Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. ^[1]

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Table of Contents

1. 246 relations: Academic Press, Acrosome, Action potential, Agar plate, Ageing, Alzheimer's disease, American Society for Microbiology, Andrew Fire, Androdioecy, Animal testing on invertebrates, Annual Review of Biochemistry, Annual Reviews (publisher), Anthranilic acid, Apoptosis, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Asexual reproduction, Asymmetric cell division, Autogamy, Autosome, Émile Maupas, Bacterivore, Base pair, Bergerac, Dordogne, Bioluminescence, Body cavity, Bristol, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis brenneri, Caenorhabditis briggsae, Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus, Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus, Caenorhabditis japonica, Caenorhabditis remanei, Caretaker gene, Cell polarity, Cellular differentiation, Chemico-Biological Interactions, Chemotaxis, Cholinergic, Chordate, Circadian rhythm, Cleavage (embryo), Coelom, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Collagen, Comparative genomics, Compost, Connectome, Craig Mello, ... Expand index (196 more) » « Shrink index

2. Animal models in neuroscience
3. Nematodes described in 1900

Academic Press

Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.

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Acrosome

The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior (front) half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of humans, and many other animals.

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Action potential

An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell rapidly rises and falls.

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Agar plate

An agar plate is a Petri dish that contains a growth medium solidified with agar, used to culture microorganisms.

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Ageing

Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming older.

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Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.

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American Society for Microbiology

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology.

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Andrew Fire

Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

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Androdioecy

Androdioecy is a reproductive system characterized by the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites.

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Animal testing on invertebrates

Most animal testing involves invertebrates, especially Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, and Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode.

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Annual Review of Biochemistry

Annual Review of Biochemistry is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, a nonprofit scientific publisher.

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Annual Reviews (publisher)

Annual Reviews is an independent, non-profit academic publishing company based in San Mateo, California.

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Anthranilic acid

Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste.

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.

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Arthrobotrys oligospora

Arthrobotrys oligospora was discovered in Europe in 1850 by Georg Fresenius.

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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (also known as AhR, AHR, ahr, ahR, AH receptor, or as the dioxin receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHR gene.

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Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

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Asymmetric cell division

An asymmetric cell division produces two daughter cells with different cellular fates.

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Autogamy

Autogamy or self-fertilization refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual.

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Autosome

An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

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Émile Maupas

François Émile Maupas (2 July 1842 in Vaudry – 18 October 1916 in Algiers) was a French librarian, protozoologist, cytologist, and botanist.

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Bacterivore

A bacterivore is an organism which obtains energy and nutrients primarily or entirely from the consumption of bacteria.

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Base pair

A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

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Bergerac, Dordogne

Bergerac is a subprefecture of the Dordogne department, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Southwestern France.

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Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms.

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Body cavity

A body cavity is any space or compartment, or potential space, in an animal body.

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Bristol

Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, the most populous city in the region.

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Caenorhabditis

Caenorhabditis is a genus of nematodes which live in bacteria-rich environments like compost piles, decaying dead animals and rotting fruit.

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Caenorhabditis brenneri

Caenorhabditis brenneri is a small nematode, closely related to the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Caenorhabditis briggsae

Caenorhabditis briggsae is a small nematode, closely related to Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus

Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus is a species of retroviruses in the genus Metavirus.

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Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus

Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus is a species of virus in the genus Semotivirus and the family Belpaoviridae.

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Caenorhabditis japonica

Caenorhabditis japonica is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis.

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Caenorhabditis remanei

Caenorhabditis remanei is a species of nematode found in North America and Europe, and likely lives throughout the temperate world.

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Caretaker gene

Caretaker genes encode products that stabilize the genome.

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Cell polarity

Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell.

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Cellular differentiation

Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.

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Chemico-Biological Interactions

Chemico-Biological Interactions is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering toxicological aspects of interactions between chemicals and biological systems.

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Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus.

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Cholinergic

Cholinergic agents are compounds which mimic the action of acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine.

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Chordate

A chordate is a deuterostomic animal belonging to the phylum Chordata. All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them from other taxa.

