Comparison of C Sharp and Java

This article compares two programming languages: C# with Java. ^[1]

Abstract data type

In computer science, an abstract data type (ADT) is a mathematical model for data types, where a data type is defined by its behavior (semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations.

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Abstract syntax tree

In computer science, an abstract syntax tree (AST), or just syntax tree, is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of source code written in a programming language.

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Abstraction (computer science)

In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is.

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Adapter pattern

In software engineering, the adapter pattern is a software design pattern (also known as Wrapper, an alternative naming shared with the Decorator pattern) that allows the interface of an existing class to be used as another interface.

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Adaptive optimization

Adaptive optimization is a technique in computer science that performs dynamic recompilation of portions of a program based on the current execution profile.

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Anders Hejlsberg

Anders Hejlsberg (born 2 December 1960) is a prominent Danish software engineer who co-designed several popular and commercially successful programming languages and development tools.

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Annotation

An annotation is a metadatum (e.g. a post, explanation, markup) attached to location or other data.

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Anonymous function

In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, lambda abstraction, or lambda expression) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier.

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Arbitrary-precision arithmetic

In computer science, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, multiple-precision arithmetic, or sometimes infinite-precision arithmetic, indicates that calculations are performed on numbers whose digits of precision are limited only by the available memory of the host system.

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Array data structure

In computer science, an array data structure, or simply an array, is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index or key.

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Array data type

Language support for array types may include certain built-in array data types, some syntactic constructions (array type constructors) that the programmer may use to define such types and declare array variables, and special notation for indexing array elements.

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AspectJ

AspectJ is an aspect-oriented programming (AOP) extension created at PARC for the Java programming language.

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Assertion (software development)

In computer programming, an assertion is a statement that a predicate (Boolean-valued function, i.e. a true–false expression) is always true at that point in code execution.

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Assignment (computer science)

In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable.

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Associative array

In computer science, an associative array, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type composed of a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection.

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Backward compatibility

Backward compatibility is a property of a system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especially in telecommunications and computing.

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Blocking (computing)

In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed.

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Boolean data type

In computer science, the Boolean data type is a data type that has one of two possible values (usually denoted true and false), intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra.

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Bounded quantification

In type theory, bounded quantification (also bounded polymorphism or constrained genericity) refers to universal or existential quantifiers which are restricted ("bounded") to range only over the subtypes of a particular type.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C Sharp (programming language)

C# (/si: ʃɑːrp/) is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.

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C++

C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.

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Class (computer programming)

In object-oriented programming, a class is an extensible program-code-template for creating objects, providing initial values for state (member variables) and implementations of behavior (member functions or methods).

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Closure (computer programming)

In programming languages, a closure (also lexical closure or function closure) is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions.

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Code generation (compiler)

In computing, code generation is the process by which a compiler's code generator converts some intermediate representation of source code into a form (e.g., machine code) that can be readily executed by a machine.

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Collection (abstract data type)

In computer science, a collection or container is a grouping of some variable number of data items (possibly zero) that have some shared significance to the problem being solved and need to be operated upon together in some controlled fashion.

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Common Intermediate Language

Common Intermediate Language (CIL), formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), is the lowest-level human-readable programming language defined by the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification and is used by the.NET Framework,.NET Core, and Mono.

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Common Language Runtime

The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft's.NET framework, manages the execution of.NET programs.

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Common Object Request Broker Architecture

The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) designed to facilitate the communication of systems that are deployed on diverse platforms.

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Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET

C# and Visual Basic.NET are the two primary languages used to program on the.NET Framework.

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Comparison of Java and C++

This is a comparison of Java and C++, two prominent object-oriented programming languages.

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Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms

The Mono project aims to avoid infringing on any patents or copyrights, and to the extent that they are successful, the project can be safely distributed and used under the GPL.

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Compatibility of C and C++

The C and C++ programming languages are closely related but have many significant differences.

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Compiler

A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).

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Complex number

A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form, where and are real numbers, and is a solution of the equation.

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Component Object Model

Component Object Model (COM) is a binary-interface standard for software components introduced by Microsoft in 1993.

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Computing platform

A computing platform or digital platform is the environment in which a piece of software is executed.

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Conditional (computer programming)

In computer science, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs are features of a programming language, which perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false.

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Conditional compilation

In computer programming, conditional compilation is compilation implementing methods which allow the compiler to produce differences in the executable program produced and controlled by parameters that are provided during compilation.

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Const (computer programming)

In the C, C++, D, and JavaScript programming languages, const is a type qualifier: a keyword applied to a data type that indicates that the data is read only.

