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Password strength

Index Password strength

Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks. [1]

78 relations: Alex Halderman, Alphanumeric, Arabic numerals, ASCII, Backdoor (computing), Base (exponentiation), Binary logarithm, Binary number, Bit, British government departments, Bruce Schneier, Brute-force attack, Brute-force search, Byte, Case sensitivity, Computer, Cryptographic hash function, Data Encryption Standard, Default password, Dice, Diceware, DigiNotar, Discrete uniform distribution, Distributed.net, E (mathematical constant), EFF DES cracker, ElcomSoft, Encryption, Entropy (information theory), Extended ASCII, Fair coin, General-purpose computing on graphics processing units, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Hexadecimal, Information theory, Key (cryptography), Key stretching, Keyboard layout, Keystroke logging, Latin alphabet, Microsoft, Mnemonic, MSNBC, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Natural number, NT LAN Manager, Nvidia Tesla, Online banking, Passphrase, Password, ..., Password cracking, Password policy, Personal identification number, Phishing, Pi, Post-it Note, Privilege escalation, Quantum computing, Rainbow table, Random password generator, Rhomboid, Risk, Rolodex, ROT13, Safe deposit box, Salt (cryptography), Secure Hash Algorithms, Security controls, September 11 attacks, Smartphone, Tablet computer, Threat model, Vulnerability (computing), Wi-Fi Protected Access, William Cheswick, Wired Equivalent Privacy, 112 (emergency telephone number), 9-1-1. Expand index (28 more) »

Alex Halderman

J.

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Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric is a combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and is used to describe the collection of Latin letters and Arabic digits or a text constructed from this collection.

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Arabic numerals

Arabic numerals, also called Hindu–Arabic numerals, are the ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, based on the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world today.

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ASCII

ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

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Backdoor (computing)

A backdoor is a method, often secret, of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer system, a product, or an embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment, e.g. as part of a cryptosystem, an algorithm, a chipset, or a "homunculus computer" (such as that as found in Intel's AMT technology).

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Base (exponentiation)

In exponentiation, the base is the number b in an expression of the form bn.

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Binary logarithm

In mathematics, the binary logarithm is the power to which the number must be raised to obtain the value.

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Binary number

In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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British government departments

The Government of the United Kingdom exercises its executive authority through a number of government departments or departments of state.

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Bruce Schneier

Bruce Schneier (born January 15, 1963, is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist and writer. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography. Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, a program fellow at the New America Foundation's Open Technology Institute. He has been working for IBM since they acquired Resilient Systems where Schneier was CTO. He is also a contributing writer for The Guardian news organization.

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Brute-force attack

In cryptography, a brute-force attack consists of an attacker trying many passwords or passphrases with the hope of eventually guessing correctly.

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Brute-force search

In computer science, brute-force search or exhaustive search, also known as generate and test, is a very general problem-solving technique that consists of systematically enumerating all possible candidates for the solution and checking whether each candidate satisfies the problem's statement.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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Case sensitivity

In computers, upper case and lower case text may be treated as distinct (case sensitivity) or equivalent (case insensitivity).

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Cryptographic hash function

A cryptographic hash function is a special class of hash function that has certain properties which make it suitable for use in cryptography.

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Data Encryption Standard

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic data.

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Default password

Where a device needs a username and/or password to log in, a default password is usually provided that allows the device to be accessed during its initial setup, or after resetting to factory defaults.

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Dice

Dice (singular die or dice; from Old French dé; from Latin datum "something which is given or played") are small throwable objects with multiple resting positions, used for generating random numbers.

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Diceware

Diceware is a method for creating passphrases, passwords, and other cryptographic variables using ordinary dice as a hardware random number generator.

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DigiNotar

DigiNotar was a Dutch certificate authority owned by VASCO Data Security International, Inc. On September 3, 2011, after it had become clear that a security breach had resulted in the fraudulent issuing of certificates, the Dutch government took over operational management of DigiNotar's systems.

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Discrete uniform distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the discrete uniform distribution is a symmetric probability distribution whereby a finite number of values are equally likely to be observed; every one of n values has equal probability 1/n.

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Distributed.net

distributed.net is a distributed computing effort that is attempting to solve large scale problems using otherwise idle CPU or GPU time.

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E (mathematical constant)

The number is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 2.71828, which appears in many different settings throughout mathematics.

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EFF DES cracker

In cryptography, the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed "Deep Crack") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 1998, to perform a brute force search of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher's key space – that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying every possible key.

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ElcomSoft

ElcomSoft Co.Ltd.

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Encryption

In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.