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Circadian rhythm

A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.

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Cleavage (embryo)

In embryology, cleavage is the division of cells in the early development of the embryo, following fertilization.

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Coelom

The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in many animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.

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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press was founded in 1933 to aid in Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's purpose of furthering the advance and spread of scientific knowledge.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.

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Comparative genomics

Comparative genomics is a branch of biological research that examines genome sequences across a spectrum of species, spanning from humans and mice to a diverse array of organisms from bacteria to chimpanzees.

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Compost

Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties.

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Connectome

A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its "wiring diagram".

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Craig Mello

Craig Cameron Mello (born October 18, 1960) is an American biologist and professor of molecular medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, Massachusetts.

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Cryptochrome

Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins found in plants and animals that are sensitive to blue light.

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Cuticle

A cuticle, or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection.

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Dauer larva

Dauer (German "", English "the enduring", "the duration" in the meaning of "a length of time") describes an alternative developmental stage of nematode worms, particularly rhabditids including Caenorhabditis elegans, whereby the larva goes into a type of stasis and can survive harsh conditions.

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Desiccation

Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.

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Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.

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Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels.

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Discovery, Inc.

Discovery, Inc. was an American multinational mass media factual television conglomerate based in New York City.

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DNA damage theory of aging

The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of unrepaired accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damage.

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DNA repair

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

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Ecdysis

Ecdysis is the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa.

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Eileen Southgate

Eileen Southgate is a British biologist who mapped the complete nervous system of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), together with John White, Nichol Thomson, and Sydney Brenner.

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Ellsworth Dougherty

Ellsworth C. Dougherty (July 21, 1921 – 1965) was a biologist who was first to study the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans in the laboratory, with Victor Nigon, in the 1940s.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.

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Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

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Endocytosis

Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.

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Endoderm

Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

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Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans.

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Epiboly

Epiboly describes one of the five major types of cell movements that occur in the gastrulation stage of embryonic development of some organisms.

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Epidermis

The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.

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Epidermis (zoology)

In zoology, the epidermis is an epithelium (sheet of cells) that covers the body of a eumetazoan (animal more complex than a sponge).

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EPPO Code

An EPPO code, formerly known as a Bayer code, is an encoded identifier that is used by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), in a system designed to uniquely identify organisms – namely plants, pests and pathogens – that are important to agriculture and crop protection.

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Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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Eutely

Eutelic organisms have a fixed number of somatic cells when they reach maturity, the exact number being relatively constant for any one species.

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Excretion

Excretion is elimination of metabolic waste, which is an essential process in all organisms.

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Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω éxō "outer" and σκελετός skeletós "skeleton") is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g.

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Fatigue

Fatigue describes a state of tiredness (which is not sleepiness), exhaustion or loss of energy.

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Flagellum

A flagellum (flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.

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Flatworm

The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.

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Fluorescence

Fluorescence is one of two kinds of emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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G-force

The g-force or gravitational force equivalent is mass-specific force (force per unit mass), expressed in units of standard gravity (symbol g or g0, not to be confused with "g", the symbol for grams).

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GABAergic

In molecular biology and physiology, something is GABAergic or GABAnergic if it pertains to or affects the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

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Gamete

A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.

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Garland Science

Garland Science was a publishing group that specialized in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

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Gastropoda

Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.

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Günther Osche

Günther Osche (also spelled Guenther Osche, born 7 August 1926 in Neustadt an der Weinstraße, died 2 February 2009 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German evolutionary biologist, ecologist and parasitologist.

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Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

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Gene density

In genetics, the gene density of an organism's genome is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs, usually written in terms of a million base pairs, or megabase (Mb).

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.

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Gene knockout

Gene knockouts (also known as gene deletion or gene inactivation) are a widely used genetic engineering technique that involves the targeted removal or inactivation of a specific gene within an organism's genome.

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Gene silencing

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene.

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Genetic transformation

In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).

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Genus

Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.

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Geriatrics

Geriatrics, or geriatric medicine, is a medical specialty focused on providing care for the unique health needs of the elderly.

