We are working to restore the Unionpedia app on the Google Play Store
OutgoingIncoming
🌟We've simplified our design for better navigation!
Instagram Facebook X LinkedIn

Coenzyme A

Index Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 83 relations: Abiogenesis, Acetoacetyl-CoA, Acetyl-CoA, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, Acyl carrier protein, Acyl group, Acyl-CoA, Adenosine triphosphate, Adenylylation, Adrenaline, Allosteric regulation, Amino acid, Anabolism, Benzoyl-CoA, Beverly Guirard, Biotin, Butyryl-CoA, Carbohydrate, Carboxylation, Carboxylic acid, Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase, Catabolism, Cholesterol, Citric acid cycle, COASY, Cofactor (biochemistry), Coumaroyl-CoA, Crotonyl-CoA, Cysteine, Cytoplasm, Dephospho-CoA kinase, Dicarboxylic acid, Dithiothreitol, Escherichia coli, Ester, Fatty acid, Fatty acid synthesis, Fatty acyl-CoA esters, Flavonoid, Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, Fritz Albert Lipmann, Genome, Glucagon, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Glycolysis, Harvard Medical School, Heme, HMG-CoA, Insulin, Lipid, ... Expand index (33 more) »

  2. Coenzymes

Abiogenesis

Abiogenesis is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.

See Coenzyme A and Abiogenesis

Acetoacetyl-CoA

Acetoacetyl CoA is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis.

See Coenzyme A and Acetoacetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Coenzyme A and Acetyl-CoA are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA through its two catalytic activities, biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT).

See Coenzyme A and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Acyl carrier protein

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis machinery.

See Coenzyme A and Acyl carrier protein

Acyl group

In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids.

See Coenzyme A and Acyl group

Acyl-CoA

Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes that metabolize carboxylic acids. Coenzyme A and Acyl-CoA are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Acyl-CoA

Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Coenzyme A and Adenosine triphosphate are coenzymes.

See Coenzyme A and Adenosine triphosphate

Adenylylation

Adenylylation, more commonly known as AMPylation, is a process in which an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to the amino acid side chain of a protein.

See Coenzyme A and Adenylylation

Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).

See Coenzyme A and Adrenaline

Allosteric regulation

In the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology an allosteric regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein's activity, either enhancing or inhibiting its function.

See Coenzyme A and Allosteric regulation

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

See Coenzyme A and Amino acid

Anabolism

Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units. Coenzyme A and Anabolism are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Anabolism

Benzoyl-CoA

Benzoyl-CoA is the thioester derived from benzoic acid and coenzyme A. The term benzoyl-CoA also include diverse conjugates of coenzyme A and aromatic carboxylic acids.

See Coenzyme A and Benzoyl-CoA

Beverly Guirard

Beverly Marie Guirard was a microbiologist who worked on the biochemistry of microbial growth, especially with respect to vitamin B6.

See Coenzyme A and Beverly Guirard

Biotin

Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins.

See Coenzyme A and Biotin

Butyryl-CoA

Butyryl-CoA (or butyryl-coenzyme A, butanoyl-CoA) is an organic coenzyme A-containing derivative of butyric acid.

See Coenzyme A and Butyryl-CoA

Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).

See Coenzyme A and Carbohydrate

Carboxylation

Carboxylation is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is produced by treating a substrate with carbon dioxide.

See Coenzyme A and Carboxylation

Carboxylic acid

In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group attached to an R-group.

See Coenzyme A and Carboxylic acid

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (also called carnitine palmitoyltransferase) is a mitochondrial transferase enzyme involved in the metabolism of palmitoylcarnitine into palmitoyl-CoA.

See Coenzyme A and Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

Catabolism

Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Coenzyme A and Catabolism are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Catabolism

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

See Coenzyme A and Cholesterol

Citric acid cycle

The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

See Coenzyme A and Citric acid cycle

COASY

Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase is an enzyme that in mammals is encoded by the COASY gene that catalyses the synthesis of coenzyme A from 4'-phosphopantetheine.

See Coenzyme A and COASY

Cofactor (biochemistry)

A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).

See Coenzyme A and Cofactor (biochemistry)

Coumaroyl-CoA

Coumaroyl-coenzyme A is the thioester of coenzyme-A and coumaric acid.

