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71 relations: Anatomy, Animal, Archaea, Attenuator (genetics), AU-rich element, Bacteria, Binding site, CAAT box, Chromosome 11, Chromosome 6, Cis-regulatory module, Conserved sequence, DNA, Embryogenesis, Enhancer (genetics), Eukaryote, Evolutionary developmental biology, Gene, Gene expression, Gene regulatory network, Genome, Initiator element, Internal ribosome entry site, Intron, Iron response element, Lac operon, Lac repressor, Latin, List of cis-regulatory RNA elements, Messenger RNA, Morphogenesis, Mutation, Non-coding DNA, Operator (biology), Operon, Phenotype, Pleiotropy, Polyadenylation, Polymorphism (biology), Pribnow box, Promoter (genetics), Protein, PYLIS downstream sequence, Pyrrolysine, Recognition sequence, Regulation of gene expression, Regulator gene, Regulatory sequence, Repressor, Rfam, ..., Riboswitch, RNA, RNA polymerase, RNA thermometer, RNA virus, SECIS element, Selenocysteine, Silencer (genetics), SOS box, Stop codon, TATA box, Three prime untranslated region, Trans-acting, Trans-regulatory element, Transcription (biology), Transcription factor, Transcription factor II B, Translational frameshift, Transterm, Upstream activating sequence, Upstream and downstream (DNA). Expand index (21 more) »
Anatomy
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Attenuator (genetics)
Attenuation (in genetics) is a proposed mechanism of control in some bacterial operons which results in premature termination of transcription and is based on the fact that, in bacteria, transcription and translation proceed simultaneously.
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AU-rich element
Adenylate-uridylate-rich elements (AU-rich elements; AREs) are found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that code for proto-oncogenes, nuclear transcription factors, and cytokines.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Binding site
In biochemistry, a binding site is a region on a protein or piece of DNA or RNA to which ligands (specific molecules and/or ions) may form a chemical bond.
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CAAT box
In molecular biology, a CCAAT box (also sometimes abbreviated a CAAT box or CAT box) is a distinct pattern of nucleotides with GGCCAATCT consensus sequence that occur upstream by 60–100 bases to the initial transcription site.
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Chromosome 11
Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 6
Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Cis-regulatory module
Cis-regulatory module (CRM) is a stretch of DNA, usually 100–1000 DNA base pairs in length, where a number of transcription factors can bind and regulate expression of nearby genes and regulate their transcription rates.
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Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences) or within a genome (paralogous sequences).
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Embryogenesis
Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo forms and develops.
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Enhancer (genetics)
In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer the ancestral relationships between them and how developmental processes evolved.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Gene regulatory network
A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Initiator element
The initiator element (Inr), sometimes referred to as initiator motif, is a core promoter that is similar in function to the Pribnow box (in prokaryotes) or the TATA box (in eukaryotes).
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Internal ribosome entry site
An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis.
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Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.
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Iron response element
In molecular biology, the iron response element or iron-responsive element (IRE) is a short conserved stem-loop which is bound by iron response proteins (IRPs, also named IRE-BP or IRBP).
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Lac operon
The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria.
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Lac repressor
The lac repressor is a DNA-binding protein which inhibits the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the metabolism of lactose in bacteria.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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List of cis-regulatory RNA elements
This is a list of cis-regulatory RNAs.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Morphogenesis
Morphogenesis (from the Greek morphê shape and genesis creation, literally, "beginning of the shape") is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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Non-coding DNA
In genomics and related disciplines, noncoding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences.
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Operator (biology)
In genetics, an operator is a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor binds to regulate gene expression by repressing it.
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Operon
In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (from Greek πλείων pleion, "more", and τρόπος tropos, "way") occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
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Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Pribnow box
The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is the sequence TATAAT of six nucleotides (thymine, adenine, thymine, etc.) that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.
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Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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PYLIS downstream sequence
In biology, the PYLIS downstream sequence (PYLIS: pyrrolysine insertion sequence) is a stem-loop structure that appears on some mRNA sequences.
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Pyrrolysine
Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O; encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria; it is not present in humans.
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Recognition sequence
The recognition sequence, sometimes also referred to as recognition site, of any DNA-binding protein motif that exhibits binding specificity, refers to the DNA sequence (or subset thereof), to which the domain is specific.
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Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA), and is informally termed gene regulation.
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Regulator gene
A regulator gene, regulator, or regulatory gene is a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes.
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Regulatory sequence
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism.
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Repressor
In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers.
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Rfam
Rfam is a database containing information about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families and other structured RNA elements.
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Riboswitch
In molecular biology, a riboswitch is a regulatory segment of a messenger RNA molecule that binds a small molecule, resulting in a change in production of the proteins encoded by the mRNA.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.
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RNA thermometer
An RNA thermometer (or RNA thermosensor) is a temperature-sensitive non-coding RNA molecule which regulates gene expression.
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RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA (ribonucleic acid) as its genetic material.
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SECIS element
In biology, the SECIS element (SECIS: selenocysteine insertion sequence) is an RNA element around 60 nucleotides in length that adopts a stem-loop structure.
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Selenocysteine
Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid.
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Silencer (genetics)
In genetics, a silencer is a DNA sequence capable of binding transcription regulation factors, called repressors.
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SOS box
SOS box is the region in the promoter of various genes to which the LexA repressor binds to repress the transcription of SOS-induced proteins.
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Stop codon
In the genetic code, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation into proteins.
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TATA box
In molecular biology, the TATA box (also called the Goldberg-Hogness box) is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes.
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Three prime untranslated region
In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon.
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Trans-acting
In the field of molecular biology, trans-acting (trans-regulatory, trans-regulation), in general, means "acting from a different molecule" (i.e., intermolecular).
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Trans-regulatory element
Trans-regulatory elements are genes which may modify (or regulate) the expression of distant genes.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
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Transcription factor II B
Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation.
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Translational frameshift
Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternative process of protein translation.
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Transterm
Transterm is a database of mRNA sequences, codon usage, and associated cis-regulatory elements that regulate gene expression.
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Upstream activating sequence
An upstream activating sequence or upstream activation sequence (UAS) is a cis-acting regulatory sequence.
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Upstream and downstream (DNA)
In molecular biology and genetics, upstream and downstream both refer to relative positions of genetic code in DNA or RNA.
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Cis-Regulatory element, Cis-acting, Cis-acting element, Cis-acting elements, Cis-acting sites, Cis-active, Cis-reg, Cis-regulatory, Cis-regulatory elements, Cisacting, Cisactive, In cis.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-regulatory_element
