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Castile and León

Index Castile and León

Castile and León (Castilla y León; Leonese: Castiella y Llión; Castela e León) is an autonomous community in north-western Spain. [1]

486 relations: A Coruña, Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos, Accipiter, Adolfo Suárez, Aesculapian snake, Agriculture, Aguilar de Campoo, Airbus, Alagón (river), Alba de Tormes, Alberche, Alcazarén, Aldeadávila Dam, Aldeadávila de la Ribera, Alfonso IX of León, Alfonso VI of León and Castile, Alfonso VII of León and Castile, Alfonso VIII of Castile, Alfonso X of Castile, Almazán, Almeida de Sayago, Alpine orogeny, Altitude, Anguillidae, Anticyclone, Antonio Machado, Aqueduct of Segovia, Aragon, Aranda de Duero, Arévalo, Arlanza (river), Arlanzón, Province of Burgos, Arribes (wine), Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Astorga, Spain, Astures, Asturias, Atapuerca Mountains, Atheism, Atlantic Ocean, Autonomous communities of Spain, Autrigones, Azure (heraldry), Águeda (river), Álava, Ávila, Spain, Ólvega, Órbigo, Barbel (fish), Basilica of San Isidoro, León, ..., Basque Country (autonomous community), Battle of Villalar, Béjar, Beech, Beech marten, Benavente, Zamora, Bierzo (DO), Bilbao, Birch, Biscay, Black stork, Black-crowned night heron, Boñar, Boeing, Boletín Oficial del Estado, Brown bear, Burgos, Bustard, Calabor, Calidad Pascual, Camino de Santiago, Campo Charro, Cantabria, Cantabrian Mountains, Cantar de Mio Cid, Carbonate, Carp, Carrión (river), Carrión de los Condes, Cartularies of Valpuesta, Castanea sativa, Castile (historical region), Castile and León Day, Castilian nationalism, Castilian Party, Castilian-Leonese cuisine, Castilian-Leonese regional election, 2015, Castilla–La Mancha, Castle, Castromonte, Cathedral, Catholic Church, Catholic Monarchs, Catholic University of Ávila, Côa River, Celtiberians, Celts, Central Europe, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Cercedilla, Cervera de Pisuerga, Cigales, Cinereous vulture, Citizens (Spanish political party), Climate, Clunia, Coal tit, Coat of arms of Castile and León, Coca, Segovia, Cold, Collado Villalba, Comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo, Common kingfisher, Common minnow, Common toad, Commoners' Land, Communist Party of Spain, Community of Madrid, Concession (contract), Congress of Deputies, Coniacian, Constitution of Spain, Construction, Coronella girondica, Cortes Generales, Cortes of Castile and León, Cortes of León of 1188, Crimson, Crown (heraldry), Crown of Castile, Cuéllar, Cubillos del Sil, Deer, Deforestation, Dehesa, Democratic and Social Centre (Spain), Desman, Don Juan Tenorio, Don Quixote, Dormouse, Douro, Dryland farming, Dueñas, Palencia, Duratón (river), Egyptian vulture, El Barco de Ávila, El Bierzo, El Cid, El hombre y la Tierra, El Lazarillo de Tormes, El Mundo (Spain), El Rebollar (Salamanca), Emerita Augusta, Emirate of Granada, Endesa, Equo, Esla (river), Estepa de San Juan, Eurasian hoopoe, Eurasian jay, Eurasian nuthatch, Eurasian penduline tit, Eurasian sparrowhawk, European bison, European green woodpecker, European pine marten, European snow vole, European Union, Extremadura, Extremaduran language, Fagus sylvatica, Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Federal Democratic Republican Party, Ferdinand III of Castile, Ferdinand IV of Castile, Fermoselle, Fernán González of Castile, Fertilizer, First Spanish Republic, Flag of Castile and León, Food industry, Forest, Fox, France, Francoist Spain, Fraxinus, Fringilla, Fuensaldaña, Fuentes de Oñoro, Fuero, Galicia (Spain), Galician language, Galician Massif, Gejuelo del Barro, General council of Castile and Leon, Geographical indication, Geography of Spain, Geopark, Geria, Germany, Gijón, GlaxoSmithKline, Goat meat, Goldcrest, Golden Age, Golden eagle, Gray wolf, Great Recession, Great spotted woodpecker, Grey heron, Greylag goose, Griffon vulture, Guardo, Guijuelo, Gules, Holy Week in Salamanca, Holy Week in Valladolid, Holy Week in Zamora, Homo heidelbergensis, Huebra, Iberdrola, Iberian ibex, Iberian lynx, Iberian Peninsula, Iberian rock lizard, Iberian-gauge railways, IE University, Ilex aquifolium, Immigration, Imperator totius Hispaniae, Industry, Initiative for the Development of Soria, Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain), Irreligion, ISO 3166-2:ES, Israel, Italy, Jalón (river), Jaramillo Quemado, John of the Cross, José Jiménez Lozano, José Ortega y Gasset, José Zorrilla, Juan del Encina, Juan Vicente Herrera, Juniper, Junta of Castile and León, Karst, Köppen climate classification, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of Galicia, Kingdom of León, Kingdom of Portugal, La Celestina, La Pinilla ski resort, La Rioja (Spain), La Robla, Laciana, Ladder snake, Laguna de Duero, Lamb and mutton, Las Edades del Hombre, Las Médulas, Late Middle Ages, Lazarillo de Tormes, León (historical region), León, Spain, Ledesma, Castile and León, Leonese dialect, Leonese People's Union, Lerma, Province of Burgos, Life expectancy, Lisbon, List of municipalities in Ávila, List of municipalities in Burgos, List of municipalities in León, List of municipalities in Palencia, List of municipalities in Salamanca, List of municipalities in Segovia, List of municipalities in Soria, List of municipalities in Valladolid, List of municipalities in Zamora, List of oldest church buildings, Livestock, Logging, Lombardy, Los Ancares, Luis Delso Heras, Madrid, Mammal, Man and the Biosphere Programme, Marl, Matapozuelos, Mérida, Spain, Medina del Campo, Memory of the World Programme, Merindad de Sotoscueva, Mesozoic, Middle Ages, Miguel de Cervantes, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Miguel de Unamuno, Miguel Delibes, Miranda de Ebro, Mirat, Moncayo Massif, Montes de León, Morales de Campos, Museum, Narrow-gauge railway, National University of Distance Education, Natura 2000, Natural gas, Natural landscape, Naturgy, Navarre, Nodicia de kesos, Numantia, Oña, Official language, Ojo Guareña, Old Castile, Olive, Otter, Palencia, Palra d'El Rebollal, Pampliega, Parador, Paris, Parliamentary system, Páramo del Sil, People's Party (Spain), Peregrine falcon, Picos de Europa, Picos de Urbión, Pine, Pisuerga, Podemos (Spanish political party), Polar front, Ponferrada, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Porto, Portugal, Portugal–Spain border, Poza de la Sal, President of the Junta of Castile and León, Primus inter pares, Programme for International Student Assessment, Province of Ávila, Province of Burgos, Province of Cáceres, Province of Guadalajara, Province of León, Province of Lugo, Province of Ourense, Province of Palencia, Province of Salamanca, Province of Segovia, Province of Soria, Province of Toledo, Province of Valladolid, Province of Zamora, Province of Zaragoza, Quercus faginea, Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus robur, Quercus suber, Quiñonería, Quintana del Puente, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities, Reconquista, Red Eléctrica de España, Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country, Regionalist Unity of Castile and León, Renewable energy, Renfe Feve, Renfe Operadora, Revolt of the Comuneros, Ribera del Duero, Ribera del Duero (comarca), Roe deer, Roman law, Romanesque art, Romanization (cultural), Royal Decree-Law (Spain), Rueda (DO), Rueda, Valladolid, Salamanca, Salamander, San Andrés del Rabanedo, San Cebrián de Mudá, Sanabria (comarca), Sanabria Lake, Santa María de Garoña Nuclear Power Plant, Santiago de Compostela, Saucelle Dam, Scots pine, Second Spanish Republic, Segovia, Senate of Spain, Seville, Short-toed treecreeper, Sierra de Ávila, Sierra de Béjar (mountain range), Sierra de Francia, Sierra de Gata, Sierra de Gredos, Sierra de Guadarrama, Siete Partidas, Simancas, Sistema Central, Sistema Ibérico, Ski resort, Smooth snake, Sorbus, Sorbus aria, Soria, Spain, Spanish Civil War, Spanish imperial eagle, Spanish language, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Special Protection Area, Squirrel, Standard-gauge railway, Talpidae, Tariego de Cerrato, Tawny owl, Taxus baccata, Tâmega (river), Televisión Española, Teresa of Ávila, The Holy Innocents (film), Tiétar (river), Tierra de Campos, Tierra de León (DO), Tilia, Tordehumos, Tordesillas, Tormes, Toro (DO), Toro, Zamora, Torralba, Cuenca, Trail, Treaty of Tordesillas, Trout, Turkey, Turmodigi, Tuscany, Typical warbler, UNESCO, Unión Fenosa, Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), Union, Progress and Democracy, United Kingdom, United Left (Spain), United States, University of Burgos, University of León, University of Salamanca, University of Valladolid, Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León, Vaccaei, Valladolid, Variscan orogeny, Vía de la Plata, Velilla del Río Carrión, Velilla Power Plant, Venta de Baños, Vettones, Villablino, Villanueva de Gormaz, Vilvestre, Visigoths, Western capercaillie, White stork, Wild boar, Wildcat, Wind power, Winter sport, World Heritage site, Zamora, Spain, 2004 Madrid train bombings. Expand index (436 more) »