See Coenzyme A and Coumaroyl-CoA

Crotonyl-CoA

Crotonyl-coenzyme A is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Coenzyme A and Crotonyl-CoA are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Crotonyl-CoA

Cysteine

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula. Coenzyme A and Cysteine are thiols.

See Coenzyme A and Cysteine

Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.

See Coenzyme A and Cytoplasm

Dephospho-CoA kinase

In enzymology, a dephospho-CoA kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and dephospho-CoA, whereas its two products are ADP and CoA.

See Coenzyme A and Dephospho-CoA kinase

Dicarboxylic acid

In organic chemistry, a dicarboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two carboxyl groups.

See Coenzyme A and Dicarboxylic acid

Dithiothreitol

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is an organosulfur compound with the formula. Coenzyme A and Dithiothreitol are thiols.

See Coenzyme A and Dithiothreitol

Escherichia coli

Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.

See Coenzyme A and Escherichia coli

Ester

In chemistry, an ester is a functional group derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group of that acid is replaced by an organyl group.

See Coenzyme A and Ester

Fatty acid

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.

See Coenzyme A and Fatty acid

Fatty acid synthesis

In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. Coenzyme A and fatty acid synthesis are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Fatty acid synthesis

Fatty acyl-CoA esters

Fatty acyl-CoA esters are fatty acid derivatives formed of one fatty acid, a 3'-phospho-AMP linked to phosphorylated pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine.

See Coenzyme A and Fatty acyl-CoA esters

Flavonoid

Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word flavus, meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans.

See Coenzyme A and Flavonoid

Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are tetrahydrofolate, CO2, NADPH, and H+.

See Coenzyme A and Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase

Fritz Albert Lipmann

Fritz Albert Lipmann (June 12, 1899 – July 24, 1986) was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 (shared with Hans Adolf Krebs).

See Coenzyme A and Fritz Albert Lipmann

Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

See Coenzyme A and Genome

Glucagon

Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas.

See Coenzyme A and Glucagon

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated GAPDH) is an enzyme of about 37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules.

See Coenzyme A and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).

See Coenzyme A and Glycolysis

Harvard Medical School

Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the medical school of Harvard University and is located in the Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts.

See Coenzyme A and Harvard Medical School

Heme

Heme (American English), or haem (Commonwealth English, both pronounced /hi:m/), is a ring-shaped iron-containing molecular component of hemoglobin, which is necessary to bind oxygen in the bloodstream.

See Coenzyme A and Heme

HMG-CoA

β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, is an intermediate in the mevalonate and ketogenesis pathways.

See Coenzyme A and HMG-CoA

Insulin

Insulin (from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene.

See Coenzyme A and Insulin

Lipid

Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

See Coenzyme A and Lipid

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS).

See Coenzyme A and Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine

The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, informally known as the Lister Institute, was established as a research institute (the British Institute of Preventive Medicine) in 1891, with bacteriologist Marc Armand Ruffer as its first director, using a grant of £250,000 from Edward Cecil Guinness of the Guinness family.

See Coenzyme A and Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine

Lithium

Lithium is a chemical element; it has symbol Li and atomic number 3.

See Coenzyme A and Lithium

Malonyl-CoA

Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid. Coenzyme A and Malonyl-CoA are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Malonyl-CoA

Massachusetts General Hospital

Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is a teaching hospital located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.

See Coenzyme A and Massachusetts General Hospital

Mitochondrion

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.

See Coenzyme A and Mitochondrion

Molar absorption coefficient

In chemistry, the molar absorption coefficient or molar attenuation coefficient is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs, and thereby attenuates, light at a given wavelength.

See Coenzyme A and Molar absorption coefficient

Nathan O. Kaplan

Nathan Oram Kaplan (June 25, 1917 – April 15, 1986) was an American biochemist who studied enzymology and chemotherapy.

See Coenzyme A and Nathan O. Kaplan

NME1

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NME1 gene.

See Coenzyme A and NME1

Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase

In enzymology, a pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 4'-Phosphopantetheine, whereas its two products are diphosphate and 3'-dephospho-CoA.

See Coenzyme A and Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase

Pantothenate kinase

Pantothenate kinase (PanK; CoaA) is the first enzyme in the Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.

