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Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

Index Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion among software engineers. [1]

117 relations: ?:, Active Server Pages, Ada (programming language), Algebraic data type, ALGOL 68, Anonymous function, APL (programming language), Arbitrary-precision arithmetic, Array data structure, Array data type, Block (programming), Boolean data type, Byte, C (programming language), C data types, C file input/output, C process control, C Sharp (programming language), C string handling, C++, C++ string handling, C++11, C99, Callback (computer programming), Character (computing), COBOL, Cocoa (API), CoffeeScript, Command-line interface, Common Lisp, Complex number, Conditional (computer programming), Control flow, D (programming language), Defun, Do while loop, Double-precision floating-point format, Echo (command), Eiffel (programming language), Entry point, Enumerated type, Erlang (programming language), Exception handling, Exec (system call), F Sharp (programming language), Floating-point arithmetic, For loop, Foreach loop, Forth (programming language), Fortran, ..., Forward declaration, Free Pascal, FreeBASIC, Glasgow Haskell Compiler, Go (programming language), Goto, Guillemet, Haskell (programming language), IIf, Input/output, Input/output (C++), Integer (computer science), ISLISP, Java (programming language), JavaScript, Label (computer science), Machine epsilon, Modula-2, Object (computer science), Objective-C, OCaml, Pascal (programming language), Passive data structure, Pattern matching, Perl, Perl 6, PHP, Pointer (computer programming), POSIX, PowerShell, Printf format string, Programming language, Python (programming language), Record (computer science), Reflection (computer programming), Ruby (programming language), S-Lang, Scala (programming language), Scanf format string, Scheme (programming language), Seed7, Sequence container (C++), Setjmp.h, Single-precision floating-point format, Smalltalk, Software engineer, Standard ML, Standard streams, String (computer science), Subroutine, Swift (programming language), Switch statement, Top type, Tuple, Type conversion, Typedef, Union type, User-defined function, Variadic function, Variant type, Visual Basic, Visual Basic .NET, Void type, While loop, Windows Script Host, Wolfram Language, Wolfram Mathematica. Expand index (67 more) »

?:

In computer programming, ?: is a ternary operator that is part of the syntax for basic conditional expressions in several programming languages.

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Active Server Pages

Active Server Pages (ASP), later known as Classic ASP or ASP Classic, is Microsoft's first server-side script engine for dynamically generated web pages.

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Ada (programming language)

Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages.

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Algebraic data type

In computer programming, especially functional programming and type theory, an algebraic data type is a kind of composite type, i.e., a type formed by combining other types.

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ALGOL 68

ALGOL 68 (short for Algorithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.

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Anonymous function

In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, lambda abstraction, or lambda expression) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier.

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APL (programming language)

APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson.

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Arbitrary-precision arithmetic

In computer science, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, multiple-precision arithmetic, or sometimes infinite-precision arithmetic, indicates that calculations are performed on numbers whose digits of precision are limited only by the available memory of the host system.

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Array data structure

In computer science, an array data structure, or simply an array, is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index or key.

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Array data type

Language support for array types may include certain built-in array data types, some syntactic constructions (array type constructors) that the programmer may use to define such types and declare array variables, and special notation for indexing array elements.

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Block (programming)

In computer programming, a block or code block is a lexical structure of source code which is grouped together.

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Boolean data type

In computer science, the Boolean data type is a data type that has one of two possible values (usually denoted true and false), intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C data types

In the C programming language, data types are declarations for memory locations or variables that determine the characteristics of the data that may be stored and the methods (operations) of processing that are permitted involving them.

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C file input/output

The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.

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C process control

C process control refers to a group of functions in the standard library of the C programming language implementing basic process control operations.

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C Sharp (programming language)

C# (/si: ʃɑːrp/) is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.

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C string handling

The C programming language has a set of functions implementing operations on strings (character strings and byte strings) in its standard library.

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C++

C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.

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C++ string handling

The C++ programming language has support for string handling, mostly implemented in its standard library.

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C++11

C++11 is a version of the standard for the programming language C++.

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C99

C99 (previously known as C9X) is an informal name for ISO/IEC 9899:1999, a past version of the C programming language standard.

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Callback (computer programming)

In computer programming, a callback, also known as a "call-after" function, is any executable code that is passed as an argument to other code, which is expected to call back (execute) the argument at a given time.

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Character (computing)

In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language.

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COBOL

COBOL (an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.

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Cocoa (API)

Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for their operating system macOS.

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CoffeeScript

CoffeeScript is a programming language that transcompiles to JavaScript.

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Command-line interface

A command-line interface or command language interpreter (CLI), also known as command-line user interface, console user interface and character user interface (CUI), is a means of interacting with a computer program where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of successive lines of text (command lines).

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Common Lisp

Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004) (formerly X3.226-1994 (R1999)).