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Constant (computer programming)

In computer programming, a constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution, i.e., the value is constant.

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Constructor (object-oriented programming)

In class-based object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special type of subroutine called to create an object.

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Control flow

In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.

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Covariance and contravariance (computer science)

Many programming language type systems support subtyping.

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Decimal128 floating-point format

In computing, decimal128 is a decimal floating-point computer numbering format that occupies 16 bytes (128 bits) in computer memory.

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Delegate (CLI)

A delegate is a form of type-safe function pointer used by the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI).

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Deprecation

In several fields, deprecation is the discouragement of use of some terminology, feature, design, or practice, typically because it has been superseded or is no longer considered efficient or safe, without completely removing it or prohibiting its use.

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Design Patterns

Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software is a software engineering book describing software design patterns.

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Destructor (computer programming)

In object-oriented programming, a destructor (dtor) is a method which is automatically invoked when the object is destroyed.

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Directive (programming)

In computer programming, a directive or pragma (from "pragmatic") is a language construct that specifies how a compiler (or other translator) should process its input.

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Dispose pattern

In object-oriented programming, the dispose pattern is a design pattern for resource management.

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Double-precision floating-point format

Double-precision floating-point format is a computer number format, usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.

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Dynamic dispatch

In computer science, dynamic dispatch is the process of selecting which implementation of a polymorphic operation (method or function) to call at run time.

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Enumerated type

In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, and a categorical variable in statistics) is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type.

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Enumeration

An enumeration is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection.

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Event (computing)

In computing, an event is an action or occurrence recognized by software, often originating asynchronously from the external environment, that may be handled by the software.

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Event-driven programming

In computer programming, event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions (mouse clicks, key presses), sensor outputs, or messages from other programs/threads.

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Exception chaining

Exception chaining, or exception wrapping, is an object-oriented programming technique of handling exceptions by re-throwing a caught exception after wrapping it inside a new exception.

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Exception handling

Exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence, during computation, of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – often changing the normal flow of program execution.

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Extension method

In object-oriented computer programming, an extension method is a method added to an object after the original object was compiled.

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Fibonacci number

In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence, and characterized by the fact that every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding ones: Often, especially in modern usage, the sequence is extended by one more initial term: By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are either 1 and 1, or 0 and 1, depending on the chosen starting point of the sequence, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

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Field (computer science)

In computer science, data that has several parts, known as a record, can be divided into fields.

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Finite-state machine

A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton (FSA, plural: automata), finite automaton, or simply a state machine, is a mathematical model of computation.

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Free software

Free software or libre software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions.

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Functional programming

In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.

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Garbage collection (computer science)

In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management.

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Generator (computer programming)

In computer science, a generator is a special routine that can be used to control the iteration behaviour of a loop.

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Generic programming

Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters.

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Generics in Java

Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within version J2SE 5.0.

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Goto

GoTo (goto, GOTO, GO TO or other case combinations, depending on the programming language) is a statement found in many computer programming languages.

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IEEE 754

The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point computation established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

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Immutable object

In object-oriented and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created.

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Indentation style

In computer programming, an indentation style is a convention governing the indentation of blocks of code to convey program structure.

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Inheritance (object-oriented programming)

In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object (prototypal inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining the same implementation.

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Initialization (programming)

In computer programming, initialization is the assignment of an initial value for a data object or variable.

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Inline expansion

In computing, inline expansion, or inlining, is a manual or compiler optimization that replaces a function call site with the body of the called function.

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Integer overflow

In computer programming, an integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of bits – either larger than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value.

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Interpreter (computing)

In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program.

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Jagged array

In computer science, a ragged array, also known as a jagged array, is an array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different sizes and producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output.

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James Gosling

James Arthur Gosling, OC (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist, best known as the founder and lead designer behind the Java programming language.

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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Java bytecode

Java bytecode is the instruction set of the Java virtual machine (JVM).

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Java Native Access

Java Native Access (JNA) is a community-developed library that provides Java programs easy access to native shared libraries without using the Java Native Interface.

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Java Native Interface

The Java Native Interface (JNI) is a programming framework that enables Java code running in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to call and be called by native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages such as C, C++ and assembly.

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Java package

A Java package organizes Java classes into namespaces, providing a unique namespace for each type it contains.

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Java version history

The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library.

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Java virtual machine

A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages and compiled to Java bytecode.

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JavaBeans

In computing based on the Java Platform, JavaBeans are classes that encapsulate many objects into a single object (the bean).

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Just-in-time compilation

In computing, just-in-time (JIT) compilation, (also dynamic translation or run-time compilation), is a way of executing computer code that involves compilation during execution of a program – at run time – rather than prior to execution.

