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811 relations: Abbot Oliba, Absolute monarchy, Aeroports de Catalunya, Africa, Agnosticism, Agriculture, Agustí Bartra, Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park, Al-Andalus, Alans, Albera Massif, Albert Serra, Alfonso II of Aragon, Algeciras, Alicante, Almogavars, Alpine climate, Alt Pirineu, Alt Pirineu Natural Park, Alta Ribagorça, Americas, Amposta, Ana María Matute, Anarchism, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Andalusia, Andorra, Andorra–La Seu d'Urgell Airport, Anella Olímpica, Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel), Antoni Gaudí, Antoni Tàpies, Aqueduct (water supply), Ara (newspaper), Aragon, Aranese dialect, Argentona, Art Nouveau, Artur Mas, Asia, Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Association football, Atheism, Atlantic Ocean, Ausiàs March, Autarky, Autonomous communities of Spain, AVE, Avui, ... Expand index (761 more) »
- Autonomous communities of Spain
- Catalan Countries
- Regions of Europe with multiple official languages
- States and territories established in 1932
- States and territories established in 1979
Abbot Oliba
Oliba (971–1046) was the count of Berga and Ripoll (988–1002), and later abbot of the monasteries of Santa Maria de Ripoll and Sant Miquel de Cuixà (1008–1046) and the bishop of Vic (1018–1046).
Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.
See Catalonia and Absolute monarchy
Aeroports de Catalunya
Aeroports de Catalunya is a public company, owned by the Government of Catalonia, and attached to its Ministry of Land and Sustainability.
See Catalonia and Aeroports de Catalunya
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact.
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Agustí Bartra
Agustí Bartra i Lleonart (1908 – 1982) was a Spanish poet, writer, translator and University Professor in Catalan language.
See Catalonia and Agustí Bartra
Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park
Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park (Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici, Parque Nacional de Aiguas Tortas y Lago de San Mauricio), is one of the fifteen Spanish national parks, and the only one located in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Alans
The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa.
Albera Massif
The Albera Massif (Serra de l'Albera; Massif des Albères) is a mountain range located in the south of Pyrénées-Orientales and the north of Catalonia, between France and Spain.
See Catalonia and Albera Massif
Albert Serra
Albert Serra Juanola (born 9 October 1975) is a Spanish independent filmmaker and manager of the production company Andergraun Films, set up by Montse Triola primarily to produce Serra's films.
See Catalonia and Albert Serra
Alfonso II of Aragon
Alfonso II (1–25 March 1157Benito Vicente de Cuéllar (1995),, p. 630-631; in Hidalguía. XLIII (252) pp. 619–632."Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars (1980)..
See Catalonia and Alfonso II of Aragon
Algeciras
Algeciras is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Cádiz, Andalusia.
Alicante
Alicante (Alacant) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain.
Almogavars
Almogavars (almogávares; almugávares; almogàvers; almogávares; originally translit) is the name of a class of light infantry soldier originated in the Crown of Aragon used in the later phases of the Reconquista, during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Alpine climate
Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold.
See Catalonia and Alpine climate
Alt Pirineu
Alt Pirineu (English: Upper Pyrenees) is one of the nine regions (vegueries) of Catalonia.
Alt Pirineu Natural Park
Alt Pirineu Natural Park (Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu) is the largest natural park in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Alt Pirineu Natural Park
Alta Ribagorça
Alta Ribagorça is a comarca in the Alt Pirineu region, in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Alta Ribagorça
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.
Amposta
Amposta is the capital of the comarca of Montsià, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, 190 km south of Barcelona on the Mediterranean Coast.
Ana María Matute
Ana María Matute Ausejo (26 July 1925 – 25 June 2014) was an internationally acclaimed Spanish writer and member of the Real Academia Española.
See Catalonia and Ana María Matute
Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
See Catalonia and Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
See Catalonia and Ancient Rome
Andalusia
Andalusia (Andalucía) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. Catalonia and Andalusia are autonomous communities of Spain and NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
Andorra
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Catalonia and Andorra are catalan Countries.
Andorra–La Seu d'Urgell Airport
Andorra–La Seu d'Urgell Airport (Aeroport Andorra–La Seu d'Urgell, Aeropuerto Andorra–La Seu d'Urgell) is a public airport owned by the government of Catalonia and hosts general aviation and commercial flights.
See Catalonia and Andorra–La Seu d'Urgell Airport
Anella Olímpica
Anella Olímpica (Olympic Ring) is an Olympic Park located on the hill of Montjuïc, Barcelona, that was the main site for the 1992 Summer Olympics.
See Catalonia and Anella Olímpica
Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)
Antena 3 (Antena Tres) is a Spanish terrestrial television channel part of Atresmedia, of which it is the flagship station.
See Catalonia and Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)
Antoni Gaudí
Antoni Gaudí i Cornet (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Catalan architect and designer from Spain, known as the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism.
See Catalonia and Antoni Gaudí
Antoni Tàpies
Antoni Tàpies i Puig, 1st Marquess of Tàpies (13 December 1923 – 6 February 2012) was a Catalan painter, sculptor and art theorist.
See Catalonia and Antoni Tàpies
Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.
See Catalonia and Aqueduct (water supply)
Ara (newspaper)
Ara (meaning Now in English) is a Catalan daily Spanish newspaper that began publication on 28 November 2010, coinciding with the 2010 Catalan regional election.
See Catalonia and Ara (newspaper)
Aragon
Aragon (Spanish and Aragón; Aragó) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Catalonia and Aragon are autonomous communities of Spain and NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
Aranese dialect
Aranese (aranés) is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in northwestern Catalonia close to the Spanish border with France, where it is one of the three official languages beside Catalan and Spanish.
See Catalonia and Aranese dialect
Argentona
Argentona is a municipality in the comarca of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain.
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts.
Artur Mas
Artur Mas i Gavarró (born 31 January 1956) is a Catalan politician.
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
Assemblea Nacional Catalana
The Assemblea Nacional Catalana (in English: Catalan National Assembly, ANC by its Catalan acronym) is an organization that seeks the political independence of Catalonia from Spain.
See Catalonia and Assemblea Nacional Catalana
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Catalonia and Association football
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
See Catalonia and Atlantic Ocean
Ausiàs March
Ausiàs March (Catalan and; 1400March 3, 1459) was a medieval Valencian poet and knight from Gandia, Valencia.
See Catalonia and Ausiàs March
Autarky
Autarky is the characteristic of self-sufficiency, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their economic systems.
Autonomous communities of Spain
In Spain, an autonomous community (comunidad autónoma) is the first sub-national level of political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Spanish Constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy of the nationalities and regions that make up Spain. Catalonia and autonomous communities of Spain are NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
See Catalonia and Autonomous communities of Spain
AVE
Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.
Avui
Avui was a Catalan-language daily newspaper, based in Barcelona, Catalonia.
Àger
Àger is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Noguera in Catalonia, Spain.
Àmbit metropolità de Barcelona
Àmbit metropolità de Barcelona (Barcelona Metropolitan Demarcation), also referred to as the vegueria of Barcelona, is one of the nine regions (vegueries) of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Àmbit metropolità de Barcelona
Àngel Guimerà
Àngel Guimerà i Jorge (6 May 1845 or 6 May 1847 or 1849 – 18 July 1924), usually known simply as Àngel Guimerà, was a Catalan playwright.
See Catalonia and Àngel Guimerà
Òmnium Cultural
Òmnium Cultural is a Spanish association based in Barcelona, Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Òmnium Cultural
Badalona
Badalona is a municipality in Barcelonès county, in Catalonia (Spain).
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands (Illes Balears; Islas Baleares or) are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Catalonia and Balearic Islands are autonomous communities of Spain, catalan Countries, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union and regions of Europe with multiple official languages.
See Catalonia and Balearic Islands
Balearic Sea
The Balearic Sea (endotoponym: Mar Balear in Catalan and Spanish) also known as Iberian Sea, is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Balearic Islands and mainland Spain.
See Catalonia and Balearic Sea
Ball de bastons
Ball de bastons (stick dance) is the name of a ritual weapon dance spread throughout Europe and the rest of the Iberian area (cossiers in Majorca, Portuguese pauliteiros, Aragonese palotiau, Basque ezpatadantza and Spanish paloteo or troqueado) but mostly in Catalonia, Valencia, Aragón and Castilla y León where it is UNESCO heritage.
See Catalonia and Ball de bastons
Ban on bullfighting in Catalonia
Bullfighting was banned in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia by a vote of the Catalan Parliament in July 2010.
See Catalonia and Ban on bullfighting in Catalonia
Banco Sabadell
Banco de Sabadell, S.A. (Banc Sabadell) is a Spanish multinational financial services company headquartered in Alicante and Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and Banco Sabadell
Banyoles
Banyoles is a city of 20,168 inhabitants (2021) located in the province of Girona in northeastern Catalonia, Spain.
Barcelona
Barcelona is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain.
Barcelona metropolitan area
The Barcelona urban area is an urban area in Catalonia (Spain) centered on the city of Barcelona and located less than 100 km south of the border with France.
See Catalonia and Barcelona metropolitan area
Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art
The Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona,, MACBA) is a contemporary art museum situated in the Plaça dels Àngels, in El Raval neighborhood, Ciutat Vella district, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art
Barcelona School of Film
The Barcelona School of Film was a 1960s group of Catalan filmmakers, concerned with the disruption of daily life by the unexpected, whose stylistic affinities lie with the pop art movement of the same years.
See Catalonia and Barcelona School of Film
Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia
The Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia (Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona i Nacional de Catalunya, OBC) is a symphony orchestra based in Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia
Barcelonès
Barcelonès is the most populated comarca (county) of Catalonia, Spain.
Baroque
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s.
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Basque Country (autonomous community)
The Basque Country (Euskadi; País Vasco), also called the Basque Autonomous Community, is an autonomous community in northern Spain. Catalonia and Basque Country (autonomous community) are autonomous communities of Spain, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union, regions of Europe with multiple official languages and states and territories established in 1979.
See Catalonia and Basque Country (autonomous community)
Battle of the Ebro
The Battle of the Ebro (Batalla del Ebro, Batalla de l'Ebre) was the longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War and the greatest, in terms of manpower, logistics and material ever fought on Spanish soil.
See Catalonia and Battle of the Ebro
Bear
Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.
Berber languages
The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Catalonia and Berber languages
Betevé
Betevé, stylized betevé, formerly called Barcelona Televisió, is a Spanish free-to-air television channel in Catalan language, that is broadcast in Barcelona and its neighboring county, owned by the City Council of Barcelona.
Bigas Luna
José Juan Bigas Luna (19 March 1946 – 5 April 2013) was a Spanish film director, designer and artist.
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
Blanes
Blanes is a town and municipality in the comarca of Selva in Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Bombing of Barcelona
The Bombing of Barcelona was a series of airstrikes led by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany supporting the Franco-led Nationalist rebel army, which took place from 16 to 18 March 1938, during the Spanish Civil War.
See Catalonia and Bombing of Barcelona
Bonaplata Factory
The Bonaplata Factory (1832-1838) (also known as El Vapor) was the first factory in Spain to successfully use steam engines (using them to drive mechanical textile machinery), the first foundry to manufacture and repair cast-iron machinery for sale to the textile industry and, significantly, gained government concessions that definitively demonstrated the government's commitment to domestic manufacturing.
See Catalonia and Bonaplata Factory
Borrell II, Count of Barcelona
Borrell II (died 993) was Count of Barcelona, Girona and Ausona from 945 and Count of Urgell from 948.
See Catalonia and Borrell II, Count of Barcelona
Botifarra
Botifarra (butifarra; boutifarre) is a type of sausage and one of the most important dishes of the Catalan cuisine.
Bread
Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Brown bear
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America.
Buffer zone
A buffer zone is a neutral zonal area that lies between two or more bodies of land, usually pertaining to countries.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Catalonia and Byzantine Empire
Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park
The Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park (Parc Natural del Cadí-Moixeró) is a natural park to the north of Catalonia, Spain, near the border with Andorra.
See Catalonia and Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park
Caganer
A Caganer is a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas such as Andorra, Valencia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia (in southern France).
CaixaForum Barcelona
CaixaForum Barcelona is a cultural center in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and CaixaForum Barcelona
Calçot
Calçot is a type of green onion.
California
California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Catalonia and Cambridge University Press
Camp de Tarragona
Camp de Tarragona is a natural and historical region, as well as one of the nine regions (''vegueries'') of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Camp de Tarragona
Camp Nou
Camp Nou (meaning New Field, often referred to in English as the Nou Camp, currently known as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship reasons) is a stadium in Barcelona and the home of La Liga club Barcelona since its opening in 1957.
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Catalonia and Canary Islands are autonomous communities of Spain and NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
See Catalonia and Canary Islands
Cap de Creus
The Cap de Creus (Cabo de Creus in Spanish) is a peninsula and a headland located at the far northeast of Catalonia, some south from the French border.
See Catalonia and Cap de Creus
Capital city
A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational division, usually as its seat of the government.
See Catalonia and Capital city
Carles Puigdemont
Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó (born 29 December 1962) is a Catalan politician and journalist from Spain.
See Catalonia and Carles Puigdemont
Carles Riba
Carles Riba i Bracons (23 September 189312 July 1959) was a Catalan poet, writer and translator of Spanish nationality.
Carlism
Carlism (Karlismo; Carlisme) is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty, one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855), on the Spanish throne.
Carlist Wars
The Carlist Wars (karlistadak) were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century.
See Catalonia and Carlist Wars
Carlos Baguer
Carlos (or Carles) Baguer (March 1768 – 29 February 1808) was a Spanish classical era composer and organist.
See Catalonia and Carlos Baguer
Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.
See Catalonia and Carolingian Empire
Carthage
Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia.
Casa Batlló
() is a building in the center of Barcelona, Spain.
Casa Milà
Casa Milà, popularly known as La Pedrera ("the stone quarry") in reference to its unconventional rough-hewn appearance, is a Modernista building in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Casa Vicens
Casa Vicens is a modernist building situated in the Gràcia neighbourhood of Barcelona.
Castell
A castell (literally, castle) is a human tower built traditionally at festivals in a part of Catalonia (Spain), now also found in the rest of Catalonia, in the Balearic islands and in the Valencian Community.
Castellan
A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe.
Castile (historical region)
Castile or Castille is a territory of imprecise limits located in Spain.
See Catalonia and Castile (historical region)
Castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders.
Catalan Central Depression
The Catalan Central Depression (Depressió Central Catalana) is a natural depression between the Pre-Pyrenees and the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range in Spain.
See Catalonia and Catalan Central Depression
Catalan Civil War
The Catalan Civil War, also called the Catalonian Civil War or the War against John II, was a civil war in the Principality of Catalonia, then part of the Crown of Aragon, between 1462 and 1472.
See Catalonia and Catalan Civil War
Catalan Coastal Range
The Catalan Coastal Range (Serralada Litoral Catalana) is a system of mountain ranges running parallel to the Mediterranean Sea coast in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Catalan Coastal Range
Catalan Company
The Catalan Company or the Great Catalan Company (Gran Companyia Catalana; Exercitus francorum, Societas exercitus catalanorum, Societas cathalanorum, or Magna Societas Catalanorum) was a company of mercenaries led by Roger de Flor in the early 14th century and hired by the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos to combat the increasing power of the Anatolian beyliks.
