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85 relations: Acid, Aerobic organism, Alkali, Anaerobic organism, Antigenicity, Émile van Ermengem, Bacillus, Bacillus (shape), Bacteria, Biological agent, Botulinum toxin, Botulism, California, Canning, Cerebrospinal fluid, Clostridia, Clostridiaceae, Clostridium, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium sporogenes, Corn syrup, Crystal violet, Cycloserine, Digestion, Digoxigenin, DNA, Electromyography, ELISA, Endospore, Firmicutes, Fish, Flaccid paralysis, Food industry, Genotype, Gram-positive bacteria, Great Lakes, Green bean, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Ham, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Honey, Horizontal gene transfer, Horse, Ida A. Bengtson, Lactose, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Level of measurement, Lipase, Mayo Clinic, Mesophile, ..., Monoclonal antibody, Motility, Myasthenia gravis, Neurotoxin, New Mexico, Obligate anaerobe, Off-label use, Orders of magnitude (mass), Oxygen, Oxygen scavenger, Pathogenic bacteria, PH, Phenotype, Protein, Queensland, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Ribosomal RNA, Rome, Sediment, Serotype, Soil, Species, Spore, Stroke, Sugar, Superoxide dismutase, Survey methodology, Sydney, Tasmania, Toxin, Trigeminal neuralgia, Urban area, Victoria (Australia), Wellcome Sanger Institute, World population. Expand index (35 more) »
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).
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Aerobic organism
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.
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Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: al-qaly “ashes of the saltwort”) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chemical element.
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Anaerobic organism
An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.
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Antigenicity
Antigenicity is the capacity of a chemical structure (either an antigen or hapten) to bind specifically with a group of certain products that have adaptive immunity: T cell receptors or antibodies (a.k.a. B cell receptors).
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Émile van Ermengem
Émile Pierre-Marie van Ermengem (1851–1932, or 1851–1922 according to some sources) was a Belgian bacteriologist who, in 1895, isolated Clostridium botulinum, the bacterium that causes botulism, from a piece of ham that had poisoned thirty four people.
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Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.
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Bacillus (shape)
A bacillus (plural bacilli) or bacilliform bacterium is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Biological agent
A biological agent—also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon—is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, or fungus that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterrorism or biological warfare (BW).
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Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin (BTX) or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.
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Botulism
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Canning
Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food contents are processed and sealed in an airtight container.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
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Clostridia
The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Firmicutes, including Clostridium and other similar genera.
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Clostridiaceae
The Clostridiaceae are a family of the bacterial class Clostridia, and contain the genus Clostridium.
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Clostridium
Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agent of botulism and an important cause of diarrhea, Clostridium difficile.
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Clostridium beijerinckii
Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Clostridium.
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Clostridium sporogenes
Clostridium sporogenes is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to the genus Clostridium.
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Corn syrup
Corn syrup is a food syrup which is made from the starch of corn (called maize in some countries) and contains varying amounts of maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade.
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Crystal violet
Crystal violet or gentian violet (also known as methyl violet 10B or hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride) is a triarylmethane dye used as a histological stain and in Gram's method of classifying bacteria.
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Cycloserine
Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis.
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Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.
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Digoxigenin
Digoxigenin (DIG) is a steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants Digitalis purpurea, Digitalis orientalis and Digitalis lanata (foxgloves), where it is attached to sugars, to form the glycosides (e.g. Lanatoside C).
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.
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ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.
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Endospore
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.
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Firmicutes
The Firmicutes (Latin: firmus, strong, and cutis, skin, referring to the cell wall) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Flaccid paralysis
Flaccid paralysis is an illness characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).
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Food industry
The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world population.
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Genotype
The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.
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Great Lakes
The Great Lakes (les Grands-Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.
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Green bean
Green beans are the unripe, young fruit and protective pods of various cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
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Guillain–Barré syndrome
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.
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Ham
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking.
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Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism.
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Honey
Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.
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Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.
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Horse
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''.
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Ida A. Bengtson
Ida Albertina Bengtson (1881 – 1952) was an American bacteriologist, known for her work with anaerobic organisms.
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Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide.
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Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs.
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Level of measurement
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables.
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Lipase
A lipase is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).
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Mayo Clinic
The Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit academic medical center based in Rochester, Minnesota focused on integrated clinical practice, education, and research.
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Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, typically between.
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Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
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Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.
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Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
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Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are toxins that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity).
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2).
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Off-label use
Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.
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Orders of magnitude (mass)
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−40 kg and 1053 kg.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Oxygen scavenger
Oxygen scavengers or oxygen absorbers are added to enclosed packaging to help remove or decrease the level of oxygen in the package.
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Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Queensland
Queensland (abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia.
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Real-time polymerase chain reaction
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR), also known as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
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Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals.
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Soil
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
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Superoxide dismutase
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O2&minus) radical into either ordinary molecular oxygen (O2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
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Survey methodology
A field of applied statistics of human research surveys, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and associated techniques of survey data collection, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys.
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Sydney
Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.
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Tasmania
Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as Tassie) is an island state of Australia.
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Toxin
A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.
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Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN) is a chronic pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve.
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Urban area
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.
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Victoria (Australia)
Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in south-eastern Australia.
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Wellcome Sanger Institute
The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously known as The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute, primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust.
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World population
In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living, and was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion people as of May 2018.
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Redirects here:
Bacillus botulinus, Botulinum spores, C. bot, C. botulinum, C.botulinum, Cl. botulinum.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum
