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551 relations: A priori and a posteriori, A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism, A Scientific Support for Darwinism, Abiogenesis, Acceptance of evolution by religious groups, Adam, Adaptive radiation, Adnan Oktar, Age of the Earth, Age of the universe, Agnosticism, Alan Hayward, Albert Einstein, Alexander Bell Patterson, Alfred A. Knopf, All Things Considered, Allegorical interpretations of Genesis, Ambulocetus, American Anthropological Association, American Anthropologist, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Civil Liberties Union, American Genetic Association, American Humanist Association, American Institute of Biological Sciences, American Scientific Affiliation, American Theocracy, Ancestor, Annual Review of Anthropology, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Annual Reviews (publisher), Answers in Genesis, Anthropology, Anti-intellectualism, Appeal to consequences, Argon–argon dating, Aristotle, Arkansas, Arnold Henry Guyot, Ars Technica, Asa Gray, Associated Press, Astronomer, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atheism, Atlantic Media, Augustinians, Australian Skeptics, B. B. Warfield, Baker Publishing Group, ..., Baptists, Basic Books, BBC, BBC News, Bertrand Russell, Bias, Bible Belt, Biblical criticism, Biblical inerrancy, Biblical literalism, Big Bang, Bill Moyers, Bill Nye, Bill Nye the Science Guy, Bill Nye–Ken Ham debate, Biochemistry, Biogenesis, Biogeography, Biological Society of Washington, Biologist, Biology, Biology and Philosophy, Bishop v. Aronov, Blaise Pascal, Book of Genesis, Bruce Chapman, Butler Act, C. S. Lewis, Cambridge University Press, Canidae, Cantwell v. Connecticut, Carbon-14, Carswell (publisher), Catastrophism, Catholic Church, Catholic Church and evolution, Center for Inquiry, Center for Science and Culture, Charles Hodge, Charles Kingsley, Charles Lyell, Charles Scribner I, Chimpanzee, Christendom, Christian apologetics, Christian fundamentalism, Christian right, Church of England, Civic Biology, Civil rights movement, Cladistics, Clergy, Clergy Letter Project, Coding region, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Columbia University Press, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, Common descent, Comparative anatomy, Comparative physiology, Conflict thesis, Constitution of Tennessee, Copernican principle, Cosmology, Council of Europe, Created kind, Creation and evolution in public education, Creation myth, Creation Research Society, Creation science, Creation Science Movement, Creationism, Creationist cosmologies, Crocodile, Culture war, Cut, copy, and paste, D. Appleton & Company, D. 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A priori and a posteriori
The Latin phrases a priori ("from the earlier") and a posteriori ("from the latter") are philosophical terms of art popularized by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (first published in 1781, second edition in 1787), one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.
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A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism
"A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism" (or "Dissent from Darwinism") was a statement issued in 2001 by the Discovery Institute, a conservative Christian think tank based in Seattle, Washington, U.S., best known for its promotion of the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design.
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A Scientific Support for Darwinism
A Scientific Support for Darwinism (And For Public Schools Not To Teach "Intelligent Design" As Science) was a four-day, word-of-mouth petition of scientists in support of evolution.
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Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis, or informally the origin of life,Compare: Also occasionally called biopoiesis.
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Acceptance of evolution by religious groups
Although biological evolution has been vocally opposed by some religious groups, many other groups accept the scientific position, sometimes with additions to allow for theological considerations.
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Adam
Adam (ʾĀdam; Adám) is the name used in the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis for the first man created by God, but it is also used in a collective sense as "mankind" and individually as "a human".
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Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
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Adnan Oktar
Adnan Oktar (born 2 February 1956), also known as Harun Yahya, is a Turkish author as well as an Islamic creationist.
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Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years This age may represent the age of the Earth’s accretion, of core formation, or of the material from which the Earth formed.
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Age of the universe
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.
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Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.
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Alan Hayward
Alan Hayward (1923–2008) was a British engineer and physicist who was also active as an old-earth Creationist writer, and Christadelphian.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).
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Alexander Bell Patterson
Alexander Bell (A.B.) Patterson (April 22, 1911 – April 2, 1993) was a long time Canadian Member of Parliament (MP) and was briefly leader of the Social Credit Party of Canada.
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Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is a New York publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. and Blanche Knopf in 1915.
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All Things Considered
All Things Considered (ATC) is the flagship news program on the American network National Public Radio (NPR).
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Allegorical interpretations of Genesis
Allegorical interpretations of Genesis are readings of the biblical Book of Genesis that treat elements of the narrative as symbols or types, rather than viewing them literally as historical events.
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Ambulocetus
Ambulocetus (meaning "walking whale") was an early cetacean with short limbs and large feet used for swimming.
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American Anthropological Association
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology.
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American Anthropologist
American Anthropologist is the flagship journal of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), published quarterly by Wiley.
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.
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American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonprofit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." Officially nonpartisan, the organization has been supported and criticized by liberal and conservative organizations alike.
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American Genetic Association
The American Genetic Association (AGA), formerly the American Breeders' Association, is a USA-based learned society dedicated to the study of genetics.
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American Humanist Association
The American Humanist Association (AHA) is an educational organization in the United States that advances secular humanism, a philosophy of life that, without theism or other supernatural beliefs, affirms the ability and responsibility of human beings to lead personal lives of ethical fulfillment that aspire to the greater good of humanity.
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American Institute of Biological Sciences
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is a non-profit scientific association that is dedicated to advancing biological research and education.
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American Scientific Affiliation
The American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) is a Christian religious organization of scientists and people in science-related disciplines.
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American Theocracy
American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century is a 2005 political commentary book by American political writer Kevin Phillips.
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Ancestor
An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent, and so forth).
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Annual Review of Anthropology
The Annual Review of Anthropology is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1972.
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Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, which broadly covers Earth and planetary sciences, including geology, atmospheric sciences, climate, geophysics, environmental science, geological hazards, geodynamics, planet formation, and solar system origins.
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Annual Reviews (publisher)
Annual Reviews, located in Palo Alto California, Annual Reviews is a nonprofit publisher dedicated to synthesizing and integrating knowledge for the progress of science and the benefit of society.
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Answers in Genesis
Answers in Genesis (AiG) is a fundamentalist Christian apologetics parachurch organization.
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Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.
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Anti-intellectualism
Anti-intellectualism is hostility to and mistrust of intellect, intellectuals, and intellectualism commonly expressed as deprecation of education and philosophy, and the dismissal of art, literature, and science as impractical and even contemptible human pursuits.
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Appeal to consequences
Appeal to consequences, also known as argumentum ad consequentiam (Latin for "argument to the consequences"), is an argument that concludes a hypothesis (typically a belief) to be either true or false based on whether the premise leads to desirable or undesirable consequences.
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Argon–argon dating
Argon–argon (or 40Ar/39Ar) dating is a radiometric dating method invented to supersede potassium-argon (K/Ar) dating in accuracy.
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Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Arkansas
Arkansas is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017.
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Arnold Henry Guyot
Arnold Henry Guyot (September 28, 1807February 8, 1884) was a Swiss-American geologist and geographer.