A Coruña

A Coruña (is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second most populated city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It provides a distribution point for agricultural goods from the region.

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Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos

Santo Domingo de Silos Abbey (Monasterio de Santo Domingo de Silos) is a Benedictine monastery in the village of Santo Domingo de Silos in the southern part of Burgos Province in northern Spain.

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Accipiter

Accipiter is a genus of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae.

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Adolfo Suárez

Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez, GE, KOGF, OCIII (25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician.

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Aesculapian snake

The Aesculapian snake (now Zamenis longissimus, previously Elaphe longissima), is a species of nonvenomous snake native to Europe, a member of the Colubrinae subfamily of the family Colubridae.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Aguilar de Campoo

Aguilar de Campoo is a town in the province of Palencia, autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Airbus

Airbus SE is a European corporation, registered in the Netherlands and trading shares in France, Germany and Spain.

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Alagón (river)

The Alagón is a 205 km long river in Spain, right tributary to the Tagus, as well as this river's longest tributary.

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Alba de Tormes

Alba de Tormes is a municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Alberche

The Alberche is a river in the provinces of Ávila, Madrid and Toledo, central Spain.

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Alcazarén

Alcazarén is a town and municipality in the Province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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Aldeadávila Dam

Aldeadávila Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Douro River (also known as the Duero River) on the border between Spain and Portugal.

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Aldeadávila de la Ribera

Aldeadávila de la Ribera is a village and municipality in the north-west of the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Alfonso IX of León

Alfonso IX (15 August 117123 or 24 September 1230) was king of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.

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Alfonso VI of León and Castile

Alfonso VI (1 July 1109), nicknamed the Brave (El Bravo) or the Valiant, was the son of King Ferdinand I of León and Queen Sancha, daughter of Alfonso V and sister of Bermudo III.

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Alfonso VII of León and Castile

Alfonso VII (1 March 110521 August 1157), called the Emperor (el Emperador), became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King of León and Castile in 1126.

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Alfonso VIII of Castile

Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (El Noble) or the one of the Navas (el de las Navas), was the King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo.

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Alfonso X of Castile

Alfonso X (also occasionally Alphonso, Alphonse, or Alfons, 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284), called the Wise (el Sabio), was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284.

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Almazán

Almazán is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain.

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Almeida de Sayago

Almeida de Sayago is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain.

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Alpine orogeny

The Alpine orogeny or Alpide orogeny is an orogenic phase in the Late Mesozoic (Eoalpine) and the current Cenozoic that has formed the mountain ranges of the Alpide belt.

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Altitude

Altitude or height (sometimes known as depth) is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, atmospheric pressure, and many more).

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Anguillidae

The Anguillidae are a family of ray-finned fish that contains the freshwater eels.

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Anticyclone

An anticyclone (that is, opposite to a cyclone) is a weather phenomenon defined by the United States National Weather Service's glossary as "a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere".

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Antonio Machado

Antonio Machado, in full Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz (26 July 1875 – 22 February 1939), was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation of '98.

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Aqueduct of Segovia

The Aqueduct of Segovia (or more precisely, the aqueduct bridge) is a Roman aqueduct in Segovia, Spain.

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Aragon

Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Aranda de Duero

Aranda de Duero is a town and municipality, capital of the Ribera del Duero comarca, in south of the province of Burgos, in Castile and León, Spain.

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Arévalo

Arévalo is a municipality in Spain, it is situated in the province of Ávila and is part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Arlanza (river)

The Arlanza River rises in the Sierra de la Demanda, near Quintanar de la Sierra in an area known as Fuente Sanza.

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Arlanzón, Province of Burgos

Arlanzón is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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Arribes (wine)

Arribes is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in the southeast of the province of Zamora and the northeast of the province of Salamanca (Castile and León, Spain), along the border with Portugal on the banks of the River Duero.

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Arribes del Duero Natural Park

Arribes del Duero Natural Park is a protected area in western Spain, covering 106.105 ha in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Astorga, Spain

Astorga is a municipality and city of Spain located in the central area of the province of León, in the autonomous community of Castilla y León, southwest of the provincial capital.

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Astures

The Astures or Asturs, also named Astyrs, were the Hispano-Celtic inhabitants of the northwest area of Hispania that now comprises almost the entire modern autonomous community of Principality of Asturias, the modern province of León, and the northern part of the modern province of Zamora (all in Spain), and east of Trás os Montes in Portugal.

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies; Asturias), officially the Principality of Asturias (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies), is an autonomous community in north-west Spain.

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Atapuerca Mountains

The Atapuerca Mountains (Sierra de Atapuerca) is a karstic hill formation near the village of Atapuerca in Castile and León, northern Spain.

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Atheism

Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Autonomous communities of Spain

In Spain, an autonomous community (comunidad autónoma, autonomia erkidegoa, comunitat autònoma, comunidade autónoma, comunautat autonòma) is a first-level political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Spanish constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy of the nationalities and regions that make up Spain.

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Autrigones

The Autrigones were a pre-Roman tribe that settled in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in what today is the western Basque Country (western regions of Biscay and Álava) and northern Burgos, Spain.

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Azure (heraldry)

In heraldry, azure is the tincture with the colour blue, and belongs to the class of tinctures called "colours".

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Águeda (river)

The Águeda is a river tributary of the Douro River, that springs from the Serra das Mesas in Spain, in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Álava

Álava (in Spanish) or Araba (in Basque, dialectal), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

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Ávila, Spain

Ávila (Latin: Abula) is a Spanish town located in the autonomous community of Castile and León, and is the capital of the Province of Ávila.

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Ólvega

Ólvega is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain.

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Órbigo

The Órbigo River is a river in the provinces of León and Zamora, Spain.

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Barbel (fish)

Barbels are group of small carp-like freshwater fish, almost all of the genus Barbus.

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Basilica of San Isidoro, León

The Basílica de San Isidoro de León is a church in León, Spain, located on the site of an ancient Roman temple.

