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101 relations: Abdominal distension, Abdominal pain, Abscess, Acute pancreatitis, Adenomyomatosis, Adhesion (medicine), Amoebic liver abscess, Ampicillin/sulbactam, Anaerobic organism, Angina, Antibiotic, Appendicitis, Ascending cholangitis, Asepsis, Aztreonam, Bacteroides, Bile, Biliary colic, Bilirubin, Boas' sign, Bowel obstruction, Burn, C-reactive protein, Ceftriaxone, Chemotherapy, Cholecystectomy, Cholecystostomy, Cholescintigraphy, Ciprofloxacin, Cirrhosis, Clavulanic acid, Clostridium, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Common bile duct stone, Complete blood count, Constipation, Coronary artery disease, CT scan, Cystic duct, Cystohepatic triangle, Diabetes mellitus, Duodenum, Empyema, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Enterobacteriaceae, Epigastrium, Escherichia coli, Ethnic group, Fever, Fistula, ..., Gallbladder, Gallstone, Gallstone ileus, Gangrene, Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal tract, General surgery, Greek language, Hepatitis, Hiatal hernia, Homeopathy, Ileocecal valve, Inflammation, Inspissation, Interventional radiology, Ischemia, Jaundice, Klebsiella, Leukocytosis, Liver abscess, Major trauma, Medical ultrasound, Metronidazole, Murphy's sign, Native Americans in the United States, Necrosis, Obesity, Opioid, Pancreatitis, Peptic ulcer disease, Percutaneous, Perforated ulcer, Perforation, Peritonitis, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Pneumonia, Pregnancy, Pus, Quadrant (abdomen), Quinolone antibiotic, Referred pain, Renal colic, Shock (circulatory), Sonographic Murphy sign, Streptococcus, Ticarcillin, Transaminase, Vasculitis, Vomiting, Weight loss, Xanthogranulomatous inflammation. Expand index (51 more) »
Abdominal distension
Abdominal distension occurs when substances, such as air (gas) or fluid, accumulate in the abdomen causing its outward expansion beyond the normal girth of the stomach and waist.
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Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.
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Abscess
An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.
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Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).
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Adenomyomatosis
Adenomyomatosis is a benign condition characterized by hyperplastic changes of unknown cause involving the wall of the gallbladder.
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Adhesion (medicine)
Adhesions are fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery.
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Amoebic liver abscess
A amoebic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by amebiasis.
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Ampicillin/sulbactam
Ampicillin/sulbactam is a combination of the common penicillin-derived antibiotic ampicillin and sulbactam, an inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase.
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Anaerobic organism
An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.
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Angina
Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain or pressure, usually due to not enough blood flow to the heart muscle.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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Appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix.
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Ascending cholangitis
Ascending cholangitis, also known as acute cholangitis or simply cholangitis, is an infection of the bile duct (cholangitis), usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).
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Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).
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Aztreonam
Aztreonam, sold under the brand name Azactam among others, is an antibiotic used primarily to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Bacteroides
Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria.
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Bile
Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
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Biliary colic
Biliary colic, also known as a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when pain occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the bile duct.
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Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.
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Boas' sign
Boas' or Boas's sign is hyperaesthesia (increased or altered sensitivity) below the right scapula can be a symptom in acute cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder).
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Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion.
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Burn
A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation.
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C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped), pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose levels rise in response to inflammation.
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Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone, sold under the trade name Rocephin, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
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Cholecystostomy
A cholecystostomy or cholecystotomy is a procedure where a stoma is created in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube for drainage, first performed by American surgeon, Dr.
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Cholescintigraphy
Cholescintigraphy or hepatobiliary scintigraphy is scintigraphy of the hepatobiliary tract, including the gallbladder and bile ducts.
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Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
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Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.
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Clavulanic acid
Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam drug that functions as a mechanism-based β-lactamase inhibitor.
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Clostridium
Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agent of botulism and an important cause of diarrhea, Clostridium difficile.
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Combined oral contraceptive pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women.
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Common bile duct stone
Common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (thus choledocho- + lithiasis).
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Complete blood count
A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals.
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Constipation
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.
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Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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CT scan
A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.
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Cystic duct
The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct.
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Cystohepatic triangle
The hepatobiliary triangle (or cystohepatic triangle) is an anatomic space bordered by the cystic duct inferiorly, common hepatic duct medially and the inferior (visceral) surface of the liver superiorly.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
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Empyema
An empyema (from Greek ἐμπύημα, "abscess") is a collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity.
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems.
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Enterobacteriaceae
The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Epigastrium
In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Fistula
A fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs.
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Gallbladder
In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine.