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Complex number

A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form, where and are real numbers, and is a solution of the equation.

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Conditional (computer programming)

In computer science, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs are features of a programming language, which perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false.

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Control flow

In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.

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D (programming language)

D is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars and released in 2001.

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Defun

defun (short for "define function") is a macro in the Lisp family of programming languages that defines a function in the global environment that uses the form: (defun (...) Defining the function addnumbers that adds two numbers: Defining function square that squares a number: Defining a function that returns the factorial of a number.

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Do while loop

In most computer programming languages, a do while loop is a control flow statement that executes a block of code at least once, and then repeatedly executes the block, or not, depending on a given boolean condition at the end of the block.

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Double-precision floating-point format

Double-precision floating-point format is a computer number format, usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.

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Echo (command)

In computing, echo is a command in DOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, Unix and Unix-like operating systems that outputs the strings it is being passed as arguments.

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Eiffel (programming language)

Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software.

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Entry point

In computer programming, an entry point is where control is transferred from the operating system to a computer program, at which place the processor enters a program or a code fragment and execution begins.

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Enumerated type

In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, and a categorical variable in statistics) is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type.

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Erlang (programming language)

Erlang is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional programming language, as well as a garbage-collected runtime system.

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Exception handling

Exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence, during computation, of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – often changing the normal flow of program execution.

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Exec (system call)

In computing, exec is a functionality of an operating system that runs an executable file in the context of an already existing process, replacing the previous executable.

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F Sharp (programming language)

F# (pronounced F sharp) is a strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods.

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Floating-point arithmetic

In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.

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For loop

In computer science, a for-loop (or simply for loop) is a control flow statement for specifying iteration, which allows code to be executed repeatedly.

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Foreach loop

For each (or foreach) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection.

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Forth (programming language)

Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and environment originally designed by Charles "Chuck" Moore.

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Fortran

Fortran (formerly FORTRAN, derived from Formula Translation) is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

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Forward declaration

In computer programming, a forward declaration is a declaration of an identifier (denoting an entity such as a type, a variable, a constant, or a function) for which the programmer has not yet given a complete definition.

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Free Pascal

Free Pascal Compiler (FPC) is a compiler for the closely related programming language dialects, Pascal and Object Pascal.

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FreeBASIC

FreeBASIC is a multiplatform, free/open source (GPL) BASIC compiler for Microsoft Windows, protected-mode MS-DOS (DOS extender), Linux, FreeBSD and Xbox.

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Glasgow Haskell Compiler

Glasgow Haskell Compiler, less commonly known as The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System or simply GHC, is an open source native code compiler for the functional programming language Haskell.

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Go (programming language)

Go (often referred to as Golang) is a programming language created at Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson.

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Goto

GoTo (goto, GOTO, GO TO or other case combinations, depending on the programming language) is a statement found in many computer programming languages.

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Guillemet

Guillemets, or angle quotes, are a pair of punctuation marks in the form of sideways double chevrons (« and »), used instead of quotation marks in a number of languages.

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Haskell (programming language)

Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose compiled purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing.

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IIf

In computing, IIf (an abbreviation for Immediate if) is a function in several editions of the Visual Basic programming language and ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML), and on spreadsheets that returns the second or third parameter based on the evaluation of the first parameter.

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Input/output

In computing, input/output or I/O (or, informally, io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system.

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Input/output (C++)

In the C++ programming language, input/output library refers to a family of class templates and supporting functions in the C++ Standard Library that implement stream-based input/output capabilities.

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Integer (computer science)

In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers.

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ISLISP

ISLISP (also capitalized as ISLisp) is a programming language in the LISP family standardized by ISO working group ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 16 (commonly referred to simply as SC22/WG16 or WG16).

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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JavaScript

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted programming language.

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Label (computer science)

A label in a programming language is a sequence of characters that identifies a location within source code.

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Machine epsilon

Machine epsilon gives an upper bound on the relative error due to rounding in floating point arithmetic.

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Modula-2

Modula-2 is a computer programming language designed and developed between 1977 and 1985 by Niklaus Wirth at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) as a revision of Pascal to serve as the sole programming language for the operating system and application software for the personal workstation Lilith.

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Object (computer science)

In computer science, an object can be a variable, a data structure, a function, or a method, and as such, is a value in memory referenced by an identifier.

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Objective-C

Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.

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OCaml

OCaml, originally named Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the programming language Caml, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy, Ascánder Suárez and others in 1996.

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Pascal (programming language)

Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, which Niklaus Wirth designed in 1968–69 and published in 1970, as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honor of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal. Pascal was developed on the pattern of the ALGOL 60 language. Wirth had already developed several improvements to this language as part of the ALGOL X proposals, but these were not accepted and Pascal was developed separately and released in 1970. A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985; this was used by Apple Computer and Borland in the late 1980s and later developed into Delphi on the Microsoft Windows platform. Extensions to the Pascal concepts led to the Pascal-like languages Modula-2 and Oberon.