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Basque Country (autonomous community)

The Basque Country (Euskadi; País Vasco; Pays Basque), officially the Basque Autonomous Community (Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa, EAE; Comunidad Autónoma Vasca, CAV) is an autonomous community in northern Spain.

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Battle of Villalar

The Battle of Villalar was a battle in the Revolt of the Comuneros fought on April 23, 1521 near the town of Villalar in Valladolid province, Spain.

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Béjar

Béjar is a town and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Beech

Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America.

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Beech marten

The beech marten (Martes foina), also known as the stone marten, house marten or white breasted marten, is a species of marten native to much of Europe and Central Asia, though it has established a feral population in North America.

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Benavente, Zamora

Benavente is a town and municipality in the north of the province of Zamora, in the autonomous community Castile and León of Spain.

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Bierzo (DO)

Bierzo is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in the northwest of the province of León (Castile and León, Spain) and covers about 3,000 km².

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Bilbao

Bilbao (Bilbo) is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole.

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Birch

A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.

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Biscay

Biscay (Bizkaia; Vizcaya) is a province of Spain located just south of the Bay of Biscay.

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Black stork

The black stork (Ciconia nigra) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.

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Black-crowned night heron

The black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), or black-capped night heron, commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, except in the coldest regions and Australasia (where it is replaced by the closely related rufous night heron, with which it has hybridized in the area of contact).

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Boñar

The municipality of Boñar is located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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Boletín Oficial del Estado

The Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) (Official State Gazette) is the official gazette of the Government of Spain and is published every day except Sunday.

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Brown bear

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a bear that is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.

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Burgos

Burgos is a city in northern Spain and the historic capital of Castile.

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Bustard

Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and on the steppes of the Old World.

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Calabor

Calabor is a village belonging to Pedralba de la Pradería, to the south of the shire of Sanabria in the province of Zamora, Spain.

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Calidad Pascual

Calidad Pascual (formerly Grupo Leche Pascual) is a Spanish dairy company based in Aranda de Duero, Spain.

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Camino de Santiago

The Camino de Santiago (Peregrinatio Compostellana, "Pilgrimage of Compostela"; O Camiño de Santiago), known in English as the Way of Saint James among other names, is a network of pilgrims' ways serving pilgrimage to the shrine of the apostle Saint James the Great in the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia in northwestern Spain, where tradition has it that the remains of the saint are buried.

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Campo Charro

Campo Charro is one of the 11 comarcas in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León.

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Cantabria

Cantabria is a historic Spanish community and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city.

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Cantabrian Mountains

The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range (Cordillera Cantábrica) are one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain.

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Cantar de Mio Cid

El Cantar de mio Cid, literally "The Song of my Cid" (or El Poema de mio Cid), also known in English as The Poem of the Cid, is the oldest preserved Castilian epic poem (epopeya).

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Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula of.

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Carp

Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia.

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Carrión (river)

The Carrión is a river in northern Spain.

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Carrión de los Condes

Carrión de los Condes is a municipality in the province of Palencia, part of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Cartularies of Valpuesta

The Cartularies of Valpuesta are two medieval Spanish cartularies which belonged to a monastery in the locality of Valpuesta in what is now the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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Castanea sativa

Castanea sativa, or sweet chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world.

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Castile (historical region)

Castile is a vaguely defined historical region of Spain.

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Castile and León Day

Castile and León Day (Día de Castilla y León) is a holiday celebrated on April 23 in the autonomous community of Castile and León, a subdivision of Spain.

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Castilian nationalism

Castilian nationalism, or "Castilianism" (Castellanismo), is a political movement that advocates for the national recognition of Castile, and in some cases, its independence.

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Castilian Party

The Castilian Party (Partido Castellano or PCAS in Spanish) is a Spanish political party resulting from the union of several Castilian nationalist and regionalist political parties from Castile and León, Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid and Castile-La Mancha.

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Castilian-Leonese cuisine

Castilian-Leonese cuisine refers to the typical dishes and ingredients of the region of Castile and León in Spain.

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Castilian-Leonese regional election, 2015

The 2015 Castilian-Leonese regional election was held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 9th Cortes of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León.

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Castilla–La Mancha

Castilla–La Mancha (or Castile–La Mancha) is an autonomous community of Spain.

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Castle

A castle (from castellum) is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders.

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Castromonte

Castromonte is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Cathedral

A cathedral is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Catholic Monarchs

The Catholic Monarchs is the joint title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon.

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Catholic University of Ávila

Saint Teresa of Jesus Catholic University,, commonly known as the Catholic University of Ávila (UCAV), is a private, Catholic university, located in Ávila, Castile and León, Spain.

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Côa River

The Côa River is a tributary of the Douro River, in central and northeastern Portugal.

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Celtiberians

The Celtiberians were a group of Celts or Celticized peoples inhabiting the central-eastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BC.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.

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Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas

The Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas ("Centre for Sociological Research") or CIS is a Spanish public research institute.

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Cercedilla

Cercedilla is a municipality of the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain.

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Cervera de Pisuerga

Cervera de Pisuerga is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Cigales

Cigales is a municipality in Province of Valladolid, Spain.

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Cinereous vulture

The cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) is a large raptorial bird that is distributed through much of Eurasia.

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Citizens (Spanish political party)

Citizens (Ciudadanos; Ciutadans; Hiritarrak; Cidadáns; shortened as Cs—C's until January 2017), officially Citizens – Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos – Partido de la Ciudadanía), is a centre-right and liberal political party in Spain.

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Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.

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Clunia

Clunia (full name Colonia Clunia Sulpicia) was an ancient Roman city.

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Coal tit

The coal tit (Periparus ater) is a passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae.

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Coat of arms of Castile and León

The coat of arms of Castile and León depicts the traditional arms of Castile (the yellow castle) quartered with the arms of León (the purple lion).

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Coca, Segovia

Coca is a municipality in the province of Segovia, central Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon.

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Cold

Cold is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere.

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Collado Villalba

Collado Villalba is a municipality of the Community of Madrid, in central Spain.

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Comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo

Comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo is a large comarca in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain.

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Common kingfisher

The common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) also known as the Eurasian kingfisher, and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa.

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Common minnow

The Eurasian minnow, minnow, or common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) is a small species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae.

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Common toad

The common toad, European toad, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the toad (Bufo bufo, from Latin bufo "toad"), is an amphibian found throughout most of Europe (with the exception of Ireland, Iceland, and some Mediterranean islands), in the western part of North Asia, and in a small portion of Northwest Africa.

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Commoners' Land

Tierra Comunera (Commoners' Land, TC) is a Castilian nationalist political party in the Spanish historical region of Castile.

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Communist Party of Spain

The Communist Party of Spain (Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a historically Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, is part of the United Left coalition.

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Community of Madrid

The Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain.

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Concession (contract)

A concession or concession agreement is a grant of rights, land or property by a government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity.

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Congress of Deputies

The Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados; Diputatuen Kongresua; Congrés dels Diputats; Congreso dos Deputados) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch.

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Coniacian

The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale.

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Constitution of Spain

The Spanish Constitution (Constitución Española; Espainiako Konstituzioa; Constitució Espanyola; Constitución Española; Constitucion espanhòla) is the democratic law that is supreme in the Kingdom of Spain.

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Construction

Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.

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Coronella girondica

Coronella girondica is a harmless colubrid species found in southern Europe and northern Africa.

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Cortes Generales

The Cortes Generales (General Courts) are the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Spain, consisting of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).

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Cortes of Castile and León

The Cortes of Castile and León (Spanish: Cortes de Castilla y León) is the elected unicameral legislature of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León.

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Cortes of León of 1188

The Cortes of León from year 1188 was a parliamentary body in the medieval Kingdom of León.

