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187 relations: Adriatic Sea, Agnes of Antioch, Alice of Antioch, Andrew II of Hungary, Andrew of Hungary, Prince of Halych, Anna of Hungary, Duchess of Macsó, Árpád dynasty, Ögedei Khan, Šubić, Balkans, Banate of Bosnia, Banate of Macsó, Banate of Severin, Battle of Isaszeg (1265), Battle of Kressenbrunn, Battle of Mohi, Battle of the Leitha River, Batu Khan, Béla II of Hungary, Béla III of Hungary, Béla, Duke of Slavonia, Böszörmény, Beatrice d'Este, Queen of Hungary, Belgrade, Berke, Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia), Berthold, Duke of Merania, Bohemond II of Antioch, Bolesław the Pious, Bolesław V the Chaste, Boril of Bulgaria, Braničevo (Golubac), Braničevo (region), Bratislava, Bryan Cartledge, Buda, Budapest, By the Grace of God, Carpathian Mountains, Catholic Church, Chronicon Pictum, Cistercians, Codlea, Coloman of Galicia, Constance of Antioch, Croatia, Croatia in union with Hungary, Crusades, Cumania, Cumans, ..., Dalmatia, Daniel of Galicia, Danube, Denis, son of Ampud, Domald of Sidraga, Dominican Order, Drava, Duchy of Austria, Duchy of Greater Poland, Duchy of Styria, Duke of Slavonia, Duke of Transylvania, Eastern Hungarians, Elizabeth of Hungary, Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Bavaria, Elizabeth the Cuman, Epigram, Esztergom, Euphrosyne of Kiev, Eurasian Steppe, Fifth Crusade, Fortress of Klis, Franciscans, Frederick II, Duke of Austria, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Friar Julian, Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, Géza II of Hungary, Gertrude of Austria, Gertrude of Merania, Golden Bull of 1222, Gradec, Zagreb, Hainburg an der Donau, Halych, Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary, Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria, History of the Jews in Hungary, Holy Land, Holy Roman Empire, Holy See, Hungarian nobility, John, Archbishop of Esztergom, Judge royal, Julius I Kán, Kadan, Köten, Khagan, King of Hungary, Kinga of Poland, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Klis, Knights Hospitaller, Konstantin Tih, Kunigunda of Halych, Leo I of Galicia, Leszek II the Black, List of Bohemian monarchs, List of Byzantine emperors, List of rulers of Croatia, Louis IX of France, Lviv, Magna Hungaria, Margaret Island, Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia, Margaret of Hungary (saint), Margraviate of Moravia, Maria Laskarina, Mass hysteria, Michael II Asen, Michael Kacsics, Military order (monastic society), Mongol invasion of Europe, Mongols, Mstislav I of Kiev, Nitra, Olomouc, Otto III, Duke of Bavaria, Ottokar II of Bohemia, Pannonhalma Archabbey, Pest, Hungary, Peter, son of Töre, Philip Türje, Pilis Mountains, Pope Gregory IX, Pope Honorius III, Pope Innocent III, Pope Innocent IV, Pozsony County, Prelate, Principality of Halych, Raynald of Châtillon, Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom, Roger of Torre Maggiore, Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania, Roman Danylovich, Rostislav Mikhailovich, Royal servant (Kingdom of Hungary), Sajó, Sárospatak, Second Bulgarian Empire, Seniorate Province, Simon Kacsics, Slavonia, Smaragd of Kalocsa, Sopron County, Split, Croatia, Starý Tekov, Stefan Uroš I, Stephen I Gutkeled, Stephen the Posthumous, Stephen V of Hungary, Steyr, Székesfehérvár, Szepes County, Ten-lanced nobles, Theodore I Laskaris, Third order, Third Order of Saint Francis, Tisza, Transylvania, Trogir, Upper Hungary, Várhegy, Veľký Šariš, Veneration, Verecke Pass, Vidin, Visegrád, Volga River, Władysław Opolski, Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Yolanda de Courtenay, Yolanda of Poland, Zadar, Zagreb, Zvolen. Expand index (137 more) »
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula.
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Agnes of Antioch
Agnes of Antioch (1154 – c. 1184) was a Queen of Hungary from 1172 until 1184 as the first wife of Béla III.
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Alice of Antioch
Alice of Jerusalem (also Haalis, Halis, or Adelicia; c. 1110 - after 1136) was a Princess consort of Antioch by marriage to Bohemond II of Antioch.