See Coenzyme A and Pantothenate kinase

Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient.

See Coenzyme A and Pantothenic acid

Phenylacetyl-CoA

Phenylacetyl-CoA (C29H42N7O17P3S) is a form of acetyl-CoA formed from the condensation of the thiol group from coenzyme A with the carboxyl group of phenylacetic acid.

See Coenzyme A and Phenylacetyl-CoA

Phosphopantetheine

Phosphopantetheine, also known as 4'-phosphopantetheine, is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs of polyketide synthases, the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). Coenzyme A and Phosphopantetheine are metabolism and thiols.

See Coenzyme A and Phosphopantetheine

Phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase

In enzymology, a phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase also known as phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction which constitutes the second of five steps involved in the conversion of pantothenate to Coenzyme A. The reaction is: The nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) involved in the reaction varies from species to species.

See Coenzyme A and Phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase

Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase

The enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase catalyzes the chemical reaction This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, to be specific the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.

See Coenzyme A and Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase

Pimelic acid

Pimelic acid is the organic compound with the formula HO2C(CH2)5CO2H.

See Coenzyme A and Pimelic acid

Polyketide

In organic chemistry, polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or its reduced forms) and methylene groups:.

See Coenzyme A and Polyketide

Post-translational regulation

Post-translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of active protein.

See Coenzyme A and Post-translational regulation

PRDX5

Peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5), mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRDX5 gene, located on chromosome 11.

See Coenzyme A and PRDX5

Propionyl-CoA

Propionyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid. Coenzyme A and Propionyl-CoA are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Propionyl-CoA

Prosthetic group

A prosthetic group is the non-amino acid component that is part of the structure of the heteroproteins or conjugated proteins, being tightly linked to the apoprotein.

See Coenzyme A and Prosthetic group

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of pyruvate and a lipoamide to give the acetylated dihydrolipoamide and carbon dioxide.

See Coenzyme A and Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid (IUPAC name: 2-oxopropanoic acid, also called acetoic acid) (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Coenzyme A and Pyruvic acid are metabolism.

See Coenzyme A and Pyruvic acid

S-Glutathionylation

S-Glutathionylation is the posttranslational modification of protein cysteine residues by the addition of glutathione, the most abundant and important low-molecular-mass thiol within most cell types.

See Coenzyme A and S-Glutathionylation

Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

See Coenzyme A and Sodium

Stilbenoid

Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene.

See Coenzyme A and Stilbenoid

Substrate (chemistry)

In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.

See Coenzyme A and Substrate (chemistry)

Succinyl-CoA

Succinyl-coenzyme A, abbreviated as succinyl-CoA or SucCoA, is a thioester of succinic acid and coenzyme A.

See Coenzyme A and Succinyl-CoA

Terpenoid

The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc.

See Coenzyme A and Terpenoid

Thioester

In organic chemistry, thioesters are organosulfur compounds with the molecular structure.

See Coenzyme A and Thioester

Thiol

In organic chemistry, a thiol, or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. Coenzyme A and thiol are thiols.

See Coenzyme A and Thiol

2-Mercaptoethanol

2-Mercaptoethanol (also β-mercaptoethanol, BME, 2BME, 2-ME or β-met) is the chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2SH. Coenzyme A and 2-Mercaptoethanol are thiols.

See Coenzyme A and 2-Mercaptoethanol

See also

Coenzymes

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A

Also known as C21H36N7O16P3S, CoA-SH, CoASH, Coenzyme-A, HSCoA, SHCoA.

, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Lithium, Malonyl-CoA, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mitochondrion, Molar absorption coefficient, Nathan O. Kaplan, NME1, Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase, Pantothenate kinase, Pantothenic acid, Phenylacetyl-CoA, Phosphopantetheine, Phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase, Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase, Pimelic acid, Polyketide, Post-translational regulation, PRDX5, Propionyl-CoA, Prosthetic group, Pyruvate dehydrogenase, Pyruvic acid, S-Glutathionylation, Sodium, Stilbenoid, Substrate (chemistry), Succinyl-CoA, Terpenoid, Thioester, Thiol, 2-Mercaptoethanol.