Communication

540 relations: A3 motorway (Romania), Absolute monarchy, Administrative divisions of Romania, Adoration of the Magi, Aegon N.V., Aiton, Cluj, Alba Iulia, All-terrain vehicle, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania), Alternative rock, Andrei Mureșanu, Cluj-Napoca, Andy Fletcher (musician), Antal Kagerbauer, Antisemitism, Apahida, Apuseni Mountains, Architecture, Art and Design University of Cluj-Napoca, Art Nouveau, Association football, ATB, Attempted murder, Auchan, Auschwitz concentration camp, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Avram Iancu Square, Cluj-Napoca, Între Lacuri, Új Kelet, Babeș-Bolyai University, Baciu, Banca Transilvania, Baptist Union of Romania, Baroque, Baroque Revival architecture, Battle of Mohács, BauMax, Bánk bán, Băișoara, Bechtel, Beersheba, Begging, Belgrade, Bessarabia, Beyoncé, Blues, Bobsleigh, Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Bonțida, Bonțida Bánffy Castle, ..., Borșa, Cluj, BRD – Groupe Société Générale, Brewery, British Council, BT Arena, Bucharest, Budapest, Bulgaria, Cluj-Napoca, Bună Ziua, Cluj-Napoca, Calvinism, Calypso bulbosa, Cannes Film Festival, Capitoline Wolf Statue, Cluj-Napoca, Caracas, Caritas (Ponzi scheme), Carrefour, Castra, Catacombs, Catholic Church, Catholic Church in Romania, Caving, Cay, Câmpia Turzii, Căianu, Căile Ferate Române, Central European Media Enterprises, Centru, Cluj-Napoca, CFF Clujana, CFR Cluj, Chacao Municipality, Chamber of commerce, Charles I of Hungary, Children's rights, Chinteni, Ciurila, Claude Michel, Cluj Arena, Cluj County, Cluj Expres, Cluj International Airport, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca Bánffy Palace, Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden, Cluj-Napoca Central Park, Cluj-Napoca Hintz House, Cluj-Napoca Hungarian Opera, Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area, Cluj-Napoca National Theatre, Cluj-Napoca Piarists' Church, Cluj-Napoca Tailors' Bastion, Cluj-Napoca train station, Clujeanul, Coach (bus), Cojocna, Cologne, Colonia (Roman), Columbia, South Carolina, Comedy Cluj, Communes of Romania, Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca, Continental climate, Cora (hypermarket), Counties of Romania, County council, CS Sănătatea Servicii Publice Cluj, CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca, CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca (men's basketball), Cupa României, Cycling infrastructure, Dacia, Dave Seaman, Dâmbul Rotund, Döme Sztójay, De'Longhi, Deep Purple, Dej, Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania, Democratic Liberal Party (Romania), Deutscher Wetterdienst, Devil, Dezső Bánffy, Dijon, Dimitrie Paciurea, DN1, Dormition of the Mother of God, Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, Cluj-Napoca, East Lansing, Michigan, Eastern European Summer Time, Eastern European Time, Eclecticism, Electric Castle, Electronic music, Emerson Electric, Emil Boc, Emil Hațieganu, Erdélyi Napló, Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca, Esplanade, Ethnic group, Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania, Ethnography, Euro, European Capitals and Cities of Sport Federation, European Festivals Awards, European route 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Târgu Mureș, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Telephone numbers in Romania, Terapia Ranbaxy, The American Historical Review, The Cheeky Girls, The Final Frontier World Tour, The Holocaust, The Outpost (film), Timo Maas, Toamna Muzicală Clujeană, Trajan, Tram, Transfiguration Cathedral, Cluj-Napoca, Transilvania International Film Festival, Transylvania, Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra, Transylvanian Memorandum, Transylvanian Saxons, Treaty of Karlowitz, Treaty of Trianon, Trinity, Trolleybus, Tunisian people, Turda, Tureni, TVR Cluj, UNESCO, Unio Trium Nationum, Union of Transylvania with Romania, Unirii Square, Cluj-Napoca, Unitarian Church of Transylvania, Unitarianism, United States Department of State, Uniting Nations, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, University of Texas Press, Untold Festival, Urban legend, Urbanization, Ursus Breweries, Valdivia, Vehicle registration plates of Romania, Victor Babeș, Vienna, Visual arts, Viterbo, Voivode, Vultureni, Cluj, Water polo, Weir, World Meteorological Organization, Yiddish, Yves Larock, Zagreb, Zhengzhou, Ziarul Financiar, Zionism, Ziua, Zorilor, 2007–08 Liga I, 2009–10 Liga I. 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A3 motorway (Romania)

The A3 motorway (Autostrada A3) is a partially built (approx. 18%) motorway in Romania, planned to connect Bucharest with the Transylvania region and the north-western part of the country.

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Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.

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Administrative divisions of Romania

Romania's administration is relatively centralized and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified.

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Adoration of the Magi

The Adoration of the Magi or Adoration of the Kings is the name traditionally given to the subject in the Nativity of Jesus in art in which the three Magi, represented as kings, especially in the West, having found Jesus by following a star, lay before him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, and worship him.

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Aegon N.V.

Aegon N.V. is a multinational life insurance, pensions and asset management company headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands.

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Aiton, Cluj

Aiton (Ajton; Eiten) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Alba Iulia

Alba Iulia (Karlsburg or Carlsburg, formerly Weißenburg, Gyulafehérvár, Apulum, Ottoman Turkish: Erdel Belgradı or Belgrad-ı Erdel) is a city located on the Mureş River in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 63,536.

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All-terrain vehicle

An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a quad, quad bike, three-wheeler, four-wheeler or quadricycle as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control.

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Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)

The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților, ALDE) is a political party in Romania.

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Alternative rock

Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s.

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Andrei Mureșanu, Cluj-Napoca

Andrei Mureşanu is a residential district of Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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Andy Fletcher (musician)

Andrew John Leonard "Andy" Fletcher (born 8 July 1961), popularly known as "Fletch", is an English keyboard player and one of the founding members of the electronic band Depeche Mode.

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Antal Kagerbauer

Antal Kagerbauer (born as Anton Kagerbauer, 5 July 1814 in Abrudbánya – 8 October 1872 in Torda) was a Transylvanian Hungarian-German architect who worked in Cluj during the mid-nineteenth century.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

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Apahida

Apahida (Apahida; Bruckendorf; Pons Abbatis) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Apuseni Mountains

The Apuseni Mountains (Munții Apuseni, Erdélyi-középhegység) is a mountain range in Transylvania, Romania, which belongs to the Western Romanian Carpathians, also called Occidentali in Romanian.

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Architecture

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.

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Art and Design University of Cluj-Napoca

The Art and Design University (Kolozsvári Képzőművészeti és Formatervezői Egyetem) is an art university located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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ATB

André Tanneberger (born 26 February 1973), better known by his stage name ATB, is a German DJ, musician, and producer of electronic dance music.

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Attempted murder

Attempted murder is a crime of attempt in various jurisdictions.

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Auchan

Groupe Auchan SA is a French international retail group and multinational corporation headquartered in Croix, France.

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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.

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Austrian Academy of Sciences

The Austrian Academy of Sciences (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is a legal entity under the special protection of the Republic of Austria.

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Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

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Avram Iancu Square, Cluj-Napoca

Avram Iancu Square (named after the Transylvanian Romanian lawyer and revolutionary Avram Iancu) is a central plaza in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca.

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Între Lacuri

Între Lacuri (Hungarian: Tóközi-negyed; both Romanian and Hungarian name refer to its being located in-between lakes) is a district located in the eastern part of Cluj-Napoca, in Romania.

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Új Kelet

Új Kelet (Hungarian translation: "New East") is a Zionist Jewish newspaper in the Hungarian language which first appeared in Kolozsvár (Cluj) in Transylvania, Romania, and was later revived in Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Babeș-Bolyai University

The Babeș-Bolyai University (Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, Babeș-Bolyai Universität), commonly known after its abbreviation, UBB, is a public university in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Baciu

Baciu (Kisbács; Botschendorf) is a commune in Cluj County, located in the region of Transylvania, in the northwestern part of Romania.

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Banca Transilvania

Banca Transilvania S.A. is a banking institution with headquarters in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Baptist Union of Romania

The Baptist Union of Romania (Uniunea Baptistă din România) is an alliance of Baptist churches for cooperative ministry in Romania.

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Baroque

The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.

