274 relations: Adaptation, Airbreathing catfish, Alabama cavefish, Amblycipitidae, Amblyopsidae, Amblyopsis, Anchialine pool, Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus, Animal echolocation, Apex predator, Aquarium, Aquifer, Astroblepus, Astroblepus pholeter, Astroblepus riberae, Astyanax jordani, Banded sculpin, Bangana, Barbatula, Basal metabolic rate, Bat, Belostomatidae, Biological pigment, Biosurvey, Blind cave eel, Blind cave loach, Blind fish, Blind swamp eel, Bostrychus microphthalmus, Brackish water, Breeding program, Caecobarbus geertsii, Caecocypris basimi, Caecogobius cryptophthalmus, Callichthyidae, Catfish, Cave, Cave salamander, Characidae, Chemoreceptor, Circadian rhythm, Claea dabryi, Clarias cavernicola, Cobitidae, Convergent evolution, Cottidae, Courtship display, Crab, Crayfish, Critically endangered, ..., Crossed-fork back golden-line fish, Current Biology, Cyprinidae, Deep sea fish, Department of the Environment (Australia, 2013–16), Detritivore, Devils Hole pupfish, Display (zoology), Draconectes narinosus, Drought, Duck-billed golden-line fish, Earthworm eel, Eidinemacheilus smithi, Eigenmannia vicentespelaea, Electroreception, Eleotridae, Extinction, Extremophile, Eyeless golden-line fish, Family (biology), Fish scale, Fishkeeping, Folk taxonomy, Garra barreimiae, Garra dunsirei, Garra lorestanensis, Garra tashanensis, Garra typhlops, Genetics, Gill, Glanapteryginae, Glass knifefish, Glossogobius ankaranensis, Goby, Gold-colored angle fish, Grotto sculpin, Guano, Gymnotiformes, Habitat destruction, Heptapteridae, Hillstream loach, Hoosier cavefish, Horaglanis abdulkalami, Horaglanis alikunhii, Horaglanis krishnai, Hyaline fish, Hypogeal, Ichthyology, Ictaluridae, Indoreonectes evezardi, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Introduced species, IUCN Red List, Juil ciego, Karst, Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Kryptoglanis shajii, Lateral line, Lens (anatomy), List of troglobites, Longanalus macrochirous, Loricariidae, Lucifuga simile, Lucifuga subterranea, Lucifuga teresinarum, Luciogobius, Luciogobius albus, Luciogobius pallidus, Mexican blind brotula, Mexican tetra, Milyeringa, Milyeringa justitia, Milyeringa veritas, Monophyly, Mottled sculpin, Mouthbrooder, Nemacheilidae, Neolissochilus subterraneus, New Providence cusk-eel, New Scientist, Northern cavefish, Oaxaca cave sleeper, Ogilbia galapagosensis, Optic nerve, Oreonectes anophthalmus, Oreonectes furcocaudalis, Oreonectes macrolepis, Oreonectes microphthalmus, Organic compound, Oviparity, Ovoviviparity, Oxygen, Ozark cavefish, Paracobitis, Parietal eye, PDF, Pennsylvania, Photophobia (biology), Phreatic, Phreatichthys andruzzii, Phreatobius, Phreatobius cisternarum, Phreatobius dracunculus, Phreatobius sanguijuela, Pimelodella kronei, Pineal gland, Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae, Poropuntius speleops, Prietella lundbergi, Prietella phreatophila, Protocobitis typhlops, Pupfish, Retina, Rhamdia zongolicensis, Salinity, Sarcoglanidinae, Schistura, Schistura deansmarti, Schistura jarutanini, Schistura kaysonei, Schistura larketensis, Schistura lingyunensis, Schistura mobbsi, Schistura oedipus, Schistura papulifera, Schistura sijuensis, Schistura spekuli, Siluridae, Sinkhole, Sinocyclocheilus, Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus, Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus, Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis, Sinocyclocheilus aquihornes, Sinocyclocheilus biangularis, Sinocyclocheilus bicornutus, Sinocyclocheilus brevibarbatus, Sinocyclocheilus broadihornes, Sinocyclocheilus cyphotergous, Sinocyclocheilus flexuosdorsalis, Sinocyclocheilus guanyangensis, Sinocyclocheilus huanjiangensis, Sinocyclocheilus hugeibarbus, Sinocyclocheilus jinxiensis, Sinocyclocheilus jiuxuensis, Sinocyclocheilus lingyunensis, Sinocyclocheilus longibarbatus, Sinocyclocheilus longifinus, Sinocyclocheilus luolouensis, Sinocyclocheilus luopingensis, Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus, Sinocyclocheilus macroscalus, Sinocyclocheilus maculatus, Sinocyclocheilus maitianheensis, Sinocyclocheilus malacopterus, Sinocyclocheilus mashanensis, Sinocyclocheilus multipunctatus, Sinocyclocheilus oxycephalus, Sinocyclocheilus purpureus, Sinocyclocheilus qiubeiensis, Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous, Sinocyclocheilus robustus, Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis, Sinocyclocheilus tileihornes, Sinocyclocheilus xunlensis, Sinocyclocheilus yishanensis, Slimy sculpin, Small eye golden-line fish, Somalian blind barb, Southern Germany, Species complex, Species description, Species richness, Speolabeo musaei, Speonectes tiomanensis, Spider, Spring cavefish, Starostin's