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Language Integrated Query

Language Integrated Query (LINQ, pronounced "link") is a Microsoft.NET Framework component that adds native data querying capabilities to.NET languages.

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Library (computing)

In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.

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List of programming languages by type

This is a list of notable programming languages, grouped by type.

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Locality of reference

In computer science, locality of reference, also known as the principle of locality, is a term for the phenomenon in which the same values, or related storage locations, are frequently accessed, depending on the memory access pattern.

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Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.

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Logical connective

In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is a symbol or word used to connect two or more sentences (of either a formal or a natural language) in a grammatically valid way, such that the value of the compound sentence produced depends only on that of the original sentences and on the meaning of the connective.

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Managed code

Managed code is computer program code that requires and will execute only under the management of a Common Language Runtime virtual machine, typically the.NET Framework, or Mono.

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Manifest typing

In computer science, manifest typing is explicit identification by the software programmer of the type of each variable being declared.

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Marshalling (computer science)

In computer science, marshalling or marshaling is the process of transforming the memory representation of an object to a data format suitable for storage or transmission, and it is typically used when data must be moved between different parts of a computer program or from one program to another.

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Member variable

In object-oriented programming, a member variable (sometimes called a member field) is a variable that is associated with a specific object, and accessible for all its methods (member functions).

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Metadata

Metadata is "data that provides information about other data".

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Method (computer programming)

A method in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a procedure associated with a message and an object.

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Method overriding

Method overriding, in object-oriented programming, is a language feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its superclasses or parent classes.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsoft Developer Network

Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) is the portion of Microsoft responsible for managing the firm's relationship with developers and testers, such as hardware developers interested in the operating system (OS), and software developers developing on the various OS platforms or using the API or scripting languages of Microsoft's applications.

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Modular programming

Modular programming is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a programme into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality.

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Monad (functional programming)

In functional programming, a monad is a design pattern that defines how functions, actions, inputs, and outputs can be used together to build generic types, with the following organization.

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Monitor (synchronization)

In concurrent programming, a monitor is a synchronization construct that allows threads to have both mutual exclusion and the ability to wait (block) for a certain condition to become true.

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Mutator method

In computer science, a mutator method is a method used to control changes to a variable.

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Name binding

In programming languages, name binding is the association of entities (data and/or code) with identifiers.

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Namespace

In computing, a namespace is a set of symbols that are used to organize objects of various kinds, so that these objects may be referred to by name.

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Nashorn (JavaScript engine)

Nashorn is a JavaScript engine developed in the Java programming language by Oracle.

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Object (computer science)

In computer science, an object can be a variable, a data structure, a function, or a method, and as such, is a value in memory referenced by an identifier.

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Object type (object-oriented programming)

In computer science, an object type (a.k.a. wrapping object) is a datatype that is used in object-oriented programming to wrap a non-object type to make it look like a dynamic object.

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Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self").

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Observer pattern

The observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, called the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods.

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Operator overloading

In programming, operator overloading, sometimes termed operator ad hoc polymorphism, is a specific case of polymorphism, where different operators have different implementations depending on their arguments.

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Parameter (computer programming)

In computer programming, a parameter (often called formal parameter or formal argument) is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.

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Phantom reference

A phantom reference is a kind of reference in Java, where the memory can be reclaimed.

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Platform Invocation Services

Platform Invocation Services, commonly referred to as P/Invoke, is a feature of Common Language Infrastructure implementations, like Microsoft's Common Language Runtime, that enables managed code to call native code.

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Pointer (computer programming)

In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object that stores the memory address of another value located in computer memory.

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Pool (computer science)

In computer science, a pool is a set of resources that are kept ready to use, rather than acquired on use and released afterwards.

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Preprocessor

In computer science, a preprocessor is a program that processes its input data to produce output that is used as input to another program.

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Primitive data type

In computer science, primitive data type is either of the following.

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Primitive wrapper class

In object oriented programming, a wrapper class is a class that encapsulates types, so that those types can be used to create object instances and methods in another class that need those types.

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Priority queue

In computer science, a priority queue is an abstract data type which is like a regular queue or stack data structure, but where additionally each element has a "priority" associated with it.

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Property (programming)

A property, in some object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class member, intermediate in functionality between a field (or data member) and a method.

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Proprietary software

Proprietary software is non-free computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights—usually copyright of the source code, but sometimes patent rights.

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Protocol (object-oriented programming)

Protocol is a term used by particular object-oriented programming languages with a variety of specific meanings, which other languages may term interface or trait (or even Dynamic dispatch or Dependency injection), and often associated with languages from Apple Inc. (Protocol when used otherwise is akin to a Communication protocol, indicating the chain of interactions between the caller and the object.) Languages which use the term Protocol include.