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Baroque Revival architecture

The Baroque Revival, also known as Neo-Baroque (or Second Empire architecture in France), was an architectural style of the late 19th century.

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Battle of Mohács

The Battle of Mohács (Mohácsi csata, Mohaç Meydan Muharebesi) was one of the most consequential battles in Central European history.

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BauMax

The Baumax AG (own spelling: bauMax) was an Austrian chain of home improvement stores.

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Bánk bán

Bánk bán is an opera in 3 Acts by composer Ferenc Erkel.

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Băișoara

Băișoara (Járabánya; Kleingrub, Ginsdorf) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Bechtel

Bechtel Corporation (Bechtel Group, Inc.) is an engineering, procurement, construction, and project management company.

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Beersheba

Beersheba, also spelled Beer-Sheva (בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע; بئر السبع), is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel.

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Begging

Begging (also panhandling or mendicancy) is the practice of imploring others to grant a favor, often a gift of money, with little or no expectation of reciprocation.

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Belgrade

Belgrade (Beograd / Београд, meaning "White city",; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia.

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Bessarabia

Bessarabia (Basarabia; Бессарабия, Bessarabiya; Besarabya; Бессара́бія, Bessarabiya; Бесарабия, Besarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

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Beyoncé

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and businesswoman.

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Blues

Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.

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Bobsleigh

Bobsleigh or bobsled is a winter sport in which teams of two or four teammates make timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked, iced tracks in a gravity-powered sleigh.

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Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu

Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu (26 February 1838 &ndash) was a Romanian writer and philologist, who pioneered many branches of Romanian philology and history.

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Bonțida

Bonțida (Bonchida,, transl. "Bonc's bridge"; Bonisbruck) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Bonțida Bánffy Castle

Bánffy Castle is an architectural monument situated in Bonţida, a village in the vicinity of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, with construction phases and stylistic features belonging to Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Neogothic styles.

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Borșa, Cluj

Borşa (Kolozsborsa; Borschen) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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BRD – Groupe Société Générale

BRD – Groupe Société Générale is a Romanian bank which is based in Bucharest, Romania.

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Brewery

A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.

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British Council

The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities.

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BT Arena

The BT Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena that is located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.

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Bulgaria, Cluj-Napoca

Bulgaria is an industrial district in Cluj-Napoca in Romania, located between a railway and the Someşul Mic River.

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Bună Ziua, Cluj-Napoca

Bună Ziua (Romanian for Good Day) is a housing district in Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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Calvinism

Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.

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Calypso bulbosa

Calypso is a genus of orchids containing one species, Calypso bulbosa, known as the calypso orchid, fairy slipper or Venus's slipper.

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Cannes Film Festival

The Cannes Festival (Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world.

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Capitoline Wolf Statue, Cluj-Napoca

The Capitoline Wolf Statue (Statuia Lupoaicei) in Cluj-Napoca, Romania is located on Eroilor Boulevard, in the city centre on the banks of the Someşul Mic river.

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Caracas

Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and centre of the Greater Caracas Area, and the largest city of Venezuela.

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Caritas (Ponzi scheme)

Caritas was a Ponzi scheme in Romania that was active between April 1992 and August 1994.

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Carrefour

Carrefour S.A. is a French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt, France, in the Hauts-de-Seine Department near Paris.

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Castra

In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum (plural castra) was a building, or plot of land, used as a fortified military camp.

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Catacombs

Catacombs are human-made subterranean passageways for religious practice.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Catholic Church in Romania

The Catholic Church (Biserica Catolică din România, Romániai Római Katolikus Egyház, Katholische Kirche in Rumänien) in Romania is a Latin Rite Christian church, part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Caving

Caving – also traditionally known as spelunking in the United States and Canada and potholing in the United Kingdom and Ireland – is the recreational pastime of exploring wild (generally non-commercial) cave systems.

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Cay

A cay, also spelled caye or key, is a small, low-elevation, sandy island on the surface of a coral reef.

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Câmpia Turzii

Câmpia Turzii (Jerischmarkt; Aranyosgyéres) is a city in Cluj County, Romania, which was formed in 1925 by the union of two villages, Ghiriş (Aranyosgyéres) and Sâncrai (Szentkirály).

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Căianu

Căianu (Magyarkályán; Klandorf) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Căile Ferate Române

Căile Ferate Române (abbreviated as the CFR) is the state railway carrier of Romania.

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Central European Media Enterprises

Central European Media Enterprises Ltd. (CME) is a Bermudan media and entertainment company operating in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Centru, Cluj-Napoca

Centru (Romanian for centre) is the main cultural, financial, administrative and commercial area in Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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CFF Clujana

CFF Clujana is an association football club from Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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CFR Cluj

Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj, commonly known as CFR Cluj, is a Romanian professional football club based in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County.

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Chacao Municipality

Chacao is one of the five political and administrative subdivisions of the city of Caracas, Venezuela.

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Chamber of commerce

A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses.

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Charles I of Hungary

Charles I, also known as Charles Robert (Károly Róbert; Karlo Robert; Karol Róbert; 128816 July 1342) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to his death.

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Children's rights

Children's rights are the human rights of children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors.

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Chinteni

Chinteni (Kajántó; Kallentau) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Ciurila

Ciurila (Csurulye; Schiril) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Claude Michel

Claude Michel (December 20, 1738 – March 29, 1814), known as Clodion, was a French sculptor in the Rococo style, especially noted for his works in terracotta.

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Cluj Arena

Cluj Arena is a multi-use stadium in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Cluj County

Cluj County (Kolozs megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca.

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Cluj Expres

Cluj Expres is a Romanian language free daily newspaper published in Cluj-Napoca.

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Cluj International Airport

Avram Iancu Cluj International Airport is an airport serving the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.

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Cluj-Napoca Bánffy Palace

Bánffy Castle is a baroque building of the 18th century in Cluj-Napoca, designed by the German architect Johann Eberhard Blaumann.

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Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden

The Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden, officially Alexandru Borza Cluj-Napoca University Botanic Garden (Grădina Botanică Alexandru Borza a Universităţii Cluj-Napoca), is a botanical garden located in the south part of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Cluj-Napoca Central Park

Central Park is a large public, urban park in central Cluj-Napoca.

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Cluj-Napoca Hintz House

The Mauksch–Hintz House is a historic building on the Main Square of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, which houses the first pharmacy in the city.

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Cluj-Napoca Hungarian Opera

The State Hungarian Opera in Cluj-Napoca is an opera company in Romania, founded on 17 December 1948.

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Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area

The Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area is a metropolitan area founded in December 2008.

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Cluj-Napoca National Theatre

The Lucian Blaga National Theatre (Romanian: Teatrul Naţional Lucian Blaga) in Cluj-Napoca, Romania is one of the most prestigious theatrical institutions in Romania.

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Cluj-Napoca Piarists' Church

The Piarist Church (Biserica Piariștilor, also known as the Jesuit Church (Biserica Iezuiților) or the University Church (Biserica Universității); piarista templom), located at 5 Str.

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Cluj-Napoca Tailors' Bastion

The Cluj-Napoca Tailors' Tower (Romanian: Bastionul Croitorilor din Cluj-Napoca, Szabók bástyája) is located at the southeast corner of the old Cluj-Napoca citadel.

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Cluj-Napoca train station

Cluj-Napoca train station is the main railway station in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Clujeanul

Clujeanul is both a weekly newspaper published in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and an online newspaper providing real-time local and national news.

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Coach (bus)

A coach (also motor coach) is a type of bus used for conveying passengers.

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Cojocna

Cojocna (Kolozs; Salzgrub, Klosmarkt) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).

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Colonia (Roman)

A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it.

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Columbia, South Carolina

Columbia is the capital and second largest city of the U.S. state of South Carolina, with a population estimate of 134,309 as of 2016.

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Comedy Cluj

Comedy Cluj is an international film festival of comedy film organized annually in October in Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, Romania.

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Communes of Romania

A commune (comună in Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania.

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Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca

Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca ("Cluj-Napoca Public Transport Company", CTP; until 2013 RATUC, Regia Autonomă de Transport Urban de Călători) is the local public transport company of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Continental climate

Continental climates are defined in the Köppen climate classification as having the coldest month with the temperature never rising above 0.0° C (32°F) all month long.

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Cora (hypermarket)

Cora is a retail group of hypermarkets located in France and elsewhere in Europe.

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Counties of Romania

A total of 41 counties (județe), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania.

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County council

A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county.