loach, Stone loach, Stygichthys, Stygofauna, Subspecies, Subterranean river, Subtropics, Sundoreonectes, Swamp eel, Swim bladder, Synonym (taxonomy), Taste bud, Taxonomy (biology), Threatened species, Toothless blindcat, Trichomycteridae, Trichomycterus chaberti, Triplophysa, Triplophysa aluensis, Triplophysa gejiuensis, Triplophysa longibarbata, Triplophysa qiubeiensis, Triplophysa rosa, Triplophysa shilinensis, Triplophysa tianeensis, Triplophysa xiangshuingensis, Triplophysa xiangxiensis, Triplophysa yunnanensis, Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis, Troglomorphism, Trogloxene, Typhleotris madagascariensis, Typhleotris mararybe, Typhleotris pauliani, Typhlichthys subterraneus, Typhlobarbus nudiventris, Typhlogarra widdowsoni, Uegitglanis zammaranoi, Underground lake, Undescribed taxon, Viviparous brotula, Water extraction, Waterfall climbing cave fish, West Virginia, Western New Guinea, Widemouth blindcat. Expand index (224 more) »
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.
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Airbreathing catfish
Airbreathing catfishes are fishes comprising the family Clariidae of order Siluriformes.
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Alabama cavefish
The Alabama cavefish (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni), is a critically endangered species of amblyopsid cavefish found only in underground pools in Key Cave, located in northwestern Alabama, United States in the Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge.
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Amblycipitidae
The Amblycipitidae are a family of catfishes, commonly known as torrent catfishes.
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Amblyopsidae
The Amblyopsidae are a fish family commonly referred to as cavefish, blindfish, or swampfish.
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Amblyopsis
Amblyopsis is a genus of small (up to long) fish in the family Amblyopsidae that are endemic to the central and eastern United States.
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Anchialine pool
An anchialine pool or pond (pronounced "AN-key-ah-lin", from Greek ankhialos, "near the sea") is a landlocked body of water with a subterranean connection to the ocean.
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Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus
Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to China.
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Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals.
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Apex predator
An apex predator, also known as an alpha predator or top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, with no natural predators.
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Aquarium
An aquarium (plural: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.
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Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
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Astroblepus
Astroblepus is a genus of fish in the family Astroblepidae found in South America and Panama.
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Astroblepus pholeter
Astroblepus pholeter is a species of catfish of the family Astroblepidae.
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Astroblepus riberae
Astroblepus riberae is a species of catfish of the family Astroblepidae.
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Astyanax jordani
Astyanax jordani is a freshwater fish of the characin family (family Characidae) of order Characiformes, native to Mexico.
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Banded sculpin
The banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae) is a freshwater fish dwelling mostly in small to moderate sized streams in areas of swift current.
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Bangana
Bangana is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows.
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Barbatula
Barbatula is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae native to Europe and Asia.
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Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.
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Bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera; with their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight.
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Belostomatidae
Belostomatidae is a family of freshwater hemipteran insects known as giant water bugs or colloquially as toe-biters, Indian toe-biters, electric-light bugs, alligator ticks, or alligator fleas (in Florida).