See Catalonia and Catalan Company
Catalan constitutions
The Catalan constitutions (Constitucions catalanes) were the laws of the Principality of Catalonia promulgated by the Count of Barcelona and approved by the Catalan Courts.
See Catalonia and Catalan constitutions
Catalan counties
The Catalan counties (Comtats Catalans) were those surviving counties of the Hispanic March and the southernmost part of the March of Gothia that were later united to form the Principality of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Catalan counties
Catalan Countries
The Catalan Countries (Països Catalans) are those territories where the Catalan language is spoken.
See Catalonia and Catalan Countries
Catalan Courts
The Catalan Courts or General Court of Catalonia (Corts Catalanes or Cort General de Catalunya) were the policymaking and parliamentary body of the Principality of Catalonia from the 13th to the 18th century.
See Catalonia and Catalan Courts
Catalan declaration of independence
The Catalan declaration of independence (Declaració d'independència de Catalunya; Declaración de Independencia de Cataluña) was a resolution that was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017.
See Catalonia and Catalan declaration of independence
Catalan Football Federation
The Catalan Football Federation (Federació Catalana de Futbol, Federación Catalana de Fútbol; FCF) is the football association responsible for administering football in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Catalan Football Federation
Catalan Gothic
Catalan Gothic is an artistic style, with particular characteristics in the field of architecture.
See Catalonia and Catalan Gothic
Catalan independence movement
The Catalan independence movement (independentisme català; independentismo catalán; independentisme catalan) is a social and political movement (with roots in Catalan nationalism) which seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain. Catalonia and catalan independence movement are catalan Countries.
See Catalonia and Catalan independence movement
Catalan language
Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.
See Catalonia and Catalan language
Catalan literature
Catalan literature (or Valencian literature) is the name conventionally used to refer to literature written in the Catalan language.
See Catalonia and Catalan literature
Catalan nationalism
Catalan nationalism promotes the idea that the Catalan people form a distinct nation and national identity. Catalonia and Catalan nationalism are catalan Countries.
See Catalonia and Catalan nationalism
Catalan Republic (1641)
The Catalan Republic (República Catalana) was a short-lived independent state under French protection established in 1641 by the Junta de Braços (assembly of Estates) of the Principality of Catalonia led by the President of the Generalitat, Pau Claris, during the Reapers' War (1640–1652).
See Catalonia and Catalan Republic (1641)
Catalan Republic (1931)
The Catalan Republic (República Catalana) was a state proclaimed in 1931 by Francesc Macià as the "Catalan Republic within the Iberian Federation", in the context of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.
See Catalonia and Catalan Republic (1931)
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí
The Churches of the Vall de Boí are a set of nine Early Romanesque churches declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO and located in the Vall de Boí, in the Catalan comarca of Alta Ribagorça (Province of Lleida).
See Catalonia and Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí
Catalan rumba
The Catalan rumba (rumba catalana) is a genre of music that developed in Barcelona's Romani community beginning in the 1950s and 1960s.
See Catalonia and Catalan rumba
Catalan shawm
In music, a Catalan shawm is one of two varieties of shawm, an oboe-like woodwind musical instrument played in Catalonia in northeastern Spain.
See Catalonia and Catalan shawm
Catalan Sign Language
Catalan Sign Language (Llengua de signes catalana, LSC) is a sign language used by around 18,000 people in different areas of Spain including Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Catalan Sign Language
Catalans
Catalans (Catalan, French and Occitan: catalans; catalanes, Italian: catalani, cadelanos) are a Romance ethnic group native to Catalonia, who speak Catalan.
Catalauni
The Catalauni (Gaulish: *Catu-uellaunoi 'war-chiefs') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Champagne region during the Roman period.
Catalonia national football team
The Catalonia national football team (Selecció de futbol de Catalunya) is the official football team of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Catalonia national football team
Catalunya Central
Central Catalonia, also known as Comarques Centrals, is one of the nine regions (vegueries) of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Catalunya Central
Catalunya Ràdio
Catalunya Ràdio is Catalonia's public radio network.
See Catalonia and Catalunya Ràdio
Caterina Albert
Caterina Albert i Paradís (L'Escala, Spain, 11 September 1869 — 27 January 1966), better known by her pen name Víctor Català, was a Catalan writer in Catalan and Spanish who participated in the Modernisme movement and was the author of one of the signature works of the genre, Solitud (Solitude) (1905).
See Catalonia and Caterina Albert
Catherine Wihtol de Wenden
Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (born 6 June 1950) is a French political scientist.
See Catalonia and Catherine Wihtol de Wenden
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Catalonia and Catholic Church
Catholic Church in Spain
The Spanish Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Spain, is part of the Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the Spanish Episcopal Conference.
See Catalonia and Catholic Church in Spain
Catholic Monarchs of Spain
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain.
See Catalonia and Catholic Monarchs of Spain
Cava (Spanish wine)
Cava (caves) is a sparkling wine of denominación de origen (DO) status from Spain.
See Catalonia and Cava (Spanish wine)
César Awards
The César Award is the national film award of France.
See Catalonia and César Awards
CEDA
The Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA) was a Spanish political party in the Second Spanish Republic.
Celtiberians
The Celtiberians were a group of Celts and Celticized peoples inhabiting an area in the central-northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BC.
See Catalonia and Celtiberians
Central Catalan
Central Catalan (català central) is an Eastern Catalan dialect spoken in the whole province of Barcelona, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona and most of the province of Girona, except for its northern part, where a transition to Northern Catalan begins.
See Catalonia and Central Catalan
Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.
See Catalonia and Central European Summer Time
Central European Time
Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
See Catalonia and Central European Time
Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona
The Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (also known by its acronym, CCCB) is an arts centre in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona
Cerdanya
Cerdanya (Cerdaña,; Cerdagne) or often La Cerdanya is a natural comarca and historical region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain.
Cerdanya (comarca)
Cerdanya (Baja Cerdaña,; Basse-Cerdagne) is a ''comarca'' in northern Catalonia, in the Pyrenees, on the border of Catalonia with France and Andorra.
See Catalonia and Cerdanya (comarca)
Cervera
Cervera is the capital of the comarca of Segarra, in the province of Lleida, Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain.
Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
See Catalonia and Chalcolithic
Charles II of Spain
Charles II of Spain (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), also known as the Bewitched (El Hechizado), was King of Spain from 1665 to 1700.
See Catalonia and Charles II of Spain
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
See Catalonia and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles VI (Karl; Carolus; 1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I.
See Catalonia and Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles-Pierre Augereau
Charles Pierre François Augereau, 1st Duke of Castiglione (21 October 1757 – 12 June 1816) was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
See Catalonia and Charles-Pierre Augereau
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
See Catalonia and Christianity
Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.
Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus.
See Catalonia and Christmas Eve
Christmas traditions
Christmas traditions include a variety of customs, religious practices, rituals, and folklore associated with the celebration of Christmas.
See Catalonia and Christmas traditions
Church of Colònia Güell
The Church of Colònia Güell (Cripta de la Colònia Güell) is an unfinished work by Antoni Gaudí.
See Catalonia and Church of Colònia Güell
Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is a motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
Citizens (Spanish political party)
Citizens (Ciudadanos; Ciutadans; shortened as Cs—C's until January 2017), officially Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos–Partido de la Ciudadanía), is a liberal political party in Spain.
See Catalonia and Citizens (Spanish political party)
Civil Code of Catalonia
The Civil Code of Catalonia (in Catalan: Codi Civil de Catalunya) is the main codified law of civil law in force in Catalonia, adopted in 2002 and organized into six books.
See Catalonia and Civil Code of Catalonia
Civil Guard (Spain)
The Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) is one of the two national law enforcement agencies of Spain.
See Catalonia and Civil Guard (Spain)
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
See Catalonia and Civil law (legal system)
Claude Simon
Claude Simon (10 October 1913 – 6 July 2005) was a French novelist and was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Literature.
See Catalonia and Claude Simon
Claudi Lorenzale
Claudi Lorenzale i Sugrañes (8 December 1814 – 31 March 1889) was a Spanish painter, associated with the German Nazarene movement and local efforts to recover the history of the Catalan region.
See Catalonia and Claudi Lorenzale
CNBC
CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments).
See Catalonia and Coat of arms
Cobla
The cobla (plural cobles) is a traditional music ensemble of Catalonia, and in Northern Catalonia in France.
Colonies in antiquity
Colonies in antiquity were post-Iron Age city-states founded from a mother-city or metropolis rather than a territory-at-large.
See Catalonia and Colonies in antiquity
Comarca
A comarca is a traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Comarcal council
The comarcal council (Catalan: consell comarcal, Galician: consello comarcal, Aragonese: concello comarcal, Spanish: consejo comarcal), also somewhat misleadingly referred to as county council, is a local administration and government body in the comarcas of some parts of Spain, mostly in the autonomous communities of Catalonia, Aragon and the Basque Country.
See Catalonia and Comarcal council
Comarques Gironines
Comarques Gironines (English: Girona counties) or the Girona region is the northeasternmost of the nine regions (vegueries) of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Comarques Gironines
Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Comarques of Catalonia
Commonwealth of Catalonia
The Commonwealth of Catalonia (Mancomunitat de Catalunya) was a deliberative assembly made up of the councillors of the four provinces of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Commonwealth of Catalonia
Communism
Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.
Community of Madrid
The Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. Catalonia and community of Madrid are autonomous communities of Spain and NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
See Catalonia and Community of Madrid
Composite monarchy
A composite monarchy (or composite state) is a historical category, introduced by H. G. Koenigsberger in 1975 and popularised by Sir John H. Elliott, that describes early modern states consisting of several countries under one ruler, sometimes designated as a personal union, who governs his territories as if they were separate kingdoms, in accordance with local traditions and legal structures.
See Catalonia and Composite monarchy
Compromise of Caspe
The 1412 Compromise of Caspe (Compromiso de Caspe in Spanish, Compromís de Casp in Catalan) was an act and resolution of parliamentary representatives of the constituent realms of the Crown of Aragon (the Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Valencia, and Principality of Catalonia), meeting in Caspe, to resolve the interregnum following the death of King Martin of Aragon in 1410 without a legitimate heir.
See Catalonia and Compromise of Caspe
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The (National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT).
See Catalonia and Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Congress of Deputies
The Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) is the lower house of the, Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate.
See Catalonia and Congress of Deputies
Conselh Generau d'Aran
The General Council of Aran (Aranese: Conselh Generau d'Aran) is the autonomous governing body of the territory of the Aran Valley in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Conselh Generau d'Aran
Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu
Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu is a music college in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu
Constitutio Antoniniana
The Constitutio Antoniniana (Latin for "Constitution of Antoninus"), also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, was an edict issued in AD 212 by the Roman emperor Caracalla.
See Catalonia and Constitutio Antoniniana
Constitution of Spain
The Spanish Constitution (Constitución Española) is the supreme law of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Catalonia and Constitution of Spain
Constitutional Court of Spain
The Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional) is the supreme interpreter of the Spanish Constitution, with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes made by any public body, central, regional, or local in Spain.
See Catalonia and Constitutional Court of Spain
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.
See Catalonia and Constitutional monarchy
Continental climate
Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters).
See Catalonia and Continental climate
Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.
See Catalonia and Continental Europe
Contradanza
Contradanza (also called contradanza criolla, danza, danza criolla, or habanera) is the Spanish and Spanish-American version of the contradanse, which was an internationally popular style of music and dance in the 18th century, derived from the English country dance and adopted at the court of France.
Convergence and Union
Convergence and Union (Convergència i Unió, CiU) was a Catalan nationalist electoral alliance in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Convergence and Union
Cornellà de Llobregat
Cornellà de Llobregat (Cornellá de Llobregat) is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Cornellà de Llobregat
Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals
The Catalan Media Corporation (Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals, CCMA) is the public radio and television company in Catalonia owned by Generalitat de Catalunya.
See Catalonia and Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals
Correfoc
Correfocs; literally in English "fire-runs") are among the most striking features present in Valencian and Catalan festivals. In the correfoc, a group of individuals will dress as devils and light up fireworks – fixed on devil's pitchforks or strung above the route. Dancing to the sound of a rhythmic drum group, they set off their fireworks among crowds of spectators.
Costa Brava
The Costa Brava ("Wild Coast" or "Rough Coast") is a coastal region of Catalonia in northeastern Spain.
Costa Daurada
The Costa Daurada (Costa Dorada, meaning in English "Golden Coast") is an area on the coast of Catalonia, Spain, between Cunit and Alcanar on the Mediterranean Sea.
See Catalonia and Costa Daurada
Costa del Maresme
The Costa del Maresme is a section of the Catalan coast that coincides with the coast of the Maresme region and covers a total of sixteen municipalities from Montgat to the mouth of the Tordera (Malgrat de Mar).
See Catalonia and Costa del Maresme
Count of Barcelona
The count of Barcelona (comte de Barcelona, conde de Barcelona, comte de Barcelone) was the ruler of the County of Barcelona and also, by extension and according with the Usages and Catalan constitutions, of the Principality of Catalonia as Princeps for much of Catalan history, from the 9th century until the 18th century.
See Catalonia and Count of Barcelona
Counterurbanization
Counterurbanization, or deurbanization, is a demographic and social process in which people move from urban areas to rural areas.
See Catalonia and Counterurbanization
County
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL.
County of Barcelona
The County of Barcelona (Comitatus Barcinonensis, Comtat de Barcelona) was a polity in northeastern Iberian Peninsula, originally located in the southern frontier region of the Carolingian Empire.
See Catalonia and County of Barcelona
County of Foix
The County of Foix (Comté de Foix,; Comtat de Fois) was a medieval fief in southern France, and later a province of France, whose territory corresponded roughly the eastern part of the modern département of Ariège (the western part of Ariège being Couserans).
See Catalonia and County of Foix
County of Roussillon
The County of Roussillon (Comtat de Rosselló,, Comitatus Ruscinonensis) was one of the Catalan counties in the Marca Hispanica during the Middle Ages.
See Catalonia and County of Roussillon
Crème brûlée
Crème brûlée or crème brulée, also known as burnt cream or Trinity cream, and virtually identical to crema catalana, is a dessert consisting of a rich custard base topped with a layer of hardened caramelized sugar.
See Catalonia and Crème brûlée
Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes.
See Catalonia and Criminal justice
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of AragonCorona d'Aragón;Corona d'Aragó,;Corona de Aragón;Corona Aragonum.
See Catalonia and Crown of Aragon
Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval polity in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne.
See Catalonia and Crown of Castile
Cuatro (TV channel)
Cuatro (stylized as cuatro°, "Four") is a Spanish free-to-air television channel that was launched in November 2005.
See Catalonia and Cuatro (TV channel)
Cubism
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement begun in Paris that revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and influenced artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture.
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the heritage of tangible and intangible heritage assets of a group or society that is inherited from past generations.