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CS Sănătatea Servicii Publice Cluj

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CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca

CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca is a Romanian sports society from Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca (men's basketball)

CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca is a Romanian professional basketball club based in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Cupa României

The Cupa României (Romanian Cup) is a football cup competition for Romanian teams which has been held annually since 1933–34, except during World War II.

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Cycling infrastructure

Cycling infrastructure refers to all infrastructure which may be used by cyclists.

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Dacia

In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians.

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Dave Seaman

Dave Seaman (born 29 April 1968) is a British dance music DJ and record producer.

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Dâmbul Rotund

Dâmbul Rotund (Hungarian Kerekdomb) is a housing district in north-western Cluj-Napoca.

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Döme Sztójay

Döme Sztójay (5 January 1883 – 22 August 1946) was a Hungarian soldier and diplomat of Serb origin, who served as Prime Minister of Hungary in 1944, during World War II.

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De'Longhi

De'Longhi S.p.A is an Italian small appliance manufacturer based in Treviso, Italy.

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Deep Purple

Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertford in 1968.

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Dej

Dej (Dés; Desch, Burglos; דעעש Desh) is a city in northwestern Romania, 60 km north of Cluj-Napoca, in Cluj County.

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Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania

The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania representing the Hungarian minority of Romania.

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Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)

The Democratic Liberal Party (Partidul Democrat-Liberal, PDL) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania.

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Deutscher Wetterdienst

The Deutscher Wetterdienst or DWD for short, is the German Meteorological Office, based in Offenbach am Main, Germany, which monitors weather and meteorological conditions over Germany and provides weather services for the general public and for nautical, aviational or agricultural purposes.

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Devil

A devil (from Greek: διάβολος diábolos "slanderer, accuser") is the personification and archetype of evil in various cultures.

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Dezső Bánffy

Baron Dezső Bánffy de Losonc (28 October 184324 May 1911) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1895 to 1899.

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Dijon

Dijon is a city in eastern:France, capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

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Dimitrie Paciurea

Dimitrie Paciurea (2 November (1873 or 1875) – 14 July 1932) was a Romanian sculptor.

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DN1

DN1 (Drumul Naţional 1) is an important national road in Romania which links Bucharest with the northwestern part of the country and the border with Hungary via Borş.

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Dormition of the Mother of God

The Dormition of the Mother of God (Κοίμησις Θεοτόκου, Koímēsis Theotokou often anglicized as Kimisis; Slavonic: Успение Пресвятыя Богородицы, Uspenie Presvetia Bogoroditsi; Georgian: მიძინება ყოვლადწმიდისა ღვთისმშობელისა) is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches which commemorates the "falling asleep" or death of Mary the Theotokos ("Mother of God", literally translated as God-bearer), and her bodily resurrection before being taken up into heaven.

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Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, Cluj-Napoca

The Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral (Catedrala Adormirea Maicii Domnului) is the most famous Romanian Orthodox church of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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East Lansing, Michigan

East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan directly east of Lansing, the state capital.

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Eastern European Summer Time

Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Eastern European Time

Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Eclecticism

Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.

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Electric Castle

Electric Castle is an annual music festival held on the spectacular Transylvanian domain of the Bánffy Castle, near Cluj-Napoca in Romania. The festival is a unique festival experience that combines music, technology and alternative arts. It features many genres of music including rock, indie, hip hop, electronic and reggae, as well as art installations. The festival was shortlisted for 4 times at the European Festival Awards for the Best Medium Sized Festival Category, among other famous European names. On its past editions, the festival had confirmed names such as The Prodigy, Skrillex, Deadmau5, alt-J, Franz Ferdinand, Bring Me The Horizon, Fatboy Slim, Sigur Ros, Bastille, Rudimental, Thievery Corporation, Die Antwoord and many other artists that performed on one of its ten stages.

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Electronic music

Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments and circuitry-based music technology.

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Emerson Electric

The Emerson Electric Company is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Ferguson, Missouri, United States.

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Emil Boc

Emil Boc (born 6 September 1966) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 22 December 2008 until 6 February 2012 and is the current Mayor of Cluj-Napoca, the largest city of Transylvania, where he was first elected in June 2004.

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Emil Hațieganu

Emil Haţieganu (December 9, 1878—May 13, 1959) was a Romanian politician and jurist, a prominent member of the Romanian National Party (PNR) and of its successor, the National Peasants' Party (PNŢ); he was physician Iuliu Haţieganu's brother.

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Erdélyi Napló

Erdélyi Napló is a Hungarian language right-wing weekly published in Bihor, and distributed nationally throughout Transylvania.

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Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca

Eroilor Avenue ("Heroes' Avenue") is a central avenue in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, connecting the Avram Iancu and Unirii squares.

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Esplanade

An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk.

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania

The Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography (Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei; Erdélyi néprajzi múzeum) is situated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Ethnography

Ethnography (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos "folk, people, nation" and γράφω grapho "I write") is the systematic study of people and cultures.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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European Capitals and Cities of Sport Federation

The European Capitals and Cities of Sport Federation (ACES Europe) is a non-profit federation based in Brussels which has granted the awards of European Capital, City, Community and Town of Sport every year since 2001.

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European Festivals Awards

The European Festival Awards were initiated in 2010 by the European festival association Yourope and the festival website Virtual Festivals Europe.

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European route E576

European route E 576 is a secondary E-road found in northwestern Romania.

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European route E60

European route E 60 is the second longest E-road running from Brest, France (on the Atlantic coast), to Irkeshtam, Kyrgyzstan (on the border with People's Republic of China).

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European route E81

European route E 81 is a road part of the International E-road network.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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European Youth Capital

Italy Turin (2010) Belgium Antwerp (2011) Portugal Braga (2012) Slovenia Maribor (2013) Greece Thessaloniki (2014) Ganja (2016) The European Youth Capital (abbreviated EYC) is the title awarded to a European city for the period of one year, during which it is given the chance to showcase, through a multi-faceted programme, its youth-related cultural, social, political and economic life and development.

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Eurostat

Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg.

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Eurovision Song Contest 2005

The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the 50th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest.

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Evenimentul Zilei

Evenimentul zilei is one of the leading newspapers in Romania.

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Extreme sport

Extreme sports are recreational activities perceived as involving a high degree of risk.

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Șapte Seri

Şapte Seri ("Seven Evenings") is a free leaflet-sized weekly magazine about goings-on in Bucharest, Romania.

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Ștefan Luchian

Ștefan Luchian (last name also spelled Lukian; 1 February 1868 – 28 June 1916) was a Romanian painter, famous for his landscapes and still life works.

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Farmec

Farmec (meaning 'spell', 'charm', 'grace' in Romanian) is the largest cosmetics manufacturer in Romania.

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FashionTV

FashionTV is an international fashion and lifestyle broadcasting television channel.

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Fête de la Musique

The Fête de la Musique, also known as Music Day, Make Music Day or World Music Day, is an annual music celebration that takes place on 21 June.

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Făclia

Făclia (between 1989 and 2007 Adevărul de Cluj) is a daily newspaper published in Cluj-Napoca.

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Feleacu

Feleacu (Erdőfelek; Fleck) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Ferdinand Fellner

Ferdinand Fellner (April 19,1847 – March 22, 1916) was an Austrian architect.

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Ferenc Dávid

Ferenc Dávid (also rendered as Francis David or Francis Davidis) (born as Franz David Hertel, c.1520 – 15 November 1579) was a Unitarian preacher from Transylvania, the founder of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania, and the leading figure of the Nontrinitarian movements during the Protestant Reformation.

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Fin de siècle

Fin de siècle is a French term meaning end of the century, a term which typically encompasses both the meaning of the similar English idiom turn of the century and also makes reference to the closing of one era and onset of another.

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Financial centre

A financial centre is a location that is home to a cluster of nationally or internationally significant financial services providers such as banks, investment managers, or stock exchanges.

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Fizeșu Gherlii

Fizeşu Gherlii (Ördöngösfüzes; Teufelswald) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Flophouse

A flophouse (American English), doss-house, or dosshouse (British English) is a place that offers very cheap lodging, generally by providing only minimal services.

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Florești, Cluj

Florești (Szászfenes; Deutsch Branndorf) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Forensic science

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.

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Forest of the Hanged

Forest of the Hanged (Pădurea spânzuraților) is a 1964 Romanian drama film directed by Liviu Ciulei, and based on the eponymous novel by Liviu Rebreanu.

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Franz Anton Maulbertsch

Franz Anton Maulbertsch (7 June 1724 – 8 August 1796) was an Austrian painter and engraver, one of the most renowned exponents of roccoco painting in the German region.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.

