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96 relations: Ad libitum, Adolescence, Ageing, American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, Ancel Keys, Anemia, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Avicenna, Baker's yeast, Binge eating, Biosphere 2, Blood sugar level, Body mass index, Bone density, Brain, C-reactive protein, Cachexia, Caenorhabditis elegans, CALERIE, Caloric restriction mimetic, Carbohydrate, Carnegie Institution for Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Child, Chromatin, Clive McCay, Cold sensitivity, Conscientious objector, Conserved sequence, Cornell University, CR Society International, Cytokine, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Diet (nutrition), Dietary Reference Intake, Edema, Enzyme, Fasting, Fat, Francis Gano Benedict, Galen, Gene, Growth hormone, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, High-density lipoprotein, Hippocrates, Histone deacetylase, Hormesis, ..., Hypertension, IGFBP3, Infertility, Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Intermittent fasting, Irregular menstruation, Laboratory animal sources, Life extension, Low-density lipoprotein, Luigi Cornaro, Malnutrition, Maximum life span, Median, Metabolism, Minnesota Starvation Experiment, Mitochondrion, Muscle, Muscle atrophy, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute on Aging, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Nutrient, Okinawa diet, Oxidative stress, Pregnancy, Preterm birth, Protein, Public health, Radical (chemistry), Resveratrol, Rhesus macaque, Ribosomal DNA, Sarcopenia, Senescence, Sex hormone-binding globulin, Sirtuin, Sirtuin 1, Starvation response, Stem cell, Stereotypy (non-human), Triglyceride, Triiodothyronine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Very-low-calorie diet, Youth. Expand index (46 more) »
Ad libitum
Ad libitum is Latin for "at one's pleasure" or "as you desire"; it is often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun).
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Adolescence
AdolescenceMacmillan Dictionary for Students Macmillan, Pan Ltd.
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Ageing
Ageing or aging (see spelling differences) is the process of becoming older.
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American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer.
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American Heart Association
The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Ancel Keys
Ancel Benjamin Keys (January 26, 1904 – November 20, 2004) was an American physiologist who studied the influence of diet on health.
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Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Autophagy
Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος kýtos, meaning "hollow") is the natural, regulated, destructive mechanism of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional components.
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Avicenna
Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Baker's yeast
Baker's yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where it converts the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ethanol.
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Binge eating
Binge eating is a pattern of disordered eating which consists of episodes of uncontrollable eating.
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Biosphere 2
Biosphere 2 is an American Earth system science research facility located in Oracle, Arizona.
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Blood sugar level
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals.
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Body mass index
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.
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Bone density
Bone density, or bone mineral density (BMD), is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped), pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose levels rise in response to inflammation.
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Cachexia
Cachexia, or wasting syndrome, is loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight.
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Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living (not parasitic), transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments.
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CALERIE
CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) is a trial currently underway in the U.S. to study the effects of prolonged calorie restriction on healthy human subjects.
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Caloric restriction mimetic
Calorie restriction mimetics (CRM), also known as energy restriction mimetics, are a hypothetical class of dietary supplements or drug candidates that would, in principle, mimic the substantial anti-aging effects that calorie restriction (CR) has on many laboratory animals.
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Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).
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Carnegie Institution for Science
The Carnegie Institution of Washington (the organization's legal name), known also for public purposes as the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Child
Biologically, a child (plural: children) is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty.
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Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA.
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Clive McCay
Clive Maine, McCay (18981967) was an American biochemist, nutritionist, gerontologist, and professor of animal husbandry at Cornell University from 1927-1963.
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Cold sensitivity
Cold sensitivity or cold intolerance is unusual discomfort felt by some people when in a cool environment.
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Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.
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Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences) or within a genome (paralogous sequences).
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Cornell University
Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.
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CR Society International
The CR Society International is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that was previously known as the CR Society or Calorie Restriction Society. It is the fruit of the labor of several thousand workers who are practicing, supporting, and conducting research into calorie restriction as a means of slowing the aging process.