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Crimson

Crimson is a strong, red color, inclining to purple.

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Crown (heraldry)

A crown is often an emblem of a sovereign state, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it (see The Crown).

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Crown of Castile

The Crown of Castile was a medieval state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1715. The Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the Treaty of Villafáfila, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic. The title of "King of Castile" remained in use by the Habsburg rulers during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon, Majorca, Valencia, and Sicily, and Count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdagne, as well as King of Castile and León, 1516–1556. In the early 18th century, Philip of Bourbon won the War of the Spanish Succession and imposed unification policies over the Crown of Aragon, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. Even though the Nueva Planta decrees did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country of (Castile and Aragon) was called "Spain" by both contemporaries and historians. "King of Castile" also remains part of the full title of Felipe VI of Spain, the current King of Spain according to the Spanish constitution of 1978, in the sense of titles, not of states.

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Cuéllar

Cuéllar is a small Town and Municipality in the Province of Segovia, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, in Spain.

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Cubillos del Sil

Cubillos del Sil is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain).

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Deer

Deer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae.

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Deforestation

Deforestation, clearance, or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

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Dehesa

A dehesa is a multifunctional, agrosylvopastoral system (a type of agroforestry) and cultural landscape of southern and central Spain and southern Portugal; in Portugal, it is known as a montado.

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Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)

Democratic and Social Centre (Centro Democrático y Social, CDS) was a liberal political party in Spain, which was founded in 1982 by Adolfo Suárez, former Prime Minister of Spain.

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Desman

The desman, a snouted and naked-tailed diving insectivore of the tribe Desmanini, belongs to one of two Eurasian species of the mole family, Talpidae.

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Don Juan Tenorio

Don Juan Tenorio: Drama religioso-fantástico en dos partes (Don Juan Tenorio: Religious-Fantasy Drama in Two Parts), is a play written in 1844 by José Zorrilla.

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Don Quixote

The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha), or just Don Quixote (Oxford English Dictionary, ""), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes.

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Dormouse

A dormouse is a rodent of the family Gliridae (this family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists).

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Douro

The Douro (Douro; Duero; translation) is one of the major rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, flowing from its source near Duruelo de la Sierra in Soria Province across northern-central Spain and Portugal to its outlet at Porto.

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Dryland farming

Dryland farming and dry farming are agricultural techniques for non-irrigated cultivation of crops.

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Dueñas, Palencia

Dueñas is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Duratón (river)

The Duratón River (Río Duratón) is a river in Spain.

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Egyptian vulture

The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), also called the white scavenger vulture or pharaoh's chicken, is a small Old World vulture and the only member of the genus Neophron.

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El Barco de Ávila

El Barco de Ávila is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain.

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El Bierzo

El Bierzo (O Bierzo) is a comarca in the province of León, Spain.

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El Cid

Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (1099) was a Castilian nobleman and military leader in medieval Spain.

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El hombre y la Tierra

El hombre y la Tierra (Spanish for Men and Earth) is a 1974 Spanish nature documentary television series produced by Televisión Española.

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El Lazarillo de Tormes

El Lazarillo de Tormes is a 1959 Spanish-Italian film directed by César Fernández Ardavín.

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El Mundo (Spain)

El Mundo (The World), formally El Mundo del Siglo Veintiuno (The World of the Twenty-First Century) is the second largest printed daily newspaper in Spain.

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El Rebollar (Salamanca)

Campo de Argañán is a subcomarca in the comarca of Comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León.

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Emerita Augusta

The Roman colony of Emerita Augusta (present day Mérida) was founded in 25 BC by Augustus, to resettle emeriti soldiers discharged from the Roman army from two veteran legions of the Cantabrian Wars: Legio V Alaudae and Legio X Gemina.

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Emirate of Granada

The Emirate of Granada (إمارة غرﻧﺎﻃﺔ, trans. Imarat Gharnāṭah), also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (Reino Nazarí de Granada), was an emirate established in 1230 by Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar.

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Endesa

Endesa, S.A. (originally an initialism for Empresa Nacional de Electricidad, S.A.) is the largest electric utility company in Spain.

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Equo

Equo (also spelled Q, or eQuo) is a Spanish political party founded on 4 June 2011, when 35 different Spanish green parties agreed to merge into EQUO.

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Esla (river)

The Esla is a river in the provinces of León and Zamora in the northwest of Spain.

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Estepa de San Juan

Estepa de San Juan is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain.

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Eurasian hoopoe

The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is the most widespread species of the genus Upupa, native to Europe, Asia and the northern half of Africa.

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Eurasian jay

The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a species of bird occurring over a vast region from Western Europe and north-west Africa to the Indian Subcontinent and further to the eastern seaboard of Asia and down into south-east Asia.

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Eurasian nuthatch

The Eurasian nuthatch or wood nuthatch (Sitta europaea) is a small passerine bird found throughout temperate Asia and in Europe, where its name is the nuthatch.

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Eurasian penduline tit

The Eurasian penduline tit or European penduline tit (Remiz pendulinus) is a passerine bird of the genus Remiz.

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Eurasian sparrowhawk

The Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), also known as the northern sparrowhawk or simply the sparrowhawk, is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

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European bison

The European bison (Bison bonasus), also known as wisent or the European wood bison, is a Eurasian species of bison.

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European green woodpecker

The European green woodpecker (Picus viridis) is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae.

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European pine marten

The European pine marten (Martes martes), known most commonly as the pine marten in Anglophone Europe, and less commonly also known as pineten, baum marten, or sweet marten, is an animal native to Northern Europe belonging to the mustelid family, which also includes mink, otter, badger, wolverine, and weasel.

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European snow vole

The European snow vole or snow vole (Chionomys nivalis, previously Arvicola nivalis and Microtus nivalis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Extremadura

Extremadura (is an autonomous community of western Iberian Peninsula whose capital city is Mérida, recognised by the State of Autonomy of Extremadura. It is made up of the two largest provinces of Spain: Cáceres and Badajoz. It is bordered by the provinces of Salamanca and Ávila (Castile and León) to the north; by provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real (Castile–La Mancha) to the east, and by the provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Córdoba (Andalusia) to the south; and by Portugal to the west. Its official language is Spanish. It is an important area for wildlife, particularly with the major reserve at Monfragüe, which was designated a National Park in 2007, and the International Tagus River Natural Park (Parque Natural Tajo Internacional). The government of Extremadura is called. The Day of Extremadura is celebrated on 8 September. It coincides with the Catholic festivity of Our Lady of Guadalupe.

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Extremaduran language

Extremaduran (autonym: estremeñu, represents a variable vowel -->) is a Romance linguistic variety, spoken by several hundred thousand people in Spain, in an area covering the north-western part of the autonomous community of Extremadura and adjoining areas in the province of Salamanca.

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Fagus sylvatica

Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae.

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Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente

Félix Samuel Rodríguez de la Fuente (March 14, 1928 – March 14, 1980) contributed to the popularization of science, Spanish naturalist and broadcaster.

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Federal Democratic Republican Party

The Federal Democratic Republican Party (Partido Republicano Democrático Federal, PRDF) was a Spanish political party founded in 1868, during the Glorious revolution, that was active until 1912.

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Ferdinand III of Castile

Ferdinand III (Spanish: Fernando III), 1199/1201 – 30 May 1252, called the Saint (el Santo), was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231.

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Ferdinand IV of Castile

Ferdinand IV of Castile (6 December 1285 – 7 September 1312) called the Summoned (el Emplazado), was a King of Castile and León from 1295 until his death.

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Fermoselle

Fermoselle is a small medieval village located in the province of Zamora, western Spain, and is part of the region of Castile and León in the south-west region of the province.