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Franz Joseph University

Royal Hungarian Franz Joseph University (Magyar Királyi Ferenc József Tudományegyetem) was the second modern university in the Hungarian realm of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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FrieslandCampina

Royal FrieslandCampina N.V. is a Dutch multinational dairy cooperative which is based in Amersfoort, Netherlands.

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Gardianul

Gardianul ("The Guardian") was a Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest.

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Gazeta Sporturilor

Gazeta Sporturilor (Romanian for "The Sports Gazette") is a daily Romanian newspaper, and the country's largest and most read sports-related publication.

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Gáspár Heltai

Gáspár Heltai (born as Kaspar Helth) (c. 1490–1574) was a Transylvanian Saxon writer and printer.

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Gârbău, Cluj

Gârbău (Magyargorbó; Görbau) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Gendarmerie (Romania)

The Jandarmeria Română is a military police force of Romania tasked with high-risk and specialized law enforcement duties.

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Genpact

Genpact (NYSE: G) is a professional services firm with key offices in New York City, Palo Alto, London, Hyderabad, and Delhi.

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George Enescu Festival

The George Enescu Festival (also known as George Enescu International Festival and Competition), held in honor of the celebrated Romanian composer George Enescu, is the biggest classical music festival and classical international competition held in Romania and one of the biggest in Eastern Europe.

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Georges-Eugène Haussmann

Georges-Eugène Haussmann, commonly known as Baron Haussmann (27 March 180911 January 1891), was a prefect of the Seine Department of France chosen by Emperor Napoleon III to carry out a massive urban renewal program of new boulevards, parks and public works in Paris that is commonly referred to as Haussmann's renovation of Paris.

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Germans

Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.

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Gestapo

The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.

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Gheorghe Dima Music Academy

Gheorghe Dima Music Academy is an educational institution in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Gheorghe Funar

Gheorghe Funar (born September 29, 1949 in Sânnicolau Mare) is a nationalist Romanian politician, who rose to fame as a controversial mayor of Cluj-Napoca between 1992 and 2004.

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Gheorgheni, Cluj-Napoca

Gheorgheni is a district located in the east of Cluj-Napoca in Romania, built in the 1960s during the Ceausescu Regime with many green areas.

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Gherla

Gherla (Szamosújvár; Neuschloss) is a city in Cluj County, Romania (in the historical region of Transylvania).

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Gilău, Cluj

Gilău (Gyalu; Julmarkt or Gela) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Global Battle of the Bands

The Global Battle of the Bands (GBOB) is a live music competition joined by bands from all continents around the world.

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Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.

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Gothic art

Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture.

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Gothic Revival architecture

Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.

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Government of Romania

The Government of Romania (Guvernul României) forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania).

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Grădinile Mănăștur

Grădinile Mănăştur (Romanian for Mănăştur Gardens) is one of the districts of Cluj-Napoca in Romania, located around the street Calea Mănăştur.

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Greater Romania Party

The Greater Romania Party (Partidul România Mare, PRM) is a Romanian nationalist political party.

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Grigorescu, Cluj-Napoca

Grigorescu (previously called Donath) is a district in the north-west of Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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Grimus (band)

Grimus have recently won GBOB Romania 2007 12.

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Gruia, Cluj-Napoca

Gruia is a district of Cluj-Napoca in Romania, located on the Cetăţuia hill.

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Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

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Hadrian

Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138 AD) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.

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Handball

Handball (also known as team handball, fieldball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team.

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HBO

Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network of Home Box Office, Inc..

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Heavy metal music

Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.

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Henri Coandă International Airport

Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (Aeroportul Internațional Henri Coandă București) is Romania's busiest international airport, located in Otopeni, north of Bucharest's city centre.

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Herri met de Bles

Herri met de Bles (also known as Henri Blès, Herri de Dinant, Herry de Patinir, and Civetta) (c. 1510 – c. 1555–1560) was a Flemish Northern Renaissance and Mannerist landscape painter, native of Bouvignes or Dinant (present-day Belgium).

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Historical regions of Romania

The historical regions of Romania are located in Central and Southeastern Europe.

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Hoia Forest

The Hoia Forest (Pădurea Hoia; Hója-erdő) is a forest situated to the west of the city of Cluj-Napoca, near the open-air section of the Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania.

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Homelessness

Homelessness is the circumstance when people are without a permanent dwelling, such as a house or apartment.

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Horia Demian Sports Hall

Horia Demian Sports Hall ('Sala Sporturilor Horia Demian'), part of the city's Splaiul Independenţei sports complex, is a multi-use arena in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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House music

House music is a genre of electronic dance music created by club DJs and music producers in Chicago in the early 1980s.

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Huedin

Huedin (Bánffyhunyad,; Heynod; הוניוד or הוניאד) is a town in Cluj County, Romania.

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Humidity

Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air.

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Hungarian Cultural Days of Cluj

The Hungarian Cultural Days of Cluj (Hungarian: Kolozsvári Magyar Napok, Romanian: Zilele Culturale Maghiare din Cluj) is the largest Hungarian festival in Transylvania.

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Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1848

The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 ("1848–49 Revolution and War") was one of the many European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (1956-os forradalom or 1956-os felkelés), was a nationwide revolt against the Marxist-Leninist government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956.

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Hungarian Theatre of Cluj

The Hungarian State Theatre of Cluj (Kolozsvári Állami Magyar Színház; Teatrul Maghiar de Stat din Cluj) is a theatre in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and speak the Hungarian language.

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Hungarians in Romania

The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,227,623 people and making up 6.1% of the total population, according to the 2011 census.

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Hypermarket

In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore combining a supermarket and a department store.

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Icon

An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn "image") is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, from the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and certain Eastern Catholic churches.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Imperial and Royal

The German phrase kaiserlich und königlich (Imperial and Royal), typically abbreviated as k. u. k., k. und k., k. & k. in German (in all cases the "und" is always spoken unabbreviated), cs.

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Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.

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Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch

The Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW; "Indo-European Etymological Dictionary") was published in 1959 by the Austrian-German comparative linguist and Celtic languages expert Julius Pokorny.

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Informația Cluj

Informaţia Cluj is a Romanian language free daily newspaper published in Cluj-Napoca.

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Information technology

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

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InformationWeek

InformationWeek is a digital magazine which conducts corresponding face-to-face events, virtual events, and research.

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Insanity defense

The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is a defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for his or her actions due to an episodic or persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act.

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International E-road network

The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

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Interwar period

In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939.

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Iris (plant)

Iris is a genus of 260–300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers.

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Iris, Cluj-Napoca

Iris is a northern district of Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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Iron Maiden

Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris.

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Irshad Ashraf

Irshad Ashraf is a British documentary film maker with a reputation for making stylish, visually innovative documentary films about history, art and politics.

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Iuliu Hațieganu

Iuliu Hațieganu (April 14, 1885 in Dârja, Cluj County – September 4, 1959 in Cluj-Napoca) was a Romanian internist doctor particularly recognized for research done in the field of tuberculosis.

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Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie "Iuliu Hațieganu", or UMF Cluj) in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, is the oldest medical education institution in Transylvania, a continuation of the Faculty of Medicine which was founded in 1919, as a part of the Superior Dacia University.

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Iuliu Maniu Street, Cluj-Napoca

The Iuliu Maniu Street in Cluj-Napoca, named after the Romanian politician Iuliu Maniu, is a central street in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca, connecting the Avram Iancu and Unirii squares.

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Iulius Mall Cluj

Iulius Mall Cluj is a shopping mall in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and was opened on 10 November 2007.

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J'Adore (magazine)

J'Adore is a Romanian language free shopping magazine published since 2004 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, featuring local shopping interest.

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Jazz

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.

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János Bolyai

János Bolyai (15 December 1802 – 27 January 1860) or Johann Bolyai, was a Hungarian mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry — a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines.

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Józef Bem

Józef Zachariasz Bem (Bem József, Murat Pasha.; March 14, 1794, Tarnów – December 10, 1850, Aleppo) was a Polish engineer and general, an Ottoman pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure intertwined with other European patriotic movements.

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József Katona

József Katona (11 November 1791, Kecskemét – 16 April 1830, Kecskemét) was a Hungarian playwright and poet, creator of the Hungarian historical tragedy Bánk bán.

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Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin

Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin (23 March 1809 – 21 March 1864) was a 19th-century French painter.

