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20 relations: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, Arginine, Codon usage bias, Genetic code, Glutamic acid, Hydrophile, Hydrophobe, Inosine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Methionine, Neutral theory of molecular evolution, Point mutation, Serine, Synonymous substitution, Transfer RNA, Transition (genetics), Transversion, Tryptophan, Wobble base pair.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called tRNA-ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA.
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Arginine
Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Codon usage bias
Codon usage bias refers to differences in the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA.
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Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
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Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
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Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
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Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule (known as a hydrophobe) that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water.
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Inosine
Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
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Isoleucine
Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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Neutral theory of molecular evolution
The neutral theory of molecular evolution holds that at the molecular level most evolutionary changes and most of the variation within and between species is not caused by natural selection but by genetic drift of mutant alleles that are neutral.
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Point mutation
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.
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Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Synonymous substitution
A synonymous substitution (often called a silent substitution though they are not always silent) is the evolutionary substitution of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that the produced amino acid sequence is not modified.
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Transition (genetics)
In genetics, a transition is a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G) or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T).
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Transversion
Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to the substitution of a (two ring) purine for a (one ring) pyrimidine or vice versa, in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Wobble base pair
A wobble base pair is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules that does not follow Watson-Crick base pair rules.
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