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Andrew II of Hungary
Andrew II (II., Andrija II., Ondrej II., Андрій II; 117721 September 1235), also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235.
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Andrew of Hungary, Prince of Halych
Andrew of Hungary (András; 12101233 or 1234) was Prince of Halych between 1227 and 1229, and between 1231 and 1233 or 1234, and Prince of Zvenyhorod in 1226.
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Anna of Hungary, Duchess of Macsó
Anna of Hungary (born 1226) was a daughter of Béla IV of Hungary and his wife, Maria Laskarina.
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Árpád dynasty
The Árpáds or Arpads (Árpádok, Arpadovići, translit, Arpádovci, Arpatlar) was the ruling dynasty of the Principality of Hungary in the 9th and 10th centuries and of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1301.
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Ögedei Khan
Ögedei (also Ogodei; translit, Mongolian: Ögedei, Ögüdei;; c.1185– 11 December 1241), was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, succeeding his father.
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Šubić
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir (Varvaria) in inland Dalmatia.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Banate of Bosnia
The Banate of Bosnia (Bosanska banovina, banovina Bosna/Босанска бановина, бановина Босна) was a medieval state based in what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Banate of Macsó
The Banate of Macsó or the Banate of Mačva was an administrative division (banate) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day Mačva region of Serbia.
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Banate of Severin
The Banate of Severin or Banate of Szörény (szörényi bánság; Banatul Severinului; Banatus Zewrinensis; Северинско банство., Severinsko banstvo; Северинска бановина, Severinska banovina) was a political, military and administrative unit with a special role in initially anti-Bulgarian, latterly anti-Ottoman defensive system of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
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Battle of Isaszeg (1265)
The Battle of Isaszeg was fought between King Béla IV of Hungary and his son, Stephen, who served as Junior King and Duke of Transylvania.
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Battle of Kressenbrunn
The Battle of Kressenbrunn was fought in July 1260 near Groissenbrunn in Lower Austria between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary for the possession of the duchies of Austria and Styria.
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Battle of Mohi
The Battle of Mohi (today Muhi), also known as Battle of the Sajó RiverA Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol.
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Battle of the Leitha River
The Battle of the Leitha River was fought on 15 June 1246 near the banks of the Leitha river between the forces of the King Béla IV of Hungary and Duke Frederick II of Austria.
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Batu Khan
Batu Khan (Бат хаан, Bat haan, Бату хан, Bá dū, хан Баты́й, Μπατού; c. 1207–1255), also known as Sain Khan (Good Khan, Сайн хаан, Sayn hân) and Tsar Batu, was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire.
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Béla II of Hungary
Béla the Blind (Vak Béla; Bela Slijepi; Belo Slepý; 1109 – 13 February 1141) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1131.
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Béla III of Hungary
Béla III (III., Bela III, Belo III; 114823 April 1196) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1172 and 1196.
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Béla, Duke of Slavonia
Béla (1243 or 1249 –1269) was the youngest and favorite child of King Béla IV of Hungary.
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Böszörmény
Böszörmény, also Izmaelita (Hysmaelita / Ishmaelites) or Szerecsen (Saracens), is a name for the Muslims who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 10–13th centuries.
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Beatrice d'Este, Queen of Hungary
Beatrice d'Este (1215 – before 8 May 1245) was Queen consort of Hungary as the third wife of King Andrew II of Hungary.
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Belgrade
Belgrade (Beograd / Београд, meaning "White city",; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia.
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Berke
Berke Khan (died 1266) (also Birkai) was the ruler of the Golden Horde (division of the Mongol Empire) who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Horde from 1257 to 1266.
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Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)
Berthold (c. 1180 – 23 May 1251) was the Count of Andechs (as Berthold V) from 1204, the Archbishop of Kalocsa from 1206 until 1218, and from 1218 the Patriarch of Aquileia until his death.
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Berthold, Duke of Merania
Berthold IV (c. 1159 – 12 August 1204), a member of the House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Berthold II).
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Bohemond II of Antioch
Bohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130.