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Biological pigment
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.
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Biosurvey
A biosurvey, or biological survey, is a scientific study of organisms to assess the condition of an ecological resource, such as a water body.
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Blind cave eel
The blind cave eel (Ophisternon candidum) is a species of fish in the family Synbranchidae.
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Blind cave loach
The Blind cave loach (Nemacheilus troglocataractus) is a species of troglobitic stone loach endemic to Thailand.
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Blind fish
A blind fish is a fish without functional eyes.
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Blind swamp eel
The blind swamp eel (Ophisternon infernale) is a species of fish in the family Synbranchidae.
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Bostrychus microphthalmus
Bostrychus microphthalmus is a species of fish from the Eleotridae family.
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Brackish water
Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater.
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Breeding program
A breeding program is the planned breeding of a group of animals or plants, usually involving at least several individuals and extending over several generations.
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Caecobarbus geertsii
Caecobarbus geertsi, the African blind barb or Congo blind barb (known as Nzonzi a mpofo in the local Kikongo language, meaning blind barb), is a species of cyprinid fish.
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Caecocypris basimi
Caecocypris basimi, the Haditha cavefish, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Iraq, only occurring in aquifers near Haditha.
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Caecogobius cryptophthalmus
Caecogobius cryptophthalmus is a species of goby that is endemic to underground habitats in Calbiga on the Philippine island of Samar.
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Callichthyidae
Callichthyidae is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes), called armored catfishes due to the two rows of bony plates (or scutes) running down the length of their bodies.
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Catfish
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish.
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Cave
A cave is a hollow place in the ground, specifically a natural space large enough for a human to enter.
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Cave salamander
A cave salamander is a type of salamander that primarily or exclusively inhabits caves, a group that includes several species.
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Characidae
Characidae, the characids or characins is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish, belonging to the order Characiformes.
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Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which transduces (responds to) a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) and generates a biological signal.
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Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Claea dabryi
Claea dabryi is a species of stone loach endemic to the Jinshajiang river basin in China.
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Clarias cavernicola
The golden cave catfish (Clarias cavernicola) is a critically endangered species of airbreathing catfish.
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Cobitidae
Cobitidae, also known as the True loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish.
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Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
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Cottidae
The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins.
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Courtship display
A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal attempts to attract a mate and exhibit their desire to copulate.
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Crab
Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (translit.
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Crayfish
Crayfish, also known as crawfish, crawdads, crawldads, freshwater lobsters, mountain lobsters, mudbugs or yabbies, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are related; taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea.
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Critically endangered
A critically endangered (CR) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Crossed-fork back golden-line fish
The crossed-fork back golden-line fish (Sinocyclocheilus furcodorsalis) is a species of blind cave fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Current Biology
Current Biology is a scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology and evolutionary biology.
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Cyprinidae
The Cyprinidae are the family of freshwater fishes, collectively called cyprinids, that includes the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (for example, the barbs and barbels).
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Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea.
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Department of the Environment (Australia, 2013–16)
The Australian Department of the Environment was a department of the Government of Australia that existed between September 2013 and July 2016.
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Detritivore
Detritivores, also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).
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Devils Hole pupfish
The Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) is a species of fish native to Devils Hole (Nevada, U.S.), a geothermal aquifer-fed pool within a limestone cavern, in the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge east of Death Valley.
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Display (zoology)
Display is a form of animal behaviour, connected to sexual selection and survival of the species in various ways.
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Draconectes narinosus
Draconectes narinosus is a species of troglobitic stone loach known only from a cave on Van Gio Island in Halong Bay, Vietnam.
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Drought
A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
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Duck-billed golden-line fish
The duck-billed golden-line fish (Sinocyclocheilus anatirostris) is a species of cyprinid.
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Earthworm eel
Chaudhuriidae, is a family of small freshwater eel-like fish related to the swamp eels and spiny eels, commonly known as the earthworm eels.
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Eidinemacheilus smithi
Eidinemacheilus smithi, also known as the Zagroz blind loach, is a species of loach in the family Nemacheilidae.
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Eigenmannia vicentespelaea
Eigenmannia vicentespelaea is a species of weakly electric knifefish in the family Sternopygidae.