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Germ cell

A germ cell is any cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.

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Germline

In biology and genetics, the germline is the population of a multicellular organism's cells that develop into germ cells.

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Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)

This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology.

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Glycosylation

Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or 'glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate.

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Gonad

A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism.

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Green fluorescent protein

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range.

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H. Robert Horvitz

Howard Robert Horvitz ForMemRS NAS AAA&S APS NAM (born May 8, 1947) is an American biologist best known for his research on the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston, whose "seminal discoveries concerning the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death" were "important for medical research and have shed new light on the pathogenesis of many diseases".

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Hermaphrodite

A hermaphrodite is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes.

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Holocentric chromosome

Holocentric chromosomes are chromosomes that possess multiple kinetochores along their length rather than the single centromere typical of other chromosomes.

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Homology (biology)

In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.

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Hybrid word

A hybrid word or hybridism is a word that etymologically derives from at least two languages.

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Insect

Insects (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta.

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Insemination

Insemination is the introduction of sperm into a female's reproductive system in order to fertilize the female for sexual reproduction.

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Insulin-like growth factor

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin.

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Intergenic region

An intergenic region is a stretch of DNA sequences located between genes.

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International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada).

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Intron

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product.

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Intronerator

The Intronerator is a database of alternatively spliced genes and a database of introns for Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Isopoda

Isopoda is an order of crustaceans.

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John Sulston

Sir John Edward Sulston (27 March 1942 – 6 March 2018) was a British biologist and academic who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the cell lineage and genome of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans in 2002 with his colleagues Sydney Brenner and Robert Horvitz at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

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Karyotype

A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes.

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Kinetochore

A kinetochore is a disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.

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Larva

A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.

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Late embryogenesis abundant proteins

Late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA proteins) are proteins in plants, and some bacteria and invertebrates, that protect against protein aggregation due to desiccation or osmotic stresses associated with low temperature.

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Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences.

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Linkage disequilibrium

In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a measure of non-random association between segments of DNA (alleles) at different positions on the chromosome (loci) in a given population based on a comparison between the frequency at which two alleles are detected together at the same loci and the frequencies at which each allele is detected at that loci overall, whether it occurs with or without the other allele of interest.

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LITE-1

LITE-1 is a novel photoreceptor found in Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Lithium chloride

Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.

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Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

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Longevity

Longevity may refer to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas life expectancy is defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age.

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Lysosome

A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells.

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Marsupial

Marsupials are a diverse group of mammals belonging to the infraclass Marsupialia.

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Martin Chalfie

Martin Lee Chalfie (born January 15, 1947) is an American scientist.

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Mating

In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

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Mechanotransduction

In cellular biology, mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity.

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Meiosis

Meiosis ((since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid).

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Melanin

Melanin is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms.

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Melanosome

A melanosome is an organelle found in animal cells and is the site for synthesis, storage and transport of melanin, the most common light-absorbing pigment found in the animal kingdom.

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Memory

Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.

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Mesoderm

The mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals.

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Microbivory

Microbivory (adj. microbivorous, microbivore) is a feeding behavior consisting of eating microbes (especially bacteria) practiced by animals of the mesofauna, microfauna and meiofauna.

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MicroRNA

MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides.

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Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming unicellular parasites.

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Microtubule organizing center

The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge.

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Millipede

Millipedes (originating from the Latin mille, "thousand", and pes, "foot") are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Model organism

A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Molecular and Cellular Biology

Molecular and Cellular Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of molecular and cellular biology.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.

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MRE11A

Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MRE11 gene.

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Multicellular organism

A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.

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Muscle atrophy

Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Muscle atrophy

Mutant

In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

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Naganishia albida

Naganishia albida (synonym Cryptococcus albidus) is a species of fungus in the family Filobasidiaceae.

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Nematocida parisii

Nematocida parisii is a parasitic species of Microsporidia fungi found in wild isolates of the common nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Nematocida parisii

Nematode

The nematodes (or; Νηματώδη; Nematoda), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda.