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Fernán González of Castile

Fernán González (died 970) was the first autonomous count of Castile, son of Gonzalo Fernández de Burgos, who had been named count of Arlanza and the Duero around the year 900, and by tradition a descendant of semi-legendary judge Nuño Rasura.

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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First Spanish Republic

The Republic of Spain (officially in Spanish República de España), commonly known as the First Spanish Republic to distinguish it from the Spanish Republic of 1931–39, was the short-lived political regime that existed in Spain between the parliamentary proclamation on 11 February 1873 and 29 December 1874 when General Arsenio Martínez-Campos's pronunciamento marked the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain.

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Flag of Castile and León

The flag of Castile and León is the official flag of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Food industry

The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world population.

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Forest

A forest is a large area dominated by trees.

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Fox

Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Francoist Spain

Francoist Spain (España franquista) or the Franco regime (Régimen de Franco), formally known as the Spanish State (Estado Español), is the period of Spanish history between 1939, when Francisco Franco took control of Spain after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War establishing a dictatorship, and 1975, when Franco died and Prince Juan Carlos was crowned King of Spain.

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Fraxinus

Fraxinus, English name ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae.

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Fringilla

The genus Fringilla is a small group of finches from the Old World, which are the only species in the subfamily Fringillinae.

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Fuensaldaña

Fuensaldaña is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Fuentes de Oñoro

Fuentes de Oñoro is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon.

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Fuero

Fuero, Fur, Foro or Foru is a Spanish legal term and concept.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galician: Galicia, Galiza; Galicia; Galiza) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Galician language

Galician (galego) is an Indo-European language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch.

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Galician Massif

The Galician Massif, Macizo Galaico, also known as Macizo Galaico-Leonés, is a system of mountain ranges in the northwestern corner of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Gejuelo del Barro

Gejuelo del Barro is a sparsely populated village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon.

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General council of Castile and Leon

The General Council of Castile and Leon was the preautonomic entity of the Castile and Leon (Spain), that developed his activity from 1978 until 1983, the year that it went in force in the Statute of autonomy.

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Geographical indication

A geographical indication (GI) is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin (e.g. a town, region, or country).

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Geography of Spain

Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe occupying most (about 85 percent) of the Iberian Peninsula and includes a small exclave inside France called Llívia as well as the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off northwest Africa, and five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberanía) on and off the coast of North Africa: Ceuta, Melilla, Islas Chafarinas, Peñón de Alhucemas, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera.

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Geopark

A geopark is a unified area that advances the protection and use of geological heritage in a sustainable way, and promotes the economic well-being of the people who live there.

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Geria

Geria is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gijón

Gijón, or Xixón is the largest city and municipality in the autonomous community of Asturias in Spain.

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GlaxoSmithKline

GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British pharmaceutical company headquartered in Brentford, London.

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Goat meat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus).

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Goldcrest

The goldcrest (Regulus regulus) is a very small passerine bird in the kinglet family.

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Golden Age

The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the Works and Days of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity (chrýseon génos) lived.

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Golden eagle

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best-known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Gray wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).

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Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.

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Great spotted woodpecker

The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is a medium-sized woodpecker with pied black and white plumage and a red patch on the lower belly.

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Grey heron

The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a long-legged predatory wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae, native throughout temperate Europe and Asia and also parts of Africa.

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Greylag goose

The greylag goose (Anser anser) is a species of large goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae and the type species of the genus Anser.

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Griffon vulture

The griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) is a large Old World vulture in the bird of prey family Accipitridae.

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Guardo

Guardo is a municipality in the province of Palencia, in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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Guijuelo

Guijuelo is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain.

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Gules

In heraldry, gules is the tincture with the colour red, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures called "colours." In engraving, it is sometimes depicted as a region of vertical lines or else marked with gu. as an abbreviation.

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Holy Week in Salamanca

Holy Week in Salamanca (Semana Santa de Salamanca) is the most important religious event of Salamanca, Spain.

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Holy Week in Valladolid

The Holy Week in Valladolid is one of the main tourist attractions, and cultural and religious events of Valladolid and the surrounding province during Holy Week in Spain.

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Holy Week in Zamora

Holy Week in Zamora, Spain, is the annual commemoration of the Passion of Jesus Christ that takes place during the last week of Lent, the week immediately before Easter.

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Homo heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo of the Middle Pleistocene (between about 700,000 and 200,000-300,000 years ago), known from fossils found in Southern Africa, East Africa and Europe.

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Huebra

The Huebra is a river in Spain, that flows from Escurial de la Sierra (in Salamanca province) to the river Duero.

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Iberdrola

Iberdrola is a Spanish public multinational electric utility company based in Bilbao, Basque Country.

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Iberian ibex

The Iberian ibex, Spanish ibex, Spanish wild goat, or Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) is a species of ibex with four subspecies.

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Iberian lynx

The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is a wild cat species native to the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe that is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.

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Iberian rock lizard

The Iberian rock lizard (Iberolacerta monticola or Lacerta monticola) is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae.

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Iberian-gauge railways

Iberian-gauge railways (ancho ibérico, trocha ibérica, bitola ibérica) is the name given to the railways using track gauge of, most extensively used by the railways of Spain and Portugal.

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IE University

IE University is a private university, owned by Instituto de Empresa S.L. Its campuses are located in Segovia, Castile and León and Madrid, Community of Madrid (Spain).

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Ilex aquifolium

Ilex aquifolium (holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly), is a species of holly native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.

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Immigration

Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

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Imperator totius Hispaniae

Imperator totius Hispaniae is a Latin title meaning "Emperor of all Spain".

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Industry

Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy.

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Initiative for the Development of Soria

Initiative for the Development of Soria (IDES, Iniciativa por el Desarrollo de Soria) was a Sorian regionalist political party founded in 2002, mainly by ex-members of the provincial branch of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

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Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)

The National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE) is the official organisation in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and Spanish society.

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Irreligion

Irreligion (adjective form: non-religious or irreligious) is the absence, indifference, rejection of, or hostility towards religion.

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ISO 3166-2:ES

ISO 3166-2:ES is the entry for Spain in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Jalón (river)

The river Jalón (Salo) is located in the northeast of Spain, and is one of the principal tributaries of the Ebro.

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Jaramillo Quemado

Jaramillo Quemado is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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John of the Cross

John of the Cross (San Juan de la Cruz; 1542 – 14 December 1591) was a major figure of the Counter-Reformation, a Spanish mystic, a Roman Catholic saint, a Carmelite friar and a priest, who was born at Fontiveros, Old Castile.

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José Jiménez Lozano

José Jiménez Lozano (born 13 May 1930) is a Spanish writer.

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José Ortega y Gasset

José Ortega y Gasset (9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher, and essayist.

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José Zorrilla

José Zorrilla y Moral (21 February 181723 January 1893) was a Spanish Romantic poet and dramatist.

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Juan del Encina

Juan del Enzina – the spelling he used – or Juan del Encina – modern Spanish spelling – (born July 12, 1468 – died late 1529 or early 1530)Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed.

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Juan Vicente Herrera

Juan Vicente Herrera Campo (born 23 January 1956 in Burgos) is a Spanish politician, President of the Junta of Castile and León since 2001 and member of the conservative People's Party.

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Juniper

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae.

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Junta of Castile and León

The Junta of Castile and León (Junta de Castilla y León; JCyL) is the governing and administrative body of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León and serves as the executive branch and regulatory authority.

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Karst

Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kingdom of Castile

The Kingdom of Castile (Reino de Castilla, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.

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Kingdom of Galicia

The Kingdom of Galicia (Reino de Galicia, or Galiza; Reino de Galicia; Reino da Galiza; Galliciense Regnum) was a political entity located in southwestern Europe, which at its territorial zenith occupied the entire northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Kingdom of León

The Kingdom of León (Astur-Leonese: Reinu de Llïón, Reino de León, Reino de León, Reino de Leão, Regnum Legionense) was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Kingdom of Portugal

The Kingdom of Portugal (Regnum Portugalliae, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of modern Portugal.