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Electroreception
Electroreception or electroception is the biological ability to perceive natural electrical stimuli.
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Eleotridae
Eleotridae is a family of fish commonly known as sleeper gobies, with about 34 genera and 180 species.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Extremophile
An extremophile (from Latin extremus meaning "extreme" and Greek philiā (φιλία) meaning "love") is an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.
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Eyeless golden-line fish
The eyeless golden-line fish or blind golden-line barbel (Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Fish scale
The skin of most fishes is covered with scales, which, in many cases, are animal reflectors or produce animal coloration.
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Fishkeeping
Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond.
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Folk taxonomy
A folk taxonomy is a vernacular naming system, and can be contrasted with scientific taxonomy.
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Garra barreimiae
Garra barreimiae, the Oman garra, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Garra dunsirei
Garra dunsirei, the Tawi Atair garra, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Garra lorestanensis
Garra lorestanensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra Known from the Loven Cave, the natural outlet of a subterranean limestone system of the Zagros Mountains in the Ab-e Sirum or Ab-e Serum Valley near Tang-e Haft railway station, the Tigris River drainage, the Persian Gulf Basin, Lorestan Province, southwestern Iran.
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Garra tashanensis
Garra tashanensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra.
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Garra typhlops
Garra typhlops, also known as the Iran cave barb is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide.
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Glanapteryginae
The Glanapteryginae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae.
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Glass knifefish
Glass knifefishes are fishes in the family Sternopygidae in the order Gymnotiformes.
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Glossogobius ankaranensis
Glossogobius ankaranensis is a species of fish in the Gobiidae family.
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Goby
Gobies are fishes of the family Gobiidae, one of the largest fish families comprising more than 2,000 species in more than 200 genera.
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Gold-colored angle fish
The gold-colored angle fish (Sinocyclocheilus angularis) is a species of cyprinid fish.
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Grotto sculpin
The grotto sculpin (Cottus specus) is a species of fish in the family Cottidae.
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Guano
Guano (from Quechua wanu via Spanish) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats.
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Gymnotiformes
The Gymnotiformes are a group of teleost bony fishes commonly known as the Neotropical or South American knifefish.
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Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction is the process in which natural habitat is rendered unable to support the species present.
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Heptapteridae
The Heptapteridae, or three-barbeled catfishes, are a family of catfish that originate from the Americas.
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Hillstream loach
The hillstream loaches or river loaches are a family, the Balitoridae, of small fish from South, Southeast and East Asia.
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Hoosier cavefish
The Hoosier cavefish (Amblyopsis hoosieri) is a subterranean species of blind fish from southern Indiana in the United States.
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Horaglanis abdulkalami
Horaglanis abdulkalami is a species of airbreathing catfish endemic to India.
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Horaglanis alikunhii
Horaglanis alikunhii is a species of airbreathing catfish endemic to India.
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Horaglanis krishnai
Horaglanis krishnai, the Indian blind catfish, is a species of airbreathing catfish endemic to India where it is found in wells in the area of Kottayam in Kerala.
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Hyaline fish
The hyaline fish (Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Hypogeal
Hypogeal, hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity below the soil surface.
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Ichthyology
Ichthyology (from Greek: ἰχθύς, ikhthys, "fish"; and λόγος, logos, "study"), also known as fish science, is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish.
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Ictaluridae
The Ictaluridae, sometimes called ictalurids, are a family of catfish native to North America, where they are important food fish and sometimes as a sport fish.
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Indoreonectes evezardi
Indoreonectes evezardi is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae.
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
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Introduced species
An introduced species (alien species, exotic species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species) is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental.
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IUCN Red List
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, has evolved to become the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.
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Juil ciego
The juil ciego or blindwhiskered catfish (Rhamdia reddelli) is a species of three-barbeled catfish endemic to Mexico.
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Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.
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Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge
Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge is a 1,060 acre (4.3 km2) National Wildlife Refuge located in northwestern Alabama, along the Tennessee River downstream from Florence, Alabama.
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Kryptoglanis shajii
Kryptoglanis shajii is a species of subterranean catfish found in subsurface waters in the Western Ghats in Kerala, India.
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Lateral line
The lateral line is a system of sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.