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Entropy (information theory)

Information entropy is the average rate at which information is produced by a stochastic source of data.

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Extended ASCII

Extended ASCII (EASCII or high ASCII) character encodings are eight-bit or larger encodings that include the standard seven-bit ASCII characters, plus additional characters.

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Fair coin

In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin.

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General-purpose computing on graphics processing units

General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU, rarely GPGP) is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU), which typically handles computation only for computer graphics, to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the central processing unit (CPU).

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Georgia Tech Research Institute

The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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Hexadecimal

In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal (also base, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.

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Information theory

Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information.

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Key (cryptography)

In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm.

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Key stretching

In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the time it takes to test each possible key.

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Keyboard layout

A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer, typewriter, or other typographic keyboard.

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Keystroke logging

Keystroke logging, often referred to as keylogging or keyboard capturing, is the action of recording (logging) the keys struck on a keyboard, typically covertly, so that the person using the keyboard is unaware that their actions are being monitored.

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Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet or the Roman alphabet is a writing system originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Mnemonic

A mnemonic (the first "m" is silent) device, or memory device, is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval (remembering) in the human memory.

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MSNBC

MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.

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Natural number

In mathematics, the natural numbers are those used for counting (as in "there are six coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the third largest city in the country").

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NT LAN Manager

In a Windows network, NT LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of Microsoft security protocols that provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to users.

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Nvidia Tesla

Nvidia Tesla is Nvidia's brand name for their products targeting stream processing or general-purpose GPU.

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Online banking

Online banking, also known as internet banking, it is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution's website.

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Passphrase

A passphrase is a sequence of words or other text used to control access to a computer system, program or data.

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Password

A password is a word or string of characters used for user authentication to prove identity or access approval to gain access to a resource (example: an access code is a type of password), which is to be kept secret from those not allowed access.

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Password cracking

In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords from data that have been stored in or transmitted by a computer system.

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Password policy

A password policy is a set of rules designed to enhance computer security by encouraging users to employ strong passwords and use them properly.

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Personal identification number

A personal identification number (PIN, pronounced "pin"; is often spoken out loud "PIN number" by mistake) is a numeric or alpha-numeric password or code used in the process of authenticating or identifying a user to a system and system to a user.

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Phishing

Phishing is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details (and money), often for malicious reasons, by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

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Pi

The number is a mathematical constant.

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Post-it Note

A Post-it Note (or sticky note) is a small piece of paper with a re-adherable strip of glue on its back, made for temporarily attaching notes to documents and other surfaces.

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Privilege escalation

Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug, design flaw or configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user.

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Quantum computing

Quantum computing is computing using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement.

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Rainbow table

A rainbow table is a precomputed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions, usually for cracking password hashes.

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Random password generator

A random password generator is software program or hardware device that takes input from a random or pseudo-random number generator and automatically generates a password.

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Rhomboid

Traditionally, in two-dimensional geometry, a rhomboid is a parallelogram in which adjacent sides are of unequal lengths and angles are non-right angled.

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Risk

Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value.

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Rolodex

A Rolodex is a rotating file device used to store business contact information.

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ROT13

ROT13 ("rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it, in the alphabet.

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Safe deposit box

A safe deposit box, also known as a safety deposit box, is an individually secured container, usually held within a larger safe or bank vault.

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Salt (cryptography)

In cryptography, a salt is random data that is used as an additional input to a one-way function that "hashes" data, a password or passphrase.

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Secure Hash Algorithms

The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including.

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Security controls

Security controls are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize security risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

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Smartphone

A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi.

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Tablet computer

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a portable personal computer, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.

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Threat model

Threat modeling is a process by which potential threats, such as structural vulnerabilities can be identified, enumerated, and prioritized – all from a hypothetical attacker’s point of view.

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Vulnerability (computing)

In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which can be exploited by a Threat Actor, such as an attacker, to perform unauthorized actions within a computer system.

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Wi-Fi Protected Access

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) are two security protocols and security certification programs developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks.

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William Cheswick

William R. "Bill" Cheswick (also known as "Ches") is a computer security and networking researcher.

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Wired Equivalent Privacy

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security algorithm for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks.

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112 (emergency telephone number)

112 is the common emergency telephone number that can be dialed free of charge from most mobile telephones and, in some countries, fixed telephones in order to reach emergency services (ambulance, fire and rescue, police).

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9-1-1

9-1-1, also written 911, is an emergency telephone number for the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), one of eight N11 codes.

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Commonly Used Passwords, Password complexity, Password entropy, Strong password, Weak password.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

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