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La Celestina

The Comedy of Calisto and Melibea (Comedia de Calisto y Melibea.), known in Spain as La Celestina is a work entirely in dialogue published in 1499.

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La Pinilla ski resort

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La Rioja (Spain)

La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province in Spain, located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

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La Robla

La Robla is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain.

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Laciana

Laciana, Tsaciana in Leonese language, is a comarca in the province of León, Spain.

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Ladder snake

The ladder snake (Rhinechis scalaris) is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae.

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Laguna de Duero

Laguna de Duero is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Lamb and mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep (species Ovis aries) at different ages.

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Las Edades del Hombre

Las Edades del Hombre is a religious foundation that was created to promote the sacred art of Castilla y León (Spain).

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Las Médulas

Las Médulas is a historic gold-mining site near the town of Ponferrada in the comarca of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain).

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Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.

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Lazarillo de Tormes

The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities (La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades) is a Spanish novella, published anonymously because of its anticlerical content.

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León (historical region)

The region of León or Leonese region (Leonese: rexón de Llïón, región de León and rexón de Llión) is a historic territory defined by the 1833 Spanish administrative organisation.

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León, Spain

León is the capital of the province of León, located in the northwest of Spain.

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Ledesma, Castile and León

Ledesma is a town in the province of Salamanca (Spain).

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Leonese dialect

Leonese is a set of vernacular Romance dialects spoken in the northern and western portions of the historical region of León in Spain (the modern provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca) and a few adjoining areas in Portugal.

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Leonese People's Union

The Leonese People's Union (Unión del Pueblo Leonés, UPL) is a regional political party in Castilla y León, Spain.

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Lerma, Province of Burgos

Lerma is a village in the province of Burgos, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Life expectancy

Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other demographic factors including gender.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.

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List of municipalities in Ávila

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Ávila, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Burgos

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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List of municipalities in León

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of León, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Palencia

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Palencia in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Salamanca

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Segovia

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Segovia in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Soria

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Valladolid

This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Valladolid in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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List of municipalities in Zamora

Zamora is a Spanish province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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List of oldest church buildings

This article lists some but by no means all of the oldest known church buildings in the world.

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Livestock

Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

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Logging

Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lumbardia, pronounced: (Western Lombard), (Eastern Lombard)) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of.

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Los Ancares

Los Ancares is a district in northern Spain, which is noted for its unspoilt landscapes and ecological importance.

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Luis Delso Heras

Luis Delso Heras (born 1952) is a Spanish business management professional.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Man and the Biosphere Programme

Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific programme, launched in 1971 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.

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Marl

Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt.

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Matapozuelos

Matapozuelos is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Mérida, Spain

Mérida (Extremaduran: Méria) is the capital of the autonomous community of Extremadura, western central Spain.

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Medina del Campo

Medina del Campo is a town located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León autonomous region, 45 km from Valladolid.

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Memory of the World Programme

UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme is an international initiative launched to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against collective amnesia, neglect, the ravages of time and climatic conditions, and willful and deliberate destruction.

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Merindad de Sotoscueva

Merindad de Sotoscueva is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed)23 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.

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Miguel de Cervantes European University

Miguel de Cervantes European University (Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, UEMC) is a private university located in Valladolid, Castilla y León (Spain).

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Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish Basque essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca.

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Miguel Delibes

Miguel Delibes Setién MML (17 October 1920 – 12 March 2010) was a Spanish novelist, journalist and newspaper editor associated with the Generation of '36 movement.

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Miranda de Ebro

Miranda de Ebro is a city on the Ebro river in the province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Mirat

S.A. Mirat, also known as Grupo Mirat (Mirat Group), or just as Mirat, is a Spanish company founded in 1812 in Salamanca, dedicated mainly to production of manures and fertilizers.

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Moncayo Massif

Moncayo is a 15 km long and about 7 km wide mountain massif giving name to the Tarazona y el Moncayo comarca, Aragon, Spain.

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Montes de León

The Montes de León (Spanish for "mountains of León", named after the ancient Kingdom of León) is a mountain range in north-western Spain, in the provinces of León and Zamora.

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Morales de Campos

Morales de Campos is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Museum

A museum (plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.

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Narrow-gauge railway

A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than the standard.

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National University of Distance Education

The National University of Distance Education, known in Spanish as Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), is a distance learning and research university founded in 1972 and is the only university run by the central government of Spain.

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Natura 2000

Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Natural landscape

A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture.

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Naturgy

Gas Natural SDG, S.A., formerly Naturgy, is a Spanish natural gas and electrical energy utilities company, which operates primarily in Spain.

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Navarre

Navarre (Navarra, Nafarroa; Navarra), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre (Spanish: Comunidad Foral de Navarra; Basque: Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea), is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.

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Nodicia de kesos

In the early 20th century, Zacarías García Villada discovered the Nodicia de kesos on the backside of a tenth-century parchment recording a gift to the monastery of San Justo y Pastor, which was located in either Chozas de Abajo or Ardón del Esla in the Kingdom of León.

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Numantia

Numantia (Numancia in Spanish) was an ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located 7 km north of the city of Soria, on a hill known as Cerro de la Muela in the municipality of Garray.

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Oña

Oña is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.

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Ojo Guareña

Ojo Guareña is a karst complex located in the Cantabrian Mountains of Castile and Leon, Spain, declared a natural monument by the government of Castile and Leon in 1996.

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Old Castile

Old Castile (Castilla la Vieja) is a historic region of Spain, which included territory that later corresponded to the provinces of Santander (now Cantabria), Burgos, Logroño (now La Rioja), Soria, Segovia, Ávila, Valladolid and Palencia.

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Otter

Otters are carnivorous mammals in the subfamily Lutrinae.

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Palencia

Palencia is a city south of Tierra de Campos, in north-northwest Spain, the capital of the province of Palencia in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Palra d'El Rebollal

Palra d'El Rebollal (Spanish habla del Rebollar) is a dialect of Leonese or Extremaduran spoken in the share of El Rebollal, in Salamanca (Spain): Navasfrías (Navafrías), El Payo (Payu), Peñaparda (Peñaparda), Villasrubias (Villarrubias) and Robleda (Robrea).

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Pampliega

Pampliega is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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Parador

A parador, in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries, is a kind of luxury hotel, usually located in a converted historic building such as a monastery or castle.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Parliamentary system

A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislative branch, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament.

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Páramo del Sil

Páramo del Sil is a municipality of Spain, in the region of El Bierzo, province of León, autonomous region of Castilla y León.

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People's Party (Spain)

The People's Party (Partido Popular; known mostly by its acronym, PP) is a conservative and Christian democratic political party in Spain.

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Peregrine falcon

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a widespread bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae.

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Picos de Europa

The Picos de Europa (literally: "Peaks of Europe", often abbreviated in English to the Picos) are a range of mountains 20 km inland from the northern coast of Spain, in the Autonomous Communities of Asturias, Cantabria and Castile and León; they are part of the Cantabrian Mountains.

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Picos de Urbión

Picos de Urbión, or "Urbion Peaks" is a mountain range in the Sistema Ibérico, Spain, limited by the Sierra de Neila and Sierra Cebollera of the same range.

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Pine

A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus,, of the family Pinaceae.

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Pisuerga

The Pisuerga is a river in northern Spain, the Duero's second largest tributary.

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Podemos (Spanish political party)

Podemos (translated in English as "We can") is a political party in Spain founded in March 2014 by political scientist Pablo Iglesias in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement protests against inequality and corruption.

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Polar front

In meteorology, the polar front is the boundary between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell around the 60° latitude in each hemisphere.