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Lens (anatomy)
The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
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List of troglobites
A troglobite (or, formally, troglobiont) is an animal species, or population of a species, strictly bound to underground habitats, such as caves.
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Longanalus macrochirous
Longanalus macrochirous is a species of cave-dwelling cyprinid fish endemic to the Maolan National Reserve in Guizhou, China.
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Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species to date, with new species being described each year.
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Lucifuga simile
Lucifuga simile is a species of cavefish in the Bythitidae family.
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Lucifuga subterranea
Lucifuga subterranea, or the Cuban cusk-eel, is a species of cavefish in the Bythitidae family.
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Lucifuga teresinarum
Lucifuga teresinarum is a species of cavefish in the Bythitidae family.
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Luciogobius
Luciogobius is a genus of fish in the goby family, Gobiidae.
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Luciogobius albus
Luciogobius albus is a species of goby endemic to Japan where it is found in fresh and brackish underground waters near the coasts.
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Luciogobius pallidus
Luciogobius pallidus is a species of goby endemic to Japan where it is found in fresh, brackish and marine underground waters near the coasts.
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Mexican blind brotula
The Mexican blind brotula (Typhliasina pearsei) is a species of viviparous brotula endemic to Mexico, where it is found in sinkholes and caves.
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Mexican tetra
The Mexican tetra or blind cave fish (Astyanax mexicanus) is a freshwater fish of the family Characidae of the order Characiformes.
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Milyeringa
Milyeringa is a genus of blind cavefish from the Cape Range and Barrow Island, northwestern Australia.
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Milyeringa justitia
Milyeringa justitia, commonly known as the Barrow cave gudgeon, is a species of sleeper goby endemic to groundwater systems (aquifers) of Barrow Island, around 50 km off the Pilbara coast in Western Australia.
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Milyeringa veritas
Milyeringa veritas, commonly known as the blind gudgeon, is a species of sleeper goby endemic to groundwater and anchialine systems in caves in the Cape Range, Australia.
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Monophyly
In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
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Mottled sculpin
The mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii) is a freshwater sculpin (family Cottidae) found widely although unevenly throughout North America.
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Mouthbrooder
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time.
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Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus found in Africa.
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Neolissochilus subterraneus
Neolissochilus subterraneus is a species of cyprinid cavefish that is endemic to the Tham Phra Wang Daeng cave within Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok Province in Thailand.
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New Providence cusk-eel
The New Providence cusk-eel, Lucifuga spelaeotes, is a species of cavefish in the Bythitidae family.
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New Scientist
New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.
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Northern cavefish
The northern cavefish or northern blindfish, Amblyopsis spelaea, is found in caves through Kentucky and southern Indiana.
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Oaxaca cave sleeper
Caecieleotris morrisi, also known as the Oaxaca cave sleeper is a species of troglobitic fish in the family Eleotridae found in a single cave system beneath Presa Miguel Alemán reservoir, northern State of Oaxaca in Mexico.
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Ogilbia galapagosensis
Ogilbia galapagosensis, the Galapagos cuskeel, is a species of fish in the Bythitidae family.
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Optic nerve
The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
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Oreonectes anophthalmus
Oreonectes anophthalmus is a species of ray-finned fish in the Nemacheilidae family.
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Oreonectes furcocaudalis
Oreonectes furcocaudalis is an oligotrobic species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Oreonectes.
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Oreonectes macrolepis
Oreonectes macrolepis is a species of ray-finned fish, an troglobitic stone loach, in the genus Oreonectes.
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Oreonectes microphthalmus
Oreonectes microphthalmus is a species of ray-finned fish, a troglobitic stone loach, in the genus Oreonectes.
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Organic compound
In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.
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Oviparity
Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother.
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Ovoviviparity
Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, or ovivipary, is a mode of reproduction in animals in which embryos that develop inside eggs remain in the mother's body until they are ready to hatch.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Ozark cavefish
The Ozark cavefish, Amblyopsis rosae, is a small subterranean freshwater fish native to the United States.
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Paracobitis
Paracobitis is a genus of Asian stone loaches.
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Parietal eye
A parietal eye, also known as a third eye or pineal eye, is a part of the epithalamus present in some animal species.
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The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
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Photophobia (biology)
In biology, photophobia (adjective: photophobic) refers to negative response to light.