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Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone.
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Diet (nutrition)
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.
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Dietary Reference Intake
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies (United States).
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Fasting
Fasting is the willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.
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Fat
Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.
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Francis Gano Benedict
Francis Gano Benedict (October 3, 1870 – April 14, 1957) was an American chemist, physiologist, and nutritionist who developed a calorimeter and a spirometer used to determine oxygen consumption and measure metabolic rate.
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Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 AD – /), often Anglicized as Galen and better known as Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Growth hormone
Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.
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Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (formerly Harvard School of Public Health) is the public health graduate school of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts adjacent Harvard Medical School.
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High-density lipoprotein
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins.
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Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
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Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O.
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Hormesis
Hormesis is any process in a cell or organism that exhibits a response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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IGFBP3
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene.
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Insulin-like growth factor 1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.
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Intermittent fasting
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an umbrella term for various diets that cycle between a period of fasting and non-fasting during a defined period.
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Irregular menstruation
Irregular menstruation is a menstrual disorder whose manifestations include irregular cycle lengths as well as metrorrhagia (vaginal bleeding between expected periods).
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Laboratory animal sources
Animals used by laboratories for testing purposes are largely supplied by dealers who specialize in selling them to universities, medical and veterinary schools, and companies that provide contract animal-testing services.
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Life extension
Life extension science, also known as anti-aging medicine, indefinite life extension, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology, is the study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan.
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Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water.
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Luigi Cornaro
Alvise Cornaro, often Italianised Luigi (1467 or 1464 gives a birth date of 1467 – 8 May 1566), was a Venetian nobleman and patron of arts, also remembered for his four books of Discorsi (published 1583–95) about the secrets to living long and well with measure and sobriety.
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Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.
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Maximum life span
Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death.
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Median
The median is the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Minnesota Starvation Experiment
The Minnesota Starvation Experiment, also known as the Minnesota Semi-Starvation Experiment, the Minnesota Starvation-Recovery Experiment and the Starvation Study, was a clinical study performed at the University of Minnesota between November 19, 1944 and December 20, 1945.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Muscle
Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.
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Muscle atrophy
Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle; it can be a partial or complete wasting away of muscle, and is most commonly experienced when persons suffer temporary disabling circumstances such as being restricted in movement and/or confined to bed as when hospitalized.
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is part of the United States National Institutes of Health, which in turn is part of the Department of Health and Human Services.
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National Institute on Aging
The National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), located in Bethesda, Maryland.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells.
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Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.
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Okinawa diet
The Okinawa diet describes the eating habits of the indigenous people of the Ryukyu Islands (belonging to Japan), which is believed to cause their exceptional longevity.
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".
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Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron.
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Resveratrol
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi.
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Rhesus macaque
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the best-known species of Old World monkeys.
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Ribosomal DNA
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA sequence that codes for ribosomal RNA.
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Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass (0.5–1% loss per year after the age of 50), quality, and strength associated with aging.
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Senescence
Senescence or biological ageing is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic of most complex lifeforms, arguably found in all biological kingdoms, that on the level of the organism increases mortality after maturation.
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Sex hormone-binding globulin
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to the two sex hormones: androgen and estrogen.
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Sirtuin
Sirtuins are a class of proteins that possess either mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, or deacylase activity, including deacetylase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, demyristoylase and depalmitoylase activity.
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Sirtuin 1
Sirtuin 1, also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRT1 gene.
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Starvation response
Starvation response in animals is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes that reduce metabolism in response to a lack of food.
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Stem cell
Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.
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Stereotypy (non-human)
In animal behaviour, stereotypy, stereotypical or stereotyped behaviour has several meanings, leading to ambiguity in the scientific literature.
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Triglyceride
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride).
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Triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone.
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University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
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Very-low-calorie diet
Very low calorie diet (VLCD) is a diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption.
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Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young, and often means the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity).
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie_restriction