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Ponferrada

Ponferrada (from the Latin Pons Ferrata, Iron Bridge) is the capital city of El Bierzo in the Province of León, Spain.

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Pontifical University of Salamanca

The Pontifical University of Salamanca (in Spanish: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca) is a private Roman Catholic university based in Salamanca, Spain.

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Porto

Porto (also known as Oporto in English) is the second-largest city in Portugal after Lisbon and one of the major urban areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Portugal–Spain border

The Portugal–Spain border is the international boundary between Portugal and Spain.

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Poza de la Sal

Poza de la Sal is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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President of the Junta of Castile and León

The President of the Junta of Castile and León, (Spanish: Presidente de la Junta de Castilla y León) is the executive head of government of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Primus inter pares

Primus inter pares (Πρῶτος μεταξὺ ἴσων) is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals.

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Programme for International Student Assessment

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading.

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Province of Ávila

Ávila is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Burgos

The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Cáceres

The province of Cáceres is a province of western Spain, and makes up the northern half of the autonomous community of Extremadura.

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Province of Guadalajara

Guadalajara (from Arabic وادي الحجارة wādi al-ħajāra, "streambed/valley of stones") is a province of central/north-central Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha.

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Province of León

León is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Lugo

Lugo is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia.

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Province of Ourense

Ourense is a province of northwestern Spain, in the southeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia.

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Province of Palencia

Palencia is a province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Province of Salamanca

Salamanca is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León).

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Province of Segovia

Segovia is a province of central/northern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Soria

Soria is a province of central Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Toledo

Toledo is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha.

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Province of Valladolid

Valladolid is a province of northwest Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Zamora

Zamora is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Province of Zaragoza

Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is a province of northern Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Aragon.

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Quercus faginea

Quercus faginea, the Portuguese oak or Valencian oak, is a species of oak native to the western Mediterranean region in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.

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Quercus ilex

Quercus ilex, the evergreen oak, holly oak or holm oak, is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region.

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Quercus petraea

Quercus petraea, commonly known as the sessile oak, Cornish oak, or durmast oak, is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran.

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Quercus pyrenaica

Quercus pyrenaica, commonly known as Pyrenean oak, is a tree native to southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa.

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Quercus robur

Quercus robur, commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.

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Quercus suber

Quercus suber, commonly called the cork oak, is a medium-sized, evergreen oak tree in the section ''Quercus'' sect. ''Cerris''.

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Quiñonería

Quiñonería is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain.

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Quintana del Puente

Quintana del Puente is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Ramón Menéndez Pidal

Ramón Menéndez Pidal (13 March 1869 - 14 November 1968) was a Spanish philologist and historian.

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Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities

This article includes several ranked indicators for Spain's autonomous communities, as well as for the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

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Reconquista

The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.

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Red Eléctrica de España

Red Eléctrica de España is a partly state-owned and public limited Spanish corporation which operates the national electricity grid in Spain, where it operates the national power transmission system.

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Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country

Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (Partido Regionalista del País Leonés) is a regional political party in Castilla y León, Spain. PREPAL strives to establish a separate autonomous community (País Leonés or Autonomous Community of País Leonés) for the provinces of Salamanca, Zamora and León, (parts of the old Kingdom of León), now in the Autonomous Community of Castile and León. PREPAL was founded in 1980 by Francisco Iglesias Carreño.

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Regionalist Unity of Castile and León

The Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León or Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) is a "regionalist, democratic, modern and innovative political party that, focusing on the principles of freedom, justice and solidarity, assumes the uncompromising defense of the legitimate interests of Castile and León." It grew out of the union of several parties from Salamanca, Palencia, Burgos, Zamora and Valladolid, such as the Democracia Regionalista (Regionalist Democracy) of Castile and León or the Unidad Palentina (Palentine Unit).

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Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

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Renfe Feve

Renfe Feve is a division of state-owned Spanish railway company Renfe Operadora.

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Renfe Operadora

Renfe Operadora is the state-owned company which operates freight and passenger trains on the, the and the networks of the Spanish national railway infrastructure company Adif (Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias—Railway Infrastructure Administration).

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Revolt of the Comuneros

The Revolt of the Comuneros (Guerra de las Comunidades de Castilla, "War of the Communities of Castile") was an uprising by citizens of Castile against the rule of Charles V and his administration between 1520 and 1521.

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Ribera del Duero

Ribera del Duero is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) located in the country's northern plateau and is one of eleven 'quality wine' regions within the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Ribera del Duero (comarca)

The Ribera del Duero is a comarca or district located at the southern tip of the province of Burgos, part of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Roe deer

The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the western roe deer, chevreuil, or simply roe deer or roe, is a Eurasian species of deer.

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Roman law

Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.

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Romanesque art

Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later, depending on region.

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Romanization (cultural)

Romanization or Latinization (or Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.

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Royal Decree-Law (Spain)

A Royal Decree-Law is a legal rule having the force of a law in the Spanish legal system.

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Rueda (DO)

Rueda is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in the Community of Castile and León.

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Rueda, Valladolid

Rueda is a village and municipality in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain.

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Salamanca

Salamanca is a city in northwestern Spain that is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the community of Castile and León.

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Salamander

Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

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San Andrés del Rabanedo

San Andrés del Rabanedo is a municipality located in the Province of León, Castile and León, Spain.

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San Cebrián de Mudá

San Cebrián de Mudá is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Sanabria (comarca)

Sanabria (A Seabra in the Galician language, Senabria in Leonese language) is a comarca in the northwest of the province of Zamora, western Spain.

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Sanabria Lake

Sanabria Lake (Lago de Sanabria) is a lake located 8 km to the northwest of Puebla de Sanabria in the province of Zamora, Spain.

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Santa María de Garoña Nuclear Power Plant

Santa María de Garoña Nuclear Power Plant is a mothballed nuclear power station at Santa María de Garoña, Burgos (Spain).

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Santiago de Compostela

Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain.

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Saucelle Dam

The Saucelle Dam is a gravity dam on the Douro River.

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Scots pine

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a species of pine that is native to Eurasia, ranging from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia, south to the Caucasus Mountains and Anatolia, and north to well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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Segovia

Segovia is a city in the autonomous region of Castile and León, Spain.

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Senate of Spain

The Senate (Senado) is the upper house of Spain's parliament, the Cortes Generales.

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Seville

Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville, Spain.

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Short-toed treecreeper

The short-toed treecreeper (Certhia brachydactyla) is a small passerine bird found in woodlands through much of the warmer regions of Europe and into north Africa.

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Sierra de Ávila

The Sierra de Ávila is a mountain range in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Sierra de Béjar (mountain range)

The Sierra de Béjar is a mountain range near the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Sierra de Francia

The Sierra de Francia is a mountain range located in Sierra de Francia Comarca at the southern end of Salamanca Province, Castile and León, Spain.

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Sierra de Gata

Sierra de Gata (Sierra e Gata) is one of the main mountain ranges in the Sistema Central, Spain.

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Sierra de Gredos

The Sierra de Gredos is a mountain range in central Spain that spans the provinces of Ávila, Salamanca, Cáceres, Madrid, and Toledo.

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Sierra de Guadarrama

The Sierra de Guadarrama (Guadarrama Mountains) is a mountain range forming the main eastern section of the Sistema Central, the system of mountain ranges along the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Siete Partidas

The Siete Partidas ("Seven-Part Code") or simply Partidas was a Castilian statutory code first compiled during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile (1252–1284), with the intent of establishing a uniform body of normative rules for the kingdom.

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Simancas

Simancas is a town and municipality of central Spain, located in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Sistema Central

The Central System, Spanish and Sistema Central, is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Sistema Ibérico

The Iberian System (Sistema Ibérico), is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.

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Ski resort

A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports.

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Smooth snake

Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca)Street D. 1979.