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Phreatic
Phreatic is a term used in hydrology to refer to aquifers, in speleology to refer to cave passages, and in volcanology to refer to eruption type.
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Phreatichthys andruzzii
Phreatichthys andruzzii is a species of cyprinid fish.
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Phreatobius
Phreatobius is a genus of very small catfishes (order Siluriformes) from tropical South America.
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Phreatobius cisternarum
Phreatobius cisternarum is a species of catfish in the genus Phreatobius.
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Phreatobius dracunculus
Phreatobius dracunculus is a species of catfish in the genus Phreatobius.
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Phreatobius sanguijuela
Phreatobius sanguijuela is a species of catfish in the genus Phreatobius.
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Pimelodella kronei
Pimelodella kronei is a species of three-barbeled catfish endemic to Brazil.
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Pineal gland
The pineal gland, also known as the conarium, kônarion or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.
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Poecilia mexicana
Poecilia mexicana, commonly known as the shortfin molly or Atlantic molly, is a species of poeciliid fish native to fresh and brackish water in Mexico and Guatemala.
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Poeciliidae
The Poeciliidae are a family of freshwater fishes of the order Cyprinodontiformes, the tooth-carps, and include well-known live-bearing aquarium fish, such as the guppy, molly, platy, and swordtail.
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Poropuntius speleops
Poropuntius speleops is an vulnerable species of ray-finned fish in the genus Poropuntius.
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Prietella lundbergi
Prietella lundbergi (phantom blindcat) is a species of North American freshwater catfish (family Ictaluridae) endemic to Mexico.
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Prietella phreatophila
The Mexican blindcat (Prietella phreatophila), in Spanish bagre de muzquiz, is a species of North American freshwater catfish (family Ictaluridae).
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Protocobitis typhlops
Protocobitis typhlops is a species of troglobitic loach endemic to Guangxi, China.
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Pupfish
Pupfish are a group of small killifish belonging to ten genera of the family Cyprinodontidae of ray-finned fish.
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Retina
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
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Rhamdia zongolicensis
Rhamdia zongolicensis (common name: Zongolica catfish) is a species of three-barbeled catfish endemic to Mexico.
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Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water (see also soil salinity).
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Sarcoglanidinae
The Sarcoglanidinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae.
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Schistura
Schistura is a genus of fish in the stone loach family Nemacheilidae native to the streams and rivers of the southern and eastern Asia.
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Schistura deansmarti
Schistura deansmarti is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus Schistura.
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Schistura jarutanini
Schistura jarutanini is a species of troglobitic stone loach endemic to Thailand.
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Schistura kaysonei
Schistura kaysonei, the Laotian cave loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Schistura.
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Schistura larketensis
Schistura larketensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Schistura.
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Schistura lingyunensis
Schistura lingyunensis is a troblobitic species of stone loach found in Shadong Cave, Lingyun County in Guangxi.
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Schistura mobbsi
Schistura mobbsi is a species of troglobitic stone loach from the genus Schistura which is endemic to the Phuong Hoang Cave in Thai Nguyen Province in Vietnam.
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Schistura oedipus
Schistura oedipus is a species of troglobitic stone loach endemic to caves in the Pang Mapha karst formation in Mae Hongson Province in Thailand.
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Schistura papulifera
Schistura papulifera is a critically endangered species of ray-finned fish, a troblobitic stone loach, in the genus Schistura endemic to the state of Meghalaya in India.
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Schistura sijuensis
Schistura sijuensis is a troglobitic species of stone loach endemic to India.
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Schistura spekuli
Schistura spekuli is a species of ray-finned fish, a troglobitic stone loach, in the genus Schistura.
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Siluridae
Siluridae is the nominate family of catfishes in the order Siluriformes.
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Sinkhole
A sinkhole, also known as a cenote, sink, sink-hole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline (the different terms for sinkholes are often used interchangeably), is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.