See Catalonia and Cultural heritage
Dalí Theatre and Museum
The Dalí Theatre and Museum (Teatre-Museu Dalí,; Teatro-Museo Dalí) is a museum dedicated to the artist Salvador Dalí in his home town of Figueres, in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Dalí Theatre and Museum
Date and time notation in Catalonia
Catalonia uses certain conventions for presenting dates and times.
See Catalonia and Date and time notation in Catalonia
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Denominación de origen
In Spain, the denominación de origenIn other languages of Spain.
See Catalonia and Denominación de origen
Dessert
Dessert is a course that concludes a meal.
Devolution
Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level.
Documentary film
A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion picture intended to "document reality, primarily for instruction, education or maintaining a historical record".
See Catalonia and Documentary film
Dolphin
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale).
Domènec Terradellas
Domènec Terradellas (baptized 13 February 1713, Barcelona – 20 May 1751, Rome) was a Spanish opera composer.
See Catalonia and Domènec Terradellas
Duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or queen in Western European tradition.
Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
See Catalonia and Duchy of Athens
Duchy of Neopatras
The Duchy of Neopatras (Ducat de Neopàtria; Ducatu di Neopatria; Δουκάτο Νέων Πατρών; Ducatus Neopatriae) was a principality in southern Thessaly, established in 1319.
See Catalonia and Duchy of Neopatras
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Catalonia and Eastern Europe
Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
See Catalonia and Eastern Orthodoxy
Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque; Ebre) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain.
Ebro Delta
The Ebro Delta (Delta de l'Ebre,; Delta del Ebro) is the delta region of the Ebro River (Ebre, Ebro) in the southwest of the Province of Tarragona in the region of Catalonia in Spain.
Ecological footprint
The ecological footprint measures human demand on natural capital, i.e. the quantity of nature it takes to support people and their economies.
See Catalonia and Ecological footprint
Eduard Toldrà
Eduard Toldrà Soler (Vilanova i la Geltrú 7 April 1895 – Barcelona, 31 May 1962) was a Spanish Catalan composer and conductor.
See Catalonia and Eduard Toldrà
Eight-hour day
The eight-hour day (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses of working time.
See Catalonia and Eight-hour day
Eixample
The Eixample (Expansion) is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and what were once surrounding small towns (Sants, Gràcia, Sant Andreu, etc.), constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
El 33
El 33 is Catalonia's second public television channel.
El Bulli
El Bulli was a restaurant near the town of Roses, Spain, run by chef Ferran Adrià, later joined by Albert Adrià, and renowned for its modernist cuisine.
El Celler de Can Roca
El Celler de Can Roca is a restaurant in Girona, Catalonia, Spain opened in 1986 by the Roca brothers, Joan, Josep and Jordi.
See Catalonia and El Celler de Can Roca
El Mundo (Spain)
(), before, is the second largest printed daily newspaper in Spain.
See Catalonia and El Mundo (Spain)
El País
() is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain.
El Periódico de Catalunya
El Periódico de Catalunya, also simply known as El Periódico, is a morning daily newspaper based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and El Periódico de Catalunya
El Punt
El Punt was a Catalan daily newspaper based in Girona, Catalonia (Spain).
El Vendrell
El Vendrell is a town located in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, in the wine-growing region of Penedès.
Els Pets
Els Pets is a Catalan pop rock band with lead singer, composer and guitarist Lluís Gavaldà from the village of Constantí (province of Tarragona, Catalonia).
Els Segadors
"Els Segadors" ("The Reapers") is the official national anthem of Catalonia, nationality and autonomous community of Spain.
See Catalonia and Els Segadors
Els Setze Jutges
Els Setze Jutges (meaning "The Sixteen Judges") was a group of singers in the Catalan language founded in 1961 by Miquel Porter i Moix, Remei Margarit, and Josep Maria Espinàs.
See Catalonia and Els Setze Jutges
Embezzlement
Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a term commonly used for a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer.
See Catalonia and Embezzlement
Empúries
Empúries (Empúries) was an ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Catalonia, Spain.
Empordà
Empordà (Ampurdán) is a natural and historical region of Catalonia, Spain, divided since 1936 into two comarques, Alt Empordà and Baix Empordà.
Empordà (DO)
Empordà is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) (Denominació d'Origen Protegida in Catalan) for wines produced in the northeastern corner of Catalonia, Spain in the province of Girona.
See Catalonia and Empordà (DO)
ENAIRE
ENAIRE is the air navigation manager in Spain, certified for the provision of enroute, approach and aerodrome control services.
Enric Miralles
Enric Miralles Moya (12 February 1955 – 3 July 2000) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona, Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Enric Miralles
Enrique Granados
Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916), commonly known as Enrique Granados in Spanish or Enric Granados in Catalan, was a Spanish composer of classical music, and concert pianist from Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Enrique Granados
Epipalaeolithic
In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age.
See Catalonia and Epipalaeolithic
Escudella
Escudella i carn d'olla, or shorter escudella, is a traditional Catalan and Valencian soup made with meat and vegetables.
Esport3
Esport3 is a TV channel of Televisió de Catalunya dedicated to sports programming.
Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys
Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys (formerly known as the Estadi de Montjuïc and Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc) is a stadium in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys
Estanislao Figueras
Estanislao Figueras y de Moragas (Estanislau Figueras i de Moragas; 13 November 1819 – 11 November 1882) was a Spanish politician who served as the first President of the First Spanish Republic from 12 February to 11 June 1873.
See Catalonia and Estanislao Figueras
Estates of the realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe.
See Catalonia and Estates of the realm
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Eugenio d'Ors
Eugeni d'Ors Rovira (Barcelona, 28 September 1882 – Vilanova i la Geltrú, 25 September 1954) was a Spanish writer, essayist, journalist, philosopher and art critic.
See Catalonia and Eugenio d'Ors
EUobserver
EUobserver is a European online newspaper, launched in 2000 by the Brussels-based organisation EUobserver.com ASBL.
Euronews
Euronews (stylised in lowercase) is a European television news network, headquartered in Lyon, France.
European Region of Gastronomy
The European Region of Gastronomy is a title given every year to one or more cities or regions in Europe.
See Catalonia and European Region of Gastronomy
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
See Catalonia and European Union
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.
See Catalonia and Evangelicalism
Events of 6 October
The events of 6 October (Fets del sis d'octubre) were a general strike, armed insurgency and declaration of a Catalan State by Catalonia's autonomous government on 6 October 1934, in reaction to the inclusion of conservatives in the republican regime of Spain.
See Catalonia and Events of 6 October
Evil customs
Evil customs (Catalan: mals usos, lit. "bad uses") were specific medieval feudal customs, generally levies, which peasants were subjected to by their feudal lords in the Crown of Aragon and other European countries.
See Catalonia and Evil customs
Executive Council of Catalonia
The Executive Council of Catalonia (Consell Executiu) or the Executive Government of Catalonia (Catalan: Govern de Catalunya) is the executive branch of the Generalitat of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Executive Council of Catalonia
Extremadura
Extremadura (Estremaúra; Estremadura; Fala: Extremaúra) is a landlocked autonomous community of Spain. Catalonia and Extremadura are autonomous communities of Spain and NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
Falset, Tarragona
Falset is the principal village of the comarca of the Priorat, in Catalonia, very famous for its wine.
See Catalonia and Falset, Tarragona
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
FC Barcelona
Futbol Club Barcelona, commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça, is a professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, that competes in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football.
See Catalonia and FC Barcelona
FC Barcelona media
Barça TV was a Spanish television channel operated by FC Barcelona.
See Catalonia and FC Barcelona media
Federalism
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general government (the central or federal government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two.
Felip Pedrell
Felip Pedrell Sabaté (Spanish: Felipe) (19 February 1841 – 19 August 1922) was a Catalan composer, guitarist and musicologist.
See Catalonia and Felip Pedrell
Felipe VI
Felipe VI (Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Grecia; born 30 January 1968) is King of Spain.
Ferdinand I of Aragon
Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I; 27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416 in Igualada, Òdena) named Ferdinand of Antequera and also the Just (or the Honest) was king of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia and (nominal) Corsica and king of Sicily, duke (nominal) of Athens and Neopatria, and count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdanya (1412–1416).
See Catalonia and Ferdinand I of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516) was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516.
See Catalonia and Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII (Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century.
See Catalonia and Ferdinand VII
Fernando Sor
Fernando Sor (baptised 14 February 1778 – 10 July 1839) was a Spanish classical guitarist and composer of the late Classical era and early Romantic era.
See Catalonia and Fernando Sor
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
("Catalan Government Railways"; Spanish: Ferrocarriles de la Generalidad de Cataluña), or FGC, is a railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Figueres
Figueres (Figueras) is the capital city of Alt Empordà county, in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain.
Fin whale
The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), also known as the finback whale or common rorqual, is a species of baleen whale and the second-longest cetacean after the blue whale. The biggest individual reportedly measured in length, with a maximum recorded weight of 77 to 81 tonnes.
Fira de Barcelona
Fira de Barcelona is Barcelona’s trade fair institution.
See Catalonia and Fira de Barcelona
First Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (República española), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic (Primera República española), was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874.
See Catalonia and First Spanish Republic
Fish as food
Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.
See Catalonia and Fish as food
Fitch Ratings
Fitch Ratings Inc. is an American credit rating agency and is one of the "Big Three credit rating agencies", the other two being Moody's and Standard & Poor's. It is one of the three nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSRO) designated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in 1975.
See Catalonia and Fitch Ratings
Four Motors for Europe
The Four Motors for Europe is a transnational, interregional network of four highly industrialized and research-oriented regions in Europe.
See Catalonia and Four Motors for Europe
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Francesc Macià
Francesc Macià i Llussà (21 September 1859 – 25 December 1933) was a Catalan politician who served as the 122nd president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and formerly an officer in the Spanish Army.
See Catalonia and Francesc Macià
Francesc Pi i Margall
Francesc Pi i Margall (Spanish: Francisco Pi y Margall) (29 April 1824 – 29 November 1901) was a Spanish federalist and republican politician and theorist who served as president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic in 1873.
See Catalonia and Francesc Pi i Margall
Francia
The Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), also known as the Frankish Kingdom, the Frankish Empire (Imperium Francorum) or Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.
See Catalonia and Francisco Franco
Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre
Francisco Serrano Domínguez, 1st Duke of la Torre, Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio (17 December 1810 – 25 November 1885) was a Spanish marshal and statesman.
See Catalonia and Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre
Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
The Franco-Spanish War was fought from 1635 to 1659 between France and Spain, each supported by various allies at different points.
See Catalonia and Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain (España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo.
See Catalonia and Francoist Spain
Freezing drizzle
Freezing drizzle is drizzle that freezes on contact with the ground or an object at or near the surface.
See Catalonia and Freezing drizzle
French departments of Spain
The French departments of Spain were territorial subdivisions of the territory conquered in Catalonia in 1812 by the First French Empire at the outset of the Peninsular War.
See Catalonia and French departments of Spain
Fuet
Fuet (lit. "whip") is a Catalan thin, dry-cured, sausage of pork meat in a pork gut, covered with white, edible mold—similar to salami.
Fundació Antoni Tàpies
The Fundació Antoni Tàpies ('Antoni Tàpies Foundation') is a cultural center and museum, located in Carrer d'Aragó, in Barcelona, Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Fundació Antoni Tàpies
Fundació Joan Miró
The Fundació Joan Miró ("Joan Miró Foundation, Centre of Studies of Contemporary Art") is a museum of modern art honoring Joan Miró located on the hill called Montjuïc in Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain).
See Catalonia and Fundació Joan Miró
Futsal
Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt like a basketball court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors.
Gabriel Ferrater
Gabriel Ferrater i Soler (20 May 1922 – 27 April 1972) was an author, translator and scholar of linguistics of the sixties who wrote in Catalan language.
See Catalonia and Gabriel Ferrater
Galicia (Spain)
Galicia (Galicia (officially) or Galiza; Galicia) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Catalonia and Galicia (Spain) are autonomous communities of Spain, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union and regions of Europe with multiple official languages.
See Catalonia and Galicia (Spain)
Galop
In dance, the galop, named after the fastest running gait of a horse (see Gallop), a shortened version of the original term galoppade, is a lively country dance, introduced in the late 1820s to Parisian society by the Duchesse de Berry and popular in Vienna, Berlin and London.
Garonne
The Garonne (also,; Occitan, Catalan, Basque, and Garona.,; Garumna. or Garunna) is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain.
Garraf
Garraf, is a comarca (county) in the Penedès region in Catalonia, Spain.
Gascon dialect
Gascon is the vernacular Romance variety spoken mainly in the region of Gascony, France.
See Catalonia and Gascon dialect
GATEPAC
GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles Para la Arquitectura Contemporánea) was a group of architects assembled during the Second Spanish Republic.
Gaudí Awards
The Gaudí Awards (Premis Gaudí) are the main film awards of Catalonia, celebrated annually in Barcelona.
See Catalonia and Gaudí Awards
Generalitat de Catalunya
The Generalitat de Catalunya (Generalidad de Cataluña; Generalitat de Catalonha), or the Government of Catalonia, is the institutional system by which Catalonia is self-governed as an autonomous community of Spain.
See Catalonia and Generalitat de Catalunya
Generation of '36
The Generation of '36 (Generación del 36) is the name given to a group of Spanish artists, poets and playwrights who were working about the time of the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939).
See Catalonia and Generation of '36
Geography
Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.
George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950) was a British novelist, poet, essayist, journalist, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell, a name inspired by his favourite place River Orwell.
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Giacomo Aragall
Jaume Aragall i Garriga (born 6 June 1939), better known as Giacomo Aragall, is a Spanish operatic tenor.
See Catalonia and Giacomo Aragall
Girona
Girona (Gerona) is the capital city of the province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers.
Girona–Costa Brava Airport
Girona–Costa Brava Airport (Catalan: Aeroport de Girona-Costa Brava, Spanish: Aeropuerto de Gerona-Costa Brava) is an airport located southwest of the city of Girona, next to the small village of Vilobí d'Onyar, in the north-east of Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Girona–Costa Brava Airport
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas.
See Catalonia and Gothic architecture
Goths
The Goths (translit; Gothi, Gótthoi) were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe.
Government of Spain
The government of Spain (Gobierno de España) is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Catalonia and Government of Spain
Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards.
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Catalonia and Gross domestic product
Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona
The Guàrdia Urbana (English: Urban Guard) is the municipal police force for the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona
Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
Guillaume Philibert, 1st Count Duhesme, born on the 7th July 1766 in Mercurey (formerly Bourgneuf), Burgundy, killed on the 20th June 1815 near Waterloo, was a French general, politician and writer during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
See Catalonia and Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
Gulf of Roses
The Gulf of Roses (Golf de Roses) is the most northeastern bay on the Catalan coast of Spain.
See Catalonia and Gulf of Roses
Habsburg Spain
Habsburg Spain refers to Spain and the Hispanic Monarchy, also known as the Catholic Monarchy, in the period from 1516 to 1700 when it was ruled by kings from the House of Habsburg.
See Catalonia and Habsburg Spain
Handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team.
High Court of Justice of Catalonia
The High Court of Justice of Catalonia (Tribunal Superior de Justícia de Catalunya, TSJC) is the highest body and last judicial instance of the Spanish judiciary in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and High Court of Justice of Catalonia
High-speed rail
High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail transport network utilizing trains that run significantly faster than those of traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks.