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Bolesław the Pious
Bolesław the Pious (Bolesław Pobożny) (1224/27 – 14 April 1279) was a Duke of Greater Poland during 1239–1247 (according to some historians during 1239–1241 sole Duke of Ujście), Duke of Kalisz during 1247–1249, Duke of Gniezno during 1249–1250, Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz during 1253–1257, Duke of whole Greater Poland and Poznań during 1257–1273, in 1261 ruler over Ląd, regent of the Duchies of Mazovia, Płock and Czersk during 1262–1264, ruler over Bydgoszcz during 1268–1273, Duke of Inowrocław during 1271–1273, and Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz from 1273 until his death.
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Bolesław V the Chaste
Bolesław V the Chaste (Bolesław Wstydliwy; 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279) was a Duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland from 1232 and High Duke of Poland from 1243 until his death, as the last male representant of the Piast Lesser Poland branch.
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Boril of Bulgaria
Boril (Борил) was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1207 to 1218.
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Braničevo (Golubac)
Braničevo is a village in the municipality of Golubac, Serbia.
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Braničevo (region)
Braničevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Браничево) is a geographical region in east-central Serbia.
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Bratislava
Bratislava (Preßburg or Pressburg, Pozsony) is the capital of Slovakia.
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Bryan Cartledge
Sir Bryan Cartledge (born 10 June 1931), is a former British diplomat and academic.
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Buda
Buda was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube.
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Budapest
Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.
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By the Grace of God
By the Grace of God (Latin Dei Gratia, abbreviated D.G.) is an introductory part of the full styles of a monarch historically considered to be ruling by divine right, not a title in its own right.
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Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Chronicon Pictum
The Chronicon Pictum (Latin for illustrated chronicle, Illuminated Chronicle or Vienna Illuminated Chronicle, Képes Krónika also referred to as Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon (Hungariae) Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the second half of fourteenth century.
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Cistercians
A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order (abbreviated as OCist, SOCist ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis), or ‘’’OCSO’’’ (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), which are religious orders of monks and nuns. They are also known as “Trappists”; as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuccula" or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks. The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking to restore the simpler lifestyle of the original Cistercians began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, leading eventually to the Holy See’s reorganization in 1892 of reformed houses into a single order Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), commonly called the Trappists. Cistercians who did not observe these reforms became known as the Cistercians of the Original Observance. The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Eastern Europe. The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life exactly as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture. Additionally, in relation to fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering and metallurgy, the Cistercians became the main force of technological diffusion in medieval Europe. The Cistercians were adversely affected in England by the Protestant Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII, the French Revolution in continental Europe, and the revolutions of the 18th century, but some survived and the order recovered in the 19th century.
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Codlea
Codlea (Zeiden; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Zäöeden; Feketehalom) is a city in Brașov County, central Romania.
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Coloman of Galicia
Coloman of Galicia (Kálmán; Коломан; 1208 – 1241) was the rulerfrom 1214 prince, and from 1215 or 1216 to 1221 kingof Halych, and duke of Slavonia from 1226 to his death.
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Constance of Antioch
Constance of Hauteville (1128–1163) was the ruling Princess of Antioch from 1130 to 1163.
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Croatia
Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.
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Croatia in union with Hungary
The Kingdom of Croatia (Regnum Croatiae; Hrvatsko kraljevstvo or Kraljevina Hrvatska) entered a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary in 1102, after a period of rule of kings from the Trpimirović and Svetoslavić dynasties and a succession crisis following the death of king Demetrius Zvonimir.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Cumania
The name Cumania originated as the Latin exonym for the Cuman-Kipchak confederation, which was a Turkic confederation in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe, between the 10th and 13th centuries.
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Cumans
The Cumans (Polovtsi) were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation.
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Dalmatia
Dalmatia (Dalmacija; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia and Istria.
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Daniel of Galicia
Daniel of Galicia (Данило Романович (Галицький): Danylo Romanovych (Halytskyi); Old Ruthenian: Данило Романовичъ: Danylo Romanovyčъ; Daniel I Romanowicz Halicki; 1201 – 1264) was a King of Ruthenia, Prince (Knyaz) of Galicia (Halych) (1205–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr (1212–1231).
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Denis, son of Ampud
Denis, son of Ampud, also Denis, son of Apod (Ampod fia Dénes; died 1236), was an influential baron in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century.
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Domald of Sidraga
Domald of Sidraga (1160–1243) was an influential Dalmatian nobleman.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Drava
The Drava or Drave by Jürgen Utrata (2014).
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Duchy of Austria
The Duchy of Austria (Herzogtum Österreich) was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right.
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Duchy of Greater Poland
The Duchy of Greater Poland was a historical Polish province established in 1138 according to the Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty.