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Sinocyclocheilus
Sinocyclocheilus is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to China, where only found in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
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Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus
Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus (common name: high-shoulder golden-line barbel) is a species of cave fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus
Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis
Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus aquihornes
Sinocyclocheilus aquihornes is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus biangularis
Sinocyclocheilus biangularis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus bicornutus
Sinocyclocheilus bicornutus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus brevibarbatus
Sinocyclocheilus brevibarbatus is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus broadihornes
Sinocyclocheilus broadihornes is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus cyphotergous
Sinocyclocheilus cyphotergous is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus flexuosdorsalis
Sinocyclocheilus flexuosdorsalis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus guanyangensis
Sinocyclocheilus guanyangensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the family Cyprinidae.
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Sinocyclocheilus huanjiangensis
Sinocyclocheilus huanjiangensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus hugeibarbus
Sinocyclocheilus hugeibarbus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus jinxiensis
Sinocyclocheilus jinxiensis is a species of cavefish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to Xiaolong Spring in Jinxi County, Guangxi, China.
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Sinocyclocheilus jiuxuensis
Sinocyclocheilus jiuxuensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus lingyunensis
Sinocyclocheilus lingyunensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus longibarbatus
Sinocyclocheilus longibarbatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus longifinus
Sinocyclocheilus longifinus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus luolouensis
Sinocyclocheilus luolouensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus luopingensis
Sinocyclocheilus luopingensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus
Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus macroscalus
Sinocyclocheilus macroscalus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus maculatus
Sinocyclocheilus maculatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus maitianheensis
Sinocyclocheilus maitianheensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus malacopterus
Sinocyclocheilus malacopterus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus mashanensis
Sinocyclocheilus mashanensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus multipunctatus
Sinocyclocheilus multipunctatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus oxycephalus
Sinocyclocheilus oxycephalus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus purpureus
Sinocyclocheilus purpureus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus qiubeiensis
Sinocyclocheilus qiubeiensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous
Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus robustus
Sinocyclocheilus robustus is an Asian freshwater species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis
Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus tileihornes
Sinocyclocheilus tileihornes is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus xunlensis
Sinocyclocheilus xunlensis is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Sinocyclocheilus.
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Sinocyclocheilus yishanensis
Sinocyclocheilus yishanensis (common name: Yishan golden-line barbel) is a species of cave fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Slimy sculpin
The slimy sculpin, Cottus cognatus, is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the family Cottidae, which is the largest sculpin family.
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Small eye golden-line fish
The small eye golden-line fish (Sinocyclocheilus microphthalmus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
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Somalian blind barb
The Somalian blind barb (Barbopsis devecchi) is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae.
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Southern Germany
Southern Germany as a region has no exact boundary but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken.
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Species complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related species that are very similar in appearance to the point that the boundaries between them are often unclear.
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Species description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper.
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Species richness
Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.
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Speolabeo musaei
Speolabeo musaei is a species of cyprinid cavefish endemic to the Xe Bang Fai River in Laos.
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Speonectes tiomanensis
Speonectes tiomanensis is a species of stone loach that is endemic to Malaysia and only known from a cave on Tioman Island.
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Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.
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Spring cavefish
The spring cavefish (Forbesichthys agassizii) is the only member of the genus Forbesichthys and is one of seven species in the family Amblyopsidae.
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Starostin's loach
The Starostin's loach (Troglocobitis starostini) is a species of troglobitic stone loach endemic to Turkmenistan.
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Stone loach
The stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) is a species of fresh water ray-finned fish in the Nemacheilidae family.
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Stygichthys
Stygichthys typhlops, the blind tetra or Brazilian blind characid, is a species of fish in the Characidae family and the only member of the genus Stygichthys.
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Stygofauna
Stygofauna are any fauna that live in groundwater systems or aquifers, such as caves, fissures and vugs.
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Subspecies
In biological classification, the term subspecies refers to a unity of populations of a species living in a subdivision of the species’s global range and varies from other populations of the same species by morphological characteristics.
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Subterranean river
A subterranean river is a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface – one where the riverbed does not represent the surface of the Earth (rivers flowing in gorges are not classed as subterranean).
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Subtropics
The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the tropics at latitude 23.5° (the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn) and temperate zones (normally referring to latitudes 35–66.5°) north and south of the Equator.
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Sundoreonectes
Sundoreonectes is a genus consisting of two species of stone loaches from the southeast Asian island of Borneo.
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Swamp eel
The swamp eels (also written "swamp-eels") are a family (Synbranchidae) of freshwater eel-like fishes of the tropics and subtropics.
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Swim bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.