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Jenő Janovics

Jenő Janovics (8 December 1872 – 16 November 1945) was a Hungarian film director, screenwriter and actor of the silent era.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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John Creamer & Stephane K

John Creamer & Stephane K are international DJs, and as a duo, a New York City-based electronic music and house music production team.

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Jolidon

Jolidon is a Romanian lingerie and swim suit manufacturer, founded in 1993 in Cluj-Napoca.

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Jucu

Jucu (Zsuk; Schucken) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Károly Lotz

Lotz Károly Antal Pál, or Karl Anton Paul Lotz (16 December 1833 – 13 October 1904) was a German-Hungarian painter.

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King of Hungary

The King of Hungary (magyar király) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.

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Košice

Košice is the largest city in eastern Slovakia and in 2013 was the European Capital of Culture (together with Marseille, France).

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Kolozs County

Kolozs County was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and of the Principality of Transylvania.

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Kolozsvár Ghetto

The Kolozsvár Ghetto was one of the lesser-known Jewish ghettos of the World War II era.

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Korçë

Korçë ((Korça), other names see below) is a city and municipality in southeastern Albania, and the seat of Korçë County.

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Korunk

Korunk (meaning Our Age in English) is a Hungarian language monthly cultural-literary-scientific magazine published in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Krónika

Krónika (Chronicle) is a Hungarian-language Romanian broadsheet newspaper, based in Cluj-Napoca.

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La Familia (rap group)

La Familia are a Romanian hip hop group from Sălăjan, Bucharest.

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Ladislaus I of Hungary

Ladislaus I or Ladislas I, also Saint Ladislaus or Saint Ladislas (I or Szent László; Ladislav I.; Svätý Ladislav I; Władysław I Święty; 1040 – 29 July 1095) was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091.

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Ladislaus III Kán

Ladislaus (III) Kán (? – before 13 May 1315) (Kán (III) László, Ladislau Kán al III-lea), was a Hungarian oligarch in the Kingdom of Hungary who ruled de facto independently Transylvania.

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Ladislaus IV of Hungary

Ladislaus the Cuman (IV., Ladislav IV., Ladislav IV.; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislas the Cuman, was king of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290.

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Lake Tarnița

Lake Tarnița (Lacul Tarnița) is a reservoir located in Cluj County, Romania, between the communes of Râșca, Mărișel and Gilău, west of Cluj-Napoca.

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Larger urban zone

The larger urban zone (LUZ), or Functional Urban Area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan areas in Europe and OECD countries.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Lăutari

The Romanian word Lăutar denotes a class of traditional musicians.

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Le Monde

Le Monde (The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper founded by Hubert Beuve-Méry at the request of Charles de Gaulle (as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic) on 19 December 1944, shortly after the Liberation of Paris, and published continuously since its first edition.

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Let Me Try

"Let Me Try" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Luminița Anghel and Romanian percussion band Sistem, consisting of Toth Zoltan, Mihai Ciprian Rogojan, Claudiu Purcărin, Robert Magheti and Florin Cătălin Romaşcu.

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Liga I

The Liga I (First League), also spelled Liga 1 (League One), is a Romanian professional league for men's association football clubs.

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Liga III

Liga III (also spelled Liga 3) is the third level of the Romanian football league system.

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Light rail

Light rail, light rail transit (LRT), or fast tram is a form of urban rail transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way.

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List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia

This is a list of ancient cities, towns, villages, and fortresses in and around Thrace and Dacia.

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List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia

This is a list of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia (Θρᾴκη, Δακία) including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes, and non-Thracian or non-Dacian tribes that inhabited the lands known as Thrace and Dacia.

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List of cities and towns in Romania

This is a list of cities and towns in Romania, ordered by population according to the 2002 and 2011 censuses.

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List of mayors of Cluj-Napoca

The following is a list of mayors of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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List of people from Cluj-Napoca

This is a list of people from Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Liviu Ciulei

Liviu Ciulei (7 July 1923 – 24 October 2011) was a Romanian theater and film director, film writer, actor, architect, educator, costume and set designer.

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Look Plus

Look Plus (formerly Transilvania L!VE) is a television channel from Romania, launched on December 19, 2011.

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Luca Giordano

Luca Giordano (18 October 1634 – 12 January 1705) was an Italian late Baroque painter and printmaker in etching.

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Luna Amară

Luna Amară is a Romanian rock band from Cluj-Napoca.

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Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.

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Madonna (art)

A Madonna is a representation of Mary, either alone or with her child Jesus.

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Magyar Party (Romania)

The Magyar Party (Országos Magyar Párt; Partidul Maghiar, PM, officially Partidul Naţional Maghiar) was a political party in post-World War I Romania.

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Magyarization

Magyarization (also Magyarisation, Hungarization, Hungarisation, Hungarianization, Hungarianisation), after "Magyar", the autonym of Hungarians, was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals came to adopt the Hungarian culture and language, either voluntarily or due to social pressure, often in the form of a coercive policy.

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Makati

Makati, officially the City of Makati (Lungsod ng Makati, Siyudad ng Makati), in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila.

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Manele

Manele (from Romanian, fem. sg. manea; pl. manele, the plural form being more common) is a music style from Romania.

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Mary, mother of Jesus

Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.

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Matthias Corvinus

Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I (Hunyadi Mátyás, Matija Korvin, Matia Corvin, Matej Korvín, Matyáš Korvín), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490.

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Matthias Corvinus House

The Matthias Corvinus House (Romanian: Casa Matei, Mátyás király szülőháza) is one of the oldest buildings in Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, Romania.

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Matthias Corvinus Monument

The Matthias Corvinus Monument (Monumentul Matia Corvin; Mátyás király emlékmű) is a monument in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Mănăștur

Mănăştur (Hungarian Kolozsmonostor; German Abtsdorf) is a district of the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca which has been a part of the city since 1895.

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Mărăști, Cluj-Napoca

Mărăști is one of the largest housing districts in the city of Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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Medieval Latin

Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange, as the liturgical language of Chalcedonian Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church, and as a language of science, literature, law, and administration.

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Metro AG

Metro AG, otherwise known as Metro Group, is a German global diversified retail and wholesale/cash and carry group based in Düsseldorf. It was established in 1964 by Ernst Schmidt and Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck., it was the fourth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Tesco).

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Metropolitan areas in Romania

There are 10 metropolitan areas in Romania that have been constituted as of 2013.

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Michael (archangel)

Michael (translit; translit; Michahel;ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ, translit) is an archangel in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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Michael the Brave

Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazu(l) or Mihai Bravu, Vitéz Mihály; 1558 – 9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593–1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and de facto ruler of Transylvania (1599–1600).

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.

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Mid-century modern

Mid-century modern is the design movement in interior, product, graphic design, architecture, and urban development from roughly 1945 to 1975.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Mihai Eminescu

Mihai Eminescu (born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet.

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Miklós Horthy

Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Vitéz"Vitéz" refers to a Hungarian knightly order founded by Miklós Horthy ("Vitézi Rend"); literally, "vitéz" means "knight" or "valiant".;; English: Nicholas Horthy; Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagybánya; 18 June 18689 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman, who became the Regent of Hungary.

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Milliarium of Aiton

Milliarium of Aiton is an ancient Roman milestone (milliarium) discovered in the 1758 in Aiton commune, near Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Miniature golf

Miniature golf, also known as minigolf, crazy golf, or putt-putt, is an offshoot of the sport of golf focusing solely on the putting aspect of its parent game.

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Minimal techno

Minimal Techno is a minimalist subgenre of techno music.

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Ministry of Health (Romania)

The Ministry of Health of Romania (Ministerul Sănătății) is one of the twenty one ministries of the Government of Romania.

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Modern architecture

Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a term applied to a group of styles of architecture which emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II.

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MOL (company)

MOL Group (Magyar OLaj- és Gázipari Részvénytársaság, Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company), commonly known as MOL, is a Hungarian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Budapest, Hungary.

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Monitorul de Cluj

Monitorul de Cluj is a Romanian language daily newspaper published in Cluj-Napoca.

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MTV (Romania)

MTV România, is the Romanian branch of MTV, is a national channel in Romania.

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Municipiu

A municipiu (from Latin municipium; English: municipality) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova, roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking countries.

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Municipium

Municipium (pl. municipia) was the Latin term for a town or city.

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Nadăș River (Someș)

The Nadăș River (Nádas) is a left tributary of the river Someșul Mic in Romania.

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Namur

Namur (Dutch:, Nameur in Walloon) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.

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National Institute of Statistics (Romania)

The National Institute of Statistics (Institutul Naţional de Statistică (INS)) is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national statistics, in fields such as geography, the economy, demographics and society.

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National Liberal Party (Romania)

The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) is a national liberal and conservative-liberal political party in Romania.

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National Museum of Transylvanian History

The National Museum of Transylvanian History (Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei) is a history and archaeology museum in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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National Peasants' Party

The National Peasants' Party (Partidul Național Țărănesc or PNȚ) was a Romanian political party, formed in 1926 through the fusion of the Romanian National Party (Partidul Național Român) from Transylvania and the Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc) from the prewar kingdom.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Net migration rate

The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year.

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NewYorker

NewYorker, legally NewYorker Group Services International GmbH & Co.KG, is a German clothing retailer headquartered in Braunschweig that primarily addresses the target group of 12- to 39-year-olds.

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Nicolae Grigorescu

Nicolae Grigorescu (15 May 1838 – 21 July 1907) was one of the founders of modern Romanian painting.

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Nicolae Iorga

Nicolae Iorga (sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.

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Night game

A night game, also called a nighter, is a sporting event that takes place, completely or partially, after the local sunset.

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Nightclub

A nightclub, music club or club, is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night.

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Nightlife

Nightlife is a collective term for entertainment that is available and generally more popular from the late evening into the early hours of the morning.

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Nightlosers

Nightlosers is a Romanian ethno-jazz-blues band.

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Ningbo

Ningbo, formerly written Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province in China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.

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Nokia

Nokia is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865.

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Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics

The Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS; French: Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes.

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Nord-Vest (development region)

Nord-Vest is a development region in Romania, created in 1998.

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Northern Transylvania

Northern Transylvania (Transilvania de Nord, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Octavian Goga

Octavian Goga (1 April 1881 – 7 May 1938) was a Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator.

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Office Depot

Office Depot, Inc. is an American office supply retailing company headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida, United States.

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Oktoberfest

Oktoberfest is the world's largest Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair).

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Oradea

Oradea (Großwardein, Nagyvárad, Hungarian pronunciation:, colloquially also Várad, former Varat, גרויסווארדיין Groysvardeyn) the capital city of Bihor County and Crișana region, is one of the important centers of economic, social and cultural development in the western part of Romania, retaining these characteristics throughout history.

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Orthodoxy

Orthodoxy (from Greek ὀρθοδοξία orthodoxía "right opinion") is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Pachanga

Pachanga is a genre of music which is described as a mixture of son montuno and merengue and has an accompanying signature style of dance.

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Paintball

Paintball is a competitive team shooting sport in which players eliminate opponents from play by hitting them with spherical dye-filled gelatin capsules ("paintballs") that break upon impact.

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Palace of Justice, Cluj-Napoca

The Palace of Justice in Cluj-Napoca, on Dorobanţilor Street, no.2, is an eclectic structure, built between 1898 and 1902, after the plans of the association Epitotarsasag, Kotsis, Smiel, Fodor es Reisinger.

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Palace of Versailles

The Palace of Versailles (Château de Versailles;, or) was the principal residence of the Kings of France from Louis XIV in 1682 until the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789.

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Paprika Rádió

Paprika Rádió is a Hungarian language radio station broadcasting in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Paris Peace Treaties, 1947

The Paris Peace Treaties (Traité de Paris) was signed on 10 February 1947, as the outcome of the Paris Peace Conference, held from 29 July to 15 October 1946.

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Pathé

Pathé or Pathé Frères (styled as PATHÉ!) is the name of various French businesses that were founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France starting in 1896.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or particular branches of Islam, is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person.

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Pécs

Pécs (known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia.

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Pentecostalism

Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement"Spirit and Power: A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals",.

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Performing arts

Performing arts are a form of art in which artists use their voices or bodies, often in relation to other objects, to convey artistic expression.

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Peri-urbanisation

Peri-urbanisation relates to those processes of dispersive urban growth that creates hybrid landscapes of fragmented urban and rural characteristics.

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Personal union

A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct.

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Petreștii de Jos

Petreștii de Jos (Magyarpeterd; Ungarisch-Petersdorf) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Plague (disease)

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Plump DJs

Plump DJs are an English dance music duo consisting of Lee Rous and Andy Gardner, considered to be early pioneers of the breakbeat genre in late 90's.

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Poles

The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.

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Politics of Cluj-Napoca

The last general local election was held on 1 June 2008.

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Polus Center Cluj

Polus Center Cluj is a shopping mall located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania which opened on October 12, 2007.

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Postal codes in Romania

Four-digit postal codes were first introduced in Romania in 1974.

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Pound sterling

The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), commonly known as the pound and less commonly referred to as Sterling, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and Tristan da Cunha.

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Praktiker

Praktiker is an international chain offering home improvement and do-it-yourself goods operating in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Greece and Bulgaria.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

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Prefect (Romania)

A prefect (prefect) in Romania represents the Government in each of the country's 41 counties, as well as the Municipality of Bucharest.

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Preschool

A preschool, also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, playschool or kindergarten, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school.

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Prime Minister of Romania

The Prime Minister of the Government of Romania (Prim-ministrul Guvernului României) is the head of the Government of Romania.

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Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)

The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 Grand Principality of Transylvania, was an Austrian crownland, 1860, Chambers's Encyclopaedia based on Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, 10th Edition and realm of the Hungarian Crown ruled by the Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs of the Habsburg Monarchy (later Austrian Empire). During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian government proclaimed union with Transylvania in the April Laws of 1848 (after the Transylvanian Diet's confirmation on 30 May and the king's approval on 10 June that Transylvania again become an integral part of Hungary, an initiative rejected by the Romanians and Saxons who formed the majority population of Transylvania). After the failure of the revolution, the March Constitution of Austria decreed that the Principality of Transylvania be a separate crown land entirely independent of Hungary. In 1867, as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, the principality was reunited with Hungary proper.

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Prison Fellowship

Prison Fellowship is the world's largest Christian ministry to prisoners.

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Project MUSE

Project MUSE, a non-profit collaboration between libraries and publishers, is an online database of peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books.

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Promagistrate

In ancient Rome a promagistrate (pro magistratu) was an ex consul or ex praetor whose imperium (the power to command an army) was extended at the end of his annual term of office or later.

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ProSport

ProSport was a daily Romanian newspaper, the country's 2nd largest and most read sports-related publication after Gazeta Sporturilor.

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Protestant Theological Institute of Cluj

The Protestant Theological Institute (Institutul Teologic Protestant; Protestáns Teológiai Intézet; Protestantisch-Theologisches Institut) is a Protestant seminary and private university in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Province of Parma

The Province of Parma (Provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.

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Public transport

Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, or mass transit) is transport of passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip.

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Punk rock

Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.

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Radio Cluj

Radio Cluj is a Romanian public radio station from Cluj-Napoca, broadcasting throughout Transylvania.

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Radio Impuls

Radio Impuls is a Top40/Hit Radio Romanian language station broadcasting in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Raiffeisen Bank (Romania)

Raiffeisen Bank is a top universal bank on the Romanian market, providing a complete range of products and services to private individuals, SMEs and large corporations via multiple distribution channels: banking outlets (more than 350 throughout the country), ATM and EPOS networks, phone-banking (Raiffeisen Direct) and mobile-banking (myBanking).

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Raoul Șorban

Raoul Șorban (September 4, 1912 - July 19, 2006) was a Romanian painter, journalist, writer, essayist, art historian, academic, and memoirist.

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Rate of natural increase

Within the study of demography, the rate of natural increase (RNI) is classified as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Reformation

The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.

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Reformed Church in Romania

The Reformed Church in Romania (Romániai Református Egyház; Biserica Reformată din România) is the organization of the Calvinist church in Romania.

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Regele Ferdinand Avenue, Cluj-Napoca

Regele Ferdinand Avenue (named after King Ferdinand I; previously called Strada Podului), is a street in central Cluj-Napoca, Romania, featuring a wide range of structures built between 18th and 19th centuries.

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Renaissance architecture

Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.

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Rhythm and blues

Rhythm and blues, commonly abbreviated as R&B, is a genre of popular music that originated in African American communities in the 1940s.

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Richard Linklater

Richard Stuart Linklater (born July 30, 1960) is an American filmmaker and actor.

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Ringier

Ringier AG is a media group in Switzerland.

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Roads in Romania

Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows.

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Robert Bosch GmbH

Robert Bosch GmbH, or Bosch, is a German multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany.

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Rockford, Illinois

Rockford is the third largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois, the 171st most populous city in the United States, the largest city in Illinois outside the Chicago metropolitan area, and the city of the 148th most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

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Rococo

Rococo, less commonly roccoco, or "Late Baroque", was an exuberantly decorative 18th-century European style which was the final expression of the baroque movement.

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Rogers Brubaker

Rogers Brubaker (born 1956) is professor of sociology at University of California, Los Angeles and UCLA Foundation Chair.

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Roman Dacia

Roman Dacia (also Dacia Traiana "Trajan Dacia" or Dacia Felix "Fertile/Happy Dacia") was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 274–275 AD.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Romani people

The Romani (also spelled Romany), or Roma, are a traditionally itinerant ethnic group, living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern Indian subcontinent, from the Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Sindh regions of modern-day India and Pakistan.

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Romani people in Romania

Romani people (Roma in Romani; Țigani in Romanian) in Romania, Gypsy, constitute one of the country's largest minorities.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romanian Academy

The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866.

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Romanian Football Federation

The Romanian Football Federation (Federația Română de Fotbal) is Romania's football governing body.

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Romanian Greek Catholic Church

The Romanian Greek Catholic Church or Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică) is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church, in full union with the Roman Catholic Church.

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Romanian Land Forces

The Romanian Land Forces (Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces.

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Romanian language

Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.

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Romanian leu

The Romanian leu (plural lei; ISO 4217 code RON; numeric code 946) is the currency of Romania.

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Romanian local elections, 2012

Local elections have been held in Romania on 10 June 2012.

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Romanian National Opera, Bucharest

The Romanian National Opera, Bucharest (Opera Naţională București) is one of the national opera and ballet companies of Romania.

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Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca

The Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca (Opera Naţională Română din Cluj-Napoca) is one of the national opera and ballet companies of Romania.

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Romanian National Opera, Iași

The Romanian National Opera, Iași (Opera Naţională Română din Iași) is a public opera and ballet institution in Iași, Romania.

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Romanian National Opera, Timișoara

The Romanian National Opera, Timișoara (Opera Națională Română din Timișoara) is a public opera and ballet institution in Timișoara, Romania.

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Romanian National Unity Party

The Romanian National Unity Party (Partidul Unităţii Naţionale a Românilor, PUNR) was a nationalist political party in Romania between 1990 and 2006.

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Romanian Orthodox Church

The Romanian Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă Română) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches and ranked seventh in order of precedence.

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Romanian Police

The Romanian Police (Poliția Română) is the national police force and main civil law enforcement agency in Romania.

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Romanian Revolution

The Romanian Revolution (Revoluția Română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania in December 1989 and part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries.

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Romanian Statistical Yearbook

The Romanian Statistical Yearbook (Anuarul Statistic al României) is an annual publication of the National Institute of Statistics that presents data about the economic and social situation in Romania.

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Romanianization

Romanianization (or Rumanianization or Rumanization) was the series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century.

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Romanians

The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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România Liberă

România liberă ("") is one of the leading newspapers in Romania, based in Bucharest.

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Romtelecom

Romtelecom was the largest telecommunications company in Romania; the majority of shares were held by the Greek telecommunications company OTE (54.01% of shares).

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Romulus Vereș

Romulus Vereş (Cluj, January 23, 1929 – Ştei, December 13, 1993) was a notorious Romanian serial killer, better known as "The Man with the Hammer".

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Rotherham

Rotherham is a large town in South Yorkshire, England, which together with its conurbation and outlying settlements to the north, south and south-east forms the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, with a recorded population of 257,280 in the 2011 census.

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Roxette

Roxette are a Swedish pop rock duo, consisting of Marie Fredriksson (vocals and keyboards) and Per Gessle (vocals and guitar).

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Rugby union

Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.

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Sasha (Welsh DJ)

Alexander Paul Coe (born 4 September 1969) is a British DJ, record producer and Grammy Award nominee.

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Satoshi Tomiie

is a Japanese DJ, record producer and musician.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.

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Săptămâna Clujeană

Săptămâna Clujeană is a Romanian language financial weekly newspaper published in Cluj-Napoca.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Science park

A science park (also called a "university research park", or a "science and technology park") is defined as being a property-based development that accommodates and fosters the growth of tenant firms and that are affiliated with a university (or a government and private research bodies) based on proximity, ownership, and/or governance.

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Scorpions (band)

Scorpions are a German rock band formed in 1965 in Hanover by Rudolf Schenker.

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Second Vienna Award

The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

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Selgros

Selgros is a large cash & carry company in Europe, owned by Transgourmet Holding, a wholly owned subsidiary of Coop (Switzerland).

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Sibiu

Sibiu (antiquated Sibiiu; Hermannstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Härmeschtat, Nagyszeben) is a city in Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 147,245.

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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 in Nuremberg – 9 December 1437 in Znaim, Moravia) was Prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419, King of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.

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Sigma Towers

Sigma Towers is a proposed building project situated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, which would comprise two 35 floor towers linked by a 4 floor commercial centre, another two buildings of 7 and 5 floors and a 3 floor parking building.

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Sister city

Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.

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Ski resort

A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports.

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Slavic languages

The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.

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Smokie (band)

Smokie (originally spelt Smokey) are an English rock band from Bradford, Yorkshire.

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Snowmaking

Snowmaking is the production of snow by forcing water and pressurized air through a "snow gun," also known as a "snow cannon", on ski slopes.

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Social Democratic Party (Romania)

The Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania.

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Socialist Republic of Romania

The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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Someșeni

Someşeni (Hungarian: Szamosfalva) is a district of Cluj-Napoca city, Cluj County, Romania.

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Someșul Mic River

The Someșul Mic River (Little Someș, Hungarian: Kis-Szamos) is a river in north-western Romania (Cluj County).

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Sound change

Sound change includes any processes of language change that affect pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change).

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South Carolina

South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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St. Michael's Church, Cluj-Napoca

The St. Michael's Church (Biserica Sfântul Mihail, Szent Mihály-templom) is a Gothic-style Roman Catholic church in Cluj-Napoca.

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Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu

Dr.

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Stadionul Ion Moina (1911)

Ion Moina Stadium was a multi-use stadium in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Stadionul Victoria Someșeni

Stadionul Victoria Someșeni, also known as Baza Sportivă Ardealul, is a multi-use stadium in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Stephen Báthory

Stephen Báthory (Báthory István; Stefan Batory; Steponas Batoras; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–76), Prince of Transylvania (1576–86), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and jure uxoris King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586).

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Stephen I of Hungary

Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen (Szent István király; Sanctus Stephanus; Štefan I. or Štefan Veľký; 975 – 15 August 1038 AD), was the last Grand Prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the first King of Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until his death in 1038.

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Stephen V of Hungary

Stephen V (V., Stjepan V., Štefan V; before 18 October 1239 – 6 August 1272, Csepel Island) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260.

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Street children

Street children are children experiencing poverty, homelessness or both, who are living on the streets of a city, town, or village.

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Street racing

Street racing is typically an unsanctioned and illegal form of auto racing that occurs on a public road.

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Sugababes

The Sugababes are a British girl group formed in 1998 by Siobhán Donaghy, Mutya Buena and Keisha Buchanan.

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Supplex Libellus Valachorum

Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae (Latin for Petition of the Romanians of Transylvania) is the name of two petitions sent by the leaders of the ethnic Romanians of Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, demanding equal political rights with the other ethnicities of Transylvania and a share of the Transylvanian Diet proportional to their population.

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Surface lift

A surface lift is a means of cable transport that transports skiers and snowboarders, in which riders remain on the ground as they are pulled uphill.

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Suwon

Suwon (Hangul: 수원, Hanja: 水原) is the capital and largest metropolis of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as "The City of Filial Piety". With a population close to 1.2 million, it is larger than Ulsan, although it is not governed as a metropolitan city. Suwon has existed in various forms throughout Korea's history, growing from a small settlement to become a major industrial and cultural center. It is the only remaining completely walled city in South Korea. The city walls are one of the more popular tourist destinations in Gyeonggi Province. Samsung Electronics R&D center and headquarters are in Suwon. The city is served by two motorways, the national railway network, and the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. Suwon is a major educational center, home to 11 universities. Suwon is home to football club Suwon Samsung Bluewings, which have won the K League on four occasions and AFC Champions League twice. The KT Wiz of the Korea Baseball Organization also plays in Suwon.

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Systematization (Romania)

Systematisation (Sistematizarea) in Romania was a program of urban planning carried out by the Socialist Republic of Romania under the leadership of Nicolae Ceaușescu.