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Ars Technica
Ars Technica (a Latin-derived term that the site translates as the "art of technology") is a website covering news and opinions in technology, science, politics, and society, created by Ken Fisher and Jon Stokes in 1998.
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Asa Gray
Asa Gray (November 18, 1810 – January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.
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Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Atlantic Media
Atlantic Media is an American print and online media company owned by David G. Bradley and based in the Watergate in Washington, D.C. The company publishes several prominent news magazines and digital publications including The Atlantic, Quartz, Government Executive, Defense One and those belonging to its National Journal Group subsidiary: National Journal, The Hotline, National Journal Daily (previously known as Congress Daily), and Technology Daily.
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Augustinians
The term Augustinians, named after Augustine of Hippo (354–430), applies to two distinct types of Catholic religious orders, dating back to the first millennium but formally created in the 13th century, and some Anglican religious orders, created in the 19th century, though technically there is no "Order of St.
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Australian Skeptics
Australian Skeptics is a loose confederation of like-minded organisations across Australia that began in 1980.
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B. B. Warfield
Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield (November 5, 1851 – February 16, 1921) was professor of theology at Princeton Seminary from 1887 to 1921.
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Baker Publishing Group
Baker Publishing Group is a Christian book publisher based in Ada, Michigan.
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Baptists
Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).
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Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1952 and located in New York, now an imprint of Hachette Books.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
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Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.
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Bias
Bias is disproportionate weight in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
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Bible Belt
The Bible Belt is an informal region in the Southern United States in which socially conservative evangelical Protestantism plays a strong role in society and politics, and Christian church attendance across the denominations is generally higher than the nation's average.
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Biblical criticism
Biblical criticism is a philosophical and methodological approach to studying the Bible, using neutral non-sectarian judgment, that grew out of the scientific thinking of the Age of Reason (1700–1789).
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Biblical inerrancy
Biblical inerrancy, as formulated in the "Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy", is the doctrine that the Protestant Bible "is without error or fault in all its teaching"; or, at least, that "Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact".
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Biblical literalism
Biblical literalism or biblicism is a term used differently by different authors concerning biblical interpretation.
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Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.
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Bill Moyers
Billy Don Moyers (born June 5, 1934) is an American journalist and political commentator.
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Bill Nye
William Sanford Nye (born November 27, 1955), popularly known as Bill Nye the Science Guy, is an American science communicator, television presenter, and mechanical engineer.
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Bill Nye the Science Guy
Bill Nye the Science Guy is an American half-hour live action science program that originally aired on PBS from September 10, 1993 to June 20, 1998 and was also syndicated by Walt Disney Television to local stations.
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Bill Nye–Ken Ham debate
The debate between Bill Nye and Ken Ham on the question "Is Creation A Viable Model of Origins?" was held February 4, 2014, at the Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky.
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
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Biogenesis
Biogenesis is the production of new living organisms or organelles.
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Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
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Biological Society of Washington
The Biological Society of Washington is a worldwide acting scientific organisation established on 3 December 1880 in Washington, D.C., United States.
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Biologist
A biologist, is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, the scientific study of life.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Biology and Philosophy
Biology and Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles about philosophy of biology, broadly understood to span conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues in the biological sciences.
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Bishop v. Aronov
Bishop v. Aronov, 926 F.2d 1066 (11th Cir. 1991), was a 1991 legal case in which Phillip A. Bishop, an exercise physiology professor at the University of Alabama, sued the college on free speech and academic freedom grounds, when it instructed him not to teach "intelligent design theory" in an extracurricular class and not to lecture on "evidences of God in Human Physiology" in class.
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Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian.
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Book of Genesis
The Book of Genesis (from the Latin Vulgate, in turn borrowed or transliterated from Greek "", meaning "Origin"; בְּרֵאשִׁית, "Bərēšīṯ", "In beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) and the Old Testament.
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Bruce Chapman
Bruce Kerry Chapman (born December 1, 1940) is the director and founder of the Discovery Institute, an American conservative think tank often associated with the religious right.
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Butler Act
The Butler Act was a 1925 Tennessee law prohibiting public school teachers from denying the Biblical account of mankind's origin.
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C. S. Lewis
Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) was a British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, broadcaster, lecturer, and Christian apologist.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Canidae
The biological family Canidae (from Latin, canis, “dog”) is a lineage of carnivorans that includes domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals, dingoes, and many other extant and extinct dog-like mammals.
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Cantwell v. Connecticut
Cantwell v. Connecticut,, is a decision by United States Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment's federal protection of religious free exercise incorporates via the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applies to state governments too.
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Carbon-14
Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
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Carswell (publisher)
Carswell is a Canadian source of information services to legal, tax & accounting, and human resource professionals.
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Catastrophism
Catastrophism was the theory that the Earth had largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic Church and evolution
Early contributions to biology were made by Catholic scientists such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and the Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel.
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Center for Inquiry
The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is a nonprofit educational organization.
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Center for Science and Culture
The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as the Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute (DI), a conservative Christian think tank in the United States.
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Charles Hodge
Charles Hodge (December 27, 1797 – June 19, 1878) was a Presbyterian theologian and principal of Princeton Theological Seminary between 1851 and 1878.
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Charles Kingsley
Charles Kingsley (12 June 1819 – 23 January 1875) was a broad church priest of the Church of England, a university professor, social reformer, historian and novelist.
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Charles Lyell
Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who popularised the revolutionary work of James Hutton.
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Charles Scribner I
Charles Scribner I (February 21, 1821 – August 26, 1871) was a New Yorker who, with Isaac D. Baker (1819–1850), founded a publishing company that would eventually become Charles Scribner's Sons.
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Chimpanzee
The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
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Christendom
Christendom has several meanings.
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Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (ἀπολογία, "verbal defence, speech in defence") is a branch of Christian theology that attempts to defend Christianity against objections.
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Christian fundamentalism
Christian fundamentalism began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries among British and American Protestants at merriam-webster.com.
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Christian right
Christian right or religious right is a term used mainly in the United States to label conservative Christian political factions that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies.
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Church of England
The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.
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Civic Biology
A Civic Biology: Presented in Problems (usually referred to as just Civic Biology) was a biology textbook written by George William Hunter, published in 1914.
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Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.
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Cladistics
Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.
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Clergy
Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.
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Clergy Letter Project
The Clergy Letter Project is a project that maintains statements in support of the teaching of evolution and collects signatures in support of letters from American Christian, Jewish, Unitarian Universalist, and Buddhist clergy.
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Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the CDS (from CoDing Sequence), is that portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for protein.
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press was founded in 1933 to aid in Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's purpose of furthering the advance and spread of scientific knowledge.
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
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Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), formerly known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), is a program within the transnational American non-profit educational organization Center for Inquiry (CFI), which seeks to "promote scientific inquiry, critical investigation, and the use of reason in examining controversial and extraordinary claims." Paul Kurtz proposed the establishment of CSICOP in 1976 as an independent non-profit organization (before merging with CFI as one of its programs in 2015), to counter what he regarded as an uncritical acceptance of, and support for, paranormal claims by both the media and society in general.