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Synonym (taxonomy)
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name,''ICN'', "Glossary", entry for "synonym" although the term is used somewhat differently in the zoological code of nomenclature.
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Taste bud
Taste buds contain the taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells.
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Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
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Threatened species
Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.
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Toothless blindcat
The toothless blindcat (Trogloglanis pattersoni) is a species of North American freshwater catfish endemic to Texas in the United States.
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Trichomycteridae
The Trichomycteridae are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) commonly known as the pencil or parasitic catfishes.
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Trichomycterus chaberti
Trichomycterus chaberti is a species of cave-dwelling pencil catfish endemic to Bolivia.
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Triplophysa
Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.
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Triplophysa aluensis
Triplophysa aluensis is a species of stone loach in the genus Triplophysa.
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Triplophysa gejiuensis
Triplophysa gejiuensis (Gejiu blind loach) is a species of stone loach endemic to China.
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Triplophysa longibarbata
Triplophysa longibarbata is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.
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Triplophysa qiubeiensis
Triplophysa qiubeiensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.
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Triplophysa rosa
Triplophysa rosa is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.
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Triplophysa shilinensis
Triplophysa shilinensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.
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Triplophysa tianeensis
Triplophysa tianeensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.
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Triplophysa xiangshuingensis
Triplophysa xiangshuingensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa endemic to Yunnan, China.
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Triplophysa xiangxiensis
Triplophysa xiangxiensis is a species of stone loach endemic to Yuan River in Hunan, China.
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Triplophysa yunnanensis
Triplophysa yunnanensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Triplophysa.
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Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis
Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis is a species of cyprinid fish found in caves in Laos.
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Troglomorphism
Troglomorphism is the morphological adaptation of an animal to living in the constant darkness of caves, characterised by features such as loss of pigment, reduced eyesight or blindness, and frequently with attenuated bodies and/or appendages.
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Trogloxene
Trogloxenes or subtroglophile, also called cave guests, are animal species which periodically live in underground habitats such caves or at the very entrance, but cannot live exclusively in such habitats.
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Typhleotris madagascariensis
Typhleotris madagascariensis is a species of sleeper goby that is endemic to Madagascar, where it is only known from underground waters in the southwestern portion of the island.
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Typhleotris mararybe
Typhleotris mararybe is a critically endangered species of fish in the family Eleotridae, the sleeper gobies.
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Typhleotris pauliani
Typhleotris pauliani is a critically endangered species of sleeper goby that is endemic to Madagascar, where it is only known from a few caves and sinkholes in the southwestern portion of the island.
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Typhlichthys subterraneus
Typhlichthys subterraneus, the southern cavefish, is a species of cavefish in the Amblyopsidae family endemic to karst regions of the eastern United States.
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Typhlobarbus nudiventris
Typhlobarbus nudiventris is a vulnerable species of cyprinid fish endemic to Jianshui County in Yunnan, China.
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Typhlogarra widdowsoni
Typhlogarra widdowsoni, the Iraq blind barb or Haditha cave garra, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to underground water systems near Haditha in Iraq.
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Uegitglanis zammaranoi
Uegitglanis zammaranoi is the only species of catfish (order Siluriformes) in the genus Uegitglanis of the family Clariidae.
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Underground lake
An underground lake or subterranean lake is a lake under the surface of the Earth.
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Undescribed taxon
In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named.
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Viviparous brotula
The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes.
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Water extraction
Water extraction is the process of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently, for flood control or to obtain water for, for example, irrigation.
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Waterfall climbing cave fish
The waterfall climbing cave fish (Cryptotora thamicola), also known as the cave angel fish, is a species of troglobitic hillstream loach endemic to Thailand.
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West Virginia
West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.
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Western New Guinea
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua (formerly Irian Jaya) and West Papua, is the part of the island of New Guinea (also known as Papua) annexed by Indonesia in 1962.
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Widemouth blindcat
The widemouth blindcat (Satan eurystomus) is a species of North American freshwater catfish endemic to Texas in the United States.
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Redirects here:
Cave Fish, Cave fish, Cave-fish, Cavefishes, Hypogean fish, Phreatic fish, Stygobitic fish, Subterranean fish, Troglobitic fish, Troglomorphic fish.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavefish