Table of Contents
167 relations: Acetyl group, Acyl group, Adenosine, Adenosine monophosphate, Adenosine triphosphate, Adenylate kinase, Albert L. Lehninger, Alcohol dehydrogenase, Aldehyde, Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, Alkyl group, Allosteric regulation, Annual Review of Biochemistry, Archaea, Arginase, Arthur Harden, Azotobacter, Bacteria, Biochemistry, Bioinorganic chemistry, Bioorganometallic chemistry, Biotin, Cadmium, Calcium, Calmodulin, Carbonic anhydrase, Carbonyl group, Catalase, Catalysis, Catalytic cycle, Cell signaling, Chemical compound, Chemical reaction, Chemistry of ascorbic acid, Chromium, Citric acid cycle, Cobalt, Coenzyme A, Coenzyme B, Coenzyme F420, Coenzyme M, Coenzyme Q10, Cofactor engineering, Conserved sequence, Copper, Cytidine triphosphate, Cytochrome, Cytochrome c oxidase, Dehydrogenase, Diatom, ... Expand index (117 more) »
- Cofactors
Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group with the chemical formula and the structure.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Acetyl group
Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Acyl group
Adenosine
Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Adenosine
Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Adenosine triphosphate
Adenylate kinase
Adenylate kinase (EC) (also known as ADK or myokinase) is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the various adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP).
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Adenylate kinase
Albert L. Lehninger
Albert Lester Lehninger (February 17, 1917 – March 4, 1986) was an American chemist in the field of bioenergetics.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Albert L. Lehninger
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Alcohol dehydrogenase
Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Aldehyde
Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
In enzymology, an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Alkyl group
Allosteric regulation
In the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology an allosteric regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein's activity, either enhancing or inhibiting its function.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Allosteric regulation
Annual Review of Biochemistry
Annual Review of Biochemistry is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, a nonprofit scientific publisher.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Annual Review of Biochemistry
Archaea
Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Archaea
Arginase
Arginase (arginine amidinase, canavanase, L-arginase, arginine transamidinase) is a manganese-containing enzyme.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Arginase
Arthur Harden
Sir Arthur Harden, FRS (12 October 1865 – 17 June 1940) was a British biochemist.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Arthur Harden
Azotobacter
Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Azotobacter
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Biochemistry
Bioinorganic chemistry
Bioinorganic chemistry is a field that examines the role of metals in biology.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Bioinorganic chemistry
Bioorganometallic chemistry
Bioorganometallic chemistry is the study of biologically active molecules that contain carbon directly bonded to metals or metalloids.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Bioorganometallic chemistry
Biotin
Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Biotin are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Biotin
Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cd and atomic number 48.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cadmium
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Calcium
Calmodulin
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Calmodulin
Carbonic anhydrase
The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions).
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Carbonic anhydrase
Carbonyl group
For organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Carbonyl group
Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Catalase are enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Catalase
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Catalysis
Catalytic cycle
In chemistry, a catalytic cycle is a multistep reaction mechanism that involves a catalyst.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Catalytic cycle
Cell signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cell signaling
Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Chemical compound
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Chemical reaction
Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula, originally called hexuronic acid.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Chromium
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Citric acid cycle
Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element; it has symbol Co and atomic number 27.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cobalt
Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Coenzyme A
Coenzyme B
Coenzyme B is a coenzyme required for redox reactions in methanogens.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Coenzyme B
Coenzyme F420
Coenzyme F420 is a family of coenzymes involved in redox reactions in a number of bacteria and archaea.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Coenzyme F420
Coenzyme M
Coenzyme M is a coenzyme required for methyl-transfer reactions in the metabolism of archaeal methanogens, and in the metabolism of other substrates in bacteria.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Coenzyme M
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Coenzyme Q10
Cofactor engineering
Cofactor engineering, a subset of metabolic engineering, is defined as the manipulation of the use of cofactors in an organism’s metabolic pathways.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cofactor engineering
Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences), or within a genome (paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa (xenologous sequences).
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Conserved sequence
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Copper
Cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cytidine triphosphate
Cytochrome
Cytochromes are redox-active proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cytochrome
Cytochrome c oxidase
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV (was, now reclassified as a translocase) is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Cytochrome c oxidase
Dehydrogenase
A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Dehydrogenase
Diatom
A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Diatom
Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Diglyceride
DNA polymerase
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA. Cofactor (biochemistry) and DNA polymerase are enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and DNA polymerase
Electron
The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Electron
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Enzyme are enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Enzyme
Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule, an "enzyme". Cofactor (biochemistry) and Enzyme catalysis are enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme kinetics
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions. Cofactor (biochemistry) and enzyme kinetics are enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Enzyme kinetics
Ethanol fermentation
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Ethanol fermentation
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Eukaryote
Exaptation
Exaptation or co-option is a shift in the function of a trait during evolution.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Exaptation
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism. Cofactor (biochemistry) and flavin adenine dinucleotide are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Flavin group
Flavins (from Latin flavus, "yellow") refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Flavin group
Flavin mononucleotide
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Flavin mononucleotide are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Flavin mononucleotide
Folate
Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Folate
Fritz Albert Lipmann
Fritz Albert Lipmann (June 12, 1899 – July 24, 1986) was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 (shared with Hans Adolf Krebs).
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Fritz Albert Lipmann
Functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Functional group
Glucose 6-phosphatase
The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9, G6Pase; systematic name D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, resulting in the creation of a phosphate group and free glucose: During fasting, adequate levels of blood glucose are assured by glucose liberated from liver glycogen stores by glycogenolysis as well as glucose generated by gluconeogenesis in the liver as well as - to a lesser extent - the kindeys.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Glucose 6-phosphatase
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Glutamic acid
Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Glutathione
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Glycolysis
Hans von Euler-Chelpin
Hans Karl August Simon Euler-Chelpin, since 28 July 1884 von Euler-Chelpin (15 February 1873 – 6 November 1964), was a German-born Swedish biochemist.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Hans von Euler-Chelpin
Heme
Heme (American English), or haem (Commonwealth English, both pronounced /hi:m/), is a ring-shaped iron-containing molecular component of hemoglobin, which is necessary to bind oxygen in the bloodstream. Cofactor (biochemistry) and heme are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Heme
Herman Kalckar
Herman Moritz Kalckar (26 March 1908 – 17 May 1991) was a Danish biochemist who pioneered the study of cellular respiration.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Herman Kalckar
Hexokinase
A hexokinase is an enzyme that irreversibly phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars), forming hexose phosphate.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Hexokinase
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Hormone
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Hydrogen
Hydrogenase
A hydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyses the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen (H2), as shown below: Hydrogen uptake is coupled to the reduction of electron acceptors such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and fumarate.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Hydrogenase
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Hydrolysis
Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic ions
Inorganic ions in animals and plants are ions necessary for vital cellular activity.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Inorganic ions
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Iodine
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Ion
Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Iron
Iron–sulfur cluster
Iron–sulfur clusters are molecular ensembles of iron and sulfide.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Iron–sulfur cluster
Last universal common ancestor
The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the hypothesized common ancestral cell from which the three domains of life,--> the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya originated.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Last universal common ancestor
Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Ligand (biochemistry)
Lipoamide
Lipoamide is a trivial name for 6,8-dithiooctanoic amide.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Lipoamide
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Magnesium
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Manganese
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Mass spectrometry
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Metabolism
Metal
A metal is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Metal
Metal ions in aqueous solution
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula z+.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Metal ions in aqueous solution
Methanofuran
Methanofurans (MFRs) are a family of chemical compounds found in methanogenic archaea.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Methanofuran
Methanogen
Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their energy metabolism, i.e., catabolism.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Methanogen
Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula (whereas normal methane has the formula). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Methyl group
Methylcobalamin
Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB) is a cobalamin, a form of 12. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Methylcobalamin are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Methylcobalamin
Methylene group
A methylene group is any part of a molecule that consists of two hydrogen atoms bound to a carbon atom, which is connected to the remainder of the molecule by two single bonds.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Methylene group
Mole (unit)
The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Mole (unit)
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has symbol Mo (from Neo-Latin molybdaenum) and atomic number 42.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Molybdenum
Molybdopterin
Molybdopterins are a class of cofactors found in most molybdenum-containing and all tungsten-containing enzymes. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Molybdopterin are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Molybdopterin
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Monosaccharide
Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nickel
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nitrate reductase
Nitrate reductases are molybdoenzymes that reduce nitrate to nitrite. Cofactor (biochemistry) and nitrate reductase are enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nitrate reductase
Nitric oxide synthase
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nitric oxide synthase
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen is converted into ammonia.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogenase
Nitrogenases are enzymes that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) and rhizobacteria.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nitrogenase
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nucleotide
Nucleotide sugar
Nucleotide sugars are the activated forms of monosaccharides.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nucleotide sugar
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nutrient
Nutrition
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Nutrition
Organic compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Organic compound
Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and selenium, as well.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Organometallic chemistry
Otto Heinrich Warburg
Otto Heinrich Warburg (8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970), son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor, and Nobel laureate.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Otto Heinrich Warburg
Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Oxidoreductase
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Oxygen
Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pantothenic acid
Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Peptide
Phosphatase
In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Phosphatase
Phosphate
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Phosphate
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Phosphorylation
Porphyrin
Porphyrins are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Porphyrin
Prediabetes
Prediabetes is a component of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that fall below the threshold to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Prediabetes
Prosthetic group
A prosthetic group is the non-amino acid component that is part of the structure of the heteroproteins or conjugated proteins, being tightly linked to the apoprotein. Cofactor (biochemistry) and prosthetic group are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Prosthetic group
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Protein
Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Protein domain
Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxine
Pyridoxine, is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as a dietary supplement. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyridoxine are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyridoxine
Pyrococcus furiosus
Pyrococcus furiosus is a heterotrophic, strictly anaerobic, extremophilic, model species of archaea.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyrococcus furiosus
Pyrophosphate
In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a linkage.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyrophosphate
Pyrroloquinoline quinone
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), also called methoxatin, is a redox cofactor and antioxidant. Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyrroloquinoline quinone are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyrroloquinoline quinone
Pyruvate decarboxylase
Pyruvate decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to acetaldehyde.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyruvate decarboxylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of pyruvate and a lipoamide to give the acetylated dihydrolipoamide and carbon dioxide.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Receptor (biochemistry)
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Redox
Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Riboflavin
Ribozyme
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression, similar to the action of protein enzymes.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Ribozyme
RNA world
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and RNA world
S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and S-Adenosyl methionine
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Substrate (chemistry)
Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Sulfate
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB), also known as sapropterin (INN), is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide synthases.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Tetrahydrobiopterin
Tetrahydrofolic acid
Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA), or tetrahydrofolate, is a folic acid derivative.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Tetrahydrofolic acid
Tetrahydromethanopterin
Tetrahydromethanopterin (THMPT) is a coenzyme in methanogenesis.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Tetrahydromethanopterin
Thalassiosira weissflogii
Thalassiosira weissflogii is a species of centric diatoms, a unicellular microalga.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Thalassiosira weissflogii
Thiamine
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Thiamine
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or ThPP), or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), or cocarboxylase is a thiamine (vitamin B1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase. Cofactor (biochemistry) and thiamine pyrophosphate are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Thiamine pyrophosphate
Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are any hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Thyroid hormones
Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
The timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
Trace element
A trace element is a chemical element of a minute quantity, a trace amount, especially used in referring to a micronutrient, but is also used to refer to minor elements in the composition of a rock, or other chemical substance.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Trace element
Transketolase
Transketolase (abbreviated as TK) is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the TKT gene.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Transketolase
Tryptophan tryptophylquinone
Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) is an enzyme cofactor, generated by posttranslational modification of amino acids within the protein.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Tryptophan tryptophylquinone
Tungsten
Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Tungsten
Urease
Ureases, functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Urease
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element; it has symbol V and atomic number 23.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vanadium
Vitamin
Vitamins are organic molecules (or a set of closely related molecules called vitamers) that are essential to an organism in small quantities for proper metabolic function.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vitamin
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. Cofactor (biochemistry) and vitamin B12 are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vitamin B12
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vitamin B3
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is one of the B vitamins, and thus an essential nutrient. Cofactor (biochemistry) and vitamin B6 are cofactors.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Vitamin K
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and X-ray crystallography
Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Xanthine oxidase
Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Yeast
Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and Zinc
3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate
3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is phosphorylated at the 3′ position and has a sulfate group attached to the 5′ phosphate.
See Cofactor (biochemistry) and 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate
See also
Cofactors
- Adenosylcobalamin
- Azadithiolate cofactor
- Biotin
- Coenzymes
- Cofactor (biochemistry)
- Cofactor F430
- Cyanocobalamin
- Factor VIII
- FeMoco
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- Flavin mononucleotide
- Heme
- Heparin cofactor II
- High-molecular-weight kininogen
- Kininogen 1
- Lipoic acid
- Methanophenazine
- Methylcobalamin
- Molybdopterin
- Mycofactocin
- Nicotinamide cofactor analogues
- Prenylated flavin mononucleotide
- Prosthetic group
- Pterin
- Pyridoxine
- Pyrroloquinoline quinone
- Rhodoquinone
- Rubredoxin
- Thiamine pyrophosphate
- Topaquinone
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin B6
References
Also known as Activated carrier, Co enzyme, Co-enzyme, Co-enzymes, Co-substrate, Coenzyme, Coenzymes, Cosubstrate, Enzymatic cofactor, Enzyme cofactor, Redox cofactor.