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Cenote

Index Cenote

A cenote is a natural pit, or sinkhole, resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock that exposes groundwater underneath. [1]

90 relations: Afterlife, Anchialine pool, Aquifer, Arizona, Artifact (archaeology), Australia, BBC, Bedrock, Blue hole, Bolonchén, Campeche, Bottomless Lakes State Park, British Columbia, Carnegie Institution for Science, Cave, Cave diving, Chaac, Chichen Itza, Chicxulub crater, Chinhoyi Caves, Coba, Cretaceous, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Cuba, Cult of the Cenote, Density, Discovery Channel, Dzibilchaltun, Edward Herbert Thompson, Espasa-Calpe, Eve of Naharon, Ewens Ponds, Global Underwater Explorers, Great Blue Hole, Groundwater, Halocline, Human sacrifice, Hydraulic conductivity, Ik Kil, Karst, Limestone, List of sinkholes, Little Blue Lake, Los Tres Ojos, Mastodon, Maya civilization, Meteoric water, Mexico, Montezuma Well, Mount Gambier, South Australia, ..., Mount Schank, National Geographic Society, Nature (journal), Paleogene, Paleozoic, Pit cave, Playa del Carmen, Pond, Port Alice, Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo Speleological Survey, Radiocarbon dating, Refraction, Roswell, New Mexico, Sacred Cenote, Sacrifice in Maya culture, Saline water, Saltwater intrusion, Settlement of the Americas, Sinkhole, Sistema Dos Ojos, Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich, Sistema Ox Bel Ha, Sistema Sac Actun, Skull, South Australia, Stanford University Press, Tamaulipas, Tulum Municipality, UNESCO, UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Valladolid, Yucatán, Vancouver Island, Verde Valley, Water table, Yucatán, Yucatán Peninsula, Yucatec Maya language, Zacatón, Zimbabwe. Expand index (40 more) »

Afterlife

Afterlife (also referred to as life after death or the hereafter) is the belief that an essential part of an individual's identity or the stream of consciousness continues to manifest after the death of the physical body.

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Anchialine pool

An anchialine pool or pond (pronounced "AN-key-ah-lin", from Greek ankhialos, "near the sea") is a landlocked body of water with a subterranean connection to the ocean.

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Aquifer

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Artifact (archaeology)

An artifact, or artefact (see American and British English spelling differences), is something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Bedrock

In geology, bedrock is the lithified rock that lies under a loose softer material called regolith at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planets.

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Blue hole

A blue hole is a large marine cavern or sinkhole, which is open to the surface and has developed in a bank or island composed of a carbonate bedrock (limestone or coral reef).

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Bolonchén, Campeche

Bolonchén or Bolonchén de Rejón (Bolon Che'e'en in Modern Maya) is a town in the Mexican state of Campeche, about 120 km East from the state capital, Campeche, in Hopelchén Municipality.

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Bottomless Lakes State Park

Bottomless Lakes State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of New Mexico, located along the Pecos River, about southeast of Roswell.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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Carnegie Institution for Science

The Carnegie Institution of Washington (the organization's legal name), known also for public purposes as the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research.

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Cave

A cave is a hollow place in the ground, specifically a natural space large enough for a human to enter.

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Cave diving

Cave diving is underwater diving in water-filled caves.

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Chaac

Chaac (also spelled Chac or, in Classic Mayan, Chaahk) is the name of the Maya rain deity.

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Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza, Chichén Itzá, often with the emphasis reversed in English to; from Chi'ch'èen Ìitsha' (Barrera Vásquez et al., 1980.) "at the mouth of the well of the Itza people" was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period.

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Chicxulub crater

The Chicxulub crater is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.

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Chinhoyi Caves

The Chinhoyi Caves (previously the Sinoia Caves) are a group of limestone and dolomite caves in north central Zimbabwe.

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Coba

Coba (Cobá) is an ancient Mayan city on the Yucatán Peninsula, located in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.

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Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K-T) boundary, is a geological signature, usually a thin band of rock.

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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction, was a sudden mass extinction of some three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million years ago.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Cult of the Cenote

The Cult of the Cenote was a legendary tradition by the Mayan particularly under the rulership of the Mayapan in the Yucatán Peninsula.The tradition includes throwing selected people in the city's cenote as a human sacrifice as well as precious stones like gold, jade and other ornaments for the rain god, Chaac.

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Density

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

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Discovery Channel

Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American pay television channel that is the flagship television property of Discovery Inc., a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav.

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Dzibilchaltun

Dzibilchaltún (Yucatec: Ts'íibil Cháaltun, IPA: /d̥z̥ʼiː˧˥biɭ tɕʰɒːl˦˥tuŋ/) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Yucatán, approximately north of state capital Mérida.

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Edward Herbert Thompson

Edward Herbert Thompson (September 28, 1857 – May 11, 1935) was an American-born archaeologist and diplomat.

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Espasa-Calpe

Espasa-Calpe was a Spanish publisher which existed during the XX century.

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Eve of Naharon

Eve of Naharon (Eva de Naharon) is the skeleton of a 25- to 30-year-old human female found in the Naharon section of the underwater cave Sistema Naranjal in Mexico near the town of Tulum, around 80 miles south west of Cancún.

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Ewens Ponds

Ewens Ponds is a series of three water-filled limestone sinkholes in the Australian state of South Australia located in the gazetted locality of Eight Mile Creek on the watercourse known as Eight Mile Creek about south of Mount Gambier and east of Port Macdonnell.

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Global Underwater Explorers

Global Underwater Explorers (GUE) is a scuba diving organization that provides education within recreational, technical and cave diving.

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Great Blue Hole

The Great Blue Hole is a giant submarine sinkhole off the coast of Belize.