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Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (Herzogtum Steiermark; Vojvodina Štajerska; Stájer Hercegség) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia.
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Duke of Slavonia
The Duke of Slavonia (dux Slavoniae, also dux Dalmatiae et Croatiae, in translation duke of Dalmatia and Croatia) was a title of nobility granted several times in the 13th and 14th centuries to relatives of Hungarian monarchs or other noblemen.
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Duke of Transylvania
The Duke of Transylvania (erdélyi herceg; dux Transylvaniae) was a title of nobility four times granted to a son or a brother of the Hungarian monarch.
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Eastern Hungarians
The term Eastern Magyars (Keleti magyarok; or "Eastern Hungarians") is used in scholarship to refer to peoples related to the Proto-Hungarians, that is, theoretically parts of the ancient community that remained in the Ural Mountains (at the European–Asian border) during the Migration Period and as such did not participate in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.
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Elizabeth of Hungary
Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, T.O.S.F. (Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia or Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary, Landgravine of Thuringia, Germany, and a greatly venerated Catholic saint who was an early member of the Third Order of St. Francis, by which she is honored as its patroness.
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Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Bavaria
Elizabeth of Hungary (1236 – 24 October 1271) was a daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and his wife Maria Laskarina.
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Elizabeth the Cuman
Elizabeth the Cuman (1244-1290) was the Queen consort of Stephen V of Hungary.
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Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, and sometimes surprising or satirical statement.
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Esztergom
Esztergom (Gran, Ostrihom, known by alternative names), is a city in northern Hungary, northwest of the capital Budapest.
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Euphrosyne of Kiev
Euphrosyne of Kiev (also Euphrosine of Novgorod; c. 1130 – c. 1193) was Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to King Géza II of Hungary.
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Eurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
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Fifth Crusade
The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was an attempt by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt.
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Fortress of Klis
The Klis Fortress (Tvrđava Klis) is a medieval fortress situated above a village bearing the same name, near the city of Split, in central Dalmatia, Croatia. From its origin as a small stronghold built by the ancient Illyrian tribe Dalmatae, becoming a royal castle that was the seat of many Croatian kings, to its final development as a large fortress during the Ottoman wars in Europe, Klis Fortress has guarded the frontier, being lost and re-conquered several times throughout its more-than-two-thousand-year-long history. Due to its location on a pass that separates the mountains Mosor and Kozjak, the fortress served as a major source of defense in Dalmatia, especially against the Ottoman advance, and has been a key crossroad between the Mediterranean belt and the Balkan rear.
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Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Frederick II, Duke of Austria
Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 25 April 1211 – 15 June 1246), known as Frederick the Quarrelsome (Friedrich der Streitbare), was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1230 until his death.
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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.
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Friar Julian
Friar Julian (Julianus barát) was one of a group of Hungarian Dominican friars who, in 1235, left Hungary in order to find those Magyars who — according to the chronicles — remained in the eastern homeland.
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Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (ukr. Галицько-Волинський літопис) is a historical record covering 1201–1292 in the history of the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia (in modern Ukraine).
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Géza II of Hungary
Géza II (II.; Gejza II; Gejza II; 113031 May 1162) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1141 to 1162.
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Gertrude of Austria
Gertrude of Austria (also named Gertrude of Babenberg) (1226 – 24 April 1288) was a member of the House of Babenberg, Duchess of Mödling and later titular Duchess of Austria and Styria.
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Gertrude of Merania
Gertrude of Merania (1185 – 28 September 1213) was Queen of Hungary as the first wife of Andrew II from 1205 until her assassination.
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Golden Bull of 1222
The Golden Bull of 1222 was a golden bull, or edict, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary.
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Gradec, Zagreb
Gradec, Grič (Gréc, Mons Graecensis prope Zagrabiam) or Gornji Grad (meaning "Upper Town", cf. Donji grad, "Lower Town") is a part of Zagreb, Croatia, and together with Kaptol it is the medieval nucleus of the city.
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Hainburg an der Donau
Hainburg an der Donau is a town in the Bruck an der Leitha district, Lower Austria, Austria.
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Halych
Halych (Halyč; Halici; Halicz; Galič; Halytsch) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine.
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Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary
Helena of Serbia (Јелена/Jelena, Ilona; b. after 1109 – after 1146) was Queen of Hungary as the wife of King Béla II, who reigned from 1131 to 1141.