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Nervous system

In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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Neuron

A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Neuron

Nicotine

Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Non-coding RNA

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Non-coding RNA

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Nondisjunction

Notch signaling pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell signaling system present in most animals.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Notch signaling pathway

Nucleotide excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Nucleotide excision repair

Oikopleura dioica

Oikopleura dioica is a species of small pelagic tunicate found in the surface waters of most of the world's oceans.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Oikopleura dioica

Oocyte

An oocyte, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Oocyte

OpenWorm

OpenWorm is an international open science project for the purpose of simulating the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans at the cellular level.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and OpenWorm

Operon

In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Operon

Opsin

Animal opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors and a group of proteins made light-sensitive via a chromophore, typically retinal.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Opsin

Orphan gene

Orphan genes, ORFans, or taxonomically restricted genes (TRGs) are genes that lack a detectable homologue outside of a given species or lineage.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Orphan gene

Orsay virus

Orsay virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects Caenorhabditis elegans nematode.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Orsay virus

Ovary

The ovary is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Ovary

Oviduct

The oviduct in vertebrates is the passageway from an ovary.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Oxford University Press

Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Oxidative stress

Pancreas

The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Pancreas

Papiliotrema laurentii

Papiliotrema laurentii (synonym Cryptococcus laurentii) is a species of fungus in the family Rhynchogastremaceae.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Papiliotrema laurentii

Pharynx

The pharynx (pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Pharynx

Photoreceptor protein

Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Photoreceptor protein

Placentalia

Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia.

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Postdoctoral researcher

A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD).

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Postgraduate education

Postgraduate education, graduate education, or graduate school consists of academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications usually pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Postgraduate education

Presenilin-1

Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is a presenilin protein that in humans is encoded by the PSEN1 gene.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Presenilin-1

Process (anatomy)

In anatomy, a process (processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body.

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Pronucleus

A pronucleus (pronuclei) denotes the nucleus found in either a sperm or egg cell during the process of fertilization.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protostome

Protostomia is the clade of animals once thought to be characterized by the formation of the organism's mouth before its anus during embryonic development.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.

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Reproduction

Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Reproduction

Retrotransposon

Retrotransposons (also called Class I transposable elements) are mobile elements which move in the host genome by converting their transcribed RNA into DNA through the reverse transcription.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Retrotransposon

Rhabditidae

The Rhabditidae are a family of nematodes which includes the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Rhabditidae

RNA interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression.

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RNA-binding protein

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and RNA-binding protein

Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a species of the genus Salmonella.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Salmonella enterica

Schistosoma mansoni

A paired couple of ''Schistosoma mansoni''. Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs to the group of blood flukes (Schistosoma).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Schistosoma mansoni

Segmentation (biology)

Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Segmentation (biology)

Senescence

Senescence or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Senescence

Sequence homology

Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Sequence homology

Sex chromosome

Sex chromosomes (also referred to as allosomes, heterotypical chromosome, gonosomes, heterochromosomes, or idiochromosomes) are chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Sex chromosome

Shotgun sequencing

In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Shotgun sequencing

Sleep in animals

Sleep in animals refers to a behavioral and physiological state characterized by altered consciousness, reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, and homeostatic regulation observed in various animals.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Sleep in animals

Small-world network

A small-world network is a graph characterized by a high clustering coefficient and low distances.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Small-world network

Somatic cell

In cellular biology, a somatic cell, or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Somatic cell

Space research

Space research is scientific study carried out in outer space, and by studying outer space.

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Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On Saturday, February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere over Texas and Louisiana, killing all seven astronauts on board.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

Space Shuttle Endeavour

Space Shuttle Endeavour (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105) is a retired orbiter from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the fifth and final operational Shuttle built.

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Spaceflight

Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Spaceflight

Sperm

Sperm (sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Sperm

Spermatheca

The spermatheca (pronounced: spermathecae), also called receptaculum seminis (receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, Oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Spermatheca

Spicule (nematode anatomy)

In nematodes, spicules, also known as copulatory spicules, are needle-like mating structures found only in males.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Spicule (nematode anatomy)

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Staphylococcus aureus

Sterility (physiology)

Sterility is the physiological inability to effect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Sterility (physiology)

Strain (biology)

In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Strain (biology)

STS-134

STS-134 (ISS assembly flight ULF6) was the penultimate mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the 25th and last spaceflight of.