See Catalonia and High-speed rail
Hispania
Hispania (Hispanía; Hispānia) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.
Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania.
See Catalonia and Hispania Tarraconensis
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
See Catalonia and Historiography
History of Catalonia
The recorded history of the lands of what today is known as Catalonia begins with the development of the Iberian peoples while several Greek colonies were established on the coast before the Roman conquest.
See Catalonia and History of Catalonia
History of the cotton industry in Catalonia
The cotton industry was the first and leading industry of Catalan industrialisation which led, by the mid-19th century, to Catalonia becoming the main industrial region of Spain.
See Catalonia and History of the cotton industry in Catalonia
Homage to Catalonia
Homage to Catalonia is a 1938 memoir by English writer George Orwell, in which he accounts his personal experiences and observations while fighting in the Spanish Civil War.
See Catalonia and Homage to Catalonia
Homilies d'Organyà
The Homilies d'Organyà constitute one of the oldest known literary documents (longer than a mere fragment) in the Catalan language.
See Catalonia and Homilies d'Organyà
Hospital de Sant Pau
The former Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Hospital of the Holy Cross and Saint Paul) in the neighborhood of El Guinardó, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, is a complex built between 1901 and 1930.
See Catalonia and Hospital de Sant Pau
House of Barcelona
The House of Barcelona was a medieval dynasty that ruled the County of Barcelona continuously from 878 and the Crown of Aragon from 1137 (as kings from 1162) until 1410.
See Catalonia and House of Barcelona
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon (also) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France.
See Catalonia and House of Bourbon
House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.
See Catalonia and House of Habsburg
House of Trastámara
The House of Trastámara (Spanish, Aragonese and Catalan: Casa de Trastámara) was a royal dynasty which first ruled in the Crown of Castile and then expanded to the Crown of Aragon from the Late Middle Ages to the early modern period.
See Catalonia and House of Trastámara
Hugh Capet
Hugh Capet (Hugues Capet; 940 – 24 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996.
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).
See Catalonia and Hunter-gatherer
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.
See Catalonia and Iberian Peninsula
Iberians
The Iberians (Hibērī, from Ἴβηρες, Iberes) were an ancient people settled in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, at least from the 6th century BCE.
Ilergetes
The Ilergetes were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania) who dwelt in the plains area of the rivers Segre and Cinca towards Iberus (Ebro) river, and in and around Ilerda/Iltrida, present-day Lleida/Lérida.
Immigration to Spain
Immigration to Spain increased significantly in the beginning of the 21st century.
See Catalonia and Immigration to Spain
Indie pop
Indie pop (also typeset as indie-pop or indiepop) is a music genre and subculture that combines <!--- Source states "guitar pop" not "indie pop" or "pop rock"---->guitar pop with DIY ethic in opposition to the style and tone of mainstream pop music.
Indigetes
The Indigetes (Latin: indigetes or indigetae or Indiketes, Iberian: untikesken) were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the eastern side of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania).
Initiative for Catalonia Greens
Initiative for Catalonia Greens (Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds, ICV) was an eco-socialist political party in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Initiative for Catalonia Greens
International Brigades
The International Brigades (Brigadas Internacionales) were soldiers set up by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War.
See Catalonia and International Brigades
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC; Comité international olympique, CIO) is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland.
See Catalonia and International Olympic Committee
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Isaac Albéniz
Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz y Pascual (29 May 1860 – 18 May 1909) was a Spanish virtuoso pianist, composer, and conductor.
See Catalonia and Isaac Albéniz
Isabella I of Castile
Isabella I (Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: Isabel la Católica), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504.
See Catalonia and Isabella I of Castile
Isabella II
Isabella II (Isabel II, María Isabel Luisa de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904) was Queen of Spain from 1833 until her deposition in 1868.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Ius Italicum
Ius Italicum (Latin, Italian or Italic law) was a law in the early Roman Empire that allowed the emperors to grant cities outside Italy the legal fiction that they were on Italian soil.
See Catalonia and Ius Italicum
J. A. Bayona
Juan Antonio García Bayona (born 9 May 1975) is a Spanish filmmaker.
See Catalonia and J. A. Bayona
J. H. Elliott
Sir John Huxtable Elliott (23 June 1930 – 10 March 2022) was a British historian and Hispanist who was Regius Professor at the University of Oxford and honorary fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge.
See Catalonia and J. H. Elliott
Jacint Verdaguer
Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló (17 May 1845 – 10 June 1902) was a Catalan writer, regarded as one of the greatest poets of Catalan literature and a prominent literary figure of the Renaixença, a cultural revival movement of the late Romantic era.
See Catalonia and Jacint Verdaguer
Jaime Gil de Biedma
Jaime Gil de Biedma y Alba (13 November 1929 – 8 January 1990) was a Spanish post-Civil War poet.
See Catalonia and Jaime Gil de Biedma
Jaime Rosales
Jaime Heliberto Rosales Chirinos (born 8 June 1978) is a Honduran former football defender who last played for Platense.
See Catalonia and Jaime Rosales
James I of Aragon
James I the Conqueror (Jaume el Conqueridor; Aragonese: Chaime I o Conqueridor; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276.
See Catalonia and James I of Aragon
Jaume Collet-Serra
Jaume Collet-Serra (born 23 March 1974) is a Spanish-American film director and producer.
See Catalonia and Jaume Collet-Serra
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.
See Catalonia and Jehovah's Witnesses
Joan Brossa
Joan Brossa (19 January 1919 – 30 December 1998) was a Catalan poet, playwright, graphic designer and visual artist.
Joan Brudieu
Joan Brudieu (1520–1591) was a Catalan Spanish composer.
See Catalonia and Joan Brudieu
Joan Cererols
Joan Cererols (9 September 1618 – 27 August 1680) was a Spanish composer and Benedictine monk.
See Catalonia and Joan Cererols
Joan Maragall
Joan Maragall i Gorina (10 October 1860 in Barcelona – 20 December 1911) was a Catalan poet, journalist and translator, the foremost member of the modernisme movement in literature.
See Catalonia and Joan Maragall
Joan Miró
Joan Miró i Ferrà (20 April 1893 – 25 December 1983) was a Catalan Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramist.
Joan Oliver i Sallarès
Joan Oliver i Sallarès, also known by his pseudonym Pere Quart, (1899 in Sabadell – 1986 in Barcelona) was a Catalan poet, playwright, literary manager, translator, narrator, and journalist.
See Catalonia and Joan Oliver i Sallarès
Joan Salvat-Papasseit
Joan Salvat-Papasseit (Barcelona, 16 May 1894 – 7 August 1924) was a Catalan poet, though he also wrote articles, manifestos and other prose of a political and social nature.
See Catalonia and Joan Salvat-Papasseit
Joanot Martorell
Joanot Martorell (c. 1410 – 1465) was a Valencian knight and writer, best known for authoring the novel Tirant lo Blanch, written in Catalan/Valencian and published at Valencia in 1490.
See Catalonia and Joanot Martorell
John II of Aragon
John II (Spanish: Juan II, Catalan: Joan II, Aragonese: Chuan II and Joanes II; 29 June 1398 – 20 January 1479), called the Great (el Gran) or the Faithless (el Sense Fe), was King of Aragon from 1458 until his death in 1479.
See Catalonia and John II of Aragon
Jordi Pujol
Jordi Pujol i Soley (born 9 June 1930) is a retired Catalan politician who was the leader of the party Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) from 1974 to 2003, and President of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2003.
José Carreras
Josep Maria Carreras Coll (born 5 December 1946), better known as José Carreras, is a Catalan operatic tenor from Spain who is particularly known for his performances in the operas of Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini.
See Catalonia and José Carreras
José Luis Guerín
José Luis Guerín (born 1960) is a Spanish filmmaker and educator known for Train of Shadows (1997), (2001), and The Academy of Muses (2015).
See Catalonia and José Luis Guerín
José Montilla
José Montilla Aguilera (born 15 January 1955 in Iznájar, Andalusia, Spain) is a Spanish politician who is currently a member of the Spanish Senate.
See Catalonia and José Montilla
Josep Anselm Clavé
Josep Anselm Clavé i Camps (April 21, 1824 – February 24, 1874) also known as José Anselmo Clavé, was a Spanish politician, composer and writer, founder of the choral movement in Catalonia and a promoter of the associative movement.
See Catalonia and Josep Anselm Clavé
Josep Carner
Josep Carner i Puigoriol (Barcelona 9 February 1884 – Brussels 4 June 1970), was a Spanish poet, journalist, playwright and translator.
See Catalonia and Josep Carner
Josep Lluís Sert
Josep Lluís Sert i López (1 July 190215 March 1983) was a Catalan architect and city planner established in the USA after 1939.
See Catalonia and Josep Lluís Sert
Josep Maria de Sagarra
Josep Maria de Sagarra i de Castellarnau (Barcelona, 5 March 1894 – 27 September 1961) was a Catalan-language writer from Barcelona, Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Josep Maria de Sagarra
Josep Maria Forn
Josep Maria Forn i Costa (April 4, 1928 – October 3, 2021) was a Spanish actor, film producer and film director.
See Catalonia and Josep Maria Forn
Josep Maria Sert
Josep Maria Sert i Badia (Barcelona, 21 December 1874 – 27 November 1945, buried in the Vic Cathedral) was a Spanish muralist, the son of an affluent textile industry family, and friend of Salvador Dalí.
See Catalonia and Josep Maria Sert
Josep Maria Subirachs
Josep Maria Subirachs i Sitjar (11 March 1927 – 7 April 2014) was a Spanish sculptor and painter of the late 20th century.
See Catalonia and Josep Maria Subirachs
Josep Pla
Josep Pla i Casadevall (8 March 1897 – 23 April 1981) was a Spanish journalist and a popular author.
Josep Puig i Cadafalch
Josep Puig i Cadafalch (17 October 1867 in Mataró – 21 December 1956 in Barcelona) was a Catalan Modernista architect who designed many significant buildings in Barcelona, and a politician who had a significant role in the development of Catalan institutions.
See Catalonia and Josep Puig i Cadafalch
Josep Rull
Josep Rull i Andreu (born 2 September 1968) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia serving as President of the Parliament of Catalonia since June 2024.
Josep Tarradellas
Josep Tarradellas i Joan, 1st Marquess of Tarradellas (19 February 1899 – 10 June 1988) was a Catalonian politician known for his role as the first president of the Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya), after its re-establishment in 1977 under the new Spanish Constitution and the end of the Francoist Dictatorship.
See Catalonia and Josep Tarradellas
Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport
Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport (Catalan: Aeroport Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat, Spanish: Aeropuerto Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat), and also known as Barcelona-El Prat Airport, is an international airport located southwest.
See Catalonia and Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport
Josep Vicenç Foix
Josep Vicenç Foix i Mas (28 January 1893 in Barcelona – 29 January 1987) was a Spanish Catalan poet, writer, and essayist in Catalan.
See Catalonia and Josep Vicenç Foix
Jota (music)
The jota is a genre of music and the associated dance known throughout Spain, most likely originating in Aragon.
See Catalonia and Jota (music)
Juan Goytisolo
Juan Goytisolo Gay (6 January 1931 – 4 June 2017) was a Spanish poet, essayist, and novelist.
See Catalonia and Juan Goytisolo
Juan Prim
Juan Prim y Prats, 1st Count of Reus, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos, 1st Viscount of Bruch (Joan Prim i Prats; 6 December 1814 – 30 December 1870) was a Spanish general and statesman who was briefly Prime Minister of Spain until his assassination.
July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona
The July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona was a military uprising in Barcelona, the capital and largest city of Catalonia, Spain on 19 July 1936 which contributed to the start of the Spanish Civil War.
See Catalonia and July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona
Junts pel Sí
Junts pel Sí ("Together for Yes", sometimes translated as "Together for the Yes"; JxSí) was a Catalan electoral, political and parliamentary alliance focused on achieving the independence of Catalonia from Spain.
See Catalonia and Junts pel Sí
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
See Catalonia and Köppen climate classification
Kingdom of Aragon
The Kingdom of Aragon (Reino d'Aragón; Regne d'Aragó; Regnum Aragoniae; Reino de Aragón) or Imperial Aragon (Aragón Imperial) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.
See Catalonia and Kingdom of Aragon
Kingdom of Majorca
The Kingdom of Majorca (Regne de Mallorca,; Reino de Mallorca; Regnum Maioricae; Royaume de Majorque) was a realm on the east coast of Spain, which included certain Mediterranean Islands, and which was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James the Conqueror.
See Catalonia and Kingdom of Majorca
Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
The Kingdom of SardiniaThe name of the state was originally Latin: Regnum Sardiniae, or Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica.
See Catalonia and Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae; Regno di Sicilia; Regnu di Sicilia) was a state that existed in Sicily and the south of the Italian Peninsula plus, for a time, in Northern Africa from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816.
See Catalonia and Kingdom of Sicily
Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Regne de València,; Reino de Valencia; Regnum Valentiae), located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.
See Catalonia and Kingdom of Valencia
Korfball
Korfball (korfbal) is a ball sport, with similarities to netball and basketball.
L'Estartit
L'Estartit (Estartit) is a small town and seaside resort on the Costa Brava, on the northeastern coast of Spain, located in the province of Girona, Catalonia.
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Hospitalet de Llobregat), often shortened to L'Hospitalet or just L'H, is a municipality in the Barcelonès ''comarca'', in Catalonia (Spain).
See Catalonia and L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
La Caixa
La Caixa, also known as the "La Caixa" Foundation (Fundación ”la Caixa”), is a not-for-profit banking foundation based in Spain, with its headquarters in Palma de Mallorca since October 2017.
La Decadència
The early modern period (late 15th or 16th-18th centuries) in Catalan literature and historiography, while extremely productive for Castilian writers of the Siglo de Oro, has been termed La Decadència ("The Decadence"), an era of decadence in Catalan literature and history, generally thought to be caused by a general falling into disuse of the vernacular language in cultural contexts and lack of patronage among the nobility, even in lands of the Crown of Aragon.
See Catalonia and La Decadència
La Jonquera
La Jonquera (La Junquera) is a municipality in the comarca of l'Alt Empordà, in Catalonia, Spain.
La Liga
The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera División, commonly known as the Primera División or La Liga and officially as LaLiga EA Sports since 2023 for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional football division of the Spanish football league system.
La Razón (Madrid)
La Razón is a daily newspaper based in Madrid, Spain.
See Catalonia and La Razón (Madrid)
La Roca del Vallès
La Roca del Vallès is a village in the comarca of Vallès Oriental in the province of Barcelona and Catalonia.
See Catalonia and La Roca del Vallès
La Seu d'Urgell
La Seu d'Urgell (Seo de Urgell, formerly Urgell) is a town located in Alt Urgell county in Alt Pirineu, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and La Seu d'Urgell
La Vanguardia
La Vanguardia is a Spanish daily newspaper, founded in 1881.
See Catalonia and La Vanguardia
Labour movement
The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests.
See Catalonia and Labour movement
Lacetani
The Lacetani were an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania).