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Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria
Henry I of Lower Bavaria, member of the Wittelsbach dynasty (19 November 1235 – 3 February 1290 in Burghausen) was Duke of Lower Bavaria.
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History of the Jews in Hungary
Jews have a long history in the country now known as Hungary, with some records even predating the AD 895 Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin by over 600 years.
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Holy Land
The Holy Land (Hebrew: אֶרֶץ הַקּוֹדֶשׁ, Terra Sancta; Arabic: الأرض المقدسة) is an area roughly located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that also includes the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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Hungarian nobility
The Hungarian nobility consisted of a privileged group of people, most of whom owned landed property, in the Kingdom of Hungary.
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John, Archbishop of Esztergom
John (János; died November 1223) was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 12th and 13th centuries.
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Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202.
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Julius I Kán
Julius (I) from the kindred Kán (Kán nembeli (I.) Gyula; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Emeric, Ladislaus III and Andrew II.
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Kadan
Kadan (also Qadan) was the son of the second Great Khan of the Mongols Ögedei and a concubine.
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Köten
Köten (Котян, Kötöny, Kutan; 1223–41) was a Cuman–Kipchak chieftain (khan) and military commander active in the mid-13th century.
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Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Old Turkic: kaɣan; хаан, khaan) is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic and Mongolian languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire).
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King of Hungary
The King of Hungary (magyar király) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918.
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Kinga of Poland
Saint Kinga of Poland (also known as Cunegunda; Święta Kinga, Szent Kinga) (5 March 1224 – 24 July 1292) is a saint in the Catholic Church and patroness of Poland and Lithuania.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).
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Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the Polish state from the coronation of the first King Bolesław I the Brave in 1025 to the union with Lithuania and the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty in 1385.
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Klis
Klis (Klis, Clissa, Kilis) is a Croatian town located around a mountain fortress bearing the same name.
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Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.
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Konstantin Tih
Konstantin Tih (Константин Тих Асен; 1257–77) or Constantine I (Константин I), was the emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1257 to 1277.
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Kunigunda of Halych
Kunigunda Rostislavna (1245 – 9 September 1285; Czech: Kunhuta Uherská or Kunhuta Haličská) was Queen consort of Bohemia and its Regent from 1278 until her death.
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Leo I of Galicia
Leo I of Galicia (Лев Дани́лович, Lev Danylovych) (c. 1228 – c. 1301) was a Knyaz (prince) of Belz (1245–1264), Peremyshl, Halych (1264–1269), Grand Prince of Kiev (1271–1301) and King of Galicia-Volhynia.
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Leszek II the Black
Leszek II the Black (c. 1241 – 30 September 1288), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast, Duke of Sieradz since 1261, Duke of Łęczyca since 1267, Duke of Inowrocław during 1273-1278, Duke of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland since 1279.
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List of Bohemian monarchs
This is a list of Bohemian monarchs now also referred to as list of Czech monarchs who ruled as Dukes and Kings of Bohemia.
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List of Byzantine emperors
This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
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List of rulers of Croatia
The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented: c.626, Croats migrate from White Croatia (around what is now Galicia) at the invitation of Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius.
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Louis IX of France
Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis, was King of France and is a canonized Catholic and Anglican saint.
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Lviv
Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.
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Magna Hungaria
Magna Hungaria (Magna Hungaria, Hungaria maior, Nagy-Magyarország, Wielkie Węgry), literally "Great Hungary" or "Ancient Hungary", refers to the ancestral home of the Hungarians.
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Margaret Island
Margaret Island (Margit-sziget; Margareteninsel; Kızadası) is a long island, wide, (in area) in the middle of the Danube in central Budapest, Hungary.
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Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia
Margaret of Austria (Margarethe von Österreich; – 29 October 1266), a member of the House of Babenberg, was German queen from 1225 until 1235, by her first marriage with King Henry (VII), and Queen of Bohemia from 1253 to 1260, by her second marriage with King Ottokar II.
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Margaret of Hungary (saint)
Saint Margaret, O.P., (January 27, 1242 – January 18, 1270) was a Dominican nun and the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.
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Margraviate of Moravia
The Margraviate of Moravia (Markrabství moravské; Markgrafschaft Mähren) or March of Moravia was a marcher state existing from 1182 to 1918 and one of the lands of the Bohemian Crown.
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Maria Laskarina
Maria Laskarina (c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to Béla IV of Hungary.