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Common descent
Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor.
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Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
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Comparative physiology
Comparative physiology is a subdiscipline of physiology that studies and exploits the diversity of functional characteristics of various kinds of organisms.
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Conflict thesis
The "conflict thesis" is a historiographical approach in the history of science which maintains that there is an intrinsic intellectual conflict between religion and science and that the relationship between religion and science inevitably leads to hostility; examples to support this thesis have commonly been drawn from the relations between science and religion in Western Europe.
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Constitution of Tennessee
The Constitution of the State of Tennessee defines the form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules (and means for changing them) of the U.S. State of Tennessee.
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Copernican principle
In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle, is an alternative name of the mediocrity principle, or the principle of relativity, stating that humans (the Earth, or the Solar system) are not privileged observers of the universe.
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Cosmology
Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.
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Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
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Created kind
In Christian and Jewish creationism, a religious view based on the creation account of the book of Genesis, created kinds are purported to be the original forms of life as they were created by God.
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Creation and evolution in public education
The status of creation and evolution in public education has been the subject of substantial debate and conflict in legal, political, and religious circles.
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Creation myth
A creation myth (or cosmogonic myth) is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it.
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Creation Research Society
The Creation Research Society (CRS) is a Christian research group that engages in creation science.
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Creation science
Creation science or scientific creationism is a branch of creationism that claims to provide scientific support for the Genesis creation narrative in the Book of Genesis and disprove or reexplain the scientific facts, theories and paradigms about geology, cosmology, biological evolution, archeology, history, and linguistics.
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Creation Science Movement
The Creation Science Movement (CSM, founded in 1932 as the Evolution Protest Movement) is a British Creationist organisation which lays claim to the title "the oldest creationist movement in the world".
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Creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation",Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'" as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.
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Creationist cosmologies
Creationist cosmologies are explanations of the origins and form of the universe in terms of the Genesis creation narrative (Genesis 1), according to which God created the cosmos in eight creative acts over the Hexameron, six days of the "creation week".
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Crocodile
Crocodiles (subfamily Crocodylinae) or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.
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Culture war
The culture war or culture conflict adopts different meanings depending on the time and place where it is used (as it relates to conflicts relevant to a specific area and era).
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Cut, copy, and paste
In human–computer interaction, cut, copy and paste are related commands that offer a user-interface interprocess communication technique for transferring data.
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D. Appleton & Company
D.
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D. James Kennedy
Dennis James Kennedy (November 3, 1930 – September 5, 2007) was an American pastor, evangelist, Christian broadcaster, and author.
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Darwiniana
Darwiniana is a collection of essays by botanist Asa Gray.
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Darwinism
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
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Day-age creationism
Day-age creationism, a type of old Earth creationism, is an interpretation of the creation accounts in Genesis.
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Deism
Deism (or; derived from Latin "deus" meaning "god") is a philosophical belief that posits that God exists and is ultimately responsible for the creation of the universe, but does not interfere directly with the created world.
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Demiurge
In the Platonic, Neopythagorean, Middle Platonic, and Neoplatonic schools of philosophy, the demiurge is an artisan-like figure responsible for fashioning and maintaining the physical universe.
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Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).
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Dialectica
Dialectica is a quarterly philosophy journal published by Blackwell.
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.
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Discover (magazine)
Discover is an American general audience science magazine launched in October 1980 by Time Inc.
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Discovery Institute
The Discovery Institute (DI) is a politically conservative non-profit think tank based in Seattle, Washington, that advocates the pseudoscientific principle Article available from of intelligent design (ID).
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Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns
The Discovery Institute has conducted a series of related public relations campaigns which seek to promote intelligent design while attempting to discredit evolutionary biology, which the Institute terms "Darwinism." The Discovery Institute is the driving force behind the pseudoscientific intelligent design movement and the Institute directs the campaigns through its Center for Science and Culture division with guidance from its public relations firm, Creative Response Concepts.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.
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Dogma
The term dogma is used in pejorative and non-pejorative senses.
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Don McLeroy
John Donald "Don" McLeroy (born June 3, 1946) is a dentist in Bryan, Texas, and a Republican former member of the Texas State Board of Education (SBOE).
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Douglas Dewar
Douglas Dewar (1875–1957) was a barrister, British civil servant in India, and ornithologist who wrote several books about Indian birds.
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Duane Gish
Duane Tolbert Gish (February 17, 1921 – March 5, 2013) was an American biochemist and a prominent member of the creationist movement.
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Economist Group
The Economist Newspaper Limited, trading as The Economist Group, is a British multinational media company headquartered in London and best known as publisher of The Economist.
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Editorial
An editorial, leading article (US) or leader (UK), is an article written by the senior editorial staff or publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or any other written document, often unsigned.
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EDP Sciences
EDP Sciences, Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences, is an STM publisher that works closely with the scientific world.
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Edward Aveling
Edward Bibbins Aveling (29 November 1849 – 2 August 1898) was a prominent English biology instructor and popular spokesman for Darwinian evolution, atheism, and socialism.
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Edward Hitchcock
Edward Hitchcock (May 24, 1793 – February 27, 1864) was an American geologist and the third President of Amherst College (1845–1854).
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Edward Humes
Edward Humes is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and non-fiction writer.
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Edward J. Larson
Edward John Larson (born September 21, 1953 in Mansfield, Ohio) is an American historian and legal scholar.
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Edwards v. Aguillard
Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987) was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of teaching creationism.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Eleazar Lord
Eleazar Lord (September 9, 1788 – June 3, 1871) was an American author, educator, deacon of the First Protestant Dutch Church and first president of the Erie Railroad.
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Enoch Fitch Burr
Enoch Fitch Burr (October 21, 1818 – May 8, 1907) was a theologian and astronomer who lectured extensively on the relationship between science and religion.
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Essays and Reviews
Essays and Reviews, edited by John William Parker, published in March 1860, is a broad-church volume of seven essays on Christianity.
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Establishment Clause
In United States law, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion.
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Eugenics
Eugenics (from Greek εὐγενής eugenes 'well-born' from εὖ eu, 'good, well' and γένος genos, 'race, stock, kin') is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of a human population.
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Eugenie Scott
Eugenie Carol Scott (born October 24, 1945) is an American physical anthropologist, a former university professor and educator who has been active in opposing the teaching of young earth creationism and intelligent design in schools.
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European Southern Observatory
The European Southern Observatory (ESO) is a 15-nation intergovernmental research organization for ground-based astronomy.
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Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, evangelical Christianity, or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, crossdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement.
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Evangelism
In Christianity, Evangelism is the commitment to or act of publicly preaching of the Gospel with the intention of spreading the message and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Everson v. Board of Education
Everson v. Board of Education, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which applied the Establishment Clause in the country's Bill of Rights to State law.
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Evidence (law)
The law of evidence, also known as the rules of evidence, encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding.
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Evidence of common descent
Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Evolution (TV series)
Evolution is a 2001 documentary series by the American broadcaster Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and WGBH on evolutionary biology, from the producers of NOVA.