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Gallstone
A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components. The term cholelithiasis may refer to the presence of gallstones or to the diseases caused by gallstones. Most people with gallstones (about 80%) never have symptoms. When a gallstone blocks the bile duct, a crampy pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, known as biliary colic (gallbladder attack) can result. This happens in 1–4% of those with gallstones each year. Complications of gallstones may include inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), jaundice, and infection of a bile duct (cholangitis). Symptoms of these complications may include pain of more than five hours duration, fever, yellowish skin, vomiting, dark urine, and pale stools. Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss. The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. Gallstones formed mainly from cholesterol are termed cholesterol stones, and those mainly from bilirubin are termed pigment stones. Gallstones may be suspected based on symptoms. Diagnosis is then typically confirmed by ultrasound. Complications may be detected on blood tests. The risk of gallstones may be decreased by maintaining a healthy weight through sufficient exercise and eating a healthy diet. If there are no symptoms, treatment is usually not needed. In those who are having gallbladder attacks, surgery to remove the gallbladder is typically recommended. This can be carried out either through several small incisions or through a single larger incision, usually under general anesthesia. In rare cases when surgery is not possible medication may be used to try to dissolve the stones or lithotripsy to break down the stones. In developed countries, 10–15% of adults have gallstones. Rates in many parts of Africa, however, are as low as 3%. Gallbladder and biliary related diseases occurred in about 104 million people (1.6%) in 2013 and they resulted in 106,000 deaths. Women more commonly have stones than men and they occur more commonly after the age of 40. Certain ethnic groups have gallstones more often than others. For example, 48% of Native Americans have gallstones. Once the gallbladder is removed, outcomes are generally good.
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Gallstone ileus
First described by Bartolin in 1654, gallstone ileus is a rare form of small bowel obstruction caused by an impaction of a gallstone within the lumen (small opening) of the small intestine.
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Gangrene
Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.
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Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology (MeSH heading) is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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General surgery
General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal contents including esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, appendix and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland (depending on local referral patterns).
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.
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Hiatal hernia
A hiatal hernia is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest.
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Homeopathy
Homeopathy or homœopathy is a system of alternative medicine developed in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann, based on his doctrine of like cures like (similia similibus curentur), a claim that a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people would cure similar symptoms in sick people.
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Ileocecal valve
The ileocecal valve (ileal papilla, ileocaecal valve, Tulp's valve, Tulpius valve, Bauhin's valve, ileocecal eminence, valve of Varolius or colic valve) is a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Inspissation
Inspissation is the process of thickening by dehydration.
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Interventional radiology
Interventional radiology (IR), sometimes known as vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), is a medical specialty which provides minimally invasive image-guided diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Ischemia
Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).
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Jaundice
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels.
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Klebsiella
Klebsiella is a genus of nonmotile, Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule.
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Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis is white cells (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood.
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Liver abscess
A liver abscess is a pus-filled mass inside the liver.
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Major trauma
Major trauma is any injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death.
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Medical ultrasound
Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.
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Metronidazole
Metronidazole, marketed under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.
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Murphy's sign
In medicine, Murphy sign refers to a maneuver during a physical examination as part of the abdominal examination and a finding elicited in ultrasonography.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Necrosis
Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Opioid
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.
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Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.
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Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.
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Percutaneous
In surgery, a percutaneous procedure is any medical procedure or method where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin, rather than by using an "open" approach where inner organs or tissue are exposed (typically with the use of a scalpel).
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Perforated ulcer
A perforated ulcer is a condition in which an untreated ulcer can burn through the wall of the stomach (or other areas of the gastrointestinal tract), allowing digestive juices and food to leak into the abdominal cavity.
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Perforation
A perforation is a small hole in a thin material or web.
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Peritonitis
Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs.
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Piperacillin/tazobactam
Piperacillin/tazobactam, sold under the brand name Tazocin among others, is a combination medication containing the antibiotic piperacillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam.
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pus
Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infection.
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Quadrant (abdomen)
The human abdomen is divided into regions by anatomists and physicians for purposes of study, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Quinolone antibiotic
A quinolone antibiotic is any member of a large group of broad-spectrum bactericides that share a bicyclic core structure related to the compound 4-quinolone.
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Referred pain
Referred pain, also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus.
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Renal colic
Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by kidney stones.
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Shock (circulatory)
Shock is the state of low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.
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Sonographic Murphy sign
A Sonographic Murphy sign refers to a finding when performing diagnostic medical sonography.
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Streptococcus
Streptococcus (term coined by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) from strepto- "twisted" + Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos meaning "berry") is a genus of coccus (spherical) Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria).
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Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin.
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Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid.
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Vasculitis
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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Weight loss
Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue.
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Xanthogranulomatous inflammation
The Xanthogranulomatous Process (XP), also known as Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation is a form of acute and chronic inflammation characterized by an exuberant clustering of foamy macrophages among other inflammatory cells.
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Acalculous cholecystitis, Acute calculous cholecystitis, Acute cholecystitis, Chronic cholecystitis, Gall bladder attack, Gallbladder rupture.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystitis