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Mass hysteria
In sociology and psychology, mass hysteria (also known as collective hysteria, group hysteria, or collective obsessional behavior) is a phenomenon that transmits collective illusions of threats, whether real or imaginary, through a population in society as a result of rumors and fear (memory acknowledgement).
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Michael II Asen
Michael II Asen (Михаил II Асен; 1239 – December 1256/January 1257) was emperor (or tsar) of Bulgaria from 1246 to 1256 or 1257.
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Michael Kacsics
Michael from the kindred Kacsics (Kacsics nembeli Mihály, Mihovil Kačić; died after 1228) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman from the gens Kacsics (Kačić).
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Military order (monastic society)
A military order (Militaris ordinis) is a chivalric order with military elements.
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Mongol invasion of Europe
The Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century was the conquest of Europe by the Mongol Empire, by way of the destruction of East Slavic principalities, such as Kiev and Vladimir. The Mongol invasions also occurred in Central Europe, which led to warfare among fragmented Poland, such as the Battle of Legnica (9 April 1241) and in the Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241) in the Kingdom of Hungary. The operations were planned by General Subutai (1175–1248) and commanded by Batu Khan (1207–1255) and Kadan (d. 1261). Both men were grandsons of Genghis Khan; their conquests integrated much European territory to the empire of the Golden Horde. Warring European princes realized they had to cooperate in the face of a Mongol invasion, so local wars and conflicts were suspended in parts of central Europe, only to be resumed after the Mongols had withdrawn.
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Mongols
The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
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Mstislav I of Kiev
Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great (Мстислав Владимирович Великий, Мстислав Володимирович Великий, Мсціслаў Уладзіміравіч Вялікі) (June 1, 1076, Turov – April 14, 1132, Kiev) was the Grand Prince of Kiev (1125–1132), the eldest son of Vladimir II Monomakh by Gytha of Wessex.
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Nitra
Nitra (also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra.
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Olomouc
Olomouc (locally Holomóc or Olomóc; Olmütz; Latin: Olomucium or Iuliomontium; Ołomuniec; Alamóc) is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic.
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Otto III, Duke of Bavaria
Otto III (11 February 1261 – 9 November 1312), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was the Duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 to 1312 and the King of Hungary and Croatia between 1305 and 1307.
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Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II (Přemysl Otakar II; c. 1233 – 26 August 1278), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278.
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Pannonhalma Archabbey
The Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey or Territorial Abbey of Pannonhalma (lat. Archiabbatia or Abbatia Territorialis Sancti Martini in Monte Pannoniae) is a medieval building in Pannonhalma, one of the oldest historical monuments in Hungary.
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Pest, Hungary
Pest is the eastern, mostly flat part of Budapest, Hungary, comprising about two thirds of the city's territory.
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Peter, son of Töre
Peter, son of Töre (Töre fia Péter; executed in 1213) was a Hungarian lord, who served as judge royal in 1198, during the reign of King Emeric.
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Philip Türje
Philip from the kindred Türje (Türje nembeli Fülöp), also known as, albeit incorrectly, Philip of Szentgrót (Szentgróti Fülöp; died 18 December 1272) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1247 or 1248 to 1262, and as Archbishop of Esztergom from 1262 until his death.
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Pilis Mountains
The Pilis Mountains is a mountainous region in the Transdanubian Mountains.
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Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX Gregorius IX (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241.
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Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III (1150 – 18 March 1227), born as Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death in 1227.
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Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216.
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Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV (Innocentius IV; c. 1195 – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.
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Pozsony County
Pozsony county was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.
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Prelate
A prelate is a high-ranking member of the clergy who is an ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries.
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Principality of Halych
Principality of Halych (Галицьке князівство, Галицкоє кънѧжьство, Cnezatul Halici) was a Kievan Rus' principality established by members of the oldest line of Yaroslav the Wise descendants.
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Raynald of Châtillon
Raynald of Châtillon, also known as Reynald or Reginald of Châtillon (Renaud de Châtillon; 1125 – 4 July 1187), was Prince of Antioch from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain from 1175 until his death.
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Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom
Robert (Róbert; died 1 November 1239) was a French-born prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century.
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Roger of Torre Maggiore
Roger of Torre Maggiore or Master Roger (Rogerius mester; 1205 in Torre Maggiore – April 14, 1266 in Split) was an Italian prelate active in the Kingdom of Hungary in the middle of the 13th century.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania was a Latin-rite bishopric west of the Siret River (in present-day Romania) from 1228 to 1241.