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Evolution of cetaceans
The evolutionary history of cetaceans is thought to have occurred in the Indian subcontinent from even-toed ungulates 50 million years ago, over a period of at least 15 million years.
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Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor.
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Evolutionary origin of religions
The emergence of religious behavior by the Neolithic period has been discussed in terms of evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion, as well as evidence for spirituality or cultic behavior in the Upper Paleolithic, and similarities in great ape behavior.
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Evolutionism
Evolutionism describes the belief in the evolution of organisms.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Faith
In the context of religion, one can define faith as confidence or trust in a particular system of religious belief, within which faith may equate to confidence based on some perceived degree of warrant, in contrast to the general sense of faith being a belief without evidence.
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Fallacy
A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument.
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Falsifiability
A statement, hypothesis, or theory has falsifiability (or is falsifiable) if it can logically be proven false by contradicting it with a basic statement.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances.
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Flood geology
Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is the attempt to interpret and reconcile geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the global flood described in Genesis 6–8.
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Flood myth
A flood myth or deluge myth is a narrative in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.
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Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights that prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.
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Framework interpretation (Genesis)
The framework interpretation (also known as the literary framework view, framework theory, or framework hypothesis) is a description of the structure of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis (more precisely Genesis 1:1–2:4a), the Genesis creation narrative.
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Francisco J. Ayala
Francisco José Ayala Pereda (born March 12, 1934) is a Spanish-American evolutionary biologist and philosopher who was a longtime faculty member at the University of California, Irvine.
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Free Exercise Clause
The Free Exercise Clause accompanies the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.
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Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy
The Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy was a major schism that originated in the 1920s and '30s within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564Drake (1978, p. 1). The date of Galileo's birth is given according to the Julian calendar, which was then in force throughout Christendom. In 1582 it was replaced in Italy and several other Catholic countries with the Gregorian calendar. Unless otherwise indicated, dates in this article are given according to the Gregorian calendar. – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath.
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Gallup (company)
Gallup, Inc. is an American research-based, global performance-management consulting company.
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Gannett Company
Gannett Company, Inc. is a publicly traded American media holding company headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia, near McLean in Greater Washington DC.
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Gap creationism
Gap creationism (also known as ruin-restoration creationism, restoration creationism, or "The Gap Theory") is a form of old Earth creationism that posits that the six-yom creation period, as described in the Book of Genesis, involved six literal 24-hour days (light being "day" and dark "night" as God specified), but that there was a gap of time between two distinct creations in the first and the second verses of Genesis, which the theory states explains many scientific observations, including the age of the Earth.
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Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, Gan ʿEḏen) or (often) Paradise, is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel.
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Genealogies of Genesis
The genealogies of Genesis provide the framework around which the Book of Genesis is structured.
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Genesis creation narrative
The Genesis creation narrative is the creation myth of both Judaism and Christianity.
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Genesis flood narrative
The Genesis flood narrative is a flood myth found in the Hebrew Bible (chapters 6–9 in the Book of Genesis).
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Genetic distance
Genetic distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species, whether the distance measures time from common ancestor or degree of differentiation.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Genetics and the Origin of Species
Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky.
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Genome Research
Genome Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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Geochronology
Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves.
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Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.
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Geological Society of America
The Geological Society of America (GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences.
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Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes that shape it.
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Geology
Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
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George Gilder
George Franklin Gilder (born November 29, 1939) is an American investor, writer, economist, techno-utopian advocate, and co-founder of the Discovery Institute.
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George Mason University
George Mason University (GMU, Mason, or George Mason) is a public research university in Fairfax County, Virginia.
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George McCready Price
George McCready Price (26 August 1870 – 24 January 1963) was a Canadian creationist.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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George William Hunter
George William Hunter (born circa 1874 - died February 4, 1948) was an American writer.
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Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Gibbon
Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae.
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God
In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.
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Gorilla
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Gradualism
Gradualism, from the Latin gradus ("step"), is a hypothesis, a theory or a tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps.
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Great chain of being
The Great Chain of Being is a strict hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought in medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God.
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Greenwood Publishing Group
ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.
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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel (Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia.
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Griphopithecus
Griphopithecus is a prehistoric ape from the Miocene of Turkey and Central Europe.
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Guardian Media Group
Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) is a British mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer.
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H. L. Mencken
Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English.
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HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies and is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Hachette, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, and Simon & Schuster.
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Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
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Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book publishing company based in New York City.
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Henry M. Morris
Henry Madison Morris (October 6, 1918 – February 25, 2006) was an American young Earth creationist, Christian apologist, and engineer.
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Herald Sun
The Herald Sun is a morning newspaper based in Melbourne, Australia published by The Herald and Weekly Times, a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. The Herald Sun primarily serves Victoria and shares many articles with other News Corporation daily newspapers, especially those from Australia. It is also available for purchase in Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and border regions of South Australia and southern New South Wales such as the Riverina and NSW South Coast, and is available digitally through its website and apps. In March 2009, the paper had a daily circulation of 530,000 from Monday to Friday.
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Hindu views on evolution
Hinduism includes a range of viewpoints about the origin of life, creationism and evolution.
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Histology
Histology, also microanatomy, is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals using microscopy.
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Historical criticism
Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism, is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text".
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History of evolutionary thought
Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity – in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science.
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Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group is a privately-held Stuttgart-based company which owns publishing companies worldwide.
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Hominidae
The Hominidae, whose members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo, the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; Gorilla, the eastern and western gorilla; Pan, the common chimpanzee and the bonobo; and Homo, which includes modern humans and its extinct relatives (e.g., the Neanderthal), and ancestors, such as Homo erectus.
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Homo
Homo (Latin homō "human being") is the genus that encompasses the extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans), plus several extinct species classified as either ancestral to or closely related to modern humans (depending on a species), most notably Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.
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Homo erectus
Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.
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Homo habilis
Homo habilis was a species of early humans, who lived between roughly 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago.
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States.
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Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Ian Plimer
Ian Rutherford Plimer (born 12 February 1946) is an Australian geologist, professor emeritus of earth sciences at the University of Melbourne, previously a professor of mining geology at the University of Adelaide, and the director of multiple mineral exploration and mining companies.
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Ijtihad
Ijtihad (اجتهاد, lit. effort, physical or mental, expended in a particular activity) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.
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Immanence
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world.
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Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Incorporation, in United States law, is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states.
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Institute for Creation Research
The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a Creationist apologetics institute in Dallas, Texas that specializes in media promotion of pseudoscientific creation science and interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative as a historical event.
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Intelligent design
Intelligent design (ID) is a religious argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins",Numbers 2006, p. 373; " captured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being.
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Intelligent design movement
The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific Article available from idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it.
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Intelligent designer
An intelligent designer, also referred to as an intelligent agent, is the hypothetical willed and self-aware entity that the intelligent design movement argues had some role in the origin and/or development of life.
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InterAcademy Panel
The InterAcademy Panel: The Global Network of Science Academies (IAP) is a global network consisting of over 106 national science academies.
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International Union of Biological Sciences
The International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) is a non-profit organization and non-governmental organization, founded in 1919, that promotes the biological sciences internationally.
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InterVarsity Press
InterVarsity Press (IVP) was founded in 1947 by InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA as a publisher of evangelical Christian books.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.
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Irreducible complexity
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the idea that certain biological systems cannot evolve by successive small modifications to pre-existing functional systems through natural selection.
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Isaac Asimov
Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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Islamic views on evolution
Islamic views on evolution are diverse, ranging from theistic evolution to Old Earth creationism.
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Isochron dating
Isochron dating is a common technique of radiometric dating and is applied to date certain events, such as crystallization, metamorphism, shock events, and differentiation of precursor melts, in the history of rocks.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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IUniverse
iUniverse, founded in October 1999, is a self-publishing company in Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.Kevin Abourezk, Lincoln Journal Star, January 22, 2008.
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J. B. S. Haldane
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (5 November 18921 December 1964) was an English scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics.
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Jainism and non-creationism
Jainism does not support belief in a creator deity.
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James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics.
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James Dwight Dana
James Dwight Dana FRS FRSE (February 12, 1813 – April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist.
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James Hutton
James Hutton (3 June 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist.
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Java Man
Java Man (Homo erectus erectus; Javanese: Manungsa Jawa; Indonesian: Manusia Jawa) is early human fossils discovered on the island of Java (Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892.
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Jewish views on evolution
Jewish views on evolution includes a continuum of views about the theory of evolution, experimental evolution, the origin of life, age of the universe, evolutionary creationism, and theistic evolution.
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Joh Bjelke-Petersen
Sir Johannes Bjelke-Petersen, (13 January 191123 April 2005) was an Australian politician.
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John Ambrose Fleming
Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 – 18 April 1945), an English electrical engineer and physicist, invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, and also established the left-hand rule for electric motors.
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John Augustine Zahm
The Rev.
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John C. Whitcomb
John Clement Whitcomb, Jr.
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John F. Haught
John F. Haught is a Distinguished Research Professor at Georgetown University.
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John T. Scopes
John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools.
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John William Dawson
Sir John William Dawson, (13 October 182019 November 1899), was a Canadian geologist and university administrator.
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Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a London publishing firm founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.
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Jones & Bartlett Learning
Jones & Bartlett Learning, a division of Ascend Learning, is a provider of instructional, assessment and learning-performance management solutions for the secondary, post-secondary, and professional markets.
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Journal of Heredity
The Journal of Heredity is a peer-reviewed scientific journal concerned with heredity in a biological sense, covering all aspects of genetics.
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Judeo-Christian
Judeo-Christian is a term that groups Judaism and Christianity, either in reference to Christianity's derivation from Judaism, both religions common use of the Torah, or due to perceived parallels or commonalities shared values between those two religions, which has contained as part of Western culture.
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Kalmbach Publishing
Kalmbach Publishing Co. is an American publisher of books and magazines, many of them railroad-related, located in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
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Kansas Citizens for Science
Kansas Citizens for Science (KCFS) is a science advocacy organization, incorporated as a not-for-profit 501(c)(3), that "promotes a better understanding of what science is, and does, by: advocating for science education, educating the public about the nature and value of science, and serving as an information resource." KCFS has been active in both local and national evolution-advocacy efforts and served as the prototype for other Citizens for Science organizations.
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Kansas State Department of Education
Kansas State Department Board of Education (KSDE) is Kansas's Board of Education, headquartered in Topeka.
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Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.
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K–Ar dating
Potassium–argon dating, abbreviated K–Ar dating, is a radiometric dating method used in geochronology and archaeology.
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Keith B. Miller
Keith Brady Miller is professor of geology at Kansas State University in the United States.
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Ken Ham
Kenneth Alfred Ham (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian-born Christian fundamentalist and young Earth creationist living in the United States.
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Kenneth R. Miller
Kenneth Raymond Miller (born July 14, 1948) is an American cell biologist and molecular biologist who is currently Professor of Biology and Royce Family Professor for Teaching Excellence at Brown University.
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Kent Hovind
Kent E. Hovind (born January 15, 1953) is an American Christian fundamentalist evangelist and tax protester.
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Kevin Phillips (political commentator)
Kevin Price Phillips (born November 30, 1940) is an American writer and commentator on politics, economics, and history.
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Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, 400 F. Supp. 2d 707 (M.D. Pa. 2005) was the first direct challenge brought in the United States federal courts testing a public school district policy that required the teaching of intelligent design.
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Lalla Ward
Lalla Ward (born Sarah Jill Ward; 28 June 1951) is an English actress and author.
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Lamarckism
Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the hypothesis that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime to its offspring.
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Lawrence Journal-World
The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas, United States, by Ogden Newspapers, Inc.
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Liberal Christianity
Liberal Christianity, also known as liberal theology, covers diverse philosophically and biblically informed religious movements and ideas within Christianity from the late 18th century onward.
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List of scientific bodies explicitly rejecting intelligent design
This article lists those scientific organisations and other nationally or internationally recognised groups that specifically reject intelligent design as a valid alternative to evolutionary theory.
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Little Rock, Arkansas
Little Rock is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arkansas.
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Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.
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Louis Agassiz
Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (May 28, 1807December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-American biologist and geologist recognized as an innovative and prodigious scholar of Earth's natural history.
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Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
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Louisiana
Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Lucy (Australopithecus)
Lucy is the common name of AL 288-1, several hundred pieces of bone fossils representing 40 percent of the skeleton of a female of the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis.
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Ludwig Büchner
Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner (29 March 1824 – 1 May 1899) was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism.
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Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS), often referred to simply as the Missouri Synod, is a traditional, confessional Lutheran denomination in the United States.
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Macroevolution
Macroevolution is evolution on a scale at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes of allele frequencies within a species or population.
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Masoretic Text
The Masoretic Text (MT, 𝕸, or \mathfrak) is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the Tanakh for Rabbinic Judaism.
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Massachusetts Medical Society
The Massachusetts Medical Society (MMS) is the oldest, most distinguished and prestigious continuously operating state medical association in the United States and the world.
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Massimo Pigliucci
Massimo Pigliucci (born January 16, 1964) is Professor of Philosophy at CUNY-City College, formerly co-host of the Rationally Speaking Podcast, and formerly the editor in chief for the online magazine Scientia Salon.
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Materialism
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.
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McLean v. Arkansas
McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F. Supp. 1255 (E.D. Ark. 1982), was a 1981 legal case in the US state of Arkansas.
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Metanexus Institute
The Metanexus Institute is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1997 to explore scientific and philosophical questions.
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Metaphysical naturalism
Metaphysical naturalism, also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism, and scientific materialism is a philosophical worldview, which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences.
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Methodology
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.
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Michael Behe
Michael J. Behe (born January 18, 1952) is an American biochemist, author, and advocate of the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design (ID).
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Michael Joseph (publisher)
Michael Joseph (26 September 1897 – 15 March 1958) was a British publisher and writer.
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Michael Shermer
Michael Brant Shermer (born September 8, 1954) is an American science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and editor-in-chief of its magazine Skeptic, which is largely devoted to investigating pseudoscientific and supernatural claims.
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Microevolution
Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population.
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Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
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Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).
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Mississippi
Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.
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Modern Library
The Modern Library is an American publishing company.
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Modern synthesis (20th century)
The modern synthesis was the early 20th-century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity in a joint mathematical framework.
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Molecular clock
The molecular clock is a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.
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Molecular evolution
Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.
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Monk
A monk (from μοναχός, monachos, "single, solitary" via Latin monachus) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks.
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Morality
Morality (from) is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper.
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Mormon views on evolution
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), takes no official position on whether or not biological evolution has occurred, or on the validity of the modern evolutionary synthesis as a scientific theory.
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National Academies Press
The National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
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National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.
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National Association of Biology Teachers
The National Association of Biology Teachers (NABT) is an American-based scholarly society.
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National Center for Science Education
The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a not-for-profit membership organization in the United States whose stated mission is to educate the press and the public on the scientific and educational aspects of controversies surrounding the teaching of evolution and climate change, and to provide information and resources to schools, parents, and other citizens working to keep those topics in public school science education.
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National Science Teachers Association
The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), founded in 1944 and headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, is an association of science teachers in the United States and is the largest organization of science teachers worldwide.
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Natural History (magazine)
Natural History is a natural history magazine published in the United States.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Natural theology
Natural theology, once also termed physico-theology, is a type of theology that provides arguments for the existence of God based on reason and ordinary experience of nature.
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Naturalism (philosophy)
In philosophy, naturalism is the "idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world." Adherents of naturalism (i.e., naturalists) assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that the changing universe at every stage is a product of these laws.
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Nature
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe.
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NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC, formerly known as the National Broadcasting Company when it was founded on radio.
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NBCNews.com
NBCNews.com, formerly known as msnbc.com, is a news website owned and operated by NBCUniversal as the online arm of NBC News.
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Neanderthal
Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago.
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Neo-creationism
Neo-creationism is a pseudoscientific movement which aims to restate creationism in terms more likely to be well received by the public, by policy makers, by educators and by the scientific community.
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Neo-Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is the interpretation of Darwinian evolution through natural selection as it has variously been modified since it was first proposed.
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Neptunism
Neptunism, a superseded scientific theory of geology proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749-1817) in the late 18th century, proposed rocks formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth's oceans.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New Atheism
New Atheism is a term coined in 2006 by the agnostic journalist Gary Wolf to describe the positions promoted by some atheists of the twenty-first century.
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New Scientist
New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.
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Niles Eldredge
Niles Eldredge (born August 25, 1943) is a U.S. biologist and paleontologist, who, along with Stephen Jay Gould, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium in 1972.
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Noah's Ark
Noah's Ark (תיבת נח; Biblical Hebrew: Tevat Noaḥ) is the vessel in the Genesis flood narrative (Genesis chapters 6–9) by which God spares Noah, his family, and a remnant of all the world's animals from a world-engulfing flood.
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Non-overlapping magisteria
Non-overlapping magisteria (NOMA) is the view that was advocated by Stephen Jay Gould that science and religion each represent different areas of inquiry, fact vs.
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Nonconformist
In English church history, a nonconformist was a Protestant who did not "conform" to the governance and usages of the established Church of England.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution
"Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution" is a 1973 essay by the evolutionary biologist and Eastern Orthodox Christian Theodosius Dobzhansky, criticising anti-evolution creationism and espousing theistic evolution.
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Now on PBS
Now on PBS was a Public Broadcasting Service newsmagazine that focused on social and political issues.
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NPR
National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.
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Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions.
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Nucleocosmochronology
Nucleocosmochronology or nuclear cosmochronology is a technique used to determine timescales for astrophysical objects and events.
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Objections to evolution
Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century.
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Observation
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.
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Occam's razor
Occam's razor (also Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: lex parsimoniae "law of parsimony") is the problem-solving principle that, the simplest explanation tends to be the right one.
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Old Earth creationism
Old Earth creationism is a form of creationism which includes gap creationism, progressive creationism, and evolutionary creationism.
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Oligocene
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.
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Omphalos (book)
Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot is a book by Philip Gosse, written in 1857 (two years before Darwin's On the Origin of Species), in which he argues that the fossil record is not evidence of evolution, but rather that it is an act of creation inevitably made so that the world would appear to be older than it is.
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On Being
On Being is a public radio conversation and podcast, a Webby Award-winning website, publisher and public event convener.
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On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
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Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
The Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance (OCRT) is a group in Kingston, Ontario dedicated to the promotion of religious tolerance through their website, ReligiousTolerance.org.
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Orangutan
The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are three extant species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin, as well.
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Ornithology
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary
Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary (PLTS) in Berkeley, California, is a seminary affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and California Lutheran University, and is a member school of the Graduate Theological Union (GTU).
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Paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
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Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is the parliamentary arm of the Council of Europe, a 47-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
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Paul Nelson (creationist)
Paul A. Nelson (born 1958) is an American philosopher of science noted for his advocacy of young earth creationism and intelligent design.
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PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.
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People for the American Way
People For the American Way (PFAW) is a left wing advocacy group in the United States.
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Percival Davis
Percival William Davis, also known as Bill Davis, is an American author, young earth creationist, and intelligent design proponent.
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Philip Henry Gosse
Philip Henry Gosse FRS (6 April 1810 – 23 August 1888), known to his friends as Henry, was an English naturalist and popularizer of natural science, virtually the inventor of the seawater aquarium, and a painstaking innovator in the study of marine biology.
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Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.
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Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
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Physical law
A physical law or scientific law is a theoretical statement "inferred from particular facts, applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena, and expressible by the statement that a particular phenomenon always occurs if certain conditions be present." Physical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community.
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Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, also known as "the Trib," was the second largest daily printed newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States until it transitioned to an all-digital format on December 1, 2016.
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Planetary science
Planetary science or, more rarely, planetology, is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), moons, and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes that form them.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Ponginae
Ponginae is a subfamily in the family Hominidae.
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Pontifical Academy of Sciences
The Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Pontificia accademia delle scienze, Pontificia Academia Scientiarum) is a scientific academy of the Vatican City, established in 1936 by Pope Pius XI, and thriving with the blessing of the Papacy ever since.
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Pope Francis
Pope Francis (Franciscus; Francesco; Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is the 266th and current Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State.
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Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (Leone; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death.
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Pre-Adamite
The Pre-Adamite hypothesis or Pre-adamism is the theological belief that humans (or intelligent yet non-human creatures) existed before the biblical character Adam.
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Precambrian rabbit
"Precambrian rabbits" or "fossil rabbits in the Precambrian" are reported to have been among responses given by the biologist J.B.S. Haldane when asked what evidence could destroy his confidence in the theory of evolution and the field of study.
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Premillennialism
Premillennialism, in Christian eschatology, is the belief that Jesus will physically return to the earth (the Second Coming) before the Millennium, a literal thousand-year golden age of peace.
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Priesthood in the Catholic Church
The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church (for similar but different rules among Eastern Catholics see Eastern Catholic Church) are those of bishop, presbyter (more commonly called priest in English), and deacon.
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Primate
A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.
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Project Steve
Project Steve is a list of scientists with the given name Stephen/Steven or a variation thereof (e.g., Stephanie, Stefan, Esteban, etc.) who "support evolution".
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Prometheus Books
Prometheus Books is a publishing company founded in August 1969 by the philosopher Paul Kurtz (who was also the founder of the Council for Secular Humanism, Center for Inquiry, and co-founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry).
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Protoplast (religion)
A protoplast, from ancient Greek πρωτόπλαστος (prōtóplastos, "first-formed"), in a religious context initially referred to the first human or, more generally, to the first organized body of progenitors of mankind in a creation story (as in Adam and Eve), or of surviving humanity after a cataclysm (as in Deucalion or Noah).
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Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual, but are incompatible with the scientific method.
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Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record the population will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for most of its geological history.
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Quakers
Quakers (or Friends) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements formally known as the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church.
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Quantum (TV series)
Quantum is an Australian television show about science and technology that aired on ABC television for 16 years.
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Queensland
Queensland (abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia.
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Quoting out of context
Quoting out of context (sometimes referred to as contextomy or quote mining) is an informal fallacy and a type of false attribution in which a passage is removed from its surrounding matter in such a way as to distort its intended meaning.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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Radiometric dating
Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
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Random House
Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.
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Reed Business Information
Reed Business Information is a provider of data services, analytics and information to businesses.
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Regnery Publishing
Regnery Publishing is a conservative book publisher based in Washington, D.C. An imprint of Salem Media Group, it is led by president Marji Ross.
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Relationship between religion and science
Various aspects of the relationship between religion and science have been addressed by philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others.
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Religion
Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.
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Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.
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Retro Report
Retro Report is a non-profit news organization that produces mini documentaries looking back on the biggest stories from the past to see how they affect today's news.
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Rhenium–osmium dating
Rhenium-Osmium dating is a form of radiometric dating based on the beta decay of the isotope 187Re to 187Os.
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Richard Dawkins
Clinton Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and author.
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Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS or RDF) is a division of Center for Inquiry (CFI) founded by British biologist Richard Dawkins in 2006 to promote scientific literacy and secularism.
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River Out of Eden
River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life is a 1995 popular science book by Richard Dawkins.
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Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802)
Robert Chambers (10 July 1802 – 17 March 1871) was a Scottish publisher, geologist, evolutionary thinker, author and journal editor who, like his elder brother and business partner William Chambers, was highly influential in mid-19th century scientific and political circles.
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Royal Society
The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.
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Rubidium–strontium dating
The rubidium-strontium dating method is a radiometric dating technique used by scientists to determine the age of rocks and minerals from the quantities they contain of specific isotopes of rubidium (87Rb) and strontium (87Sr, 86Sr).
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Sahelanthropus
Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct homininae species and is probably the ancestor to Orrorin that is dated to about, during the Miocene epoch, possibly very close to the time of the chimpanzee–human divergence.
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Samarium–neodymium dating
Samarium–neodymium dating is a radiometric dating method useful for determining the ages of rocks and meteorites, based on radioactive decay of a long-lived samarium (Sm) isotope to a radiogenic neodymium (Nd) isotope.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.
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Scientific community
The scientific community is a diverse network of interacting scientists.
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Scientific consensus
Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the community of scientists in a particular field of study.
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Scientific method
Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
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Scientific theory
A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested, in accordance with the scientific method, using a predefined protocol of observation and experiment.
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Scopes Trial
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.
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Second Coming
The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is a Christian and Islamic belief regarding the future (or past) return of Jesus Christ after his incarnation and ascension to heaven about two thousand years ago.
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Secondary school
A secondary school is both an organization that provides secondary education and the building where this takes place.
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Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
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Sequence (geology)
In geology, a sequence is a stratigraphic unit which is bounded by an unconformity at the top and at the bottom.
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Serbia
Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.
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Sermon
A sermon is an oration, lecture, or talk by a member of a religious institution or clergy.
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Shia Islam
Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.
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Sinauer Associates
Sinauer Associates, Inc. is a publisher of college-level textbooks.
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Sivapithecus
Sivapithecus (Shiva's Ape) (syn: Ramapithecus) is a genus of extinct apes.
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Skeptic (US magazine)
Skeptic, colloquially known as Skeptic magazine, is a quarterly science education and science advocacy magazine published internationally by The Skeptics Society, a nonprofit organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs.
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Skeptical Inquirer
Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle: The Magazine for Science and Reason.
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Social Darwinism
The term Social Darwinism is used to refer to various ways of thinking and theories that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and tried to apply the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society.
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Soul
In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.
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Southern Baptist Convention
The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.
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Southern strategy
In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans.
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Specified complexity
Specified complexity is a concept proposed by William Dembski and used by him and others to promote the pseudoscientific arguments of intelligent design.
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Spontaneous generation
Spontaneous generation refers to an obsolete body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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St. George Jackson Mivart
St.
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.
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Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
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State religion
A state religion (also called an established religion or official religion) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state.
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Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.
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Stereotypes of Americans
Stereotypes of American people (here meaning US citizens) can today be found in virtually all cultures.
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Sternberg peer review controversy
The Sternberg peer review controversy concerns the conflict arising from the publication of an article supporting the pseudo-scientific concept of intelligent design in a scientific journal, and the subsequent questions of whether proper editorial procedures had been followed and whether it was properly peer reviewed.
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Subjectivity
Subjectivity is a central philosophical concept, related to consciousness, agency, personhood, reality, and truth, which has been variously defined by sources.
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Sudan
The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.
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Supernatural
The supernatural (Medieval Latin: supernātūrālis: supra "above" + naturalis "natural", first used: 1520–1530 AD) is that which exists (or is claimed to exist), yet cannot be explained by laws of nature.
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Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.
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Survival of the fittest
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.
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Systematics
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.
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T&T Clark
T&T Clark is a British publishing firm which was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1821 and which now exists as an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.
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TalkOrigins Archive
The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and "intelligent design" creationists.
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Teach the Controversy
"Teach the Controversy" is a campaign, conducted by the Discovery Institute, to promote the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design, a variant of traditional creationism, while attempting to discredit the teaching of evolution in United States public high school science courses.
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Teachinghistory.org
Teachinghistory.org, also known as the National History Education Clearinghouse (NHEC), is a website that provides educational resources for the study of U.S. history.
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Tennessee
Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Tennessee Supreme Court
The Tennessee Supreme Court is the ultimate judicial tribunal of the state of Tennessee.
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Textbook
A textbook or coursebook (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.
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Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books on art, architecture, design, and visual culture.
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The American Prospect
The American Prospect is a daily online and quarterly print American political and public policy magazine dedicated to American liberalism and progressivism.
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The American Spectator
The American Spectator is a conservative U.S. monthly magazine covering news and politics, edited by R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr. and published by the non-profit American Spectator Foundation.
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The Atlantic
The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher, founded in 1857 as The Atlantic Monthly in Boston, Massachusetts.