Lake of Banyoles
Lake of Banyoles (or Estany de Banyoles) is a natural lake located in the ''comarca'' "Pla de l'Estany", Province of Girona, in northeastern Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Lake of Banyoles
Landform
A landform is a natural or anthropogenic land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body.
Landscape
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.
Language policy
Language policy is both an interdisciplinary academic field and implementation of ideas about language use.
See Catalonia and Language policy
Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (Lengadòc) is a former province of France.
LaSexta
La Sexta ("The Sixth"; stylised as laSexta) is a privately owned Spanish free-to-air television channel that was founded on 18 March 2001 as Beca TV and began broadcasting on 1 April 2001.
Latin America
Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.
See Catalonia and Latin America
Laura Borràs
Laura Borràs i Castanyer (born 5 October 1970) is a Spanish philologist, academic and politician from Catalonia who was the President of the Parliament of Catalonia between 2021 and 2022, when she was suspended as member of the Parliament of Catalonia under allegations of corruption.
See Catalonia and Laura Borràs
Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources.
See Catalonia and Law enforcement agency
Lax'n'Busto
Lax'n'Busto are a pop-rock group formed in 1986 in El Vendrell, Catalonia, Spain.
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
Liceu
The Gran Teatre del Liceu ("Great Theater of the Lyceum"), usually known as El Liceu, is an opera house in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
List of European Union regions by GDP
This is a list of European Union regions (NUTS2 regions) sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP).
See Catalonia and List of European Union regions by GDP
List of first-level administrative divisions by GRDP
This is a list of first-level country subdivisions by nominal gross state product.
See Catalonia and List of first-level administrative divisions by GRDP
List of Gaudí buildings
Antoni Gaudí was an architect from Catalonia, Spain, who belonged to the Modernisme (Art Nouveau) movement.
See Catalonia and List of Gaudí buildings
List of people from Catalonia
This is a list of notable people from Catalonia.
See Catalonia and List of people from Catalonia
List of presidents of the Government of Catalonia
The list of presidents of the Government of Catalonia compiles the official list of presidents of the Generalitat de Catalunya since its inception in 1359 to present time.
See Catalonia and List of presidents of the Government of Catalonia
List of presidents of the Parliament of Catalonia
This article lists the presidents of the Parliament of Catalonia, the presiding officers of the regional legislature of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and List of presidents of the Parliament of Catalonia
List of rivers of Catalonia
The rivers of Catalonia can be classified into four groups according to their source.
See Catalonia and List of rivers of Catalonia
List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
This is a list of the pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania, i.e., modern Portugal, Spain and Andorra).
See Catalonia and List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
List of vice presidents of Catalonia
This article lists the vice presidents of Catalonia, the second most senior position in the Government of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and List of vice presidents of Catalonia
List of viceroys of Catalonia
This is a list of Spanish viceroys (also called lieutenants) of the Principality of Catalonia from 1479 to 1713.
See Catalonia and List of viceroys of Catalonia
Llançà
Llançà is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain.
Lleida
Lleida (Lérida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain.
Lleida–Alguaire Airport
Lleida–Alguaire Airport (Catalan: Aeroport de Lleida-Alguaire, Spanish: Aeropuerto de Lérida-Alguaire) is an airport located in Alguaire, Catalonia, Spain; about from the centre of Lleida and about from the centre of Barcelona.
See Catalonia and Lleida–Alguaire Airport
Llibre Vermell de Montserrat
The Llibre Vermell de Montserrat ("Red Book of Montserrat") is a manuscript collection of devotional texts containing, amongst others, some late medieval songs.
See Catalonia and Llibre Vermell de Montserrat
Llobregat
The Llobregat is the second longest river in Catalonia, Spain, after the Ter.
Lluçanès
Lluçanès is a comarca of Catalonia, in the central region, transitioning between the Plain of Vic and Berguedà, in the pre-Pyrenees.
Lluís Companys
Lluís Companys i Jover (21 June 1882 – 15 October 1940) was a Catalan politician who served as president of Catalonia from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War.
See Catalonia and Lluís Companys
Lluís Domènech i Montaner
Lluís Domènech i Montaner (21 December 1850 – 27 December 1923) was a Catalan architect who was very much involved in and influential for the Catalan Modernisme català, the Art Nouveau/Jugendstil movement.
See Catalonia and Lluís Domènech i Montaner
Lluís Llach
Lluís Llach i Grande (born in Girona (Spain) 7 May 1948. Lluis is singer-songwriter, novelist and politician. He is one of the main representatives of the nova cançó genre and an outspoken advocate of the right to self-determination of Catalonia. His most famous song, "L'Estaca", has become the unofficial anthem of the Catalan independence movement.
Long-finned pilot whale
The long-finned pilot whale, or pothead whale (Globicephala melas) is a large species of oceanic dolphin.
See Catalonia and Long-finned pilot whale
Louis IX of France
Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly revered as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270.
See Catalonia and Louis IX of France
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.
Malgrat de Mar
Malgrat de Mar is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Maresme, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Malgrat de Mar
Mandible
In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla).
Manresa
Manresa is the capital of Bages county, located in the central region of Catalonia, Spain.
Manuel de Pedrolo
Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina (1918 – 1990) was a Catalan author of novels, short stories, poetry and plays.
See Catalonia and Manuel de Pedrolo
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (14 June 1939–18 October 2003) was a prolific Spanish writer from Barcelona: journalist, novelist, poet, essayist, anthologue, prologist, humorist, critic and political prisoner as well as a gastronome and an FC Barcelona supporter.
See Catalonia and Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
Marc Recha
Marc Recha (born 18 October 1970) is a Catalan Spanish film director and screenwriter.
Margalef
Margalef is a village in Catalonia, Spain.
Marià Fortuny
Marià Josep Maria Bernat Fortuny i Marsal (Mariano José María Bernardo Fortuny y Marsal; June 11, 1838 – November 21, 1874), known more simply as Marià Fortuny or Mariano Fortuny, was the leading Spanish painter of his day, with an international reputation.
See Catalonia and Marià Fortuny
Marseille
Marseille or Marseilles (Marseille; Marselha; see below) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
Martin of Aragon
Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II).
See Catalonia and Martin of Aragon
Mass media
Mass media include the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication.
Mataró
Mataró is the capital and largest town of the Maresme county in Catalonia, Spain.
Mateo Flecha
Mateo Flecha (Catalan: Mateu Fletxa; 1481–1553) was a Catalan composer born in Kingdom of Aragon, in the region of Prades.
See Catalonia and Mateo Flecha
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519.
See Catalonia and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Mayor
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town.
Mediterranean Basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin, also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
See Catalonia and Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See Catalonia and Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Catalonia and Mediterranean Sea
Megafauna
In zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and Neo-Latin fauna "animal life") are large animals.
Mercè Rodoreda
Mercè Rodoreda i Gurguí (10 October 1908 – 13 April 1983) was a Spanish novelist, who wrote in Catalan.
See Catalonia and Mercè Rodoreda
Mesolithic
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.
Metathesis (linguistics)
Metathesis (from Greek, from "I put in a different order"; Latin: transpositio) is the transposition of sounds or syllables in a word or of words in a sentence.
See Catalonia and Metathesis (linguistics)
Michelin Guide
The Michelin Guides are a series of guide books that have been published by the French tyre company Michelin since 1900.
See Catalonia and Michelin Guide
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle Paleolithic
The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.
See Catalonia and Middle Paleolithic
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella, GE (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a Spanish dictator and military officer who ruled as prime minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during the last years of the Bourbon Restoration.
See Catalonia and Miguel Primo de Rivera
Minority group
The term "minority group" has different usages, depending on the context.
See Catalonia and Minority group
Miquel Martí i Pol
Miquel Martí i Pol (19 March 1929 – 11 November 2003) was one of the most popular and widely-read Catalan poets of the twentieth century, publishing more than 1,500 poems.
See Catalonia and Miquel Martí i Pol
Modernisme
Modernisme (Catalan for "modernism"), also known as Catalan modernism and Catalan art nouveau, is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the search of a new entitlement of Catalan culture, one of the most predominant cultures within Spain.
Moianès
Moianès is a ''comarca'' in the central region of Catalonia, Spain.
Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Natural Park
Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Natural Park (Parc Natural del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter) is a natural park located in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Natural Park
Montjuïc
Montjuïc is a hill in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Montjuïc Castle
Montjuïc Castle (Castell de Montjuïc, Castillo de Montjuich) is an old military fortress, with roots dating back from 1640, built on top of Montjuïc hill in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Montjuïc Castle
Montsant DO
Montsant is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) (Denominació d'Origen Protegida in Catalan) for wine located in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) and covers 12 municipalities.
Montseny Massif
Montseny is a mountain range west of the coastal hills north of Barcelona.
See Catalonia and Montseny Massif
Montserrat
Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean.
Montserrat (mountain)
Montserrat is a multi-peaked mountain range near Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Montserrat (mountain)
Montserrat Caballé
María de Montserrat Bibiana Concepción Caballé i Folch or Folc (12 April 1933 – 6 October 2018), known simply as Montserrat Caballé (i Folch), was a Spanish operatic soprano from Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Montserrat Caballé
Moody's Ratings
Moody's Ratings, previously known as Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.
See Catalonia and Moody's Ratings
Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic (translit), also known as Darija (الدارجة or الداريجة), is the dialectal, vernacular form or forms of Arabic spoken in Morocco.
See Catalonia and Moroccan Arabic
Mossos d'Esquadra
The Mossos d'Esquadra (Police Squad), also known as the Policia de la Generalitat de Catalunya and informally as Mossos, is the autonomous police force in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Mossos d'Esquadra
Motorsport
Motorsport(s) or motor sport(s) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft.
Municipalities of Spain
The municipality (municipio,, municipi, concello, udalerria, conceyu)In other languages of Spain.
See Catalonia and Municipalities of Spain
Municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
See Catalonia and Municipality
Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya
The ("National Art Museum of Catalonia"), abbreviated as MNAC, is a museum of Catalan visual art located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya
Museu Picasso
The Museu Picasso ("Picasso Museum") is an art museum in Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Museu Picasso
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
See Catalonia and Napoleonic Wars
Narcís Oller
Narcís Oller i de Moragas (10 August 1846, in Valls – 26 July 1930, in Barcelona) was a Catalan writer, most noted for the novels La papallona (The Butterfly) which appeared with a foreword by Émile Zola in the French translation; his most well-known work L'Escanyapobres (The Usurer); and La febre d'or (Gold Fever) which is set in Barcelona during the period of promoterism.
See Catalonia and Narcís Oller
Nation
A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society.
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
See Catalonia and Nation state
National Day of Catalonia
The National Day of Catalonia (Diada Nacional de Catalunya, Día Nacional de Cataluña) is a day-long festival in Catalonia and one of its official national symbols, celebrated annually on 11 September.
See Catalonia and National Day of Catalonia
National park
A national park is a nature park designated for conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance.
See Catalonia and National park
National Police Corps (Spain)
The National Police Corps (Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, CNP;; also known simply as the National Police, Policía Nacional) is the national civilian police force of Spain.
See Catalonia and National Police Corps (Spain)
National Statistics Institute (Spain)
The (INE) is the official agency in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and Spanish society.
See Catalonia and National Statistics Institute (Spain)
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state.
Nationalities and regions of Spain
Spain is a diverse country integrated by contrasting entities with varying economic and social structures, languages, and historical, political and cultural traditions.
See Catalonia and Nationalities and regions of Spain
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Catalonia and Natural environment
Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected natural area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments.
Navarre
Navarre, officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France. Catalonia and Navarre are autonomous communities of Spain, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union and regions of Europe with multiple official languages.
Neanderthal
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany.
See Catalonia and Neoclassical architecture
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Non-Stop (film)
Non-Stop is a 2014 action thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra, co-produced by Joel Silver, and starring Liam Neeson and Julianne Moore.
See Catalonia and Non-Stop (film)
Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia, North Catalonia or French Catalonia is the formerly Catalan-speaking and cultural territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 in exchange of France's effective renunciation on the formal protection that it had given to the recently founded Catalan Republic. Catalonia and Northern Catalonia are catalan Countries.
See Catalonia and Northern Catalonia
Noucentisme
Noucentisme (noucentista being its adjective) was a Catalan cultural movement of the early 20th century that originated largely as a reaction against Modernisme, both in art and ideology, and was, simultaneously, a perception of art almost opposite to that of avantgardists.
Nova Cançó
The Nova Cançó (meaning in English "The New Song") was an artistic movement that promoted Catalan music in Francoist Spain.
Nueva Planta decrees
The Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta, Decrets de Nova Planta, "Decrees of the New Plant") were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V, the first Bourbon King of Spain, during and shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.
See Catalonia and Nueva Planta decrees
Nuevo León
Nuevo León (English: New León), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Nuevo León) is a state in northeastern Mexico.
OBK
OBK is a Spanish synthpop music group from Barcelona (Spain) composed of Jordi Sánchez and Miguel Arjona.
Occitan language
Occitan (occitan), also known as (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania.
See Catalonia and Occitan language
Occitania
Occitania (Occitània,, or, Occitanie) is the historical region in Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes used as a second language.
Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées.
See Catalonia and Occitania (administrative region)
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Catalonia and Oceanic climate
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.
Olot
Olot is the capital city of the comarca of Garrotxa, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Open University of Catalonia
The Open University of Catalonia (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, UOC) is a private open university based in Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and Open University of Catalonia
Opera
Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers.
Orfeó Català
The Orfeó Català is a choral society based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, which was founded in 1891 by Lluís Millet and Amadeu Vives.
See Catalonia and Orfeó Català
Oriol Junqueras
Oriol Junqueras i Vies (born 11 April 1969) is a Catalan politician and historian.
See Catalonia and Oriol Junqueras
Orphan (2009 film)
Orphan is a 2009 psychological horror film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by David Leslie Johnson from a story by Alex Mace.
See Catalonia and Orphan (2009 film)
Outline of Catalonia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Catalonia: Catalonia – nationality and autonomous community of Spain, located on the northeastern corner of the Iberian Peninsula.
See Catalonia and Outline of Catalonia
Pa amb tomàquet
Pa amb tomàquet also known as Pan con tomate (both meaning "bread with tomato") outside of Catalonia, is a traditional food of Catalan, Aragonese and Balearic cuisine.
See Catalonia and Pa amb tomàquet
Pablo Casals
Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan:; 29 December 187622 October 1973), known in English by his Spanish name Pablo Casals,, The New York Times, 1911-04-09, retrieved 1 August 2009 was a Spanish and Puerto Rican cellist, composer, and conductor.
See Catalonia and Pablo Casals
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France.
See Catalonia and Pablo Picasso
Palamós
Palamós is a town and municipality in the Mediterranean Costa Brava, located in the comarca of Baix Empordà, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya
The Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spanish: Palacio de la Generalidad de Cataluña) is a historic palace in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Palau de la Música Catalana
Palau de la Música Catalana (Palace of Catalan Music) is a concert hall in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Palau de la Música Catalana
Palau del Parlament de Catalunya
The Palau del Parlament de Catalunya (English: Palace of the Parliament of Catalonia; Palacio del Parlamento de Cataluña) is the seat of the Parliament of Catalonia, located in Barcelona.