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Roman Danylovich
Roman Danylovich (c. 1230 – c. 1261), Prince of Black Ruthenia (Navahradak) 1254–1258, Prince of Slonim?.
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Rostislav Mikhailovich
Rostislav Mikhailovich (Rosztyiszláv, Bulgarian and Russian: Ростислав Михайлович) (after 1210 / c. 1225 – 1262) was a Rus' prince (a member of the Rurik dynasty), and a dignitary in the Kingdom of Hungary.
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Royal servant (Kingdom of Hungary)
A royal servant (szerviens, serviens regis) was a freeman in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century who owned possession and was subordinate only to the king.
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Sajó
The Sajó (Hungarian) or Slaná (Slovak) is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.
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Sárospatak
---- Sárospatak (Potok am Bodroch; Šarišský Potok, Blatný Potok) (English rough translation: Muddy Stream or Muddy Brook on the Bodrog) is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, northern Hungary.
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Second Bulgarian Empire
The Second Bulgarian Empire (Второ българско царство, Vtorо Bălgarskо Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396.
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Seniorate Province
Seniorate Province, also known as the Senioral Province (Dzielnica senioralna), Duchy of Kraków (Księstwo krakowskie), Duchy of Cracow, Principality of Cracow, Principality of Kraków, was the superior among the five provinces established in 1138 according to the Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty.
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Simon Kacsics
Simon from the kindred Kacsics (Kacsics nembeli Simon, Šimun Kačić; died after 1228) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman from the gens Kacsics (Kačić).
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Slavonia
Slavonia (Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia.
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Smaragd of Kalocsa
Smaragd (III) from the kindred Smaragd (Smaragd nembeli (III.) Smaragd; died July 1266) was a Hungarian prelate from the ''gens'' Smaragd, who served as archbishop of Kalocsa from 1257 to 1265.
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Sopron County
Sopron (German: Ödenburg) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day eastern Austria and northwestern Hungary.
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Split, Croatia
Split (see other names) is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia. It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea and is spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings. An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination, the city is linked to the Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula. Home to Diocletian's Palace, built for the Roman emperor in 305 CE, the city was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 3rd or 2nd century BC. It became a prominent settlement around 650 CE when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, Salona. After the Sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs, the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by the Roman refugees. Split became a Byzantine city, to later gradually drift into the sphere of the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia, with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty. For much of the High and Late Middle Ages, Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city, caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and the King of Hungary for control over the Dalmatian cities. Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city, a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory. Its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699, and in 1797, as Venice fell to Napoleon, the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and in 1806 it was included in the French Empire, becoming part of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809. After being occupied in 1813, it was eventually granted to the Austrian Empire following the Congress of Vienna, where the city remained a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and the formation of Yugoslavia. In World War II, the city was annexed by Italy, then liberated by the Partisans after the Italian capitulation in 1943. It was then re-occupied by Germany, which granted it to its puppet Independent State of Croatia. The city was liberated again by the Partisans in 1944, and was included in the post-war Socialist Yugoslavia, as part of its republic of Croatia. In 1991, Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia amid the Croatian War of Independence.
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Starý Tekov
Starý Tekov (Bersenberg, also Altbarsch, Altbersenberg, (Alt-)Bersenburg, in earlier times also Berschenberg, Alt Berschenburg, Óbars) is a village and municipality in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of Slovakia.
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Stefan Uroš I
Stefan Uroš I (Стефан Урош I; 1223 – May 1, 1277), known as Uroš the Great (Урош Велики) was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav.
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Stephen I Gutkeled
Stephen (I) from the kindred Gutkeled (Gutkeled nembeli (I.) István, Stephan von Agram; died 1259) was a Hungarian influential lord, an early prominent member of the ''gens'' Gutkeled and ancestor of its Majád branch.
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Stephen the Posthumous
Stephen the Posthumous (1236–1271) was the posthumous son of King Andrew II of Hungary by his third wife, Beatrice d'Este.
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Stephen V of Hungary
Stephen V (V., Stjepan V., Štefan V; before 18 October 1239 – 6 August 1272, Csepel Island) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260.
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Steyr
Steyr is a statutory city, located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria.