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Subgenus

In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Subgenus

Substance dependence

Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption of the drug.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Substance dependence

Sydney Brenner

Sydney Brenner (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Sydney Brenner

Syncytium

A syncytium (syncytia; from Greek: σύν syn "together" and κύτος kytos "box, i.e. cell") or symplasm is a multinucleate cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells (i.e., cells with a single nucleus), in contrast to a coenocyte, which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without accompanying cytokinesis.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Syncytium

Tc1/mariner

Tc1/mariner is a class and superfamily of interspersed repeats DNA (Class II) transposons.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Tc1/mariner

Telomerase

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Telomerase

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Telomere

Thermotaxis

Thermotaxis is a behavior in which an organism directs its locomotion up or down a gradient of temperature.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Thermotaxis

TRA (gene)

T-cell receptor alpha locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRA gene, also known as TCRA or TRA@.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and TRA (gene)

Transcription factor

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Transcription factor

Transgene

A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Transgene

Trematoda

Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Trematoda

Triglyceride

A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Triglyceride

Trypanosomatida

Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid unicellular organisms distinguished by having only a single flagellum.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Trypanosomatida

Tunicate

A tunicate is an exclusively marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata. This grouping is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Tunicate

Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen (or specimens).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Type species

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Ultraviolet

University of California, Davis

The University of California, Davis (UC Davis, UCD, or Davis) is a public land-grant research university in Davis, California, United States.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and University of California, Davis

University of Nottingham

The University of Nottingham is a public research university in Nottingham, England.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and University of Nottingham

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern or UTSW) is a public academic health science center in Dallas, Texas.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Uracil

Uracil (symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid RNA.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Uracil

Uterus

The uterus (from Latin uterus,: uteri) or womb is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more embryos until birth.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Uterus

Vas deferens

The vas deferens (vasa deferentia), with the more modern name ductus deferens (ductūs deferentes), is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Vas deferens

Voltage-gated sodium channel

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na+.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Voltage-gated sodium channel

Von Willebrand factor

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a blood glycoprotein that promotes hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Von Willebrand factor

Washington University School of Medicine

Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis, located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Washington University School of Medicine

Weightlessness

Weightlessness is the complete or near-complete absence of the sensation of weight, i.e., zero apparent weight.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Weightlessness

Whole genome sequencing

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Whole genome sequencing

Wnt signaling pathway

The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Wnt signaling pathway

WormBase

WormBase is an online biological database about the biology and genome of the nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and contains information about other related nematodes.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and WormBase

WormBook

WormBook is an open access, comprehensive collection of original, peer-reviewed chapters covering topics related to the biology of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).

See Caenorhabditis elegans and WormBook

XO sex-determination system

The XO sex-determination system (sometimes referred to as X0 sex-determination system) is a system that some species of insects, arachnids, and mammals use to determine the sex of offspring.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and XO sex-determination system

Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and Yeast

21U-RNA

21U-RNAs are microRNA molecules 21 nucleotides long found in nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans.

See Caenorhabditis elegans and 21U-RNA

See also

Animal models in neuroscience

• Adult neurogenesis in songbirds
• Aplysia
• Caenorhabditis elegans
• Manduca sexta
• Shiverer mouse
• Zebrafish

Nematodes described in 1900

• Caenorhabditis elegans
• Cylicocyclus nassatus

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans

Also known as C Aenorhabditis Elegans, C elegance, C elegans, C. Elegans, C.elegans, CAEOEL, Caenorhabditis elegans proteins, Caenorhabitis elegans, Celegans, Development of Caenorhabditis elegans, Evolution of Sex Determination in C. elegans, P4 cell, Rhabditides, Rhabditides elegans, Strain BO, Strain N2.

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