-line reserve for the first-line battalions of the 48th (South Midland) Division.

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61st Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 61st Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised in 1939 as part of the expansion of the Territorial Army in response to the German occupation of Czechoslovakia.

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6th (Royal Welch) Parachute Battalion

The 6th (Royal Welch) Parachute Battalion was an airborne infantry battalion of the Parachute Regiment raised by the British Army during the Second World War.

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7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)

The 7th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army, first established by The Duke of Wellington as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army for service in the Peninsular War, and was active also during the First World War from 1914–1919, and in the Second World War from 1938–1939 in Palestine and Egypt.

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80th Infantry (Reserve) Division (United Kingdom)

The 80th Infantry (Reserve) Division was an infantry division of the British Army formed at the beginning of 1943, during the Second World War.

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Redirects here:

38th (Welsh) Division, 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division (United Kingdom), British 38th (Welsh) Division, British 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/38th_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division

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