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Passive data structure

In computer science and object-oriented programming, a passive data structure (PDS, not to be confused with IBM's partitioned data sets; also termed a plain old data structure, or plain old data (POD)), is a term for a record, to contrast with objects.

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Pattern matching

In computer science, pattern matching is the act of checking a given sequence of tokens for the presence of the constituents of some pattern.

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Perl

Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages, Perl 5 and Perl 6.

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Perl 6

Perl 6 is a member of the Perl family of programming languages.

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PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed for Web development, but also used as a general-purpose programming language.

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Pointer (computer programming)

In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object that stores the memory address of another value located in computer memory.

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POSIX

The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems.

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PowerShell

PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language.

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Printf format string

Printf format string refers to a control parameter used by a class of functions in the input/output libraries of C and many other programming languages.

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Python (programming language)

Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming.

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Record (computer science)

In computer science, a record (also called a structure, struct, or compound data) is a basic data structure.

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Reflection (computer programming)

In computer science, reflection is the ability of a computer program to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior at runtime.

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Ruby (programming language)

Ruby is a dynamic, interpreted, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.

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S-Lang

The S-Lang programming library is a software library for Unix, Windows, VMS, OS/2, and Mac OS X. It provides routines for embedding an interpreter for the S-Lang scripting language, and components to facilitate the creation of text-based applications.

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Scala (programming language)

Scala is a general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system.

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Scanf format string

Scanf format string (which stands for "scan formatted") refers to a control parameter used by a class of functions in the string-processing libraries of various programming languages.

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Scheme (programming language)

Scheme is a programming language that supports multiple paradigms, including functional programming and imperative programming, and is one of the two main dialects of Lisp.

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Seed7

Seed7 is an extensible general-purpose programming language designed by Thomas Mertes.

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Sequence container (C++)

In computing, sequence containers refer to a group of container class templates in the standard library of the C++ programming language that implement storage of data elements.

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Setjmp.h

setjmp.h is a header defined in the C standard library to provide "non-local jumps": control flow that deviates from the usual subroutine call and return sequence.

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Single-precision floating-point format

Single-precision floating-point format is a computer number format, usually occupying 32 bits in computer memory; it represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.

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Smalltalk

Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language.

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Software engineer

A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of computer software.

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Standard ML

Standard ML (SML; "Standard Meta Language") is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference.

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Standard streams

In computer programming, standard streams are preconnected input and output communication channels between a computer program and its environment when it begins execution.

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String (computer science)

In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.

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Subroutine

In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.

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Swift (programming language)

Swift is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Apple Inc. for iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, and Linux.

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Switch statement

In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via a multiway branch.

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Top type

The top type in the type theory of mathematics, logic, and computer science, commonly abbreviated as top or by the down tack symbol (⊤), is the universal type, sometimes called the universal supertype as all other types in any given type system are subtypes of top.

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Tuple

In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements.

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Type conversion

In computer science, type conversion, type casting, and type coercion are different ways of changing an entity of one data type into another.

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Typedef

typedef is a reserved keyword in the C and C++ programming languages.

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Union type

In computer science, a union is a value that may have any of several representations or formats within the same position in memory; or it is a data structure that consists of a variable that may hold such a value.

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User-defined function

A user-defined function (UDF) is a function provided by the user of a program or environment, in a context where the usual assumption is that functions are built into the program or environment.

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Variadic function

In mathematics and in computer programming, a variadic function is a function of indefinite arity, i.e., one which accepts a variable number of arguments.

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Variant type

Variant is a data type in certain programming languages, particularly Visual Basic, OCaml, Delphi and C++ when using the Component Object Model.

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Visual Basic

Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its Component Object Model (COM) programming model first released in 1991 and declared legacy during 2008.

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Visual Basic .NET

Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on the.NET Framework.

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Void type

The Void type, in several programming languages derived from C and Algol68, is the type for the result of a function that returns normally, but does not provide a result value to its caller.

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While loop

In most computer programming languages, a while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition.

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Windows Script Host

The Microsoft Windows Script Host (WSH) (formerly named Windows Scripting Host) is an automation technology for Microsoft Windows operating systems that provides scripting abilities comparable to batch files, but with a wider range of supported features.

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Wolfram Language

The Wolfram Language is a general multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research and is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica and the Wolfram Programming Cloud.

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Wolfram Mathematica

Wolfram Mathematica (usually termed Mathematica) is a modern technical computing system spanning most areas of technical computing — including neural networks, machine learning, image processing, geometry, data science, visualizations, and others.

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Comparison of basic instructions of programming languages, Comparison of programming languages (control flow), Comparison of programming languages (variable and constant declarations).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_(basic_instructions)

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