See Catalonia and Palau del Parlament de Catalunya
Palau Güell
The Palau Güell (Güell Palace) is a mansion designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí for the industrial tycoon Eusebi Güell, and was built between 1886 and 1888.
Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983 and 1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain.
See Catalonia and Palma de Mallorca
Parc de la Ciutadella
The Parc de la Ciutadella ("Citadel Park") is a park on the northeastern edge of Ciutat Vella, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Parc de la Ciutadella
Park Güell
Park Güell (Parc Güell; Parque Güell) is a privatized park system composed of gardens and architectural elements located on Carmel Hill, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Parliament of Catalonia
The Parliament of Catalonia (Parlament de Catalunya,; Parlamento de Cataluña; Parlament de Catalonha) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Parliament of Catalonia
Pasqual Maragall
Pasqual Maragall Mira (born 13 January 1941) is a Spanish retired politician and former President of Generalitat de Catalunya.
See Catalonia and Pasqual Maragall
Patron saint
A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person.
See Catalonia and Patron saint
Patum de Berga
The Patum de Berga, or simply La Patum, is a popular and traditional festival that is celebrated each year in the Catalan city of Berga (Barcelona) during Corpus Christi.
See Catalonia and Patum de Berga
Pau Claris i Casademunt
Pau Claris i Casademunt (1 January 1586 – 27 February 1641) was a Catalan lawyer, clergyman and 94th President of the Deputation of the General of Catalonia at the beginning of the Catalan Revolt.
See Catalonia and Pau Claris i Casademunt
Paul Preston
Sir Paul Preston CBE (born 21 July 1946) is an English historian and Hispanist, biographer of Francisco Franco, and specialist in Spanish history, in particular the Spanish Civil War, which he has studied for more than 50 years.
See Catalonia and Paul Preston
PBS News Hour
PBS News Hour, previously stylized as PBS NewsHour, is an American evening television news program broadcast on over 350 PBS member stations since October 20, 1975.
See Catalonia and PBS News Hour
Peace and Truce of God
The Peace and Truce of God (Pax et treuga Dei) was a movement in the Middle Ages led by the Catholic Church and was one of the most influential mass peace movements in history.
See Catalonia and Peace and Truce of God
Peace of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715.
See Catalonia and Peace of Utrecht
Pedraforca
Pedraforca is a mountain in the Pre-Pyrenees, located in the comarca of Berguedà.
Penedès
Penedès is a natural and historical region of Catalonia.
Penedès DOP
Penedès is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) (Denominació d'Origen Protegida in Catalan) for wines in Catalonia, (Spain).
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
See Catalonia and Peninsular War
People's Party (Spain)
The People's Party (Partido Popular; known mostly by its acronym, PP) is a conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Spain.
See Catalonia and People's Party (Spain)
Pep Guardiola
Josep Guardiola Sala (born 18 January 1971), commonly known as Pep Guardiola is a Catalan professional football manager and former player from Spain, who is currently the manager of club Manchester City.
See Catalonia and Pep Guardiola
Pere Aragonès
Pere Aragonès i Garcia (born 16 November 1982) is a Catalan lawyer and politician, and the President of the Government of Catalonia since 22 May 2021.
See Catalonia and Pere Aragonès
Pere Calders
Pere Calders i Rossinyol (29 September 1912 – 21 July 1994) was a Catalan writer and cartoonist.
See Catalonia and Pere Calders
Peret
Pedro Pubill Calaf (24 March 1935 – 27 August 2014), better known as Peret, was a Spanish Romani singer, guitar player and composer of Catalan rumba from Mataró (Barcelona).
Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line
The Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed line is an international high-speed rail line between Perpignan in Roussillon, France and Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line
Perthus Tunnel
The Perthus Tunnel is a twin-bore railway tunnel between France and Spain under the Eastern Pyrenees, built as part of the high-speed railway line Perpignan-Figueres.
See Catalonia and Perthus Tunnel
Petronilla of Aragon
Petronilla (29 June/11 August 1136 – 15 October 1173), whose name is also spelled Petronila or Petronella (Aragonese: Peyronela or Payronella, and Peronella), was Queen of Aragon (1137–1164) from the abdication of her father, Ramiro II, in 1137 until her own abdication in 1164.
See Catalonia and Petronilla of Aragon
Philip V of Spain
Philip V (Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724 and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746.
See Catalonia and Philip V of Spain
Pla d'Urgell
Pla d'Urgell is a comarca (county) in the Ponent region of Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Pla d'Urgell
Pla de l'Estany
Pla de l'Estany is a comarca (county) in the Girona region in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Pla de l'Estany
Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
See Catalonia and Plague (disease)
Plain of Vic
The Plain of Vic (Catalan Plana de Vic) is a 30 km long depression located at the eastern end of the Catalan Central Depression in the Osona comarca.
See Catalonia and Plain of Vic
Plataforma per la Llengua
Plataforma per la Llengua (literally: Pro-Language Platform) is a non-governmental organization born in 1993 in Barcelona, in order to defend and promote the Catalan language all over the Catalan-speaking territories in the European states where it is spoken: Spain, France, Andorra and Italy.
See Catalonia and Plataforma per la Llengua
Poblet Abbey
Poblet Abbey, otherwise the Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet (Reial Monestir de Santa Maria de Poblet), is a Cistercian monastery, founded in 1151, located at the foot of the Prades Mountains, in the comarca of Conca de Barberà, in Catalonia (Spain).
See Catalonia and Poblet Abbey
Ponent
Ponent, also known as the Lleida region following the vegueries law, is the westernmost of the eight regions (''vegueries'') defined by the Regional Plan of Catalonia.
Pop rock
Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is a fusion genre and form of rock music characterized by a strong commercial appeal, with more emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude than standard rock music.
Popular Front (Spain)
The Popular Front (Frente Popular) was an electoral alliance and pact formed in January 1936 to contest that year's general election by various left-wing political organizations during the Second Spanish Republic.
See Catalonia and Popular Front (Spain)
Popular Unity Candidacy
The Popular Unity Candidacy (Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, CUP) is a left-wing to far-left pro-Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia, where it has political representation, but also in other autonomous communities in Spain it considers to be part of the Catalan Countries.
See Catalonia and Popular Unity Candidacy
Port of Barcelona
The Port of Barcelona (Port de Barcelona,; Puerto de Barcelona) is a major port in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Port of Barcelona
Portbou
Portbou is a town in the Alt Empordà county, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Ports de Tortosa-Beseit
Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, also known as Ports de Beseit, or simply as Els Ports or Lo Port by locals, is a limestone mountain massif located at the north-eastern end of the Sistema Ibérico, a complex system of mountain ranges and massifs in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.
See Catalonia and Ports de Tortosa-Beseit
Ports of the State
Ports of the State (Spanish: Puertos del Estado) is a State-owned company responsible for the management of state-owned ports.
See Catalonia and Ports of the State
POUM
The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM; Partit Obrer d'Unificació Marxista, POUM) was a Spanish communist party formed during the Second Republic and mainly active around the Spanish Civil War.
Pre-Pyrenees
The Pre-Pyrenees are the foothills of the Pyrenees.
See Catalonia and Pre-Pyrenees
President of the Government of Catalonia
The president of the Government of Catalonia (President de la Generalitat de Catalunya) is head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.
See Catalonia and President of the Government of Catalonia
Primary sector of the economy
The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining.
See Catalonia and Primary sector of the economy
Prime Minister of Spain
The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno), is the head of government of Spain.
See Catalonia and Prime Minister of Spain
Principality
A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince.
See Catalonia and Principality
Principality of Catalonia
The Principality of Catalonia (Principat de Catalunya; Principat de Catalonha; Principado de Cataluña; Principatus Cathaloniæ) was a medieval and early modern state in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula.
See Catalonia and Principality of Catalonia
Priorat DOQ
Priorat is a Denominació d'Origen Qualificada (DOQ) for Catalan wines produced in the Priorat county, in the province of Tarragona, in the southwest of Catalonia.
Processional giant
Processional giants are costumed figures in European folklore, particularly present in Belgian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and English folkloric processions.
See Catalonia and Processional giant
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
See Catalonia and Protestantism
Proto-Indo-Europeans
The Proto-Indo-Europeans are a hypothetical prehistoric ethnolinguistic group of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
See Catalonia and Proto-Indo-Europeans
Proto-industrialization
Proto-industrialization is the regional development, alongside commercial agriculture, of rural handicraft production for external markets.
See Catalonia and Proto-industrialization
Province of Barcelona
Barcelona is a province of eastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Province of Barcelona
Province of Girona
The Province of Girona is a province in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Province of Girona
Province of Lleida
The Province of Lleida (Lérida; Lhèida) is one of the four provinces of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Province of Lleida
Province of Tarragona
Tarragona is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Province of Tarragona
Provinces of Spain
A province in Spain.
See Catalonia and Provinces of Spain
Provincial deputation (Spain)
A provincial council (also sometimes translated literally as provincial deputation) is the administrator and governing body of a province of Spain.
See Catalonia and Provincial deputation (Spain)
Public law
Public law is the part of law that governs relations and affairs between legal persons and a government, between different institutions within a state, between different branches of governments, as well as relationships between persons that are of direct concern to society.
Puigcerdà
Puigcerdà (Puigcerdá) is the capital of the Catalan comarca of Cerdanya, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, northern Spain, near the Segre River and on the border with France (it abuts directly onto the French town of Bourg-Madame).
Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (Pirineus Orientals; Pirenèus Orientals), also known as Northern Catalonia, are a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea.
See Catalonia and Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrenean chamois
The Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) is a goat-antelope that lives in the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains of Spain, France and Andorra, and the Apennine Mountains of central Italy.
See Catalonia and Pyrenean chamois
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain.
Quaternary glaciation
The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing.
See Catalonia and Quaternary glaciation
Quebec
QuebecAccording to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.
Quim Monzó
Joaquim Monzó i Gómez (born 15 March 1952), also known as Quim Monzó, is a contemporary Spanish writer of novels, short stories and discursive prose, mostly in Catalan.
Quim Torra
Joaquim Torra i Pla (born 28 December 1962), known as Quim Torra, is a Catalan lawyer and journalist from Spain. He served as President of the Government of Catalonia from 17 May 2018 to 28 September 2020, when the Supreme Court of Spain confirmed a court ruling by the High Court of Justice of Catalonia condemning him for disobeying the Central Electoral Board during the April 2019 general election, leading to his disqualification from office.
RAC 1
RAC 1 is the main Catalan language private radio station.
Railway Gazette International
Railway Gazette International is a British monthly business magazine and news website covering the railway, metro, light rail and tram industries worldwide.
See Catalonia and Railway Gazette International
Ramiro II of Aragon
Ramiro II (24 April 1086 – 16 August 1157), called the Monk, was a member of the House of Jiménez who became king of Aragon in 1134.
See Catalonia and Ramiro II of Aragon
Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer I (1023 – 26 May 1076), called the Old (el Vell, le Vieux), was Count of Barcelona in 1035–1076.
See Catalonia and Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Berenguer IV (c. 1114 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV), sometimes called the Saint, was the count of Barcelona and the consort of Aragon who brought about the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Crown of Aragon.
See Catalonia and Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Borrell (Ramon Borrell, Ramón Borrell; 972–1017) was count of Barcelona, Girona and Ausona from 992.
See Catalonia and Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona
Ramon Casas
Ramon Casas i Carbó (4 January 1866 – 29 February 1932) was a Catalan artist.
Ramon Llull
Ramon Llull (– 1315/1316), anglicised as Raymond Lully or Lull, was a philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, Christian apologist and former knight from the Kingdom of Majorca.
Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities
This article includes several ranked indicators for Spain's 17 autonomous communities, as well as for the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Catalonia and ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities are autonomous communities of Spain.
See Catalonia and Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities
Rationalism (architecture)
In architecture, Rationalism (razionalismo) is an architectural current which mostly developed from Italy in the 1920s and 1930s.
See Catalonia and Rationalism (architecture)
RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona ("Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Cornellà, Catalonia.
See Catalonia and RCD Espanyol
Reapers' War
The Reapers' War (Guerra dels Segadors,; Guerra de los Segadores), also known as the Catalan Revolt, was a conflict that affected the Principality of Catalonia between the years of 1640 and 1659.
See Catalonia and Reapers' War
Rec (film)
Rec (stylized as; short for "record") is a 2007 Spanish found footage horror film co-written and directed by Jaume Balagueró and Paco Plaza.
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.
Region of Murcia
The Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia; Regió de Múrcia) is an autonomous community of Spain located in the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Mediterranean coast. Catalonia and Region of Murcia are autonomous communities of Spain and NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union.
See Catalonia and Region of Murcia
Regionalist League of Catalonia
Regionalist League of Catalonia (Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya,; 1901–1936) was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Regionalist League of Catalonia
Remensa
Remensa (Catalan: Remença) was a Catalan mode of serfdom.
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
See Catalonia and Renaissance architecture
Renaixença
The Renaixença (also written Renaixensa before spelling standardisation), or Catalan Renaissance, was a romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture through the mid 19th century, akin to the Galician Rexurdimento or the Occitan Félibrige movements.
Renfe
Renfe, officially Renfe-Operadora, is Spain's national state-owned railway company.
Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna; Repubblica di Genova; Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast.
See Catalonia and Republic of Genoa
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.
See Catalonia and Republic of Venice
Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal) or the Government faction (Bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction of the military rebellion.
See Catalonia and Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
Republican Left of Catalonia
The Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC;; generically branded as Esquerra Republicana) is a pro-Catalan independence, social democratic political party in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia, with a presence also in Valencia, the Balearic Islands and the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales (Northern Catalonia).
See Catalonia and Republican Left of Catalonia
Republicanism
Republicanism is a Western political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others.
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Reus Airport
Reus Airport is located by the beaches of Costa Daurada, equidistant in relation to the town of Constantí and the city of Reus and approximately from the city centre of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Reus Airport
Ricardo Bofill
Ricardo Bofill Leví (5 December 1939 – 14 January 2022) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and Ricardo Bofill
Ripoll
Ripoll is the capital of the comarca of Ripollès, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Road bicycle racing
Road bicycle racing is the cycle sport discipline of road cycling, held primarily on paved roads.
See Catalonia and Road bicycle racing
Roberto Gerhard
Robert Gerhard i Ottenwaelder (25 September 1896 – 5 January 1970) was a Spanish and British composer, musical scholar, and writer, generally known outside his native region of Catalonia as Roberto Gerhard.
See Catalonia and Roberto Gerhard
Rock català
Rock català ("Catalan Rock") is a type of music popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s involving Catalan lyrics and many different musical styles.
Rodalies de Catalunya
Rodalies de Catalunya ("Commuter Rail of Catalonia") is the main commuter and regional rail system in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Rodalies de Catalunya
Roe deer
The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer.
Roller hockey (quad)
Roller hockey (in British English), rink hockey (in American English) or quad hockey is a team sport played on roller skates.
See Catalonia and Roller hockey (quad)
Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.
See Catalonia and Roman citizenship
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
See Catalonia and Roman Empire
Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables, to the (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
Roman province
The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
See Catalonia and Roman province
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
See Catalonia and Roman Republic
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Catalonia and Romanesque architecture
Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; limba română, or românește) is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova.
See Catalonia and Romanian language
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
Roses, Girona
Roses (Rosas) is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Alt Empordà, located on the Costa Brava, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Roses, Girona
Roussillon
Roussillon (Rosselló,; Rosselhon) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia.
Rugby Europe
Rugby Europe is the administrative body for rugby union in Europe.
See Catalonia and Rugby Europe
Rugby league
Rugby league football, commonly known as rugby league in English-speaking countries and rugby XIII in non-Anglophone Europe and South America, and referred to colloquially as football, footy or league in its heartlands, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring wide and long with H-shaped posts at both ends.
See Catalonia and Rugby league
S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities.
See Catalonia and S&P Global Ratings
Sabadell
Sabadell is a city and municipality in Catalonia, Spain.
Sabadell Airport
Sabadell Airport is located next to the city of Sabadell, from Barcelona's city centre, in Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Sabadell Airport
Sagrada Família
The Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, otherwise known as Sagrada Família, is a church under construction in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Sagrada Família
Saint George
Saint George (Geṓrgios;Geʽez: ጊዮርጊስ, Geōrgius, გიორგი, Ge'orgiyos, Mar Giwargis, translit died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity.
See Catalonia and Saint George
Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.
See Catalonia and Salvador Dalí
Salvador Espriu
Salvador Espriu i Castelló (10 July 1913 – 22 February 1985) was a Catalan poet from Spain.
See Catalonia and Salvador Espriu
Santa Coloma de Cervelló
Santa Coloma de Cervelló is a municipality situated in the comarca of Baix Llobregat, at the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Santa Coloma de Cervelló
Santa Coloma de Gramenet
Santa Coloma de Gramenet, informally simply known as Santa Coloma, and formerly as Gramenet de Besòs between 1936 and 1939, is a municipality in Barcelonès county, in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Santa Coloma de Gramenet
Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona
Santa Maria del Mar ("Saint Mary of the Sea") is a church in the Ribera district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, built between 1329 and 1383 at the height of Principality of Catalonia's maritime and mercantile preeminence.
See Catalonia and Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona
Santiago Rusiñol
Santiago Rusiñol i Prats (Barcelona 25 February 1861 – Aranjuez 13 June 1931) was a Catalan painter, poet, journalist, collector and playwright.
See Catalonia and Santiago Rusiñol
Sardana
The sardana (plural sardanes in Catalan) is a Catalan musical genre typical of Catalan culture and danced in circle following a set of steps.
Sau (band)
Sau was a music group from Catalonia, which rose to fame in the area in the 1990s, being among the first groups to write pop music with Catalan lyrics, known as rock català.
Savings bank
A savings bank is a financial institution that is not run on a profit-maximizing basis, and whose original or primary purpose is collecting deposits on savings accounts that are invested on a low-risk basis and receive interest.
See Catalonia and Savings bank
Second Punic War
The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC.
See Catalonia and Second Punic War
Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939.
See Catalonia and Second Spanish Republic
Secondary sector of the economy
In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing.
See Catalonia and Secondary sector of the economy
Sedition
Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech or organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order.
Segre (river)
The Segre (or; Sègre) is a river tributary to the Ebro (Ebre in Catalan) with a basin comprising territories across three states: France, Andorra, and Spain.
See Catalonia and Segre (river)
Segunda División
The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Segunda División, commonly known as Segunda División, and officially known as LaLiga HyperMotion for sponsorship reasons, is the men's second professional association football division of the Spanish football league system.
See Catalonia and Segunda División
Self-governance
Self-governance, self-government, self-sovereignty, or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority.
See Catalonia and Self-governance
Senate of Spain
The Senate (Senado) is the upper house of the, which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Catalonia and Senate of Spain
Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
The Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe (Arbitral Decision of Guadalupe) was a legal decree delivered by King Ferdinand II of Aragon at the Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe in Extremadura, Spain on 21 April 1486 to free the Catalan remensa peasants who were subjects of the lord of the manor and tied to his lands and subject to numerous onerous fees and maltreatment under the so-called evil customs (mals usos).
See Catalonia and Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
Senyera
The Senyera (meaning "pennon", "standard", "banner", "ensign", or, more generically, "flag" in Catalan) is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a yellow field.
Septimania
Septimania is a historical region in modern-day southern France.
Sergi López (actor)
Sergi López i Ayats (born 22 December 1965) is a Spanish actor mostly known for his work on Dirty Pretty Things, Solo mía, and Pan's Labyrinth.
See Catalonia and Sergi López (actor)
Serra de Collserola
The Serra de Collserola, or simply Collserola, is a mountain range between the rivers Besòs and Llobregat.
See Catalonia and Serra de Collserola
Serra de Montsant
Serra de Montsant is a mountain chain in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Serra de Montsant
Serra del Cadí
The Serra del Cadí is a mountain range in the north of Catalonia, Spain, part of the Pre-Pyrenees.
See Catalonia and Serra del Cadí
Seville Fair
The Seville Fair (officially and in Feria de Abril de Sevilla, 'Seville April Fair') is held in the Andalusian capital of Seville, Spain.
See Catalonia and Seville Fair
Siege of Barcelona (1713–1714)
The siege of Barcelona (Setge de Barcelona) was a thirteen month battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession, which pitted Archduke Charles of Austria (backed by Great Britain and the Netherlands, i.e. the Grand Alliance) against Philip V of Spain, backed by France in a contest for the Spanish crown.
See Catalonia and Siege of Barcelona (1713–1714)
Siege of Barcelona (801)
The siege of Barcelona was a military operation by a Carolingian army with the aim of conquering the city of Barcelona, which had been under Muslim control for 80 years.
See Catalonia and Siege of Barcelona (801)
Sitges Film Festival
The Sitges Film Festival (Festival Internacional de Cinema Fantàstic de Catalunya) and also translated as Sitges International Fantastic Film Festival of Catalonia and originally the International Week of Fantasy and Horror Movies, is an annual film festival held in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Sitges Film Festival
SNCF
The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (abbreviated as SNCF; "National Company of the French Railways") is France's national state-owned railway company.
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
Socialists' Party of Catalonia
The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC–PSOE) is a social-democratic political party in Catalonia, Spain, resulting from the merger of three parties: the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping, led by Josep Pallach i Carolà, the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress, and the Catalan Federation of the PSOE.
See Catalonia and Socialists' Party of Catalonia
Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any or all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on language and the ways it is used.
See Catalonia and Sociolinguistics
Sopa de Cabra
Sopa de Cabra ('Goat Soup') is a musical group from Girona, Catalonia, Spain, active from 1986 to 2002 and since 2015.
See Catalonia and Sopa de Cabra
Southern Europe
Southern Europe is the southern region of Europe.
See Catalonia and Southern Europe
Spain
Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.
See Catalonia and Spanish Civil War
Spanish colonization of the Americas
The Spanish colonization of the Americas began in 1493 on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) after the initial 1492 voyage of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus under license from Queen Isabella I of Castile.
See Catalonia and Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Catalonia and Spanish language
Spanish March
The Spanish March or Hispanic March was a military buffer zone established c.795 by Charlemagne in the eastern Pyrenees and nearby areas, to protect the new territories of the Christian Carolingian Empire - the Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine, and Septimania - from the Muslim Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus.
See Catalonia and Spanish March
Spanish miracle
The Spanish miracle (el milagro español) refers to a period of exceptionally rapid development and growth across all major areas of economic activity in Spain during the latter part of the Francoist regime, 1959 to 1974, in which GDP averaged a 6.5 percent growth rate per year, and was itself part of a much longer period of an above average GDP growth rate from 1951 to 2007.
See Catalonia and Spanish miracle
Spanish property bubble
The Spanish property bubble is the collapsed overshooting part of a long-term price increase of Spanish real estate prices.
See Catalonia and Spanish property bubble
Spanish Revolution of 1936
The Spanish Revolution was a workers' social revolution that began at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and for two to three years resulted in the widespread implementation of anarchist and, more broadly, libertarian socialist organizational principles throughout various portions of the country, primarily Catalonia, Aragon, Andalusia, and parts of the Valencian Community.
See Catalonia and Spanish Revolution of 1936
Spanish transition to democracy
The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición or la Transición española, is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
See Catalonia and Spanish transition to democracy
Sperm whale
The sperm whale or cachalot (Physeter macrocephalus) is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator.
Sports Federation Union of Catalonia
The Sports Federation Union of Catalonia (Catalan: Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya), generally known by its acronym UFEC is a private and non-profit sports association founded in 1933 under the name of the Catalan Union of Sports Federations (Catalan: Unió Catalana de Federacions Esportives, UCFE) and restored in 1985 by the Generalitat of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Sports Federation Union of Catalonia
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
See Catalonia and Stanford University Press
Stanley G. Payne
Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934) is an American historian of modern Spain and European fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
See Catalonia and Stanley G. Payne
Statistical Institute of Catalonia
The Statistical Institute of Catalonia (in Catalan: Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya, usually referred to by its acronym IDESCAT) is the official body responsible for collecting and publishing statistics in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Statistical Institute of Catalonia
Statute of autonomy
Nominally, a statute of autonomy (estatuto de autonomía, estatut d'autonomia, estatuto de autonomía, estatutu d'autonomía, autonomia estatutua) is a law hierarchically located under the constitution of a country and, usually, over any other form of legislation.
See Catalonia and Statute of autonomy
Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932
The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932, also called the Statute of Núria, was the first implemented statute of autonomy for Catalonia, officially providing self-government to Catalonia for the first time in more than 200 years.
See Catalonia and Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932
Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979
The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya; also Statute of Sau, Estatut de Sau, after the location where the statute was first made) is a constitutional law defining the region of Catalonia as an autonomous community within the Kingdom of Spain.
See Catalonia and Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979
Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006
The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 (Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya) provides Catalonia's basic institutional regulations under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
See Catalonia and Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006
Steam engine
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.
See Catalonia and Steam engine
Suebi
The Suebi (also spelled Suevi) or Suebians were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic.
Summer Olympic Games
The Summer Olympic Games, also known as the Games of the Olympiad, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years.
See Catalonia and Summer Olympic Games
Supreme Court of Spain
The Supreme Court (TS) is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain.
See Catalonia and Supreme Court of Spain
SX3
SX3, styled Super3 until 2022, is a Catalan public television channel owned by Televisió de Catalunya in Catalan language.
Synchronized swimming
Synchronized swimming (in British English, synchronised swimming) or artistic swimming is a sport where swimmers perform a synchronized choreographed routine, accompanied by music.
See Catalonia and Synchronized swimming
Tambori
The tambori (tamborí) is a percussion instrument of about 10 centimetres diameter, a small shallow cylinder formed of metal or wood with a drumhead of skin.
Tarifit
Tarifit Berber, also known as Riffian or locally as Tamazight (italics) is a Zenati Berber language spoken in the Rif region in northern Morocco.
Tarraco
Tarraco is the ancient name of the current city of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain).
Tarragona
Tarragona (Tarraco) is a coastal city and municipality in Catalonia (Spain).
Telecinco
Telecinco is a Spanish free-to-air television channel operated by Mediaset España.
Telephone numbers in Spain
The Spanish telephone numbering plan is the allocation of telephone numbers in Spain.
See Catalonia and Telephone numbers in Spain
Televisió de Catalunya
Televisió de Catalunya (known by the acronym TVC) is the public broadcasting network of Catalonia, one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain.
See Catalonia and Televisió de Catalunya
Televisión Española
(acronym TVE, branded tve, "Spanish Television") is Spain's national state-owned public television broadcaster and the oldest regular television service in the country.
See Catalonia and Televisión Española
Tennis
Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).
Ter (river)
The Ter is a river in Catalonia, Spain.
Terrassa
Terrassa (Tarrasa) is a city in central-eastern Catalonia and in the province of Barcelona (Spain).
Terres de l'Ebre
Terres de l'Ebre (in English 'Ebre Lands') is the south-westernmost of the eight regions (''vegueries'') defined by the Regional Plan of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Terres de l'Ebre
Tertiary sector of the economy
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle).
See Catalonia and Tertiary sector of the economy
The Economic Times
The Economic Times is an Indian English-language business-focused daily newspaper.
See Catalonia and The Economic Times
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
See Catalonia and The Guardian
The Orphanage (2007 film)
The Orphanage (El orfanato) is a 2007 gothic supernatural horror film directed by J. A. Bayona in his directorial full-length debut.
See Catalonia and The Orphanage (2007 film)
The Revolutionary Left in Spain, 1914–1923
The Revolutionary Left in Spain, 1914–1923, is a 1974 history of Spanish labor and the left written by Gerald H. Meaker.
See Catalonia and The Revolutionary Left in Spain, 1914–1923
The World's 50 Best Restaurants
The World's 50 Best Restaurants is a list produced by the UK media company William Reed, which originally appeared in the British magazine Restaurant in 2002.
See Catalonia and The World's 50 Best Restaurants
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
See Catalonia and Thirty Years' War
Tió de Nadal
The Tió de Nadal (meaning in English "Christmas Log"), also known simply as tió (Log), soca or tronc(a) (trunk), is a character in Catalan mythology relating to a Christmas tradition widespread in Catalonia, Majorca (known as Nadaler), Occitania (Southern France) and Andorra.
See Catalonia and Tió de Nadal
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
See Catalonia and Time (magazine)
Tirant lo Blanch
Tirant lo Blanch (modern spelling: Tirant lo Blanc), in English Tirant the White, is a chivalric romance written by the Valencian knight Joanot Martorell, finished posthumously by his friend Martí Joan de Galba and published in the city of Valencia in 1490 as an incunabulum edition.
See Catalonia and Tirant lo Blanch
Together for Catalonia (2020)
Together for Catalonia (Junts per Catalunya, Junts) is a populist pro-Catalan independence political party in Catalonia established in July 2020 by former Catalan president Carles Puigdemont, announced on 2 July as a result of the foundering of negotiations with the Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) over the re-organization of the post-convergent political space under the "Together for Catalonia" umbrella.
See Catalonia and Together for Catalonia (2020)
Tomato
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant.
Tordera
Tordera is a city in the comarca of Maresme, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, situated 64 km from Barcelona and 36 km from Girona on the edge of the Montnegre natural park.
Tortosa
Tortosa is the capital of the comarca of Baix Ebre, in Catalonia, Spain.
Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel.
Town hall
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or municipal building (in the Philippines) is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality.
Tragic Week (Spain)
Tragic Week (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (25 July – 2 August 1909) was a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and anarchists, freemasons, socialists and republicans of Barcelona and other cities in Catalonia, Spain, during the last week of July 1909.
See Catalonia and Tragic Week (Spain)
Trainline
Trainline (formerly Thetrainline.com) is a British digital rail and coach technology platform operating across Europe.
Treaty of Corbeil (1258)
The Treaty of Corbeil was an agreement signed on 11 May 1258, in Corbeil (today Corbeil-Essonnes, in the region of Île-de-France) between Louis IX of France and James I of Aragon.
See Catalonia and Treaty of Corbeil (1258)
Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed on 7 November 1659 and ended the Franco-Spanish War that had begun in 1635.