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Szabadság

Szabadság (Freedom) is a Hungarian-language local daily newspaper published in Kolozsvár/Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Széki Palace, Cluj-Napoca

The Széki Palace in Cluj-Napoca is a Gothic Revival building on the shore of Someşul Mic River.

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Szeged

Szeged (see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád county.

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Tatars

The Tatars (татарлар, татары) are a Turkic-speaking peoples living mainly in Russia and other Post-Soviet countries.

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Târgu Mureș

Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely) is the seat of Mureș County in the north-central part of Romania.

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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (UTC-N short for Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca) is a public university located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

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Telephone numbers in Romania

The dialling plan for mobile networks (numbers starting with 07) and new landline operators (numbers starting with 03) is closed; all subscriber numbers must be dialled in full.

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Terapia Ranbaxy

Terapia S.A. is a Romanian pharmaceutical company founded in 1920.

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The American Historical Review

The American Historical Review is the official publication of the American Historical Association.

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The Cheeky Girls

The Cheeky Girls are a Romanian-born British-based pop duo consisting of twin sisters Gabriela and Monica Irimia, originally from Cluj-Napoca.

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The Final Frontier World Tour

The Final Frontier World Tour was a concert tour by Iron Maiden in support of the band's 15th album, The Final Frontier, which began on 9 June 2010 in Dallas and ended in London, England on 6 August 2011.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.

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The Outpost (film)

The Outpost (A részleg, internationally also known as The Section) is a 1995 Hungarian drama film directed by Péter Gothár.

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Timo Maas

Timo Maas (born July 27, 1969, Bückeburg, West Germany) is a German DJ/producer and remixer whose career in electronic music spans well over 30 years.

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Toamna Muzicală Clujeană

Toamna Muzicală Clujeană (Romanian for Cluj Musical Autumn) is a classical music festival organised since 1965, by the Transylvania Philharmonic in Cluj-Napoca.

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Trajan

Trajan (Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajanus Divi Nervae filius Augustus; 18 September 538August 117 AD) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117AD.

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Tram

A tram (also tramcar; and in North America streetcar, trolley or trolley car) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way.

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Transfiguration Cathedral, Cluj-Napoca

The Transfiguration Cathedral (Catedrala Schimbarea la Faţă), also known as the Minorites' Church (Biserica Minoriţilor, Kolozsvári minorita templom), was donated in 1924 by the Holy See to the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church to serve as the Cathedral of the Cluj-Gherla Eparchy, after the move of the Eparchy's center from Gherla to Cluj.

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Transilvania International Film Festival

The Transilvania International Film Festival (TIFF; Festivalul internațional de film Transilvania) is the first international feature film festival in Romania, which is held annually in the historic capital of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra

The Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra of Cluj-Napoca has grown to be a valuable institution of music, having a sustained presence in the Romanian and European cultural space.

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Transylvanian Memorandum

The Transylvanian Memorandum was a petition sent in 1892 by the leaders of the Romanians of Transylvania to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor-King Franz Joseph, asking for equal ethnic rights with the Hungarians, and demanding an end to persecutions and Magyarization attempts.

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Transylvanian Saxons

The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Såksen; Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni; Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) from the mid 12th century until the late Modern Age (specifically mid 19th century).

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Treaty of Karlowitz

The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci, in modern-day Serbia, concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–97 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta.

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Treaty of Trianon

The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement of 1920 that formally ended World War I between most of the Allies of World War I and the Kingdom of Hungary, the latter being one of the successor states to Austria-Hungary.

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Trinity

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from Greek τριάς and τριάδα, from "threefold") holds that God is one but three coeternal consubstantial persons or hypostases—the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit—as "one God in three Divine Persons".

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Trolleybus

A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram Joyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). British Trolleybus Systems, pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing.. or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK). Republished 2004 with or 9780753709702.) is an electric bus that draws power from overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded trolley poles.

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Tunisian people

Tunisian people or Tunisians (Twensa توانسة), are a Maghrebi ethnic group and nation native to Maghreb, primarily Tunisia who speak Tunisian Darja and share a common Tunisian culture and identity.

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Turda

Turda (Thorenburg; Torda; Potaissa) is a city and Municipality in Cluj County, Romania, situated on the Arieș River.

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Tureni

Tureni (Tordatúr) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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TVR Cluj

TVR Cluj is public regional TV station available in Transylvania and Maramureş.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Unio Trium Nationum

Unio Trium Nationum (Latin for "Union of the Three Nations") was a pact of mutual aid codified in 1438 by three Estates of Transylvania: the (largely Hungarian) nobility, the Saxon (German) patrician class, and the free military Székelys.

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Union of Transylvania with Romania

The Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on by the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia.

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Unirii Square, Cluj-Napoca

Piața Unirii (Romanian for Union Square) is the largest and most important squares in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca.

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Unitarian Church of Transylvania

The Unitarian Church of Transylvania (Erdélyi Unitárius Egyház; Biserica Unitariană din Transilvania) is a church of the Unitarian denomination, based in the city of Cluj, Transylvania, Romania.

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Unitarianism

Unitarianism (from Latin unitas "unity, oneness", from unus "one") is historically a Christian theological movement named for its belief that the God in Christianity is one entity, as opposed to the Trinity (tri- from Latin tres "three") which defines God as three persons in one being; the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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Uniting Nations

Uniting Nations were a British dance act formed in Liverpool in 2004.

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University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca

The University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (USAMVCN), Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca) in Cluj-Napoca is a university in Romania. With around 6,000 students, the university offers 21 undergraduate programs; all are available in Romanian, 2 in French and 1 in English. Additionally, the University offers 23 Master programs (20 in Romanian, 2 in English and 1 in French).

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University of Texas Press

The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.

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Untold Festival

Untold Festival is the largest annual electronic music festival held in Romania, taking place in Cluj-Napoca at Central Park, with the main stage at Cluj Arena.

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Urban legend

An urban legend, urban myth, urban tale, or contemporary legend is a form of modern folklore.

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Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change.

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Ursus Breweries

Ursus Breweries, a subsidiary of Asahi Breweries Europe Ltd., is the beer market leader in Romania.

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Valdivia

Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia.

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Vehicle registration plates of Romania

The most common format for vehicle registration plates in Romania consists of black letters on white background in the format CC 123 ABC, where CC is a one- or two-letter county code, 123 is a two- or three-digit group (with a leading zero for groups of two), and ABC is a three-letter group.

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Victor Babeș

Victor Babeș (28 July 1854 in Vienna – 19 October 1926 in Bucharest) was a Romanian physician, bacteriologist, academician and professor.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Visual arts

The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.

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Viterbo

Viterbo (Viterbese: Veterbe, Viterbium) is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.

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Voivode

VoivodeAlso spelled "voievod", "woiwode", "voivod", "voyvode", "vojvoda", or "woiwod" (Old Slavic, literally "war-leader" or "warlord") is an Eastern European title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force.

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Vultureni, Cluj

Vultureni (Borsaújfalu) is a commune in Cluj County, Romania.

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Water polo

Water polo is a competitive team sport played in the water between two teams.

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Weir

A weir or low head dam is a barrier across the horizontal width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level.

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World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 Member States and Territories.

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Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish/idish, "Jewish",; in older sources ייִדיש-טײַטש Yidish-Taitsh, Judaeo-German) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.

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Yves Larock

Yves "Larock" Cheminade (July 18, 1977) is a Swiss DJ and producer.

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Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of Croatia.

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Zhengzhou

Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China.

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Ziarul Financiar

Ziarul Financiar is a daily financial newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania.

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Zionism

Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת Tsiyyonut after Zion) is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Canaan, the Holy Land, or the region of Palestine).

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Ziua

Ziua (The Day in Romanian) was a major Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest.

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Zorilor

Zorilor is a southern district of Cluj-Napoca in Romania.

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2007–08 Liga I

The 2007–08 Liga I was the ninety season of Liga I, the top-level football league of Romania.

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2009–10 Liga I

The 2009–10 Liga I was the ninety-second season of Liga I, the top-level football league of Romania.

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CJ-N, Clausenburg, Clausenburgh, Cluj, Cluj (city), Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania, Cluj, Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Cluj-napoca, Clup-Napoca, Geography of Cluj-Napoca, Klausenberg, Klausenburg, Kluj, Kolosvar, Kolozavàr, Kolozsvar, Kolozsvár.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluj-Napoca

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