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Székesfehérvár
The city of Székesfehérvár, known colloquially as Fehérvár ("white castle") (located in central Hungary, is the ninth largest city of the country; regional capital of Central Transdanubia; and the centre of Fejér county and Székesfehérvár District. The area is an important rail and road junction between Lake Balaton and Lake Velence. Székesfehérvár, a royal residence (székhely), as capital of the Kingdom of Hungary, held a central role in the Middle Ages. As required by the Doctrine of the Holy Crown, the first kings of Hungary were crowned and buried here. Significant trade routes led to the Balkans and Italy, and to Buda and Vienna. Historically the city has come under Turkish, German and Russian control and the city is known by translations of "white castle" in these languages: (Stuhlweißenburg; Столни Београд; İstolni Belgrad).
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Szepes County
Szepes (Spiš; Scepusium, Spisz, Zips) was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary, called Scepusium before the late 19th century.
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Ten-lanced nobles
The ten-lanced nobles (tízlándzsások), also Szepes lancers or Spiš lancers, were group of conditional noblemen living in the Szepes region of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Spiš in Slovakia).
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Theodore I Laskaris
Theodoros I Komnenos Laskaris (Θεόδωρος Α' Λάσκαρις, Theodōros I Laskaris; c. 1174/5 – 1221/August 1222) was the first Emperor of Nicaea (reigned 1204/05–1221/22).
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Third order
In relation to religious orders, a third order is an association of persons who live according to the ideals and spirit of a Catholic, Anglican, or Lutheran religious order, but do not belong to its "first order" (generally, in the Catholic Church, the male religious: for example Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelite and Augustinian friars), or its "second order" (contemplative female religious associated with the "first order").
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Third Order of Saint Francis
The Third Order of Saint Francis, historically known as the Order of Penance of Saint Francis, is a third order within the Franciscan movement of the Catholic Church.
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Tisza
The Tisza or Tisa is one of the main rivers of Central Europe.
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Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.
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Trogir
Trogir (Tragurium; Traù; Ancient Greek: Τραγύριον, Tragyrion or Τραγούριον, Tragourion Trogkir) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 10,818 (2011) and a total municipality population of 13,260 (2011).
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Upper Hungary
Upper Hungary is the usual English translation of Felvidék (lit.: "Upland"), the Hungarian term for the area that was historically the northern part of the Kingdom of Hungary, now mostly present-day Slovakia.
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Várhegy
Várhegy is an area of Budapest, Hungary, located in the I. District of Buda Castle.
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Veľký Šariš
Veľký Šariš (Groß-Scharosch; Nagysáros) is a small town near Prešov in eastern Slovakia.
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Veneration
Veneration (Latin veneratio or dulia, Greek δουλεία, douleia), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness.
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Verecke Pass
Verecke Pass or Veretsky Pass (Вере́цький перевал; transcribed: Veretskyy pereval, more formally: перевал Середньоверецький, pereval Serednioveretskyy, also known as: Ворі́тський перевал, transcribed: Vorítskyy pereval; Vereckei-hágó) is a mountain pass in Ukraine, one of the most important passes of the Inner Eastern Carpathian Mountains.
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Vidin
Vidin (Видин) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.
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Visegrád
Visegrád is a small castle town in Pest County, Hungary.
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Volga River
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe.
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Władysław Opolski
Władysław of Opole (Władysław opolski) (– 27 August/13 September 1281/2) was a Duke of Kalisz during 1234–1244, Duke of Wieluń from 1234 to 1249 and Duke of Opole–Racibórz from 1246 until his death.
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Wenceslaus III of Bohemia
Wenceslaus III (Václav III., Vencel, Wacław, Václav; 6 October 12894 August 1306) was King of Hungary between 1301 and 1305, and King of Bohemia and Poland from 1305.
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Yolanda de Courtenay
Yolanda de Courtenay (c. 1200 – June 1233), was a Queen of Hungary as the second wife of King Andrew II of Hungary.
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Yolanda of Poland
Blessed Yolanda of Poland (also known as Helen; 1235 – 11 June 1298) was the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.
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Zadar
Zadar (see other names) is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city.
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Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of Croatia.
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Zvolen
Zvolen (Zólyom; Altsohl) is a town in central Slovakia, situated on the confluence of Hron and Slatina rivers, close to Banská Bystrica.
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Redirects here:
Bela IV, Bela IV of Hungary, Belo IV, Béla III of Croatia, Béla IV.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Béla_IV_of_Hungary