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Proxy pattern

In computer programming, the proxy pattern is a software design pattern.

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Queue (abstract data type)

In computer science, a queue is a particular kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, known as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, known as dequeue.

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Reference (computer science)

In computer science, a reference is a value that enables a program to indirectly access a particular datum, such as a variable's value or a record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device.

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Reference type

In programming language theory, a reference type is a data type that refers to an object in memory.

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Regular expression

A regular expression, regex or regexp (sometimes called a rational expression) is, in theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a sequence of characters that define a search pattern.

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Reification (computer science)

Reification is the process by which an abstract idea about a computer program is turned into an explicit data model or other object created in a programming language.

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Retrofitting

Retrofitting refers to the addition of new technology or features to older systems.

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Ruby (programming language)

Ruby is a dynamic, interpreted, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.

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Semaphore (programming)

In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple processes in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system.

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Sign extension

Sign extension is the operation, in computer arithmetic, of increasing the number of bits of a binary number while preserving the number's sign (positive/negative) and value.

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Signedness

In computing, signedness is a property of data types representing numbers in computer programs.

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Single-precision floating-point format

Single-precision floating-point format is a computer number format, usually occupying 32 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.

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Soft reference

A soft reference is a reference that is garbage-collected less aggressively.

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Spoke–hub distribution paradigm

The spoke-hub distribution paradigm is a form of transport topology optimization in which traffic routes are organized as a series of 'spokes' that connect outlying points to a central 'hub.' Simple forms of this distribution/connection model may be contrasted with point-to-point transit systems in which each point has a direct route to every other point, and which was the principal method of transporting passengers and freight until the 1970s.

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SQL

SQL (S-Q-L, "sequel"; Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS).

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Square root

In mathematics, a square root of a number a is a number y such that; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or) is a. For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 because.

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Static import

Static import is a feature introduced in the Java programming language that allows members (fields and methods) defined in a class as public static to be used in Java code; without specifying the class in which the field is defined.

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Strictfp

strictfp is a keyword in the Java programming language that restricts floating-point calculations to ensure portability.

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String (computer science)

In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.

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Strong and weak typing

In computer programming, programming languages are often colloquially classified as to whether the language's type system makes it strongly typed or weakly typed (loosely typed).

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Sun Microsystems

Sun Microsystems, Inc. was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC.

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Switch statement

In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via a multiway branch.

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Synchronization

Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison.

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Synchronization (computer science)

In computer science, synchronization refers to one of two distinct but related concepts: synchronization of processes, and synchronization of Data.

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Syntactic sugar

In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express.

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Template method pattern

In software engineering, the template method pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines the program skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses.

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Thread (computing)

In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system.

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Thread pool

In computer programming, a thread pool is a software design pattern for achieving concurrency of execution in a computer program.

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Three-valued logic

In logic, a three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value.

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Tuple

In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements.

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Type conversion

In computer science, type conversion, type casting, and type coercion are different ways of changing an entity of one data type into another.

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Type erasure

In programming languages, type erasure refers to the load-time process by which explicit type annotations are removed from a program, before it is executed at run-time.

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Type inference

Type inference refers to the automatic detection of the data type of an expression in a programming language.

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Type safety

In computer science, type safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.

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Type system

In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.

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Underscore

The symbol underscore (_), also called underline, low line or low dash, is a character that originally appeared on the typewriter and was primarily used to underline words.

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Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.

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User interface

The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur.

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Value type

In computer science, the term value type is commonly used to refer to one of two kinds of data types: types of values or types of objects with deep copy semantics.

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Variadic function

In mathematics and in computer programming, a variadic function is a function of indefinite arity, i.e., one which accepts a variable number of arguments.

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Virtual function

In object-oriented programming, in languages such as C++, and Object Pascal, a virtual function or virtual method is an inheritable and overridable function or method for which dynamic dispatch is facilitated.

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Virtual method table

A virtual method table (VMT), virtual function table, virtual call table, dispatch table, vtable, or vftable is a mechanism used in a programming language to support dynamic dispatch (or run-time method binding).

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Weak reference

In computer programming, a weak reference is a reference that does not protect the referenced object from collection by a garbage collector, unlike a strong reference.

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Where (SQL)

A WHERE clause in SQL specifies that a SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement should only affect rows that meet specified criteria.

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Wrapper library

In computer programming, a library is a collection of subroutines or classes used to develop software.

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XHTML

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup languages.

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XML

In computing, Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java

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