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Groundwater

Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

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Halocline

In oceanography, a halocline (from Greek hals, halo- ‘salt’ and klinein ‘to slope’) is a subtype of chemocline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water.

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Human sacrifice

Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual.

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Hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity, symbolically represented as K, is a property of vascular plants, soils and rocks, that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through pore spaces or fractures.

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Ik Kil

Ik Kil is a cenote outside Pisté in the Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán, Mexico.

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Karst

Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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List of sinkholes

The following is a list of sinkholes, blue holes, dolines, cenotes, and pit caves.

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Little Blue Lake

Little Blue Lake is a water-filled doline in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east in the locality of Mount Schank about south of the municipal seat of Mount Gambier.

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Los Tres Ojos

Los Tres Ojos (The Three Eyes in English) is the name given to a 50-yard open-air limestone cave located in the Mirador del Este park, in the Santo Domingo Este municipality of the Dominican Republic.

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Mastodon

Mastodons (Greek: μαστός "breast" and ὀδούς, "tooth") are any species of extinct proboscideans in the genus Mammut (family Mammutidae), distantly related to elephants, that inhabited North and Central America during the late Miocene or late Pliocene up to their extinction at the end of the Pleistocene 10,000 to 11,000 years ago.

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Maya civilization

The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.

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Meteoric water

Meteoric water is the water derived from precipitation (snow and rain).

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Montezuma Well

Montezuma Well (ʼHakthkyayva), a detached unit of Montezuma Castle National Monument, is a natural limestone sinkhole near the town of Rimrock, Arizona, through which some of water emerge each day from an underground spring.

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Mount Gambier, South Australia

Mount Gambier is the second most populated city in South Australia with an estimated urban population of 28,684.

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Mount Schank

Mount Schank is a high volcanic cone in the southeast corner of South Australia, near Mount Gambier.

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National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Paleogene

The Paleogene (also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya.

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Paleozoic

The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era (from the Greek palaios (παλαιός), "old" and zoe (ζωή), "life", meaning "ancient life") is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.

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Pit cave

A pit cave, shaft cave or vertical cave—or often simply called a pit (in the US) or pot (in the UK)—is a type of natural cave which contains one or more significant vertical shafts rather than being predominantly a conventional horizontal cave passage.

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Playa del Carmen

Playa del Carmen is a city located along the Caribbean Sea in the municipality of Solidaridad, in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico.

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Pond

A pond is a body of standing water, either natural or artificial, that is usually smaller than a lake.

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Port Alice

Port Alice is a village of approximately 805 (2011 census) located off on Neroutsos Inlet, northwest of Port McNeill, on Vancouver Island, originally built by Whalen Pulp and Paper Mills of Vancouver.

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Quintana Roo

Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo (Estado Libre y Soberano de Quintana Roo), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

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Quintana Roo Speleological Survey

The Quintana Roo Speleological Survey (QRSS) was established in 1990 for the safe exploration, survey and cartography of the underwater and dry caves and cenotes of Quintana Roo, Mexico, supported by the National Speleological Society.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Refraction

Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.

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Roswell, New Mexico

Roswell is a city in New Mexico.

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Sacred Cenote

The Sacred Cenote (cenote sagrado,, "sacred well"; alternatively known as the "Well of Sacrifice") refers to a noted cenote at the pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site of Chichen Itza, in the northern Yucatán Peninsula.

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Sacrifice in Maya culture

Sacrifice was a religious activity in Maya culture, involving either the killing of animals or the bloodletting by members of the community, in rituals superintended by priests.

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Saline water

Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl).

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Saltwater intrusion

Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences.

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Settlement of the Americas

Paleolithic hunter-gatherers first entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum.

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Sinkhole

A sinkhole, also known as a cenote, sink, sink-hole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline (the different terms for sinkholes are often used interchangeably), is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.

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Sistema Dos Ojos

Dos Ojos (from Spanish meaning "Two Eyes"; officially Sistema Dos Ojos) is part of a flooded cave system located north of Tulum, on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico.

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Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich

Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich (from Spanish and Yucatec Maya meaning "Giant Birdcage System"), is located south of Akumal in Tulum Municipality of Quintana Roo state, southeastern Mexico.

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Sistema Ox Bel Ha

Sistema Ox Bel Ha (from Mayan meaning "Three Paths of Water"; short Ox Bel Ha) is a cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico.

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Sistema Sac Actun

Sistema Sac Actun (from Spanish and Yucatec Maya meaning "White Cave System") is an underwater cave system situated along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula with passages to the north and west of the village of Tulum.

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Skull

The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.

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South Australia

South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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Stanford University Press

The Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Tamaulipas

Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Tulum Municipality

Tulum is one of the eleven municipalities that make up the Mexican state of Quintana Roo.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage

The Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage is a treaty that was adopted on 2 November 2001 by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

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Valladolid, Yucatán

Valladolid (Saki' in Maya) (Spanish) is a city located in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Yucatán.

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Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island is in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, just off the coast of Canada.

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Verde Valley

The Verde Valley (Matkʼamvaha) is a valley in central Arizona in the United States.

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Water table

The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation.

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Yucatán

Yucatán, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán (Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Yucatán Peninsula

The Yucatán Peninsula (Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel.

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Yucatec Maya language

Yucatec Maya (endonym: Maya; Yukatek Maya in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala), called Màaya t'àan (lit. "Maya speech") by its speakers, is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Belize.

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Zacatón

Zacatón (El Zacatón sinkhole) is a thermal water-filled sinkhole belonging to the Zacatón system - a group of unusual karst features located in Aldama Municipality near the Sierra de Tamaulipas in the northeastern state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

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Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenote

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