See Catalonia and Treaty of the Pyrenees
Trial of Catalonia independence leaders
The trial of Catalonia independence leaders, legally named Causa Especial 20907/2017 and popularly known as the Causa del procés, was an oral trial that began on 12 February 2019 in the Supreme Court of Spain.
See Catalonia and Trial of Catalonia independence leaders
Tribunal de Cassació
Tribunal de Cassació (Catalan for Court of Cassation) was the Generalitat of Catalonia's judicial organization during the Second Spanish Republic, founded in 1934, established according to the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932.
See Catalonia and Tribunal de Cassació
Trombone
The trombone (Posaune, Italian, French: trombone) is a musical instrument in the brass family.
Trumpet
The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles.
TV3 (Catalan TV channel)
TV3 is the primary television channel of Catalan public broadcaster Televisió de Catalunya, a subsidiary of the CCMA.
See Catalonia and TV3 (Catalan TV channel)
TV3CAT
TV3CAT (known as Televisió de Catalunya Internacional until 29 May 2009) is an international Catalan language television channel owned by Catalan Media Corporation (CCMA) and operated by Television of Catalonia (TVC), a division of the CCMA.
Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports.
See Catalonia and Twenty-foot equivalent unit
UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League (abbreviated as UCL) is an annual club association football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs, deciding the competition winners through a round robin group stage to qualify for a double-legged knockout format, and a single leg final.
See Catalonia and UEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
The UEFA Europa League (previously known as the UEFA Cup), abbreviated as UEL or sometimes UEFA EL, is an annual football club competition organised since 1971 by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for eligible European football clubs.
See Catalonia and UEFA Europa League
Ullastret
Ullastret is a small historic village on the Bay of Empordà located some 5 km northeast of La Bisbal d'Empordà, in Catalonia.
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Catalonia and Umayyad Caliphate
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya, PSUC) was a communist political party active in Catalonia between 1936 and 1997.
See Catalonia and Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
See Catalonia and Universal suffrage
University of North Carolina Press
The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a not-for-profit university press associated with the University of North Carolina.
See Catalonia and University of North Carolina Press
Unknown (2011 film)
Unknown is a 2011 action-thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, and Frank Langella.
See Catalonia and Unknown (2011 film)
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide.
See Catalonia and Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia.
Urnfield culture
The Urnfield culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Central Europe, often divided into several local cultures within a broader Urnfield tradition.
See Catalonia and Urnfield culture
Usages of Barcelona
The Usages of Barcelona (Usatges de Barcelona,; Usatici Barchinonae) were the customs that form the basis for the Catalan Constitutions.
See Catalonia and Usages of Barcelona
Val d'Aran
Aran (often known as the Aran Valley, or Val d'Aran in Aranese Occitan; in other forms of Occitan: Vath d'Aran or Vau d'Aran, in Catalan: Vall d'Aran, in Spanish: Valle de Arán) is an autonomous administrative entity (formerly considered a comarca) in northwest Catalonia, Spain, consisting of in area, located in the Pyrenees mountains, in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region and in the province of Lleida.
Valencian Community
The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain. Catalonia and Valencian Community are autonomous communities of Spain, catalan Countries, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union and regions of Europe with multiple official languages.
See Catalonia and Valencian Community
Valentí Almirall i Llozer
Valentí Almirall i Llozer (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 8 March 1841 – 1904) was a Catalan politician, considered one of the fathers of modern Catalan nationalism, and more specifically, of the left-wing variety.
See Catalonia and Valentí Almirall i Llozer
Vallès
El Vallès (or simply Vallès) is a historical county in Catalonia, Spain, located in the center of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range.
Valls
Valls is a city and municipality in the Camp de Tarragona region in Catalonia, Spain.
Vandals
The Vandals were a Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland.
Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
Vegetable
Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food.
Vegueries of Catalonia
Catalonia is internally divided into eight regional divisions, known in Catalan as (singular vegueria), following the regional plan of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Vegueries of Catalonia
Vespasian
Vespasian (Vespasianus; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79.
Via Augusta
The Via Augusta (also known as the Via Herculea or Via Exterior) was the longest and busiest of the major roads built by the Romans in ancient Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula).
Victoria de los Ángeles
Victoria de los Ángeles López García (1 November 192315 January 2005) was a Catalan Spanish operatic lyric soprano and recitalist whose career began after the Second World War and reached its height in the years from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s.
See Catalonia and Victoria de los Ángeles
Vielha e Mijaran
Vielha e Mijaran is a municipality in central Aran, Catalonia.
See Catalonia and Vielha e Mijaran
Vilanova i la Geltrú
Vilanova i la Geltrú is the capital city of Garraf comarca, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Vilanova i la Geltrú
Virgin of Montserrat
Our Lady of Montserrat or the Virgin of Montserrat (Mare de Déu de Montserrat) is a Marian title associated with a statue of the Madonna and Child venerated at the Santa Maria de Montserrat monastery on Montserrat mountain in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Virgin of Montserrat
Visigothic Kingdom
The Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths (Regnum Gothorum) occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries.
See Catalonia and Visigothic Kingdom
Visigoths
The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity.
Volta a Catalunya
The Volta a Catalunya (Tour of Catalonia, Vuelta a Cataluña) is a road bicycle race held annually in Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and Volta a Catalunya
War of the Remences
The Rebellion of the Remences or War of the Remences was a popular revolt in late medieval Europe against seignorial pressures that began in the Principality of Catalonia in 1462 and ended a decade later without definitive result.
See Catalonia and War of the Remences
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714.
See Catalonia and War of the Spanish Succession
Water polo
Water polo is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each.
Western Roman Empire
In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.
See Catalonia and Western Roman Empire
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
Wild boar
The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania.
Wilfred the Hairy
Wilfred or Wifred, called the Hairy (in Catalan: Guifré el Pilós), (died 11 August 897) was Count of Urgell (from 870), Cerdanya (from 870), Barcelona (from 878), Girona (from 878, as Wilfred II), Besalú (from 878) and Ausona (from 886).
See Catalonia and Wilfred the Hairy
Wolf
The wolf (Canis lupus;: wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America.
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Catalonia and World Heritage Site
Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park
The Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park (Catalan: Parc Natural de la Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa) is a natural park area covering a Holocene volcanic field (also known as the Olot volcanic field) in Catalonia, northeastern Spain.
See Catalonia and Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park
1929 Barcelona International Exposition
The 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (also 1929 Barcelona Universal Exposition, or Expo 1929, officially in Spanish: Exposición Internacional de Barcelona 1929 was the second World Fair to be held in Barcelona, the first one being in 1888. It took place from 20 May 1929 to 15 January 1930 in Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and 1929 Barcelona International Exposition
1955 Mediterranean Games
The 1955 Mediterranean Games, officially known as the II Mediterranean Games, and commonly known as Barcelona 1955, were the 2nd Mediterranean Games.
See Catalonia and 1955 Mediterranean Games
1980 Catalan regional election
The 1980 Catalan regional election was held on Thursday, 20 March 1980, to elect the 1st Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and 1980 Catalan regional election
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympics (Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and 1992 Summer Olympics
2007–2008 financial crisis
The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or the global financial crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression.
See Catalonia and 2007–2008 financial crisis
2010 Catalan regional election
The 2010 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 28 November 2010, to elect the 9th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and 2010 Catalan regional election
2012 Catalan regional election
The 2012 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 25 November 2012, to elect the 10th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and 2012 Catalan regional election
2013 World Aquatics Championships
The 15th FINA World Championships (Campionat Mundial de Natació de 2013, Campeonato Mundial de Natación de 2013) were held from 20 July to 4 August in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and 2013 World Aquatics Championships
2017 Catalan independence referendum
An independence referendum was held on 1 October 2017 in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia, passed by the Parliament of Catalonia as the Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia and called by the Generalitat de Catalunya.
See Catalonia and 2017 Catalan independence referendum
2017 Catalan regional election
The 2017 Catalan regional election was held on Thursday 21 December 2017 to elect the 12th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and 2017 Catalan regional election
2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis
A constitutional crisis took place in Spain from 2017 to 2018 as the result of a political conflict between the Government of Spain and the Generalitat de Catalunya under the then-President Carles Puigdemont —the government of the autonomous community of Catalonia until 28 October 2017— over the issue of Catalan independence.
See Catalonia and 2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis
2018 Mediterranean Games
The 2018 Mediterranean Games (Juegos Mediterráneos de 2018), officially known as the XVIII Mediterranean Games (XVIII Juegos Mediterráneos) and commonly known as Tarragona 2018, was an international multi-sport event held from 22 June to 1 July 2018 in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Catalonia and 2018 Mediterranean Games
2021 Catalan regional election
The 2021 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 14 February 2021, to elect the 13th/14th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Catalonia and 2021 Catalan regional election
3/24
3/24 (tres vint-i-quatre) is a Catalan free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisió de Catalunya (TVC).
8TV (Catalonia)
8TV, formerly known as TD8 and then Citytv, was a Catalan language private TV station based in Barcelona, Spain.
See Catalonia and 8TV (Catalonia)
See also
Autonomous communities of Spain
- Andalusia
- Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain
- Aragon
- Armorial of Spanish autonomous communities
- Asturias
- Autonomous Communities Administration
- Autonomous Region of Catalonia (1931–1939)
- Autonomous communities of Spain
- Balearic Islands
- Basque Country (autonomous community)
- Canary Islands
- Cantabria
- Castile and León
- Castilla–La Mancha
- Catalonia
- Ceuta
- Community of Madrid
- Extremadura
- Flags of the autonomous communities of Spain
- Galicia (Spain)
- ISO 3166-2:ES
- La Rioja
- List of Spanish autonomous communities by median income
- Melilla
- Navarre
- President (Autonomous Community of Spain)
- Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities
- Region of Murcia
- Valencian Community
Catalan Countries
- Alghero
- Andorra
- Balearic Islands
- Catalan Countries
- Catalan independence movement
- Catalan nationalism
- Catalonia
- Gate of the Catalan Countries
- La Franja
- Northern Catalonia
- Valencian Community
Regions of Europe with multiple official languages
- Adygea
- Aosta Valley
- Balearic Islands
- Bashkortostan
- Basque Country (autonomous community)
- Bilingual communes in Poland
- Brussels
- Canton of Bern
- Catalonia
- Chechnya
- Chuvashia
- Dagestan
- Duino-Aurisina
- Eupen-Malmedy
- Faroe Islands
- Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Friesland
- Gagauz Republic
- Gagauzia
- Galicia (Spain)
- Grisons
- Ingushetia
- Istria County
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Kalmykia
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- Komi Republic
- Languages of Switzerland
- Liège Province
- Limburg (Netherlands)
- Mari El
- Mordovia
- Navarre
- North Ossetia–Alania
- Northern Ireland
- Republika Srpska
- South Tyrol
- Tatarstan
- Transnistria
- Udmurtia
- Valencian Community
- Vojvodina
- Wales
States and territories established in 1932
- Amur Oblast
- Catalonia
- Central District, Dnipro
- Chernihiv Oblast
- Distrito Nacional
- Fridtjof Nansen Land
- Granados Municipality, Sonora
- Hejiang Province
- Iraq
- Kamchatka Oblast
- Karaidelsky District
- Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Kharkiv Oblast
- Kingdom of Iraq
- Kyiv Oblast
- Manchukuo
- Odesa Oblast
- San Cristóbal Province
- Saudi Arabia
- Severo-Yeniseysky District
- Socialist Republic of Chile
- Thailand
- Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
- Vinnytsia Oblast
- Xing'an Province
States and territories established in 1979
- Aurora (province)
- Basque Country (autonomous community)
- Canton of Jura
- Catalonia
- Dagang, Tianjin
- Dovhyntsivskyi District
- Greenland
- Hof Aza Regional Council
- Independent State of Rainbow Creek
- Interim Government of Iran
- Iran
- Kiribati
- Kovdorsky District
- Loiri Porto San Paolo
- Mato Grosso do Sul
- People's Republic of Kampuchea
- Rehoboth (homeland)
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Sant'Antonio di Gallura
- Southern Rhodesia
- State of Free Lebanon
- Talossa
- Villaperuccio
- Zimbabwe Rhodesia
References
Also known as Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Autovía C-13, C-13 (Carretera), C-13 (Road), Catalania, Catalogne, Catalonha, Catalonia (Autonomous Community), Catalonia (Catalunya), Catalonia (Spain), Catalonia, Spain, Catalonic, Cataluña, Cataluña Autonomous Community, Cataluña Autonomous Community, Spain, Catalunia, Catalunya, Catalunya, Spain, Cataluyna, Cataluña, Spain, Climate of Catalonia, Culture of Catalonia, Demographics of Catalonia, ES-CT, Economy of Catalunya, Etymology of Catalonia, Fauna of Catalonia, Flora and fauna of Catalonia, Geography of Catalonia, Katalunia, Ports in Catalonia, Southern Catalonia, Spanish Catalonia, Wildlife of Catalonia.
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Barcelona, Counterurbanization, County, County of Barcelona, County of Foix, County of Roussillon, Crème brûlée, Criminal justice, Crown of Aragon, Crown of Castile, Cuatro (TV channel), Cubism, Cultural heritage, Dalí Theatre and Museum, Date and time notation in Catalonia, Democracy, Denominación de origen, Dessert, Devolution, Documentary film, Dolphin, Domènec Terradellas, Duchy, Duchy of Athens, Duchy of Neopatras, Eastern Europe, Eastern Orthodoxy, Ebro, Ebro Delta, Ecological footprint, Eduard Toldrà, Eight-hour day, Eixample, El 33, El Bulli, El Celler de Can Roca, El Mundo (Spain), El País, El Periódico de Catalunya, El Punt, El Vendrell, Els Pets, Els Segadors, Els Setze Jutges, Embezzlement, Empúries, Empordà, Empordà (DO), ENAIRE, Enric Miralles, Enrique Granados, Epipalaeolithic, Escudella, Esport3, Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, Estanislao Figueras, Estates of the realm, Ethnicity, Eugenio d'Ors, EUobserver, Euronews, European Region of Gastronomy, European Union, Evangelicalism, Events of 6 October, Evil customs, Executive Council of Catalonia, Extremadura, Falset, Tarragona, Fascism, FC Barcelona, FC Barcelona media, Federalism, Felip Pedrell, Felipe VI, Ferdinand I of Aragon, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ferdinand VII, Fernando Sor, Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Figueres, Fin whale, Fira de Barcelona, First Spanish Republic, Fish as food, Fitch Ratings, Four Motors for Europe, France, Francesc Macià, Francesc Pi i Margall, Francia, Francisco Franco, Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre, Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Francoist Spain, Freezing drizzle, French departments of Spain, Fuet, Fundació Antoni Tàpies, Fundació Joan Miró, Futsal, Gabriel Ferrater, Galicia (Spain), Galop, Garonne, Garraf, Gascon dialect, GATEPAC, Gaudí Awards, Generalitat de Catalunya, Generation of '36, Geography, George Orwell, Giacomo Aragall, Girona, Girona–Costa Brava Airport, Gothic architecture, Goths, Government of Spain, Goya Awards, Gross 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