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Sorbus

Sorbus is a genus of about 100–200 species of trees and shrubs in the rose family, Rosaceae.

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Sorbus aria

Sorbus aria (syn. Aria nivea), the whitebeam or common whitebeam, is a European and Near-Eastern deciduous tree, the type species of the subgenus of the whitebeams.

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Soria

Soria is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro river in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and León and capital of the province of Soria.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Spanish imperial eagle

The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti), also known as the Iberian imperial eagle, Spanish eagle, or Adalbert's eagle, is a threatened species of eagle native to the Iberian Peninsula.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Spanish Socialist Workers' Party

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources.

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Special Protection Area

A Special Protection Area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

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Squirrel

Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents.

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Standard-gauge railway

A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of.

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Talpidae

The family Talpidae includes the moles, shrew moles, desmans, and other intermediate forms of small insectivorous mammals of the order Eulipotyphla.

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Tariego de Cerrato

Tariego de Cerrato is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Tawny owl

The tawny owl or brown owl (Strix aluco) is a stocky, medium-sized owl commonly found in woodlands across much of Eurasia.

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Taxus baccata

Taxus baccata is a conifer native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.

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Tâmega (river)

The Tâmega (Tamaca) or Támega is a river in Galicia, Spain and Portugal.

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Televisión Española

Televisión Española (acronym TVE, on lowercase letters: tve, in English "Spanish Television") is the national state-owned public-service television broadcaster in Spain.

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Teresa of Ávila

Saint Teresa of Ávila, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada (28 March 15154 October 1582), was a prominent Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun and author during the Counter Reformation, and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer.

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The Holy Innocents (film)

Los santos or The Holy Innocents is a Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus, based on famous Miguel Delibes' novel of the same title.

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Tiétar (river)

Tiétar is a river of Spain.

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Tierra de Campos

Tierra de Campos ("Land of Fields") is a large historical and natural region or greater comarca that straddles the provinces of León, Zamora, Valladolid and Palencia, in Castile and León, Spain.

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Tierra de León (DO)

Tierra de Léon is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in the south of the province of León, in Castile and León, Spain, and covers an area of 3,317 km2 at an altitude of approximately 900 m above sea level.

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Tilia

Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees, or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

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Tordehumos

Tordehumos is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.

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Tordesillas

Tordesillas is a town and municipality in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, central Spain.

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Tormes

The Tormes is a Spanish river, that starts in Prado Tormejón, in the mountain range of Gredos, Navarredonda de Gredos, province of Ávila.

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Toro (DO)

Toro is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines in the province of Zamora, which is in the northwest of Castile and Léon (Spain).

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Toro, Zamora

Toro is a town and municipality in the province of Zamora, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Torralba, Cuenca

Torralba is a municipality in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.

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Trail

A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.

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Treaty of Tordesillas

The Treaty of Tordesillas (Tratado de Tordesilhas, Tratado de Tordesillas), signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.

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Trout

Trout is the common name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turmodigi

The Turmodigi were a pre-Roman ancient people, later mixed with the Celts people of northern Spain who occupied the area within the Arlanzón and Arlanza river valleys in the 2nd Iron Age.

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Tuscany

Tuscany (Toscana) is a region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013).

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Typical warbler

The typical warblers are small birds belonging to the genus Sylvia in the "Old World warbler" (or sylviid warbler) family Sylviidae.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Unión Fenosa

Unión Fenosa, S.A. was a large Spanish company dedicated to the production and distribution to end users of gas and electricity.

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Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)

The Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD, also translated as "Democratic Centre Union") was an electoral coalition, and later political party, in Spain, existing from 1977 to 1983.

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Union, Progress and Democracy

Union, Progress and Democracy (Unión Progreso y Democracia, UPyD) is a Spanish political party founded in September 2007.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Left (Spain)

United Left (Izquierda Unida, IU) is a political coalition that was organized in 1986, bringing together several left-wing and far-left political organizations.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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University of Burgos

The University of Burgos (in Spanish: Universidad de Burgos and often abbreviated UBU) is a public university in the Spanish city of Burgos with about 10,000 students studying over 30 different undergraduate degrees, over 20 PhD Programmes, as well as several Official Masters and other graduate courses.

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University of León

The University of León is a Spanish public university with campus in León and Ponferrada.

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University of Salamanca

The University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca) is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the city of Salamanca, west of Madrid, in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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University of Valladolid

The University of Valladolid is a public university in the city of Valladolid, province of Valladolid, in the autonomous region of Castile and Leon, Spain.

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Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León

The Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León, is an organ of the Judicial Power of Spain whose main purpose is to exert the jurisdiction, this is, resolve disputes with efficiency of thing judged, in the territory of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It reaches to all his territorial field, in the civil orders, penal, contentious-administrative and social, without prejudice to the competitions that correspond to the High court. Also it has entrusted the resolution of the questions of competition that pose between judicial organs in Castile and Leon.

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Vaccaei

The Vaccaei or Vaccei were a pre-Roman Celtic people of Spain, who inhabited the sedimentary plains of the central Duero valley, in the Meseta Central of northern Hispania (specifically in Castile and León).

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Valladolid

Valladolid is a city in Spain and the de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Variscan orogeny

The Variscan or Hercynian orogeny is a geologic mountain-building event caused by Late Paleozoic continental collision between Euramerica (Laurussia) and Gondwana to form the supercontinent of Pangaea.

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Vía de la Plata

The Vía de La Plata (Silver Way) or Ruta de la Plata (Silver Route) is an ancient commercial and pilgrimage path that crosses the west of Spain from north to south, connecting Mérida to Astorga.

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Velilla del Río Carrión

Velilla del Río Carrión is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Velilla Power Plant

Velilla Power Plant is a coal-fired power plant near the village of Velilla del Río Carrión in the province of Palencia, community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Venta de Baños

Venta de Baños is a small town and municipality of about 6,400 inhabitants located in the Cerrato district of the province of Palencia, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in central Spain.

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Vettones

The Vettones (Greek: Ouettones) were a pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula of possibly Celtic ethnicity.

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Villablino

Villablino (Leonese: Vitsablinu) is a municipality located in the Laciana comarca, province of León, Castile and León, Spain.

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Villanueva de Gormaz

Villanueva de Gormaz is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain.

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Vilvestre

Vilvestre is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon.

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Visigoths

The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi; Visigoti) were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths.

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Western capercaillie

The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the wood grouse, heather cock, or just capercaillie, is the largest member of the grouse family.

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White stork

The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.

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Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine,Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988), Volume I, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, pp.

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Wildcat

The wildcat is a small cat species complex comprising ''Felis silvestris'' and the ''Felis lybica''.

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Wind power

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity.

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Winter sport

A winter sport or winter activity is a recreational activity or sport which is played on snow or ice.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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Zamora, Spain

Zamora is a city in Castile and León, Spain, the capital of the province of Zamora.

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2004 Madrid train bombings

The 2004 Madrid train bombings (also known in Spain as 11-M) were nearly simultaneous, coordinated bombings against the Cercanías commuter train system of Madrid, Spain, on the morning of 11 March 2004 – three days before Spain's general elections.

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Redirects here:

Autonomous Community of Castile and León, Castile & León, Castile and Leon, Castile and Lion, Castile and Léon, Castile and leon, Castile y Leon, Castile y León, Castile-Leon, Castile-León, Castilla León, Castilla and leon, Castilla leon, Castilla y Leon, Castilla y Leon Autonomous Community, Castilla y Leon Autonomous Community, Spain, Castilla y León, Castilla y León Autonomous Community, Castilla y León Autonomous Community, Spain, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-León, Castilla–León, Castille and Leon, Castille and León, Castille and leon, Castille y Leon, Castille y León, Castille-Leon, Castille-León, History of Castile and León.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile_and_León

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