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The Blind Watchmaker
The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design is a 1986 book by Richard Dawkins, in which the author presents an explanation of, and argument for, the theory of evolution by means of natural selection.
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The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online
The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (or Darwin Online) is a freely-accessible website containing the complete print and manuscript works of Charles Darwin, as well as related supplementary material.
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The Creationists
The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design is a history of the origins of anti-evolutionism by Ronald Numbers.
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The Demon-Haunted World
The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark is a 1995 book by astrophysicist Carl Sagan, in which the author aims to explain the scientific method to laypeople, and to encourage people to learn critical and skeptical thinking.
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The Design Inference
The Design Inference: Eliminating Chance through Small Probabilities is a 1998 book by American philosopher and mathematician William A. Dembski, a proponent of intelligent design, which sets out to establish approaches by which evidence of intelligent agency could be inferred in natural and social situations.
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The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.
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The Genesis Flood
The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and its Scientific Implications is a 1961 book by young Earth creationists John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris that, according to Ronald Numbers, elevated young Earth creationism "to a position of fundamentalist orthodoxy.".
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The Growth of Biological Thought
The Growth of Biological Thought (992 pages, Belknap Press) is a book written by Ernst Mayr, first published in 1982.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The Herald and Weekly Times
The Herald and Weekly Times Limited (HWT) is a newspaper publishing company based in Melbourne, Australia.
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The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The New York Times Company
The New York Times Company is an American media company which publishes its namesake, The New York Times.
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The New York Times International Edition
The New York Times International Edition is an English-language newspaper printed at 38 sites throughout the world and sold in more than 160 countries and territories.
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The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is a Sunday magazine supplement included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times.
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The Revisionaries
The Revisionaries is a 2012 documentary film about the re-election of Don McLeroy, the former chairman of the Texas Board of Education.
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The Science of Nature
The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance.
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The Skeptics Society
The Skeptics Society is a nonprofit, member-supported organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs.
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The Tampa Tribune
The Tampa Tribune was a daily newspaper published in Tampa, Florida.
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The Volokh Conspiracy
The Volokh Conspiracy is a blog, founded in 2002, covering legal and political issues from an ideological orientation it describes as "generally libertarian, conservative, centrist, or some mixture of these." Its name is a joking reference to Hillary Clinton's reference to a "vast right-wing conspiracy".
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.
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The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy uniting 1,000 scientists in some 70 countries.
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Theism
Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of the Supreme Being or deities.
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Theistic evolution
Theistic evolution, theistic evolutionism, evolutionary creationism or God-guided evolution are views that regard religious teachings about God as compatible with modern scientific understanding about biological evolution.
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Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky (Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добжа́нський; Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was a prominent Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the modern synthesis.
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Theology
Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.
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Theology of creationism and evolution
Churches address the theological implications raised by creationism and evolution in different ways.
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Theory
A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking.
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Theory of relativity
The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity.
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Thin disk
The thin disk is a structural component of spiral and S0-type galaxies, composing of stars, gas and dust.
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Thomas Henry Huxley
Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist specialising in comparative anatomy.
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Thomas Kuhn
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American physicist, historian and philosopher of science whose controversial 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift, which has since become an English-language idiom.
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Thomas Nelson (publisher)
Thomas Nelson is a publishing firm that began in West Bow, Edinburgh, Scotland in 1798 as the namesake of its founder.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.
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Topeka, Kansas
Topeka (Kansa: Tó Pee Kuh) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the seat of Shawnee County.
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Transaction Publishers
Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey–based publishing house that specialized in social science books.
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Transitional fossil
A transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group.
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Transmutation of species
Transmutation of species and transformism are 19th-century evolutionary ideas for the altering of one species into another that preceded Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.
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U.S. state
A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.
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UCLA School of Law
The University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law, also referred to as UCLA School of Law and UCLA Law, is the law school of UCLA, located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Uniformitarianism
Uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity,, "The assumption of spatial and temporal invariance of natural laws is by no means unique to geology since it amounts to a warrant for inductive inference which, as Bacon showed nearly four hundred years ago, is the basic mode of reasoning in empirical science.
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Unitarianism
Unitarianism (from Latin unitas "unity, oneness", from unus "one") is historically a Christian theological movement named for its belief that the God in Christianity is one entity, as opposed to the Trinity (tri- from Latin tres "three") which defines God as three persons in one being; the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.
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United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (in case citations, 6th Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts.
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United States Department of Education
The United States Department of Education (ED or DoED), also referred to as the ED for (the) Education Department, is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government.
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Universe
The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.
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University of Bristol
The University of Bristol (simply referred to as Bristol University and abbreviated as Bris. in post-nominal letters, or UoB) is a red brick research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia.
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University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law
The University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law is a public law school located on the main campus of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in Kansas City, Missouri, near the Country Club Plaza.
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Unmoved mover
The unmoved mover (that which moves without being moved) or prime mover (primum movens) is a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause or "mover" of all the motion in the universe.
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Uranium–lead dating
Uranium–lead dating, abbreviated U–Pb dating, is one of the oldestBoltwood, B.B., 1907, On the ultimate disintegration products of the radio-active elements.
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USA Today
USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.
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Ussher chronology
The Ussher chronology is a 17th-century chronology of the history of the world formulated from a literal reading of the Old Testament by James Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland.
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Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation is an 1844 work of speculative natural history and philosophy by Robert Chambers.
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Victoria Institute
The Victoria Institute, or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, was founded in 1865, as a response to the publication of On the Origin of Species and Essays and Reviews.
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Viking Press
Viking Press is an American publishing company now owned by Penguin Random House.
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W. W. Norton & Company
W.
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Wahhabism
Wahhabism (الوهابية) is an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.
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Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania is a non-stock, not-for-profit organization headquartered in Warwick, New York.
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Webster v. New Lenox School District
Webster v. New Lenox School District, 917 F.2d 1004 (7th Cir. 1990) was a court case in Illinois, in which a social studies teacher Ray Webster sued the New Lenox School District 122 in New Lenox, Illinois, which he accused of violating his First Amendment right to free speech for stopping him from teaching "creation science" in class.
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Weider History Group
Weider History Group is a magazine publishing company headquartered in Leesburg, Virginia.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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Westminster John Knox
Westminster John Knox is a book publisher in Louisville, Kentucky and is part of Presbyterian Publishing Corporation, the publishing arm of the Louisville, Kentucky-based Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Their publishing focus is on books in.
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Westview Press
Westview Press was an American publishing house.
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Why People Believe Weird Things
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time is a 1997 book by science writer Michael Shermer.
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Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska.
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William Overton (judge)
William Ray Overton (September 19, 1939 – July 14, 1987) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Year
A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.
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Zondervan
Zondervan is an international Christian media and publishing company located in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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Zygon (journal)
Zygon: Journal of Religion & Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering religion and science published by Wiley-Blackwell.
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6News Lawrence
Channel 6 - Lawrence, KS was a 24-hour local information channel based in Lawrence, Kansas which served Douglas County, Leavenworth County and Wyandotte County west of Interstate 435.
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Redirects here:
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation–evolution_controversy
